EP0344650B1 - Method for making an inorganic multifilament yarn - Google Patents

Method for making an inorganic multifilament yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0344650B1
EP0344650B1 EP89109563A EP89109563A EP0344650B1 EP 0344650 B1 EP0344650 B1 EP 0344650B1 EP 89109563 A EP89109563 A EP 89109563A EP 89109563 A EP89109563 A EP 89109563A EP 0344650 B1 EP0344650 B1 EP 0344650B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
fibre bundle
main
fibres
accompanying
fiber bundle
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EP89109563A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0344650A3 (en
EP0344650A2 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Noelle
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Oerlikon Barmag AG
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Barmag AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
    • D02G3/402—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads the adhesive being one component of the yarn, i.e. thermoplastic yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/165—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam characterised by the use of certain filaments or yarns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the method for producing a multifilament, inorganic thread according to the preamble of claim 1 and a fiber-reinforced composite material.
  • This method is known and customary for the production of threads with a glass fiber core.
  • a main fiber bundle made of the inorganic glass fibers is replaced by a guide made of thermoplastic material, e.g. Polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, wrapped.
  • thermoplastic material e.g. Polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene
  • the object of the invention is to develop the method according to the preamble of claim 1 so that an immediately usable inorganic thread with a round and compact cross-section as possible can be produced in a fast and relatively inexpensive process with regard to the technical equipment required.
  • the main fiber bundle is also subjected to transverse forces when subjected to tensile loads, which lead to breakage in particular with glass threads and carbon fibers.
  • the heating of the combined fiber bundle provided according to the invention can take place after winding up or before winding up in a further intermediate process step.
  • the fibers of the thermoplastic companion fiber bundle shrink as a result of the heating, and at the same time they melt and attach themselves to the surface of the main fiber bundle.
  • the fibers of the main fiber bundle are held together and at the same time are fixed in an essentially round, compact cross section.
  • the thermoplastic fibers of the accompanying fiber bundle also melt at least on their surface. This strengthens the cohesion of the main fiber bundle and also the thermoplastic fibers form a protective layer that protects the sensitive inorganic fibers.
  • a particularly dense, compact position of the fibers of the main fiber bundle can also be achieved by leading the combined fiber bundle through the heating zone with tension.
  • fiber-reinforced composite bodies which consist of a matrix with fiber insert
  • the adhesion between inorganic fibers and the matrix is often inadequate when the matrix material is under bending or tensile stress.
  • the advantage of the invention is that the fibers of the thermoplastic companion fiber bundle modify the surface of the main fiber bundle, the thermoplastic fibers imparting good adhesion.
  • composite materials whose matrix is a thermoset or thermoplastic It can e.g. are printed circuit boards, heat protection plates, grinding wheels and all fiber-reinforced plastic parts.
  • the drawing shows schematically an apparatus for performing the method.
  • a chemical fiber bundle is treated as an inorganic, multifilament thread.
  • the glass fiber bundle 2 is unwound from the supply spool 1.
  • the supply spool is driven on its circumference by a drive roller 3 with a drive motor 4.
  • the glass fiber bundle 2 then passes through the delivery unit 5 and then through a humidification device 11.
  • the glass fiber bundle can be impregnated with water through the moistening device 11.
  • An accompanying fiber bundle 7 is drawn off overhead from the supply spool 6 by means of delivery unit 8.
  • a moistening device 12 connects to the delivery unit 8.
  • the accompanying fiber bundle can also be saturated with water in the moistening device 12.
  • the glass fiber bundle hereinafter also referred to as the main fiber bundle, is then guided into the texturing nozzle 10 together with the companion fiber bundle, which consists of thermoplastic material and withdrawn together from the texturing nozzle by means of delivery unit 13 as total thread 14 by delivery unit 13.
  • the entire thread is then passed through a convection heater 15.
  • the convection heating device 15 has above all a heating tube 16 through which the entire thread 14 is guided.
  • the heating tube 16 is heated from the outside.
  • the entire thread 14 is withdrawn from the heating device 15 by the delivery mechanism 17.
  • the entire thread 14 is then wound up into a bobbin 20.
  • the winding device is only shown schematically and consists of the drive roller 21, which drives the bobbin 20 on its circumference, a reversing thread shaft 18 and a traversing thread guide 19, which guides the entire thread back and forth along the bobbin, and a drive motor 22 for the drive roller 21. All driven parts of the device, that is to say the drive roller 3, the delivery mechanism 5, the delivery mechanism 8, the delivery mechanism 13, the delivery mechanism 17, the drive roller 21 can be driven at a selectable speed. Depending on the design of the respective drives, adjustable gears or adjustable frequency transmitters 9, 23, 24, 25, 26 are provided for this purpose.
  • the delivery mechanism 5 prevents the resulting fluctuations in the tensile force of the glass fiber bundle 2 from continuing into the texturing nozzle 10.
  • the speed ratio between the delivery unit 5 in front of the texturing nozzle and the delivery unit 13 behind the texturing nozzle sets the thread tension with which the glass fiber bundle 2 is guided through the texturing nozzle 10.
  • the glass fiber bundle which is the main fiber bundle
  • the texturing nozzle 10 under relatively great tension. This prevents the air forces which act on the main fiber bundle in the texturing nozzle 10 from increasing Deformation of the filaments. This is advantageous because the inorganic fibers of the main fiber bundle are not very suitable for absorbing transverse forces. It is therefore important that they essentially maintain their alignment in the longitudinal direction of the thread.
  • the speed ratio between the delivery unit 8 in front and the delivery unit 13 behind the texturing nozzle determines the thread tension with which the thermoplastic accompanying thread 7 is guided into the texturing nozzle 10 and mixed with the main fiber bundle 2.
  • the delivery speed of the delivery unit 8 is preferably greater than the take-off speed of the delivery unit 13. This ensures that the filaments of the accompanying fiber bundle are subjected to a change of place by the air forces and form arches which penetrate the main fiber bundle. With an even greater delivery speed 8 relative to the take-off speed 13, it is also achieved that the air forces also lead to the filaments of the accompanying fiber bundle forming loops, loops which penetrate the main fiber bundle.
  • the delivery ratio of the delivery speed 8 to the take-off speed 13
  • the texturing nozzle 10 can be a swirling nozzle, as is usually used for the production of air-textured yarns (exemplary embodiments, for example in: “Textile Practice” 1969, p. 515 (Lünensch Stamm et al .: “Texturing of chemical threads in an air stream”)).
  • Tangel nozzle which is only used to make knots.
  • Exemplary embodiments of such nozzles result, for example, from CH-A-415 939 (DuPont).
  • the entire thread 14 is removed from the texturing zone by the delivery mechanism 13 at a uniform speed.
  • the main thread is preferably fed into the texturing zone with only a small overdelivery, which is between 0 and 5%.
  • the thermoplastic thread has a tradition between 10 and 100%. Because the glass thread runs fairly tight through the texturing nozzle 10, the air forces are not sufficient to completely dissolve the glass thread. Rather, only the outer filaments cause changes of place. The consequence of this is that the filaments of the thermoplastic accompanying thread are only interwoven or blown in any other way with these glass filaments which change places. The filaments of the thermoplastic accompanying thread therefore lay around the glass thread in the manner of a sheath.
  • the speed ratio between the feed mechanism 13 and the feed mechanism 17 determines the thread tension of the entire thread in the heating tube 16.
  • the temperature of the heating tube 16 is set so high that the polymer of the companion fiber bundle at least shrinks, preferably also softens. Due to the heat shrinkage of the polymer, the fiber pieces of the filaments of the companion fiber bundle, which lie transversely to the thread axis, i.e. the loops, loops, arches and the like, compact the outer cross section of the entire thread. At the same time, especially the filament pieces that protrude beyond the outer surface of the entire thread are softened. As a result, these filament pieces permanently bind the filaments of the main fiber bundle. Furthermore, the vibrations of the entire fiber bundle in the heating tube result in contact with the heating tube 16 on all areas of the circumference of the entire fiber bundle.
  • the polymer filaments projecting beyond the circumference of the overall thread come to the surface of the Total thread "ironed". This also increases the involvement. It cannot be ruled out and it is not only harmless, but in special cases it is also desirable that the temperature of the heating tube is so high that the polymer filament pieces that protrude above the surface of the entire thread melt.
  • the temperature of the heating tube can also be above the melting temperature of the polymer. It must only be avoided that the polymer is destroyed by the action of temperature.
  • the entire fiber bundle is led through the heating tube with a relatively high tension. This means that the take-off speed of the feed mechanism 17 is slightly higher, equal or slightly less than the feed speed of the feed mechanism 13. If the feed mechanism 13 is advanced by 0 to 5%, it is still ensured that the entire thread is under sufficient tension, whereby the shrinking forces can have an impact especially in the transverse direction.
  • the invention has the advantage over the known air jet treatment of the glass fiber bundle that the glass fiber bundle does not participate or only takes part to a small extent in the change of location. Therefore, in contrast to the known air jet treatment, there is little or no loss of strength.
  • Inorganic e.g. Glass threads that have a kind of sheath made of thermoplastic material. They are therefore very suitable for further processing and have a good connection to the material matrix, especially in fiber-reinforced materials. When manufacturing sheet-like structures such as fabrics or the like, it is possible to wash out the polymer component again using solvents.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft das Verfahren zum Herstellen eines multifilen, anorganischen Fadens nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie einen faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoff.The invention relates to the method for producing a multifilament, inorganic thread according to the preamble of claim 1 and a fiber-reinforced composite material.

Dieses Verfahren ist bekannt und üblich zur Herstellung von Fäden mit Glasfaserseele. Bei diesem üblichen Verfahren wird ein Hauptfaserbündel aus den anorganischen Glasfasern durch einen Begleitfaden aus thermoplastischem Material, z.B. Polyamid, Polyäthylen, Polypropylen, umwickelt. Ein derartiges Verfahren erfordert einen hohen apparativen Aufwand und ist dabei langsam und kostspielig.This method is known and customary for the production of threads with a glass fiber core. In this conventional method, a main fiber bundle made of the inorganic glass fibers is replaced by a guide made of thermoplastic material, e.g. Polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, wrapped. Such a method requires a lot of equipment and is slow and expensive.

Um ein Glasfasergarn mit möglichst rundem, kompaktem Querschnitt herzustellen, ist es durch US-A-4,307,497 auch bekannt, das Garn in einer Luftdüse zu behandeln und dabei mit einem Falschzwirn alternierender Richtung zu versehen. Ferner wird dabei das Garn mit einer Binderflüssigkeit behandelt, wobei das Garn anschließend noch bei Temperaturen von 425° bis 650 °C erhitzt und dadurch der Binder eingetrocknet wird. Der Binder ist bei der Weiterverarbeitung störend bzw. muß nach der Weiterverarbeitung des Glasfadens zu einem Flächengebilde, z.B. Gewebe, ausgewaschen werden.In order to produce a glass fiber yarn with a round, compact cross-section, it is also known from US-A-4,307,497 to treat the yarn in an air nozzle and to provide it with a false twist alternating direction. In addition, the yarn is treated with a binder liquid, the yarn subsequently being heated at temperatures of 425 ° to 650 ° C. and the binder being thereby dried. The binder is troublesome during further processing or must be made into a flat structure after the further processing of the glass thread, e.g. Tissue to be washed out.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, das Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 so fortzubilden, daß ein sofort gebrauchsfähiger anorganischer Faden mit möglichst rundem und kompaktem Querschnitt in einem schnellen und bezüglich der erforderlichen technischen Einrichtungen wenig aufwendigen Verfahren hergestellt werden kann.The object of the invention is to develop the method according to the preamble of claim 1 so that an immediately usable inorganic thread with a round and compact cross-section as possible can be produced in a fast and relatively inexpensive process with regard to the technical equipment required.

Die Lösung ergibt sich aus dem Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1.The solution results from the characterizing part of claim 1.

Durch die Maßnahme nach Anspruch 2 kann vermieden werden, daß das Hauptfaserbündel bei Zugbelastung auch Querkräften ausgesetzt wird, die insbesondere bei Glasfäden und Kohlestoffäden zum Bruch führen.By the measure according to claim 2 it can be avoided that the main fiber bundle is also subjected to transverse forces when subjected to tensile loads, which lead to breakage in particular with glass threads and carbon fibers.

Die nach der Erfindung vorgesehene Erhitzung des kombinierten Faserbündels kann nach dem Aufwickeln oder vor dem Aufwickeln in einer weiteren zwischengeschalteten Verfahrensstufe erfolgen. Durch das Erhitzen schrumpfen die Fasern des thermoplastischen Begleitfaserbündels, wobei sie gleichzeitig anschmelzen und sich an die Oberfläche des Hauptfaserbündels anlegen. Hierdurch erhalten die Fasern des Hauptfaserbündels einen Zusammenhalt und werden gleichzeitig in einem im wesentlichen runden, kompakten Querschnitt festgelegt. Je nach Höhe der Temperatur schmelzen die thermoplastischen Fasern des Begleitfaserbündels auch zumindest an ihrer Oberfläche. Dadurch wird der Zusammenhalt des Hauptfaserbündels verstärkt und außerdem bilden die thermoplastischen Fasern eine Schutzschicht, die die empfindlichen anorganischen Fasern schützt.The heating of the combined fiber bundle provided according to the invention can take place after winding up or before winding up in a further intermediate process step. The fibers of the thermoplastic companion fiber bundle shrink as a result of the heating, and at the same time they melt and attach themselves to the surface of the main fiber bundle. As a result, the fibers of the main fiber bundle are held together and at the same time are fixed in an essentially round, compact cross section. Depending on the temperature, the thermoplastic fibers of the accompanying fiber bundle also melt at least on their surface. This strengthens the cohesion of the main fiber bundle and also the thermoplastic fibers form a protective layer that protects the sensitive inorganic fibers.

Eine besonders dichte, kompakte Lage der Fasern des Hauptfaserbündels läßt sich auch dadurch erzielen, daß das kombinierte Faserbündel mit Spannung durch die Heizzone geführt wird.A particularly dense, compact position of the fibers of the main fiber bundle can also be achieved by leading the combined fiber bundle through the heating zone with tension.

Bei der Herstellung von faserverstärkten Verbundkörpern, die aus einer Matrix mit Fasereinlage bestehen, besteht ein Problem darin, eine gute Haftung zwischen Matrixmaterial und Verstärkungsfasern zu erzielen. Die Haftung zwischen anorganischen Fasern und der Matrix ist häufig unzulänglich, wenn das Matrixmaterial unter Biege- oder Zugbelastung steht.One problem with the production of fiber-reinforced composite bodies, which consist of a matrix with fiber insert, is to achieve good adhesion between the matrix material and the reinforcing fibers. The adhesion between inorganic fibers and the matrix is often inadequate when the matrix material is under bending or tensile stress.

Dieses Problem wird in einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung nach den Ansprüchen 4 und 5 gelöst, indem zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Verbundkörpers multifile, anorganische Fäden nach dieser Erfindung verwandt werden. Insofern liegt der Vorteil der Erfindung darin, daß durch die Fasern des thermoplastischen Begleitfaserbündels eine Modifizierung der Oberfläche des Hauptfaserbündels eintritt, wobei die thermoplastischen Fasern eine gute Haftung vermitteln. Das gilt insbesondere für Verbundwerkstoffe, deren Matrix ein Duroplast oder Thermoplast ist. Es kann sich dabei z.B. um Leiterplatten, Wärmeschutzplatten, Schleifscheiben und sämtliche faserverstärkten Kunststoffteile handeln.This problem is solved in a development of the invention according to claims 4 and 5 by using multifilament, inorganic threads according to this invention for the production of a fiber-reinforced composite body. In this respect, the advantage of the invention is that the fibers of the thermoplastic companion fiber bundle modify the surface of the main fiber bundle, the thermoplastic fibers imparting good adhesion. This applies in particular to composite materials whose matrix is a thermoset or thermoplastic. It can e.g. are printed circuit boards, heat protection plates, grinding wheels and all fiber-reinforced plastic parts.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels dargestellt.The invention is illustrated below using an exemplary embodiment.

Die Zeichnung zeigt schematisch eine Vorrichtung zur Ausübung des Verfahrens. Als anorganischer, multifiler Faden wird ein Chemiefaserbündel behandelt.The drawing shows schematically an apparatus for performing the method. A chemical fiber bundle is treated as an inorganic, multifilament thread.

Von der Vorlagespule 1 wird das Glasfaserbündel 2 abgewikkelt. Hierzu wird die Vorlagespule an ihrem Umfang durch eine Antriebswalze 3 mit Antriebsmotor 4 angetrieben. Das Glasfaserbündel 2 durchläuft sodann das Lieferwerk 5 und daran anschließend eine Befeuchtungseinrichtung 11. Durch Befeuchtungseinrichtung 11 kann das Glasfaserbündel mit Wasser durchtränkt werden.The glass fiber bundle 2 is unwound from the supply spool 1. For this purpose, the supply spool is driven on its circumference by a drive roller 3 with a drive motor 4. The glass fiber bundle 2 then passes through the delivery unit 5 and then through a humidification device 11. The glass fiber bundle can be impregnated with water through the moistening device 11.

Von der Vorlagespule 6 wird ein Begleitfaserbündel 7 mittels Lieferwerk 8 über Kopf abgezogen. An das Lieferwerk 8 schließt sich eine Befeuchtungseinrichtung 12 an. In der Befeuchtungseinrichtung 12 kann das Begleitfaserbündel ebenfalls mit Wasser durchtränkt werden. Das Glasfaserbündel, im folgenden auch Hauptfaserbündel genannt, wird sodann gemeinsam mit dem Begleitfaserbündel, welches aus thermoplastischem Material besteht, in die Texturierdüse 10 geführt und mittels Lieferwerk 13 gemeinsam als Gesamtfaden 14 durch Lieferwerk 13 aus der Texturierdüse abgezogen. Der Gesamtfaden wird sodann durch eine Konvektionsheizeinrichtung 15 geführt. Die Konvektionsheizeinrichtung 15 weist vor allem ein Heizrohr 16 auf, durch welches der Gesamtfaden 14 geführt wird. Das Heizrohr 16 ist von außen beheizt. Der Gesamtfaden 14 wird aus der Heizeinrichtung 15 durch Lieferwerk 17 abgezogen. Anschließend wird der Gesamtfaden 14 zu einer Spule 20 aufgespult. Die Aufspuleinrichtung ist lediglich schematisch dargestellt und besteht aus der Antriebswalze 21, die die Spule 20 an ihrem Umfang antreibt, einer Kehrgewindewelle 18 und einem Changierfadenführer 19, welcher den Gesamtfaden längs der Spule hin- und herführt, und einem Antriebsmotor 22 für die Antriebswalze 21. Alle angetriebenen Teile der Vorrichtung, also die Antriebswalze 3, das Lieferwerk 5, das Lieferwerk 8, das Lieferwerk 13, das Lieferwerk 17, die Antriebswalze 21 können mit wählbarer Geschwindigkeit angetrieben werden. Hierzu sind je nach Auslegung der jeweiligen Antriebe einstellbare Getriebe oder einstellbare Frequenzgeber 9, 23, 24, 25, 26 vorgesehen. Durch Einstellung des Drehzahlverhältnisses zwischen der Antriebswalze 3 und dem Lieferwerk 5 wird gewährleistet, daß das Glasfaserbündel sicher von der Vorlagespule 1 abgezogen wird. Durch das Lieferwerk 5 wird vermieden, daß sich die dabei entstehenden Zugkraftschwankungen des Glasfaserbündels 2 bis in die Texturierdüse 10 fortsetzen.An accompanying fiber bundle 7 is drawn off overhead from the supply spool 6 by means of delivery unit 8. A moistening device 12 connects to the delivery unit 8. The accompanying fiber bundle can also be saturated with water in the moistening device 12. The glass fiber bundle, hereinafter also referred to as the main fiber bundle, is then guided into the texturing nozzle 10 together with the companion fiber bundle, which consists of thermoplastic material and withdrawn together from the texturing nozzle by means of delivery unit 13 as total thread 14 by delivery unit 13. The entire thread is then passed through a convection heater 15. The convection heating device 15 has above all a heating tube 16 through which the entire thread 14 is guided. The heating tube 16 is heated from the outside. The entire thread 14 is withdrawn from the heating device 15 by the delivery mechanism 17. The entire thread 14 is then wound up into a bobbin 20. The winding device is only shown schematically and consists of the drive roller 21, which drives the bobbin 20 on its circumference, a reversing thread shaft 18 and a traversing thread guide 19, which guides the entire thread back and forth along the bobbin, and a drive motor 22 for the drive roller 21. All driven parts of the device, that is to say the drive roller 3, the delivery mechanism 5, the delivery mechanism 8, the delivery mechanism 13, the delivery mechanism 17, the drive roller 21 can be driven at a selectable speed. Depending on the design of the respective drives, adjustable gears or adjustable frequency transmitters 9, 23, 24, 25, 26 are provided for this purpose. By adjusting the speed ratio between the drive roller 3 and the delivery mechanism 5, it is ensured that the glass fiber bundle is safely removed from the supply spool 1. The delivery mechanism 5 prevents the resulting fluctuations in the tensile force of the glass fiber bundle 2 from continuing into the texturing nozzle 10.

Durch das Drehzahlverhältnis zwischen dem Lieferwerk 5 vor der Texturierdüse und dem Lieferwerk 13 hinter der Texturierdüse wird die Fadenspannung eingestellt, mit der das Glasfaserbündel 2 durch die Texturierdüse 10 geführt wird. In einer bevorzugten Ausführung des Verfahrens wird das Glasfaserbündel, welches das Hauptfaserbündel ist, unter relativ großer Spannung durch die Texturierdüse 10 geführt. Dadurch wird vermieden, daß die Luftkräfte, die in der Texturierdüse 10 an dem Hauptfaserbündel angreifen, zu Deformierungen der Filamente führen. Das ist vorteilhaft, weil die anorganischen Fasern des Hauptfaserbündels wenig geeignet sind, Querkräfte aufzunehmen. Es kommt daher darauf an, daß sie ihre Ausrichtung in der Längsrichtung des Fadens im wesentlichen beibehalten.The speed ratio between the delivery unit 5 in front of the texturing nozzle and the delivery unit 13 behind the texturing nozzle sets the thread tension with which the glass fiber bundle 2 is guided through the texturing nozzle 10. In a preferred embodiment of the method, the glass fiber bundle, which is the main fiber bundle, is guided through the texturing nozzle 10 under relatively great tension. This prevents the air forces which act on the main fiber bundle in the texturing nozzle 10 from increasing Deformation of the filaments. This is advantageous because the inorganic fibers of the main fiber bundle are not very suitable for absorbing transverse forces. It is therefore important that they essentially maintain their alignment in the longitudinal direction of the thread.

Das Drehzahlverhältnis zwischen dem Lieferwerk 8 vor und dem Lieferwerk 13 hinter der Texturierdüse bestimmt die Fadenspannung, mit der der thermoplastische Begleitfaden 7 in die Texturierdüse 10 geführt und mit dem Hauptfaserbündel 2 vermischt wird. Dabei ist die Liefergeschwindigkeit des Lieferwerks 8 bevorzugt größer als die Abzugsgeschwindigkeit des Lieferwerks 13. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß die Filamente des Begleitfaserbündels durch die Luftkräfte einem Platzwechsel unterworfen werden und Bögen bilden, die das Hauptfaserbündel durchdringen. Bei noch größerer Zuliefergeschwindigkeit 8 relativ zur Abzugsgeschwindigkeit 13 wird überdies erreicht, daß die Luftkräfte auch dazu führen, daß die Filamente des Begleitfaserbündels Schlingen, Schlaufen bilden, welche das Hauptfaserbündel durchdringen. Durch Einstellung der Überlieferung (Verhältnis der Zuliefergeschwindigkeit 8 zur Abzugsgeschwindigkeit 13) kann zudem bestimmt werden, wie weit Stücke dieser Schlingen, Schlaufen, Bögen über den Querschnitt des Hauptfaserbündels hinausragen.The speed ratio between the delivery unit 8 in front and the delivery unit 13 behind the texturing nozzle determines the thread tension with which the thermoplastic accompanying thread 7 is guided into the texturing nozzle 10 and mixed with the main fiber bundle 2. The delivery speed of the delivery unit 8 is preferably greater than the take-off speed of the delivery unit 13. This ensures that the filaments of the accompanying fiber bundle are subjected to a change of place by the air forces and form arches which penetrate the main fiber bundle. With an even greater delivery speed 8 relative to the take-off speed 13, it is also achieved that the air forces also lead to the filaments of the accompanying fiber bundle forming loops, loops which penetrate the main fiber bundle. By adjusting the delivery (ratio of the delivery speed 8 to the take-off speed 13) it can also be determined how far pieces of these loops, loops, bows protrude beyond the cross section of the main fiber bundle.

Bei der Texturierdüse 10 kann es sich um eine Verwirbelungsdüse handeln, wie sie üblicherweise zur Herstellung von lufttexturierten Garnen verwandt wird (Ausführungsbeispiele z.B. in: "Textilpraxis" 1969, S. 515 (Lünenschloß u.a.: "Texturierung von Chemiefäden im Luftstrom")).The texturing nozzle 10 can be a swirling nozzle, as is usually used for the production of air-textured yarns (exemplary embodiments, for example in: "Textile Practice" 1969, p. 515 (Lünenschloß et al .: "Texturing of chemical threads in an air stream")).

Es kann sich aber auch um eine sog. Tangeldüse handeln, die lediglich zur Herstellung von Verknotungen dient. Ausführungsbeispiele derartiger Düsen ergeben sich z.B. aus der CH-A-415 939 (DuPont).However, it can also be a so-called Tangel nozzle, which is only used to make knots. Exemplary embodiments of such nozzles result, for example, from CH-A-415 939 (DuPont).

Wie bereits erwähnt, wird der Gesamtfaden 14 mit einer einheitlichen Geschwindigkeit aus der Texturierzone durch Lieferwerk 13 abgeführt. Vorzugsweise wird der Hauptfaden mit nur geringer Überlieferung, die zwischen 0 bis 5% beträgt, in die Texturierzone geführt. Der thermoplastische Faden hat gleichzeitig eine Überlieferung zwischen 10 und 100%. Dadurch, daß der Glasfaden ziemlich stramm durch die Texturierdüse 10 läuft, reichen die Luftkräfte nicht aus, den Glasfaden vollständig aufzulösen. Vielmehr werden nur in den äußeren Filamenten Platzwechselerscheinungen hervorgerufen. Das hat zur Folge, daß die Filamente des thermoplastischen Begleitfadens nur mit diesen Glasfilamenten, die einen Platzwechsel durchführen, verflochten oder in sonstiger Weise verblasen werden. Daher legen sich die Filamente des thermoplastischen Begleitfadens nach Art eines Mantels um den Glasfaden herum.As already mentioned, the entire thread 14 is removed from the texturing zone by the delivery mechanism 13 at a uniform speed. The main thread is preferably fed into the texturing zone with only a small overdelivery, which is between 0 and 5%. The thermoplastic thread has a tradition between 10 and 100%. Because the glass thread runs fairly tight through the texturing nozzle 10, the air forces are not sufficient to completely dissolve the glass thread. Rather, only the outer filaments cause changes of place. The consequence of this is that the filaments of the thermoplastic accompanying thread are only interwoven or blown in any other way with these glass filaments which change places. The filaments of the thermoplastic accompanying thread therefore lay around the glass thread in the manner of a sheath.

Das Drehzahlverhältnis zwischen dem Lieferwerk 13 und dem Lieferwerk 17 bestimmt die Fadenspannung des Gesamtfadens in dem Heizrohr 16.The speed ratio between the feed mechanism 13 and the feed mechanism 17 determines the thread tension of the entire thread in the heating tube 16.

Die Temperatur des Heizrohres 16 wird so hoch eingestellt, daß das Polymer des Begleitfaserbündels zumindest schrumpft, vorzugsweise auch erweicht. Durch die bei Hitze auftretende Schrumpfung des Polymers bewirken die Faserstücke der Filamente des Begleitfaserbündels, welche quer zur Fadenachse liegen, also die Schlingen, Schlaufen, Bögen und dgl., eine Kompaktierung des Ouerschnitts des Gesamtfadens. Gleichzeitig werden vor allem die Filamentstücke, die über die Außenoberfläche des Gesamtfadens hinausragen, erweicht. Dadurch binden diese Filamentstücke die Filamente des Hauptfaserbündels dauerhaft ein. Ferner entsteht durch die Schwingungen des Gesamtfaserbündels im Heizrohr auf allen Bereichen des Umfangs des Gesamtfaserbündels Kontakt mit dem Heizrohr 16. Dadurch werden die über den Umfang des Gesamtfadens hinausstehenden Polymerfilamente an die Oberfläche des Gesamtfadens "angebügelt". Auch hierdurch wird die Einbindung verstärkt. Dabei kann es nicht ausgeschlossen werden und es ist nicht nur unschädlich, sondern in besonderen Fällen auch erwünscht, daß die Temperatur des Heizrohres so hoch ist, daß es zum Schmelzen der Polymerfilamentstücke, die über die Oberfläche des Gesamtfadens hinausragen, kommt. Die Temperatur des Heizrohres kann auch über der Schmelztemperatur des Polymers liegen. Es muß lediglich vermieden werden, daß es durch Temperatureinwirkung zur Zerstörung des Polymers kommt.The temperature of the heating tube 16 is set so high that the polymer of the companion fiber bundle at least shrinks, preferably also softens. Due to the heat shrinkage of the polymer, the fiber pieces of the filaments of the companion fiber bundle, which lie transversely to the thread axis, i.e. the loops, loops, arches and the like, compact the outer cross section of the entire thread. At the same time, especially the filament pieces that protrude beyond the outer surface of the entire thread are softened. As a result, these filament pieces permanently bind the filaments of the main fiber bundle. Furthermore, the vibrations of the entire fiber bundle in the heating tube result in contact with the heating tube 16 on all areas of the circumference of the entire fiber bundle. As a result, the polymer filaments projecting beyond the circumference of the overall thread come to the surface of the Total thread "ironed". This also increases the involvement. It cannot be ruled out and it is not only harmless, but in special cases it is also desirable that the temperature of the heating tube is so high that the polymer filament pieces that protrude above the surface of the entire thread melt. The temperature of the heating tube can also be above the melting temperature of the polymer. It must only be avoided that the polymer is destroyed by the action of temperature.

Das Gesamtfaserbündel wird mit einer relativ hohen Spannung durch das Heizrohr geführt. Das heißt, daß die Abzugsgeschwindigkeit des Lieferwerks 17 geringfügig höher, gleich oder geringfügig kleiner ist als die Zuführgeschwindigkeit des Lieferwerks 13. Bei einer Voreilung des Lieferwerks 13 von 0 bis 5% ist noch gewährleistet, daß der Gesamtfaden unter einer ausreichenden Spannung steht, wobei sich die Schrumpfkräfte vor allem in Querrichtung auswirken können.The entire fiber bundle is led through the heating tube with a relatively high tension. This means that the take-off speed of the feed mechanism 17 is slightly higher, equal or slightly less than the feed speed of the feed mechanism 13. If the feed mechanism 13 is advanced by 0 to 5%, it is still ensured that the entire thread is under sufficient tension, whereby the shrinking forces can have an impact especially in the transverse direction.

Durch Einstellung der Geschwindigkeit der Antriebswalze 21 können weiche oder harte Spulen hergestellt werden.By adjusting the speed of the drive roller 21, soft or hard coils can be produced.

Die Erfindung hat gegenüber der bekannten Luftstrahlbehandlung des Glasfaserbündels den Vorteil, daß das Glasfaserbündel nicht oder nur in geringem Maße an den Platzwechselerscheinungen teilnimmt. Daher tritt im Gegensatz zu der bekannten Luftstrahlbehandlung kein bzw. nur ein geringer Festigkeitsverlust ein. Durch die Erfindung entstehen anorganische, z.B. Glas-Fäden, die eine Art Ummantelung aus thermoplastischem Material besitzen. Sie eignen sich daher sehr gut für die Weiterverarbeitung und haben insbesondere in faserverstärkten Werkstoffen eine gute Verbindung mit der Werkstoffmatrix. Bei Herstellung von Flächengebilden wie Geweben oder dgl. ist es möglich, die Polymerkomponente durch Lösungsmittel wieder auszuwaschen.The invention has the advantage over the known air jet treatment of the glass fiber bundle that the glass fiber bundle does not participate or only takes part to a small extent in the change of location. Therefore, in contrast to the known air jet treatment, there is little or no loss of strength. Inorganic, e.g. Glass threads that have a kind of sheath made of thermoplastic material. They are therefore very suitable for further processing and have a good connection to the material matrix, especially in fiber-reinforced materials. When manufacturing sheet-like structures such as fabrics or the like, it is possible to wash out the polymer component again using solvents.

Claims (5)

  1. A method of manufacturing a multifilament, inorganic yarn by joining together the inorganic fibres, more particularly glass fibres, carbon fibres, metal fibres, of a main fibre bundle by means of an accompanying fibre bundle made of continuous thermoplastic fibres, characterised in that the main fibre bundle is conveyed together with the non-tensioned accompanying fibre bundle through the turbulence zone of a gas nozzle, where it is blown by gas jets and/or gas vortices in such a manner that fibres of the accompanying fibre bundle penetrate the main fibre bundle in sections in the form of loops, arcs and the like and are mixed with the main fibre bundle, and the combined fibre bundle is then heated at a sufficiently high temperature for the softening of the accompanying fibre bundle.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the main fibre bundle is conveyed under tension through the turbulence zone.
  3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the combined fibre bundle is conveyed under tension through the heating zone.
  4. A fibre-reinforced composite material, characterised by reinforcing threads comprising a multifilament, inorganic main fibre bundle, which is connected with a thermoplastic accompanying fibre bundle in such a manner that fibres of the accompanying fibre bundle penetrate the main fibre bundle in the form of loops, arcs and the like and are mixed into the main fibre bundle, and fibres of the accompanying fibre bundle lie in the form of loops, arcs and the like on the surface of the main fibre bundle and enclose said main fibre bundle.
  5. A method for manufacturing a fibre-reinforced composite element, characterised by the use of a glass yarn, carbon yarn or metal yarn manufactured according to claims 1 to 3.
EP89109563A 1988-06-01 1989-05-26 Method for making an inorganic multifilament yarn Expired - Lifetime EP0344650B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3818606A DE3818606A1 (en) 1988-06-01 1988-06-01 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MULTIFILE, INORGANIC THREAD
DE3818606 1988-06-01

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EP0344650A2 EP0344650A2 (en) 1989-12-06
EP0344650A3 EP0344650A3 (en) 1990-09-26
EP0344650B1 true EP0344650B1 (en) 1992-12-02

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4013946A1 (en) * 1990-04-30 1991-10-31 Hoechst Ag TWISTED MULTIFILAMENT YARN FROM HIGH MODULAR SINGLE FILAMENTS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A YARN
EP0579082B1 (en) * 1992-07-10 1998-08-26 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Method for thermally processing moving yarns and apparatus for carrying out this process
DE59309821D1 (en) * 1992-08-26 1999-11-11 Hoechst Ag Fine tied two-component loop yarns of high strength, process for their production and their use as sewing threads and embroidery threads
EP1108806A1 (en) * 1999-12-14 2001-06-20 Andreas Bodmer Airjet texturing or intermingling of multifilament-monofilament hybrid yarn
DE102020105167A1 (en) 2020-02-27 2021-09-02 Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung e. V. Rudolstadt Method for producing a hybrid yarn

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB916293A (en) * 1960-07-26 1963-01-23 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Improvements in or relating to the production of core yarns
US2985995A (en) * 1960-11-08 1961-05-30 Du Pont Compact interlaced yarn
FR1302030A (en) * 1961-07-26 1962-08-24 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Improvements in the manufacture of core wires

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EP0344650A3 (en) 1990-09-26
ES2036297T3 (en) 1993-05-16
EP0344650A2 (en) 1989-12-06
DE58902859D1 (en) 1993-01-14
DE3818606A1 (en) 1989-12-14

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