EP1045090B1 - Reparation d'éléments de maçonnerie - Google Patents
Reparation d'éléments de maçonnerie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1045090B1 EP1045090B1 EP00401041A EP00401041A EP1045090B1 EP 1045090 B1 EP1045090 B1 EP 1045090B1 EP 00401041 A EP00401041 A EP 00401041A EP 00401041 A EP00401041 A EP 00401041A EP 1045090 B1 EP1045090 B1 EP 1045090B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- new
- blocks
- new block
- sound part
- row
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001045966 Poliana Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of repair masonry elements, such as solid stone walls or whose exterior surface is solid stone.
- Such walls often very thick, for example greater at 1 meter, undergo different damage over time mechanical or chemical, for example by water infiltration, migration of mineral salts, by atmospheric exchange, etc., which cause a gradual decrease in their mechanical characteristics and a alteration of their surface.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method overcoming the above drawbacks.
- the present invention relates to a repair method respectful of the existing and not modifying the functioning mechanics of a wall or masonry element.
- the repair method according to the invention is intended for ashlar masonry units, of the type comprising a plurality of stones bound by a mortar and having undergone degradation partial, process in which a degraded part is removed from the face of a stone existing until a healthy part is exposed, we fix to the said healthy part a new stone at the location of the degraded part by means of connectors, fill the residual space between the new one with mortar. stone and the healthy part, so the new stone and the healthy part of the existing stone form a rigid unit restoring the masonry element substantially its original mechanical characteristics and filling with mortar the residual space between the new stone and the adjacent stones.
- the fixing by connectors is carried out by drilling of blind holes in the said healthy part, drilling of holes blind in the new stone in locations corresponding to holes in the sound part, fitting and sealing connectors in the new stone and in the said healthy part, the connectors appearing in the form of substantially cylindrical rods of diameter less than that of the holes.
- the connectors can be based on synthetic fibers, for example in epoxy resin loaded with fibers, the sealing being carried out with synthetic resin, for example epoxy.
- the connectors may be in the form of studs or legs whose surface exterior is provided with roughness.
- separation elements capable of separating the residual space between the new stone and the healthy part, from adjacent degraded parts or no, removed or not.
- the elements of separation are in the form of sheets, for example thick less than or equal to 5 mm.
- the dividing elements can be present in the form of poliana sheets, plywood sheets, etc.
- the separation elements are removed after the stage of filling the residual space between the new stone and the healthy part.
- the degraded part of each stone is removed of a plurality of neighboring existing stones until reaching the part healthy, we fix a row of new stones according to a horizontal bench, separating elements being placed between each new stone of the said row and the stones below, between the new stones, and between the new stones located at each end of the row and the neighboring stones laterally, we fill the space with mortar residual between each new stone in the row and the healthy part, we remove the separating elements, and fill the residual space with mortar between each new stone in the said row and the stones present in below, between the new stones, and between the new stones located at each end of the row and the neighboring stones laterally.
- the steps are repeated for a plurality of rows.
- the existing stones are only purged of their parts degraded by flushing their healthy parts.
- the choice of thickness for the new stone will be carried out, or as close as possible to the old structure, case in which the thickness of the new stone will be very close to the thickness of the degraded part removed, the thickness of each new stone being adapted to the existing stone on which it will be fixed, either by seeking a more economical repair, in which case the thickness of the new stones will be constant, the variable residual space existing between the new stones and the healthy part of the existing stones being filled mortar.
- a portion of the wall is formed of a plurality of stones referenced 1 to 6. These stones 1 to 6 are part of the original wall. Among these, stones 1 and 2 are in good condition and have not been repaired except surface cleaning and possibly a slight filling. Stones 3 to 6 have a healthy part 3a to 6a and a degraded part not visible in FIG. 1, in the extent that it was previously removed during a purge step allowing to find the surface of the healthy parts 3a to 6a.
- the degraded parts had characteristics less mechanical and likely to be detrimental to operation mechanical of the whole wall.
- the purge is carried out while respecting maximum healthy parts 3a to 6a.
- Each stone 3 to 6 now includes a new part 3b to 6b also in stone, with the most characteristic and provenance possible close to the healthy parts 3a to 6a of origin, and a part intermediate 3c to 6c made in mortar, for example in mortar with lime or based on lime and stone powder, and arranged between the part healthy 3a to 6a and the new part 3b to 6b.
- the mechanical connection between the healthy part 3a to 6a and the new part 3b to 6b is reinforced by connectors 7 sealed each in a healthy part 3a to 6a and in a new part 3b to 6b.
- a connector 7 is a substantially cylindrical rod, of the type stud, of generally circular section, for example of epoxy resin (or polyester) loaded with glass fibers, carbon, or aramids.
- epoxy resin or polyester
- Such fiber-loaded epoxy resin stud has an outer surface irregular thus forming roughness which facilitates the sealing.
- the sealing of connectors 7 both in the healthy parts 3a to 6a and in the new parts 3b to 6b, is carried out using epoxy resin.
- sheets 8 are arranged between each stone 3 to 6 as well as between stone 3 and stones 1 and 2, at the level of the new parts 3b to 6b and of the intermediate parts 3c to 6c. These sheets make it possible to mechanically separate the different stones 1 to 6. Once all of the new parts 3b to 6b have been arranged, we proceed to the removal of the sheets 8 and the filling of the slots that they leave through a mortar joint. Each stone 3 to 6 is thus reconstructed in an extremely close manner to what it was originally and has substantially identical mechanical characteristics.
- the length of studs will be adapted to the thickness of each new part 3b to 6b and each intermediate part 3c to 6c. In general, this length will be between 20 and 60 cm, with at least about 5 cm at each end of length sealed in a healthy part or in a new part.
- each new part 3b to 6b is adapted to the thickness of the degraded part that has been purged.
- Each new part 3b to 6b is therefore cut, in length and in height, to correspond to the dimension of the corresponding healthy part and in thickness to correspond to the thickness of degraded stone purged.
- Each new part is separated from the neighboring stones by a sheet provided on its lower surface and one sheet on each side lateral.
- We come to put the new part by presenting the studs in the corresponding holes of the healthy part and we proceed to the sealing of the studs in said healthy part. We can do this for everything a stone bench located on the same horizontal level. Then, we fill the intermediate space between the healthy part and the new part with mortar. The central parts of the studs are thus embedded in the mortar. After setting the mortar, the separation sheets are removed and forms mortar joints between the stones thus reconstituted.
- Separation sheets avoid continuity between the foundations of the stones.
- New parts at least 10 cm thick are fully integrated into the healthy parts and take part in mechanical operation, in particular when the efforts of compression that can occur.
- the assembly of the new parts is facilitated by the presence of the connectors which constitute an aid for their positioning.
- the coefficients of thermal expansion of the connectors and the sealing resin are chosen to ensure total homogeneity of the assembly formed by the new parts, the intermediate mortar, the connectors and healthy parts.
- Each reconstituted stone behaves so in the same way as a massive stone of the same dimension.
- the invention avoids the total replacement of stones which is damaging on the archaeological level while respecting the original design of the wall, which is a guarantee against possible destabilization or subsequent disorders.
Landscapes
- Architecture (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Retaining Walls (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Description
Claims (9)
- Procédé de réparation d'éléments de maçonnerie en pierre de taille, du type comprenant une pluralité de pierres (1, 3-6) liées par un mortier et ayant subi une dégradation partielle, dans lequel on enlève une partie dégradée de la face d'une pierre existant (3) jusqu'à affleurer une partie saine (3a), on fixe à la dite partie saine (3a) une nouvelle pierre (3b) à l'emplacement de la partie dégradée au moyen de connecteurs (7), on remplit de mortier l'espace résiduel entre la nouvelle pierre (3b) et la partie saine (3a), de façon que la nouvelle pierre (3b) et la partie saine (3a) de la pierre existante (3) forment un ensemble rigide redonnant à l'élément de maçonnerie sensiblement ses caractéristiques mécaniques d'origine et on remplit de mortier l'espace résiduel entre la nouvelle pierre (3b) et les pierres adjacentes.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la fixation par connecteurs est effectuée par perçage de trous borgnes dans la dite partie saine, perçage de trous borgnes dans la nouvelle pierre à des emplacements correspondants aux trous dans la partie saine, pose et scellement des connecteurs dans la nouvelle pierre et dans la dite partie saine, les connecteurs se présentant sous la forme de tiges sensiblement cylindriques de diamètre inférieur à celui des trous.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les connecteurs sont à base de fibres de synthèse, le scellement étant effectué avec de la résine synthétique.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel après l'étape de fixation par connecteurs, on dispose des éléments de séparation (8) aptes à séparer l'espace résiduel entre la nouvelle pierre et la partie saine, de parties adjacentes dégradées ou non, enlevées ou non.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les éléments de séparation se présentent sous la forme de feuilles.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, dans lequel on retire les éléments de séparation après l'étape de remplissage de l'espace résiduel entre la nouvelle pierre et la partie saine.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on enlève la partie dégradée de chaque pierre d'une pluralité de pierres existantes voisines jusqu'à atteindre la partie saine, on fixe une rangée de nouvelles pierres selon un banc horizontal, des éléments de séparation étant disposés entre chaque nouvelle pierre de la dite rangée et les pierres présentes en dessous, entre les nouvelles pierres, et entre les nouvelles pierres situées à chaque extrémité de la rangée et les pierres voisines latéralement, on remplit de mortier l'espace résiduel entre chaque nouvelle pierre de la rangée et la partie saine, on retire les éléments de séparation, et on remplit de mortier l'espace résiduel entre chaque nouvelle pierre de la dite rangée et les pierres présentes en dessous, entre les nouvelles pierres, et entre les nouvelles pierres situées à chaque extrémité de la rangée et les pierres voisines latéralement.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel on réitère les étapes précédentes pour une pluralité de rangées.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans lequel, pour la rangée la plus haute, on dispose des éléments de séparation entre chaque nouvelle pierre de la dite rangée la plus haute et les pierres présentes au dessus.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9904841 | 1999-04-16 | ||
FR9904841A FR2792353B1 (fr) | 1999-04-16 | 1999-04-16 | Reparation d'elements de maconnerie |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1045090A1 EP1045090A1 (fr) | 2000-10-18 |
EP1045090B1 true EP1045090B1 (fr) | 2004-06-23 |
Family
ID=9544531
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00401041A Expired - Lifetime EP1045090B1 (fr) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-04-14 | Reparation d'éléments de maçonnerie |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1045090B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE269925T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60011696D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2792353B1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104032983A (zh) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-09-10 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | 一种用于斜坡摩崖石刻风化防护的半封闭式全覆盖隔离方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3510451A1 (de) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-12-11 | Hans Volker 6802 Ladenburg Dursy | Verfahren zur restaurierung von werksteinfassaden mit beliebiger gestaltung, insbesondere mit herausragenden profilgliedern |
WO1996032552A1 (fr) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-10-17 | Reino Parkkila | Procede et element de façade pour la reparation de batiments |
DE19524170A1 (de) * | 1995-07-03 | 1997-01-09 | Voest Alpine Umwelttechn Gmbh | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Schutzschicht auf Bauwerksoberflächen, insbesondere verwitterte Betonoberflächen von Staumauern |
-
1999
- 1999-04-16 FR FR9904841A patent/FR2792353B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-04-14 DE DE60011696T patent/DE60011696D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 EP EP00401041A patent/EP1045090B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 AT AT00401041T patent/ATE269925T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104032983A (zh) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-09-10 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | 一种用于斜坡摩崖石刻风化防护的半封闭式全覆盖隔离方法 |
CN104032983B (zh) * | 2014-04-03 | 2018-11-06 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | 一种用于斜坡摩崖石刻风化防护的半封闭式全覆盖隔离方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2792353B1 (fr) | 2001-06-15 |
DE60011696D1 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
FR2792353A1 (fr) | 2000-10-20 |
EP1045090A1 (fr) | 2000-10-18 |
ATE269925T1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
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