EP1043429B1 - Device for the production of a stranded fibre composite from glass fibres and fibre composite from glass fibres - Google Patents

Abstract

The appts. to produce strands of bundled glass fibers, and at least one additional material, has a feed (15) with a second f path (22), separate from the first feed path, through the peripheral wall of the spinning funnel (10). The two feed paths pass through the feed opening (11), separated from each other by a dividing wall. The second feed path h channel (22) which passes through the feed opening (11) or is connected to it, and it has its own air supply (20) with a variabl air stream. The feed (15) has an opening unit (18,19) which is exposed to the air stream at the second feed path (22). The first feed path is closer to the outer wall (12) of the spinning funnel (10) than the second feed path (22). An Independent claim is included for the prodn. of bundled strands of glass fibers, where the additional material is fed into the spinning funnel separa from the glass. Preferred Features: The additional material passes into the spinning funnel through the same feed opening as the first feed path, but separated from it. The additional material, and especially plastics fibers, is in a homogenous mix through cross section of the hybrid fibers. The glass and the plastics fibers are aligned along the line of the hybrid fibers. The ratio the glass fibers to the additional fibers is 10:90 to 99:1 and pref. 10:90 to 90:10. The glass fibers are of C-glass and/or E-gl with a dia. of 2-25 mu m and pref. 7-17 mu m. The glass and the plastics fibers are in staple fiber form. The additional fibers a length of ≥ 10 mm and pref. 40-80 mm. The hybrid fiber material has a titer of 20-5000 tex and pref. up to 2000 tex.

Description

The invention relates to a device for manufacturing a strand-like fiber composite made of glass fibers and at least one additional material with a rotating Drawing surface, a lifting device, a spinning funnel, an elongated feed opening in its peripheral wall with a first feed path for glass fibers and has a discharge opening on one end face and a rotationally symmetrical, at least in the circumferential direction surrounds closed space except for the feed opening, with a trigger device and with a feed device for the additional material. Here are for making a strand-like Fiber composite of glass fibers and at least one Additional material, according to the method a large number of glass fibers, which is lifted from a rotating drawing surface in an essentially rotationally symmetrical, at least in the circumferential direction except for an elongated one Feed opening directed closed space, in which they form a fiber vortex, which at one End of the room is pulled as a sliver.

A device of this type are, for example known from DE 36 34 904 A1. Molten occurs there Glass from nozzles at the bottom of Melting furnaces. Draw the resulting drops Glass threads made when the drops on a reach the inclined plane, the system to the drawing drum come and be undressed by her. Before reaching one complete wrapping around the drum Threads from the drawing surface with the help of a lifting device lifted. Then you get into the spinning funnel, where they stick to the drawing surface with the help of Air flow, which is lifted at the same time, swirls become. The resulting glass fiber composite with the help of a trigger device through the trigger opening deducted. There is also an order facility intended for fibers made of a different material, the synthetic fibers in place on the drawing surface applies the glass threads on the drawing surface. Alternatively, the application of the synthetic fibers also at the collection point of the glass threads or on the piece between this delivery point and the entrance into the spinning funnel.

With this type of production, mixed Fiber composites from glass fibers and an additional material, preferably produce plastic, such as polyamide. Indeed it can be stated that these fiber composites not too great a homogeneity in cross section. One finds "nests" of glass fibers and "nests" of additional material fibers, i.e. the individual materials occur in groups within the fiber composite.

This is readily acceptable for many applications. The tensile strength is retained.

EP 0 616 055 B1 shows a method and a device for producing a composite yarn, in which endless glass filaments are connected to endless filaments made of thermoplastic organic material.
For this purpose, the individual glass filaments are passed through a coating device. The pretreated plastic filaments are then passed together with the glass filaments over a tension roller and then spun. However, it can also be observed here that the fiber composite is relatively inhomogeneous in cross section.

EP 0 636 717 A1 shows a method for manufacturing a tape made from mineral fibers and organic Fibers is formed. The organic fibers are made from a fiber mixture with the help of a card. The glass fibers are fed as a wick and also dissolved. Both fibers then become collectors fed the two fiber streams over several Idlers and cylinders guides to unite them.

DE 31 51 968 A1 describes a method for generating a thread based on glass fibers. The Thread is made from a mixture of short glass fibers and support fibers made of plastic material by the Fibers are carded and then spun.

EP 0 292 409 A1 describes a procedure with which one in endlessly run glass fibers into shorter pieces Range from 100 to 120 mm can break.

The invention has for its object a hybrid yarn specify the better for sheet materials for Preform parts (preform layer) is suitable.

This task is the beginning of a device mentioned type in that the feeding device has a second feed path that is separate from the first Feed path, through the peripheral wall of the spinning funnel runs.

So you are able to use a fiber composite as possible to create great homogeneity. One uses a conventional and known device for Manufacture of the fiber composite, but converts it into provided as of when one for feeding the additional material choose a different location and a different path. So far it was assumed that the spinning drum puller the glass fibers and the additional fibers the drawing area has already been mixed, so that a mixed Material was introduced into the spinning funnel. However, this assumption does not appear to have been true. Perhaps this is because the applied Plastic fibers the air layer on the drawing surface adheres and in which the individual glass threads "swim", could not penetrate. Accordingly finds one in the known procedure Mixing between the glass fibers and the plastic fibers not yet taking place on the drawing surface. If you now use a second food path to do this Feed additional material in a targeted manner into the spinning funnel, then one is no longer dependent on the fact that the glass fibers and the additional material are already on mix the drawing area. You achieve the mixture with a very good homogeneity rather only in the spinning funnel. In addition to the improved approach Homogeneity also has the advantage that there is a risk of contamination for the environment through the additional material is less. The inflow of additional material can be control better. In addition, surface materials, which are made from such fiber associations, can be processed with shorter pressing times, so that a composite material manufactured faster and cheaper can be. Achieved with the higher homogeneity one has a good notched impact strength and a good one Bending strength, i.e. one firmness in another than just the direction of pull of that formed from the hybrid yarn End product, i.e. that formed from sheet materials Preforms or molded parts. The glass fibers are even better in the matrix of the additional material during the pressing process involved.

The first and second feed paths preferably run through the feed opening and are through a partition separated from each other. Accordingly, are opposite only minor changes in the conventional device necessary. Basically, it's enough to get one Insert the sheet into the feed opening on the underside the glass fibers run in and on the top the fibers of the additional material. The swirling takes place then in the spinning funnel, where the corresponding ones are Can develop vortices; without through further openings to be disturbed in the peripheral wall of the spinning funnel.

The second feed path preferably has a channel that protrudes into the feed opening or with it concludes. This allows the flow of additional material control even better. All the additional material that gets into the channel also becomes the spinning funnel fed.

The second food path preferably has its own Air supply on. The additional material then becomes pneumatic conveyed into the spinning funnel. This additional air also ensures that the additional material with can mix the glass fibers.

The air flow of the air supply can preferably be changed. This gives you another measure to to change the structure of the fiber composite. One can adapt the air flow of the air supply to the air flow, generated by the pull drum. In order to are also different machine settings, for example Production speeds, possible.

The feed device advantageously has a dissolving unit on. You can then add the additional material in a more manageable form, for example in the form of a Sliver or a fleece, up to the dissolving unit transport. There are the fibers of the additional material "Sporadically". First the single fibers or Groups of a few fibers are then over the second Feed path inserted into the spinning funnel.

Preferably, the dissolving unit is in the second feed path directed air flow. This air flow then has three tasks. He takes that Additional material from the dissolving unit cleans it So permanently, so that the resolution result constant remains good, it then promotes the fibers of the additional material to the spinning funnel and ensures there is still one better homogenization.

The first feed path is advantageously denser the outer wall of the spinning funnel arranged as the second feed path. This simplifies construction. The Spinning funnel or a scraper baffle can still like stay relatively close to the drawing surface before, so that one use the air adhering there to swirl the fibers can.

In the device according to the invention, as already mentioned, the additional material separately from the glass fibers through the peripheral wall in the Room directed.

Only in the room, i.e. then takes place in the spinning funnel Mixing and swirling of the two materials. Amazingly, this results in an improved Homogeneity of the fiber composite.

Preferably, the additional material is the same Feed opening in a separate from the glass fiber stream Additional material flow directed into the room. With that maintain favorable conditions for swirling.

The room has only one defect in its peripheral wall. You can use both materials before the actual swirling bring closer together.

Through the one described above Device for producing such a fiber composite (Hybrid yarn) can be achieved that the Glass fibers and the additional material fibers across the cross section of the fiber composite largely homogeneously mixed are. The fiber composite has the advantage that the homogeneity a stronger resilience possible is. In particular, the risk is drastically reduced that there are local overstresses in glass fiber nests can result in sooner or later becoming one Lead damage to the fiber composite. The hybrid yarn is characterized by a homogeneous mixture of the fiber components out. When using thermoplastic Additional materials can use these fibers as a matrix component for that made from the hybrid yarns flat product (e.g. preprep). Alternatively or In addition to the matrix fibers, other organic ones can also be used or inorganic materials. As an example here are renewable raw materials called. The homogeneous mixture between glass fibers and Matrix fibers causes the later forming of the Area product (application of heat and pressure) good and even embedding as reinforcement serving glass fibers in the melting matrix. This results in better mechanical properties of the end product, especially tensile and bending strength and impact strength.

The glass fibers and the additional material fibers are preferred aligned in the main direction of the fiber composite. This results in a relatively high strength. The alignment is of course not exactly parallel. Rather, there are a variety of loops and Loops. However, there is no training at which is a "core" of a type of fiber from a "sheath" the other type of fiber is surrounded, in which the cladding fibers practically run only in the circumferential direction.

The ratio of glass fibers to is preferably Additional material fibers in the range 10:90 to 99: 1. With others The fiber composite, which is also called "Hybrid yarn" can refer to a composition of 10% to 99% glass fibers and 90% to 1% filler fibers, preferably spinnable organic fibers, in particular thermoplastic fiber materials (matrix). The ratio is preferably in the range of 10:90 until 90:10. This will achieve the desired mechanical Behavior, for example a certain flexural strength with a good resistance to thermal influences. For other applications you can , also organic fibers from renewable raw materials, for example hemp, alone or in combination with Use plastic fibers.

The glass fibers are preferably made of carbon glass and / or made of E-glass. Such fibers can be spin easily.

The glass fibers advantageously have a diameter in Range from 2 to 25 microns, preferably 7 to 17 microns. Fibers with this diameter can be described Wise well with additional material fibers to one Unite fiber composite.

Fibers with this diameter can be described Wise well with additional material fibers to one Unite fiber composite.

Both the glass fibers and the are preferably Additional material fibers designed as staple fibers. The Staple fibers are inherently limited in length. Accordingly they can spin well in the spinning funnel become.

The additional material fibers advantageously have a Length in the range of more than 10 mm, preferably 40 up to 80 mm. This length has proven to be easily spinnable proved. At least 10 mm are required to get one to get a good fiber composite.

The additional material fibers are preferably as polymer fibers educated. Basically, you can do it all here use spinnable organic fibers.

The fiber composite advantageously has one. titres in the range of 20 to 5000 tex, preferably 200 to 2000 tex.

die einzige Figur

eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Faserverbundes.

The invention is described below with reference to a preferred embodiment in connection with the drawing. Here shows

the only figure

a device for producing a fiber composite.

In the figure is a device 1 for producing a strand-like fiber composite only with its essential Details shown. Melting furnaces or Bushings 2 have nozzles 3 on their underside, through the melted glass in the form of fibers 4 or Threads emerges. These threads will start with this produces a glass drop emerging from a nozzle 3 falls on a baffle 5 and thereby a fiber 4 pulls after itself, which is when the drop is on the baffle 5 slips further, with the surface 6 a pull drum 7 comes into contact. The pull drum 7 turns in the direction of arrow 8 with a certain Speed, being on the surface 6, the one Drawing surface forms, an air layer adheres. The surface takes the fibers 4 with them. As a rule, the Carried by a thin layer of oil on the surface 6 supports.

The glass fibers 4 are with a removal device 9, for example a doctor blade from the pull drum 7 lifted off and introduced into a spinning funnel 10, which has a feed opening 11 for this purpose. On Scraper baffle 12 of the spinning funnel 10 is more or less seamlessly into the take-off device 9 about. The spinning hopper 10 has, apart from the feed opening 11 and the scraper baffle 12, one essentially rotationally symmetrical shape. Its axis is essentially parallel to the axis 13 of the spinning drum 7 directed. Accordingly, the air layer that with the removal device 9 also from the surface 6 of the spinning drum 7 is peeled off, the so-called Drum wind, enter the spinning funnel 10 and there cause a swirling of the glass fibers 4. It should be noted that the fibers within the Spinning funnel 10 are usually present as staple fibers. The glass fibers 4 are somewhere on the way between spinning drum 7 and spinning funnel 10 or in Spinning funnel 10 has been broken. On one end of the spinning funnel 10 (perpendicular to Drawing plane) you can then pull off a fiber composite 14.

Furthermore, the device also has a feeding device 15 for an additional material 16. The additional material 16 can consist of plastic fibers, for example made of polyamide, polypropylene or polyester, which are to be "built into" the fiber composite 14. For the following explanation it is assumed that the additional material 16 as a tape in the form of a roving is fed. Of course, it is also possible that Additional material 16 is supplied in a different form which are in single fibers or smaller fiber conglomerates can dissolve, for example as a fleece or as Flake.

The opening device 15 initially has feed rollers 17 with which the additional material is fed. Furthermore, a resolving device 18, 19 is provided, which isolated the fibers of the additional material 16. in this connection can be, for example, running against each other Carding roller type card or one Act card. The upper roller 18 of the resolver 18, 19 plucks individual fibers or groups of fibers out of the additional material 16. Another Separation takes place with the lower roller 19. Die lower roller 19 is by a fan 20 with a Airflow applied, which has several tasks. To the one the airflow 21 blows the fibers from the bottom Roll 19 off. Then it conveys into a channel 22, the Mouth 23 is inserted into the spinning funnel 10. It is sufficient if the mouth 23 with the feed opening 11 completes or even ends shortly before as long as it is ensured that the fibers of the additional material 16 and the glass fibers separated from each other in the spinning funnel 10 are introduced. The space between the channel 22 and the side wall 12 forms accordingly a first food path on which the glass fibers 4 are supplied. The channel 22 forms one second feed path in which the additional material fibers are fed become. The air flow 21, which is the filler fibers promoted through channel 22, reinforced then the drum wind in the spinning funnel 10. Be there accordingly the glass fibers and the fibers of the additional material intimately mixed so that a fiber structure with a relatively good homogeneity, and swirled at the same time so that in one operation a hybrid roving or "hybrid yarn" is created that can be deducted as a fiber composite 14.

A preparation can also be applied to the fiber composite 14 become. A locking device can also be provided be (not shown) that the fiber composite 14 solidified and gives it a compact structure.

The fiber composite 14 can be deflected via deflecting rollers 24 become. It can then be wound onto a spool 26 become.

When compiling the fiber composite 14 one has by the fan 20, the air flow of which is controllable, another control option. The stronger the Air flow, the stronger the air vortex is in the Spinning funnel 10. If the supply of additional material as 16 controls in sync, i.e. with more or less Air also correspondingly more or less additional material admits, then you can also the proportion of the additional material influence on the fiber composite 14.

One can use an additional material instead of the one shown 16 of course also other additional materials use as long as they are in the form of staple fibers, i.e. Fibers of limited length are present. This can the mixture of several additional materials already in Channel 22 take place. But it is also possible, each one Additional material separated into the spinning funnel 10 introduce.

The fiber composite, which is also called "hybrid yarn" can now be described by the fact that a homogeneous mixture of glass, staple fibers and Polymer staple fibers. The different fibers are about the cross section of the fiber composite evenly, i.e. homogeneous, distributed. The titer of one such fiber composite is preferably in the range from 20 to 5000 tex, preferably 200 to 2000 tex. The Ratio of glass fibers and additional material fibers is in the ratio of 10:90 to 99: 1, preferably 1: 9 to 9: 1, i.e. you have about 10% to 90% glass fibers and 90% to 10% filler fibers, preferably spinnable organic fibers. The glass can be used as a C glass or be designed as an E-glass. Mixtures are also conceivable both types of glass. The fiber diameter of the Glass fibers are preferably in the range of 2 to 25 µm, preferably 7 to 17 µm. As additional material fibers you can basically use all spinnable organic fibers use with any title. The length is preferably in the range of 40 to 80 mm.

Claims (8)

1. Apparatus for the production of a stranded fibre composite from glass fibres and at least one additional material, having a rotating drawing surface, a lifting device, a spinning funnel which, in its circumferential wall, has an elongated feed opening with a first feed path for glass fibres and, at one end, has a haul-off opening and surrounds a rotationally symmetrical space which, at least in the circumferential direction, is closed apart from the feed opening, having a haul-off device and having a feed device for the additional material, characterized in that the feed device (15) has a second feed path (22), which runs separately from the first feed path through the circumferential wall of the spinning funnel (10).
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the means (22-25) are arranged in the region of the drive (3, 3').
3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterized in that the means (22-25) and the drive (3, 3') form one structural unit.
4. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that the drive (3, 3') is constructed as a linear drive.
5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that the drive (3, 3') is constructed as a piston-cylinder arrangement (4).
6. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drive is constructed as a rotational drive.
7. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the means (22-25) are connected to a controller (29) which'is connected to a distance transducer (32) which determines a position change effected by the drive.
8. Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the controller (29) is connected to a data memory (31) which contains movement and/or position data about the weaving tools (2).

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