DE102007028373A1 - Fiber composite for use in multiple area of machine and plant construction, aeronautical and aerospace industry and in medical sector and sport device production, comprises reinforcement structure and matrix component - Google Patents

Abstract

The fiber composite comprises reinforcement structures (4,5) and a matrix component or material. The reinforcement structure is made of multi-component hybrid yarn (1), which has a reinforcement component or material and a property-modifying component or material. The intensity of the property of a category A or B is modified by adding the modifying component to the reinforcement component or the reinforcement component and the matrix component. The mechanical properties of the category A, e.g. tensile, bending, compression and shear properties are usually determined in the static tests. The mechanical properties, i.e. dynamic properties of category B, e.g. impact and shock properties are determined based on a multiaxial loading. Thus the homogeneous distribution of all components on the surface of the reinforcement structure and the size of the composite are predetermined. An independent claim is also included for a method for producing the fiber composite, which involves producing a reinforcement structure, which is made of multi-component hybrid yarn, which has a reinforcement component and a characteristic-modifying component, and introducing a matrix component provided with a specified volume fraction.

Description

The The invention relates to a fiber composite material and a method for the production of fiber composites consisting of a reinforcing structure multi-component hybrid yarn comprising at least one reinforcing component and contains at least one property-modifying component, and a matrix component having a predetermined volume fraction consists of being between matrix material, reinforcing material and property-modifying material property-defining Form interfacial structures and mechanical properties Category A and Category B mechanical properties available.

Composites come in numerous areas of mechanical and plant engineering, the Aerospace, medical and as well sports equipment manufacturing for use.

The Properties of a component made of fiber composite material are by the material composition, by the geometric structure of the reinforcing structure, by the nature of the reinforcing fiber - short fiber or continuous fiber -, through the textile structure - fleece, Fabric, knitted fabric, etc. -, through the process parameters during consolidation as well as component geometry.

The Fiber composites of the invention include to the group of long fiber reinforced, endless fiber reinforced Plastic composites, whose property influence by the material composition for the two subgroups thermoplastics and thermosets equally usable.

The Adjustment of the mechanical properties by the material composition a fiber composite material is thereby essentially by the Factors reinforcing material - material as well Thread and reinforcement structure -, matrix material - material -, Interface design between reinforcing and matrix material and fiber volume fraction determined.

conventional can the mechanical properties of a fiber composite material into the two categories of properties A for uniaxial stress and the properties B in multiaxial stress. Here belong to the property category A mainly the tensile, bending, compression and thrust properties of static, act quasi-static or dynamic stress. To the property category B belong to the high-speed and dynamic Stressing properties, such as the crash, impact and impact properties of fiber composites.

The problem in the targeted modification of the mechanical properties of a fiber composite material from a concrete gain and matrix pairing by appropriate measures is that the property categories A and B can not be set independently. Even according to the prior art, there is a great deal of dependence between the properties as shown in FIG 2 . 2a is shown.

at a conventional targeted increase in properties Category A also changes the characteristics of Category B tends to be low-end properties, there for those with crash, impact and impact loads aspired high energy absorption other mechanisms of action necessary are, for. As a successive inter- and intralaminar composite failure. An interpretation of the compounds in the direction of improved properties the category B, z. B. by increasing in the direction of the composite thickness oriented reinforcing fiber content, results in usually a deterioration of the properties of the category A.

A independent modification of the properties of a base material by additional substances is currently only in metallic Materials known. For metallic materials, eg. As steel, can through the targeted mixing of chemical elements in the melt such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, etc. the properties of Base material steel adapted to the requirements and different Properties adjusted largely independently become. One such approach is in the manufacture of fiber composites currently only possible via the modification of the matrix, being an independent setting of the property categories A and B can not be realized.

One Addition of additional, mechanical properties the categories A and / or B affecting materials independently of The matrix can currently be used on fiber composite materials at various levels Because of done so z. At sheet plane level - processing by itself with regard to the fiber composite material or the thread construction distinctive reinforcing threads to a reinforcing sheet - or on preform level - processing of different Materials existing reinforcing sheets to a textile preform.

The mechanical properties of categories A and / or B of conventional fiber composites are substantially affected by the starting materials, the reinforcing structure provided by the material and the assembly, and the matrix through which Boundary layer between the two materials and by the fiber or the matrix volume fraction. In most cases, the integration of additional components for influencing the material properties by the use of separate threads on fabric level or separate semi-finished reinforcement on preform level of another material in the made of a reinforcing material, eg. As glass, aramid or carbon, existing reinforcing structure.

For the production of high mechanical composite properties, a homogeneous distribution of the reinforcing and the matrix component is an indispensable prerequisite during the production of composites when using thermoplastic matrices, due to the generally high viscosity of the melt. This homogeneous distribution must already take place in the reinforcing structure, for. B. in the thread, in the sliver or in the non-woven fabric or in the fiber mat. The possibility of achieving a homogeneous distribution of a reinforcing and a matrix component in the thread is in some so-called hybrid yarns in the references EP 0 616 055 A1 and EP 0 717 133 81 described.

In the in the publication EP 0 616 055 A1 Yarn described herein is a hybrid yarn made by simultaneously spinning and combining a reinforcing and a matrix component. The admixing of a third component or a second non-fusible component is not provided.

Also in the publication EP 0 717 133 B1 hybrid yarn variants described are pure two-component hybrid yarns consisting of a reinforcing and a matrix component, which are manufactured using the air texture technology.

A process for the preparation of three-component yarns is in the document of Paul, Ch .; Choi, B. -D .: Offermann, P .: Development of Hybrid Yarn's Compressed Multiple Multiple Reinforcement Components, poster presentation at the Fiber Society Spring Conference 2005 , May 2005, in which thermoplastic composites with a special gradient behavior are generated. This means that the force-strain behavior of the individual components is to be transferred to the composite material in such a way that the material has two different property ranges as a function of the load, specifically two regions with linear force-strain increase (modulus of elasticity constant). The below 3 shows this by way of example of qualitative force-displacement curves for tensile tests on different composite materials.

While the dash-continuous curves in 3 for z. B. with respect to the reinforcing structure or the fiber content in the composite different GF / PP tests without gradient behavior, the dashed curve shows a GF / PP composite with a third component, which causes the mentioned gradient behavior. This composite in 3 indicates at the beginning of a deformation a nearly constant high modulus of elasticity (steep force increase) and after a transitional range from a certain stress level (range of higher elongation), the deformation behavior changes to a nearly constant low modulus of elasticity (flat force increase). This is to avoid a catastrophic failure of the compounds in case of overuse.

The Problems of the known solution are that the Influencing the mechanical properties of thermosetting and thermosetting plastics Fiber composites via the integration of separate threads or separate fabrics of a different material in the composite due to the inhomogeneous component distribution over the area and / or the thickness to local Inhomogeneities or poor composite quality, z. B. to voids or unfavorable matrix distributions which negatively affects the mechanical bond properties and the damage behavior of the composites. Both over the boundary layer design as well as over the reinforcing fiber content in the composite can be the while modifying static and dynamic properties, but the resulting changes are overwhelming in the same direction and either lead to an increase or to a reduction of the static and the dynamic mechanical properties.

It is a process for airblast texturing or air entanglement of filament yarns in the document WO 2001 044 546 A1 wherein at least one monofilament yarn and at least one Muitifilamentgarn of at least one Filamentlieferwerk be supplied to a compressed air nozzle and there by Luftblastexturierung or air turbulence to a multi-component yarn are interconnected, wherein at least one Monofilamentgarn metal-containing and electrically conductive and airblastebeliert with at least one Multifilgarn air-swirled , From the multi-component yarn thus an electrically conductive fabric is produced. The production of fiber composites with thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix and the influence on their mechanical properties are not considered.

A device for producing a strand-like fiber composite - in the form of a hybrid yarn - from glass fibers and at least one additional material is in the document EP 1 043 429 B1 described with a rotating drawing surface, a lift-off device, a spinning funnel having in its peripheral wall an elongated feed opening with a first feed path for glass fibers and at the front end a discharge opening and a rotationally symmetrical, at least circumferentially enclosed to the feed opening space, with a discharge device and is provided with a feed device for the additional material, wherein the feed device has a second feed path, which runs separately from the first feed path through the peripheral wall of the spin funnel.

The The problem here is that the fiber composite always made of the reinforcing material glass exists and that the manufacturing process is independent of that of air-blowing texturing or air-swirling works.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a fiber composite material and to provide a method for the production of fiber composites, which are designed so suitable that the fiber composite material with over a wide range as well as finely graduated adjustable, high mechanical properties and with a largely independent adjustable failure behavior of the material in crash, impact and impact loads, wherein the fiber composite material a homogeneous distribution of the composite components reinforcing and property-modifying component at the fiber level and none, through the use of reinforcing threads and / or Reinforcing sheet forming, structural Inhomogeneities should have.

• – einer Verstärkungsstruktur aus Mehrkomponenten-Hybridgarn, die mindestens eine Verstärkungskomponente und mindestens eine eigenschaftsmodifizierende Komponente enthält, und
• – einer Matrixkomponente mit einem vorgegebenen Volumenanteil, wobei sich zwischen Matrixmaterial, Verstärkungsmaterial und eigenschaftsmodifizierendem Material eigenschaftsbestimmende Grenzflächenstrukturen ausbilden und mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie A sowie mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie B vorhanden sind,

wobei gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 zur Verstärkungskomponente oder zur Verstärkungskomponente und Matrixkomponente mindestens eine faser- oder filamentförmige, die Eigenschaften der Kategorien A und/oder B exklusiv in ihrer Intensität modifizierende Komponente hinzugefügt ist, wobei als mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie A Zug-, Biege-, Druck- und Schubeigenschaften, die in der Regel in statischen Prüfungen ermittelt werden, und als mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie B dynamische Eigenschaften, wie Crash-, Impact- und Schlageigenschaften, denen eine mehrachsige Beanspruchung zugrunde liegt, festgelegt sind und wobei eine homogene Verteilung aller Komponenten über die Fläche der Verstärkungsstruktur und die Dicke des Verbunds vorgesehen ist.The object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 16. The fiber composite consists of

• A multi-component hybrid yarn reinforcing structure containing at least one reinforcing component and at least one property-modifying component, and
• A matrix component with a predetermined volume fraction, wherein property-determining interface structures form between the matrix material, reinforcing material and property-modifying material and mechanical properties of category A and mechanical properties of category B are present,

wherein, according to the characterizing part of claim 1, at least one fibrous or filamentary component exclusively modifying the intensity of categories A and / or B in its intensity is added to the reinforcing component or reinforcing component and matrix component, using as mechanical properties of category A tensile, Bending, compression and thrust properties, which are usually determined in static tests, and as mechanical properties of category B dynamic properties, such as crash, impact and impact properties, which are based on multi-axial stress, are fixed and where a homogeneous Distribution of all components over the surface of the reinforcing structure and the thickness of the composite is provided.

The the properties of categories A and / or B modifying component, the gain component and optionally the matrix component in the form of a multi-component hybrid yarn are homogeneous over the area and density of the structure of the reinforcing material distributed, the distribution through the yarn manufacturing process brought about.

Of the Fiber composite material has one of a textile fabric existing or one by filing individual yarns by winding or tape produced reinforcing structure, wherein the reinforcing structure partially or completely from multi-component hybrid yarns constructed using the airblast texturing or air swirling technique made of air-twisted or commingled filament yarns are.

The homogeneous distribution is over the thread cross section in out At least one reinforcing component existing reinforcing threads, the over textile surface formation and / or preform production to thermosetting, z. B. by resin injection and chemical curing, or to thermoplastic, for. B. by film stacking or powder coating followed by thermopressing process, connected further processed are provided.

Of the Thermosetting composite may consist of a reinforcing structure consist exclusively of air-textured or air-mixed multicomponent hybrid yarns with at least two Materials is constructed, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing material and at least one of the properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentary material consist.

Of the Thermosetting composite can also be made of a reinforcing structure exist in addition to the original ones Reinforcement threads partially from air-textured or air-twisted multi-component hybrid yarns with at least two materials is constructed, wherein the hybrid yarns from a Reinforcing material and at least one of the properties the categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous Material exist.

The thermoplastic composite can from egg consist of a reinforcement material and at least one modifying the properties of the categories A and / or B, fiber or filament-like material and the fiber composite material consist of reinforcing structure, which is composed exclusively of air-textured or air-fluidized multicomponent hybrid yarns with at least two materials is produced by the separate supply of the matrix by films, melt, powder or reactive thermoplastics.

Of the Thermoplastic composite can also be made of a reinforcing structure exist in addition to the original ones Reinforcement threads partially from air-textured or air-twisted multi-component hybrid yarns with at least two materials is constructed, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing material and at least one of the properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentary material exist and the fiber composite material through the separate feed the matrix by films, melt, powder or reactive Thermoplastics is produced.

Of the Finally, thermoplastic composite can also be made from one Reinforcing structure composed exclusively from air-textured or air-entangled multi-component hybrid yarns constructed with at least three materials, the hybrid yarns from a reinforcing material, at least one of the properties the categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous Material and the matrix material.

Of the thermoplastic composite may consist of a reinforcing structure exist in addition to the original ones Reinforcing threads consisting of at least two Components - gain and matrix component -, partially made of air-textured or air-twisted multicomponent hybrid yarns constructed with at least three materials, the hybrid yarns from a reinforcing material, at least one of the properties the categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous Material and the matrix material.

In The fiber composite material can be a proportion of which the properties the categories A and / or B modifying, fiber or filamentous Material to the present in the defined ratio to each other Reinforcement and matrix materials in one area up to be present at about 10.0 vol .-%.

When Processible reinforcing materials can be glass, Carbon, basalt, aramid, ceramic be provided.

When thermoplastic matrix materials can be polypropylene, Polyester, polyamide, polyetheretherketone or polyphenylene sulfide be provided.

When thermosetting matrix material can be thermosetting resin systems, z. As epoxy resin, phenolic resin or polyester resin may be provided.

• – thermoplastische Chemiefasern, z. B. Polypropylensulfid, hochfestes Polyester, Polyamid, hochfestes Polyethylen oder PEEK,
• – unschmelzbare Chemiefasern, z. B. Aramid, Viskose oder CF,
• – anorganische Chemiefasern – Keramik, z. B. SiBNC, oder
• – Metallfasern zugegeben sein.

As properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous materials can optionally and controlled volume fraction

• - thermoplastic fibers, z. As polypropylene, high strength polyester, polyamide, high-strength polyethylene or PEEK,
• - infusible chemical fibers, z. Aramid, viscose or CF,
• - inorganic chemical fibers - ceramics, z. SiBNC, or
• - Metal fibers added.

• – Erzeugung einer Verstärkungsstruktur aus Mehrkomponenten-Hybridgarn, die mindestens eine Verstärkungskomponente und mindestens eine eigenschaftsmodifizierenden Komponente enthalten, und
• – Einbringen einer Matrixkomponente mit einem vorgegebenen Volumenanteil, wobei sich zwischen Matrixmaterial, Verstärkungsmaterial und eigenschaftsmodifizierendem Material eigenschaftsbestimmende Grenzflächenstrukturen ausbilden und mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie A sowie mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie B entstehen,

wobei gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 16 folgende Schritte durchgeführt werden:

• – Hinzufügen mindestens einer faser- oder filamentförmigen, die Eigenschaften der Kategorien A und/oder B exklusiv in ihrer Intensität modifizierenden Komponente zur Verstärkungskomponente oder zur Verstärkungskomponente und Matrixkomponente während der Erzeugung der Verstärkungsstruktur, wobei als mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie A Zug-, Biege-, Druck- und Schubeigenschaften, die in der Regel in statischen Prüfungen ermittelt werden, und als mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie B dynamische Eigenschaften, wie Crash-, Impact- und Schlageigenschaften, denen eine mehrachsige Beanspruchung zugrunde liegt, festgelegt werden, und
• – Gewährleistung einer homogenen Verteilung aller Komponenten über die Fläche der Verstärkungsstruktur und die Dicke des Verbunds.

The process for the production of fiber composites comprises the following steps:

• - Producing a reinforcing structure of multi-component hybrid yarn containing at least one reinforcing component and at least one property-modifying component, and
• Introducing a matrix component having a predetermined volume fraction, wherein property-defining interface structures are formed between matrix material, reinforcing material and property-modifying material and mechanical properties of category A and mechanical properties of category B arise,

wherein according to the characterizing part of claim 16 the following steps are carried out:

• Adding at least one fibrous or filamentary component, the properties of categories A and / or B, exclusively in intensity-modifying component to the reinforcing component or reinforcing component and matrix component during the production of the reinforcing structure, using as mechanical properties of category A tensile, flexural, Compressive and thrust characteristics, which are usually determined in static tests, and are defined as mechanical properties of category B, dynamic properties, such as crash, impact and impact properties, which underlie multiaxial stress, and
• Ensuring a homogeneous distribution of all components across the area of the reinforcing structure and the thickness of the composite.

Through a targeted integration of the Multi-component hybrid yarn are introduced in a structure constructed by a fabric reinforcing structure additional Lich to the original reinforcing threads systematically local property changes or inhomogeneities for a requirement-based component design by a corresponding partially introduced material combination.

The Modification of the mechanical properties of categories A and / or B is about the material composition in the thread at the fiber level through the integration of an additional, the mechanical Properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous material with homogeneous distribution over the thread cross section in at least one reinforcing material existing reinforcing threads that over textile surface formation and / or preform production to thermosetting, z. B. by resin injection and chemical curing, or to thermoplastic, for. B. by film stacking or powder coating followed by thermopressing process, connected further processed are done.

For the generation of the predetermined mechanical properties of the categories A and / or B of the thermosetting matrix are air-textured or air-entangled hybrid yarns having at least two components completely for the production of the reinforcement structure or as an additional component to the original Reinforcing threads used, wherein the hybrid yarns a reinforcing component and a property modifying one consist fiber or filament-shaped component.

at the production of a thermoplastic matrix composite Method in which a matrix introduction via film, Melt, powder, reactive thermoplastics, be used for generating the given mechanical Properties of categories A and / or B air-textured or air-swirled Hybrid yarns with at least two components completely for the manufacture of the reinforcement structure or as an additional component to the original Reinforcing threads used, wherein the hybrid yarns a reinforcing component and a property-modifying fiber or filament-shaped component.

at the production of the composite with thermoplastic matrix, in which the matrix introduction over the yarn is done for the generation of the predetermined mechanical properties of the categories A and / or B air-textured or air-entangled hybrid yarns with at least three components completely for the Fabrication of the reinforcement structure or as additional Component to the original reinforcing threads used, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing component, a property-modifying fibrous or filamentous Component and a matrix component.

The Setting of the composite properties is thus done by the integration additional fibrous or filamentous, property modifying materials in a small proportion to the base materials: reinforcing component or gain component and matrix component in the Fiber composite material. For ensuring a homogeneous Component distribution over the surface of the reinforcement structure and the thickness of the fiber composite is that of multi-component hybrid yarns in their hybrid yarn structure, the components reinforcing component plus property-modifying component or reinforcing component plus property modifying component plus matrix component contain.

Of the has fiber composite material according to the invention a reinforcing structure consisting of a textile fabric, z. As fabrics, braids, knitted fabrics, knits or embroidery. The textile fabric again, is partially or completely composed of multi-component hybrid yarns, in their hybrid yarn structure, the components reinforcing component plus property modifying component or reinforcing component plus property modifying component plus matrix component built up using airblast texturizing or the Luftverwirblungstechnik as air-swirled or commingelte Filament yarns are made. For the homogeneous distribution the property-modifying component over the area the reinforcing structure and the thickness of the fiber composite material The textile fabric has to be completely finished be constructed the multi-component hybrid yarn. Furthermore you can through the targeted integration of the multi-component hybrid yarn in a textile fabric in addition to the original reinforcing threads systematically local property changes or inhomogeneities in the fiber composite material for a requirement-appropriate Component design by a corresponding partially introduced Material combination are generated.

The property influencing takes place analogously here as in the duroplastic matrix by the integration of an additional property-modifying component with a low proportion into the hybrid yarn. So z. B. by the addition of a proportion of 3.5 to 5.0 vol .-% of polyphenylene sulfide filament yarn to further in the same ratio to each other glass filament and PP filament yarns, the impact strength of the composites increased by about 14% without the mechanical own sheep significantly change category A's.

First through the production of air-textured or air-swirled Hybrid yarns with variable adjustable yarn counts and variable adjustable mixing ratio of several components is a homogeneous distribution of additional property-modifying ones Components in the fiber composite material possible. Furthermore is it possible by the hybrid yarns present in thread form, this with a suitable arrangement in the textile reinforcing structure to integrate or apply to these, so as to B. local To produce property changes in the fiber composite material.

The Invention opens the possibility that for the first time thermoset and thermoplastic fiber composites in one automated manufacturing process can be produced in terms of their crash, impact and impact behavior (eg splinter inclination and self-absorption) can be optimally adjusted, without this having a significant impact on the realization high static and dynamic stiffness and strength and without the composite having material-related local property inhomogeneities or differences.

The Invention also allows the mechanical stiffnesses and strength of fiber composites largely independent of their crash, impact and impact properties targeted to the application-related requirements can be set. By avoiding structural inhomogeneities due to the homogeneous distribution of the individual components become unintentional local strength and stiffness differences and thus local Weaknesses of the composites excluded. Because of these facts comes it upon application of the invention to a significant extension the property spectrum of thermoset and thermoplastic Fiber composites, at a significantly increased power-to-mass ratio the composites as well as the saving of raw materials in the Production of fiber composites.

• – verarbeitbare Verstärkungsmaterialien: Glas, Carbon, Basalt, Aramid, Keramik
• – thermoplastische Matrixmaterialien: Polypropylen, Polyester, Polyamid, Polyetheretherketon, Polyphenylensulfid,
• – duroplastische Matrixmaterialien: duromere Harzsysteme, z. B. Epoxidharz, Phenolharz, Polyesterharz

sein.It can:

• - workable reinforcing materials: glass, carbon, basalt, aramid, ceramic
• Thermoplastic matrix materials: polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyether ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide,
• Thermosetting matrix materials: thermosetting resin systems, eg. As epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyester resin

be.

The Invention is based on embodiments by means of several drawings explained:

It demonstrate:

1 a schematic representation of the starting materials of the fiber composite material according to the invention, wherein

1a a first reinforcing structure in the form of a double-surface structure with the multi-component hybrid yarn according to the invention,

1b a second reinforcing structure in the form of a five-fold sheet with the multi-component hybrid yarn according to the invention,

1c a cross section through an inventive multi-component hybrid yarn after 1a with a component exclusively modifying the properties of categories A and / or B,

1d a perspective view of a multi-component hybrid yarn according to the invention with a the properties of categories A and / or B exclusively modifying component and

1e a cross section of the multi-component hybrid yarn according to the invention with a the properties of categories A and / or B exclusively modifying component according to 1d demonstrate,

2 a representation of the relationships between the properties A and the properties B, where

2a the ratio in the form of a category AB representation in a fiber composite material according to the prior art and

2 B show the ratio in the form of a category AB representation in a fiber composite according to the invention,

3 a representation of the gradient behavior of a fiber composite in a force (F) -distance (ε) diagram for tensile tests on different composite materials and

4 a representation of the dependence of the flexural strength of the impact strength of thermoplastic UD composites of multi-component hybrid yarns with a reinforcing glass (GF) and a matrix component polypropylene (PP) as Grundkom components and a property-modifying component aramid or with polyphenylene sulfide as the properties of categories A and / or B modifying material, wherein the percentages for each of the fiber volume fraction of the property of the categories A and / or B modifying material in the fiber composite material at a constant volume ratio between the reinforcing material glass and the matrix material polypropylene stand.

• – einer in 1a, 1b dargestellten Verstärkungsstruktur 4, 5 aus einem in 1c dargestellten Mehrkomponenten-Hybridgarn 1, die mindestens eine Verstärkungskomponente 2 und mindestens eine eigenschaftsmodifizierende Komponente 3 enthält, und
• – einer Matrixkomponente 6 mit einem vorgegebenen Volumenanteil,

wobei sich zwischen Matrixmaterial 6, Verstärkungsmaterial 2 und eigenschaftsmodifizierendem Material 3 eigenschaftsbestimmende Grenzflächenstrukturen ausbilden und mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie A sowie mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie B vorhanden sind.The fiber composite consists of

• - one in 1a . 1b illustrated reinforcing structure 4 . 5 from one in 1c shown multi-component hybrid yarn 1 containing at least one reinforcing component 2 and at least one property modifying component 3 contains, and
• - a matrix component 6 with a predetermined volume fraction,

being between matrix material 6 , Reinforcing material 2 and property-modifying material 3 Forming property-determining interface structures and mechanical properties of category A and mechanical properties of category B are present.

According to the invention is the reinforcing component 2 , as in 1d . 1e shown, or to the gain component 2 and matrix component 6 , as in 1a . 1b . 1c shown at least one fiber or filamentous, the properties of the categories A and / or B exclusively in their intensity modifying component 3 The mechanical properties of category A include tensile, bending, compression and thrust properties, which are typically found in static tests, and mechanical properties of category B are dynamic properties, such as crash, impact and impact properties a multiaxial load is based, and where a homogeneous distribution, as in 1c . 1e in multi-component hybrid yarn 1 and in 1a . 1b in reinforcement structures 4 . 5 shown is all components 2 . 3 . 6 over the surface of the reinforcing structure 4 . 5 and the thickness of the composite is provided.

The possibility of influencing the properties of the two property categories A and B independently of one another as a result of admixing and the homogeneous distribution of additional material components of a fiber composite material and thus to adjust a new property spectrum of the fiber composite material is disclosed in US Pat 2 B in which the ratio is shown in the form of a category AB representation in a fiber composite according to the invention.

In 3 is a representation of the gradient behavior of a fiber composite material in a force (F) strain (ε) diagram for tensile tests on different composites shown.

In 4 is an illustration of the dependence of the flexural strength to the impact strength of here thermoplastic UD composite materials of multi-component hybrid yarns as an example here with a reinforcing glass component (GF) and a matrix component polypropylene (PP) as the base components and a property-modifying component aramid or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS ) as the properties of categories A and / or B modifying material, wherein the percentages for each of the fiber volume fraction of the properties of categories A and / or B modifying material in the fiber composite material at constant volume ratio between the reinforcing material glass and the matrix material polypropylene are shown.

In this case, by an increase in volume of aramid (9.5 to 10.7%) or by a reduction in volume fraction polyphenylene sulfide (4.8 to 3.8%) as property-modifying components at about the same constant flexural strength as a property of category A a significant change in the Impact resistance achieved as a category B property. In this case, the constancy of the one property of category A modifies only the property of category B, so that an independent influence on the properties of categories A and B can be given. With the two straight lines in 4 can be a comparison with the straight line in 2 B are drawn in the with the illustrated there, parallel to the category coordinates A, B trained straight line according to the invention a release from the conventional, in 2a confirmed correspondence of the two properties of category A and category B.

In the fiber composite is the added properties categories A and / or B modifying material the manufacturing conditions controlled in terms of proportion and arrangement integrated.

The the properties of categories A and / or B modifying material, the reinforcing material and optionally the matrix material in Form of a multi-component hybrid yarn are homogeneous over the area and density of the structure of the reinforcing material distributed, the distribution brought about by the manufacturing process is.

Of the has fiber composite material according to the invention a reinforcing structure made of a textile fabric or is by storing individual yarns by wrapping or tape set to a reinforcing structure, wherein the Reinforcement structure partially or completely Multi-component hybrid yarns is constructed using the Airblast texturing or air whirling technique from air-entangled or commingled filament yarns are made.

By a targeted placement of the multi-component hybrid yarn in the reinforcing structure are in addition to the original reinforcing threads systematically local property changes or inhomogeneities for a requirement-oriented component design by a provided in accordance partially introduced material combination.

• 1. Ein duroplastischer Faserverbundwerkstoff besteht aus einer Verstärkungs struktur die ausschließlich aus lufttexturierten bzw. luftverwirbelten Mehrkomponenten-Hybridgarnen mit mindestens zwei Materialien aufgebaut ist, wobei die Hybridgarne aus einem Verstärkungsmaterial und mindestens einem die Eigenschaften der Kategorien A und/oder B modifizierenden, faser- bzw. filamentförmigen Material bestehen.
• 2. Ein duroplastischer Faserverbundwerkstoff besteht aus einer Verstärkungsstruktur die zusätzlich zu den ursprünglichen Verstärkungsfäden partiell aus lufttexturierten bzw. luftverwirbelten Mehrkomponenten-Hybridgarnen mit mindestens zwei Materialien aufgebaut ist, wobei die Hybridgarne aus einem Verstärkungsmaterial und mindestens einem die Eigenschaften der Kategorien A und/oder B modifizierenden, faser- bzw. filamentförmigen Material bestehen.
• 3. Ein thermoplastischer Faserverbundwerkstoff besteht aus einer Verstärkungsstruktur die ausschließlich aus lufttexturierten bzw. luftverwirbelten Mehrkomponenten-Hybridgarnen mit mindestens zwei Materialien aufgebaut ist, wobei die Hybridgarne aus einem Verstärkungsmaterial und mindestens einem die Eigenschaften der Kategorien A und/oder B modifizierenden, faser- bzw. filamentförmigen Material bestehen und der Faserverbundwerkstoff durch die separate Zuführung der Matrix durch Folien, Schmelze, Pulver oder reaktionsfähige Thermoplaste hergestellt wird.
• 4. Ein thermoplastischer Faserverbundwerkstoff besteht aus einer Verstärkungsstruktur die zusätzlich zu den ursprünglichen Verstärkungsfäden partiell aus lufttexturierten bzw. luftverwirbelten Mehrkomponenten-Hybridgarnen mit mindestens zwei Materialien aufgebaut ist, wobei die Hybridgarne aus einem Verstärkungsmaterial und mindestens einem die Eigenschaften der Kategorien A und/oder B modifizierenden, faser- bzw. filamentförmigen Material bestehen und der Faserverbundwerkstoff durch die separate Zuführung der Matrix durch Folien, Schmelze, Pulver oder reaktionsfähige Thermoplaste hergestellt wird.
• 5. Ein thermoplastischer Faserverbundwerkstoff besteht aus einer Verstärkungsstruktur die ausschließlich aus lufttexturierten bzw. luftverwirbelten Mehrkomponenten-Hybridgarnen mit mindestens drei Materialien aufgebaut ist, wobei die Hybridgarne aus einem Verstärkungsmaterial, mindestens einem die Eigenschaften der Kategorien A und/oder B modifizierenden, faser- bzw. filamentförmigen Material und dem Matrixmaterial bestehen.
• 6. Ein thermoplastischer Faserverbundwerkstoff besteht aus einer Verstärkungsstruktur die zusätzlich zu den ursprünglichen Verstärkungsfäden, bestehend aus mindestens zwei Komponenten (Verstärkungs- und Matrixkomponente), partiell aus lufttexturierten bzw. luftverwirbelten Mehrkomponenten-Hybridgarnen mit mindestens drei Materialien aufgebaut ist, wobei die Hybridgare aus einem Verstärkungsmaterial, mindestens einem die Eigenschaften der Kategorien A und/oder B modifizierenden, faser- bzw. filamentförmigen Material und dem Matrixmaterial bestehen.

In the following, construction variants of the fiber composite material according to the invention are specified as a function of the matrix:

• 1. A thermosetting fiber composite material consists of a reinforcing structure which is composed exclusively of air-textured or air-twisted multi-component hybrid yarns with at least two materials, the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing material and at least one of the properties of categories A and / or B modifizierenden, fiber or Filament-shaped material.
• 2. A thermoset fiber composite material consists of a reinforcing structure which, in addition to the original reinforcing yarns, is partially constructed of air-textured multicomponent hybrid yarns having at least two materials, the hybrid yarns being of a reinforcing material and modifying at least one of the A and / or B properties , fiber or filament-shaped material.
• 3. A thermoplastic fiber composite material consists of a reinforcing structure which is composed exclusively of air-textured or air-mixed multicomponent hybrid yarns having at least two materials, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing material and at least one of the properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fiber or filament-shaped material and the fiber composite material is produced by the separate supply of the matrix by films, melt, powder or reactive thermoplastics.
• 4. A thermoplastic fiber composite material consists of a reinforcing structure which, in addition to the original reinforcing yarns, is partially constructed of air-textured multicomponent hybrid yarns having at least two materials, the hybrid yarns being of a reinforcing material and modifying at least one of the A and / or B properties , fiber or filament-shaped material and the fiber composite material is produced by the separate supply of the matrix by films, melt, powder or reactive thermoplastics.
• 5. A thermoplastic fiber composite material consists of a reinforcing structure composed exclusively of air-textured or air-twisted multi-component hybrid yarns having at least three materials, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing material, at least one of the properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fiber or filament-shaped material and the matrix material.
• 6. A thermoplastic fiber composite material consists of a reinforcing structure which, in addition to the original reinforcing filaments consisting of at least two components (reinforcing and matrix component), is constructed in part of air-textured multi-component air-twisted yarns having at least three materials, said hybrid yarns being of a reinforcing material , at least one of the properties of the categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous material and the matrix material.

In The fiber composite material can be a proportion of the properties the categories A and / or B modifying, fiber or filamentous Material to the present in the defined ratio to each other Reinforcement and matrix materials in one area up to be present at about 10.0 vol .-%.

When Processible reinforcing materials can be glass, Carbon, basalt, aramid, ceramic be provided.

When thermoplastic matrix materials may, for. Polypropylene, Polyester, polyamide, polyetheretherketone or polyphenylene sulfide be provided.

When thermosetting matrix material can be thermosetting resin systems, z. As epoxy resin, phenolic resin or polyester resin may be provided.

• – thermoplastische Chemiefasern, z. B. Polyphenylensulfid, hochfestes Polyester, Polyamid, hochfestes Polyethylen oder PEEK,
• – unschmelzbare Chemiefasern, z. B. Aramid, Viskose oder CF,
• – anorganische Chemiefasern – Keramik, z. B. SiBNC, oder
• – Metallfasern

zugegeben sein.As properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fiber or filamentary materials can

• - thermoplastic fibers, z. As polyphenylene sulfide, high-strength polyester, polyamide, high-strength polyethylene or PEEK,
• - infusible chemical fibers, z. Aramid, viscose or CF,
• - inorganic chemical fibers - ceramics, z. SiBNC, or
• - metal fibers

to be admitted.

• – Erzeugung einer Verstärkungsstruktur 4, 5 aus Mehrkomponenten-Hybridgarn 1, die mindestens eine Verstärkungskomponente 2 und mindestens eine eigenschaftsmodifizierende Komponente 3 enthält, und
• – Einbringen einer Matrixkomponente 6 mit einem vorgegebenen Volumenanteil,

wobei sich zwischen Matrixmaterial 6, Verstärkungsmaterial 2 und eigenschaftsmodifizierendem Material 3 eigenschaftsbestimmende Grenzflächenstrukturen ausbildeen und mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie A sowie mechanische Eigenschaften der Kategorie B entstehen.The process for the production of fiber composites comprises the following steps:

• - Generation of a reinforcing structure 4 . 5 from multi-component hybrid yarn 1 containing at least one reinforcing component 2 and at least one property modifying component 3 contains, and
• - introducing a matrix component 6 with a predetermined volume fraction,

being between matrix material 6 , Reinforcing material 2 and property-modifying material 3 Forming property-determining interface structures and mechanical properties of category A and mechanical properties of category B arise.

According to the invention following steps are performed:

• - Adding at least one fiber or filamentary, the properties of categories A and / or B exclusively in their intensity modifying component 3 to the reinforcing component 2 or to the reinforcing component 2 and matrix component 6 during generation of the reinforcing structure 4 . 5 where the mechanical properties of category A are tensile, flexural, compressive and thrust properties, which are usually determined in static tests, and mechanical properties of category B are dynamic properties, such as crash, impact and impact properties, which are given a multiaxial load is to be determined, and
• - Ensuring a homogeneous distribution of all components 2 . 3 . 6 over the surface of the reinforcing structure 4 . 5 and the thickness of the composite.

By a targeted placement of the multi-component hybrid yarn in a textile fabric will be added to the original reinforcing threads systematically local property changes or inhomogeneities for a requirement-oriented component design by an appropriate component partially introduced material combination introduced.

The Modification of the mechanical properties of categories A and / or B can be about the material composition in the thread in the Fiber level through the integration of an additional, the mechanical Properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous material with homogeneous distribution over the thread cross section in at least one reinforcing material existing reinforcing threads that over textile surface formation and / or preform production to thermosetting, z. B. by resin injection and chemical curing, or to thermoplastic, for. B. by film stacking or powder coating followed by thermopressing process, connected further processed are to be performed.

For the generation of the predetermined mechanical properties of the categories A and / or B of the composite with thermosetting matrix can air-textured or air-entangled hybrid yarns with at least two components completely for the production the reinforcing structure or as additional Component to the original reinforcing threads can be used, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing component and a property modifying fibrous or filamentary Component exist.

at the production of a composite with thermoplastic matrix with methods, in which a matrix introduction via foil, melt, Powder, reactive thermoplastics, can for the production of the given mechanical properties categories A and / or B are air-textured or air-swirled Hybrid yarns with at least two components completely for the manufacture of the reinforcement structure or as an additional component to the original Reinforcing threads are used, the Hybrid yarns of a reinforcing component and a property-modifying fibrous or filamentous Component exist.

at the production of the composite with thermoplastic matrix, in which the matrix is introduced via the yarn can for the production of the given mechanical properties categories A and / or B are air-textured or air-swirled Hybrid yarns with at least three components complete for the manufacture of the reinforcement structure or as an additional component to the original Reinforcing threads are used, the Hybrid yarns of a reinforcing component, a property modifying fiber or filamentous component and a matrix component consist.

1

Multi-component hybrid

2

reinforcing component

3

the Properties of categories A and / or B modifying component

4

first reinforcing structure

5

second reinforcing structure

6

matrix component

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 0616055 A1 [0012, 0013]
• - EP 071713381 [0012]
• - EP 0717133 B1 [0014]
• WO 2001044546 [0018]
• - EP 1043429 B1 [0019]

Cited non-patent literature

• - Paul, Ch .; Choi, B. -D .: Offermann, P .: Development of Hybrid Yarn's Compressed Multiple Multiple Reinforcement Components, Poster Presentations at the Fiber Society Spring Conference 2005 [0015]

Claims (21)

Fiber composite consisting of - a reinforcing structure ( 4 . 5 ) of multi-component hybrid yarn ( 1 ) containing at least one amplification component ( 2 ) and at least one property-modifying component ( 3 ), and - a matrix component ( 6 ) with a predetermined volume fraction, wherein between matrix material ( 6 ), Reinforcing material ( 2 ) and property modifying material ( 3 ) form property-determining interface structures and mechanical properties of category A and mechanical properties of category B are present, characterized in that the reinforcement component ( 2 ) or to the amplification component ( 2 ) and matrix component ( 6 ) at least one fiber or filamentary component which exclusively modifies the intensity of categories A and / or B in its intensity ( 3 ), where mechanical properties of category A include tensile, flexural, compressive and thrust properties typically found in static tests and mechanical properties of category B dynamic properties such as crash, impact and impact properties which are based on a multiaxial load, and where a homogeneous distribution of all components ( 2 . 3 . 6 ) over the surface of the reinforcing structure ( 4 . 5 ) and the thickness of the composite is provided. Fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the material modifying the properties of categories A and / or B ( 3 ), the reinforcing material ( 2 ) and possibly the matrix material ( 6 ) in the form of a multi-component hybrid yarn ( 1 ) homogeneously over the area and density of the structure of the reinforcing material ( 2 ), the distribution being brought about by the yarn manufacturing process. Fiber composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that it is one of a textile fabric existing or one by filing individual yarns by winding or tape has produced reinforcing structure, wherein the reinforcing structure partially or completely is constructed from multi-component hybrid yarns which are used the airblast texturing or air swirling technique from air-entangled or commingled filament yarns are made. Fiber composite material according to claim 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that a homogeneous distribution over the Thread cross section in at least one reinforcing material existing reinforcing threads that over the textile surface formation, Garnablageverfahren and / or Preform to thermosetting, z. B. by resin injection and chemically curing, or to thermoplastic, for. B. by film stacking or powder coating with subsequent Thermopressprozess, Connected processed are provided is. Fiber composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that that the thermosetting composite of a reinforcing structure consists exclusively of air-textured or air-swirled Multi-component hybrid yarns constructed with at least two materials is, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing material and at least one of the properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous material consist. Fiber composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that that the thermosetting composite of a reinforcing structure exists in addition to the original ones Reinforcement threads partially made of air-textured or air-twisted multi-component hybrid yarns with at least two Materials is constructed, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing material and at least one of the properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous material consist. Fiber composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that that the thermoplastic composite of a reinforcing structure consists exclusively of air-textured or air-swirled Multi-component hybrid yarns constructed with at least two materials is, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing material and at least one of the properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous material exist and the fiber composite material through the separate feed the matrix by films, melt, powder or reactive Thermoplastics is produced. Fiber composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that that the thermoplastic composite of a reinforcing structure exists in addition to the original ones Reinforcement threads partially from air-textured or air-entangled multi-component hybrid yarns with at least two Materials is constructed, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing material and at least one of the properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous material exist and the fiber composite material through the separate feed the matrix by films, melt, powder or reactive Thermoplastics is produced. Fiber composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that the thermoplastic Composite composed of a reinforcing structure composed solely of air-textured or air-entangled multi-component hybrid yarns having at least three materials, the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing material, at least one of the properties of categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous material and the Matrix material exist. Fiber composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that that the thermoplastic composite of a reinforcing structure exists in addition to the original ones Reinforcing threads consisting of at least two Components - gain and matrix component -, partially made of air-textured or air-twisted multicomponent hybrid yarns constructed with at least three materials, the hybrid yarns from a reinforcing material, at least one of the properties the categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous Material and the matrix material. Fiber composite material according to claim 1 to 10, characterized characterized in that in it the properties of the categories A and / or B modifying, fibrous or filamentous Material to the present in the defined ratio to each other Reinforcement and matrix materials a share in one Range up to about 10.0 vol .-% have. Fiber composite material after at least one previous Claim, characterized in that as processible reinforcing materials Glass, carbon, basalt, aramid, ceramics are provided. Fiber composite material after at least one previous Claim, characterized in that as thermoplastic matrix materials Polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyetheretherketone or polyphenylene sulfide are provided. Fiber composite material after at least one previous Claim, characterized in that as thermosetting matrix material thermosetting resin systems, eg. For example, epoxy, phenolic or polyester resin is provided. Fiber composite material after at least one previous Claim, characterized, that as properties the categories A and / or B modifying, fiber or filamentous Materials optionally and controlled by volume - thermoplastic Chemical fibers, z. As polypropylene, high strength polyester, polyamide, high-strength polyethylene or PEEK, - infusible Chemical fibers, z. Aramid, viscose or CF, - inorganic Chemical fibers - ceramics, z. SiBNC, or - metal fibers added are. Process for the production of fiber composite materials according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 15, comprising the following steps: - production of a reinforcing structure ( 4 . 5 ) of multi-component hybrid yarn ( 1 ) containing at least one amplification component ( 2 ) and at least one property-modifying component ( 3 ), and - introducing a matrix component ( 6 ) with a predetermined volume fraction, wherein between matrix material ( 6 ), Reinforcing material ( 2 ) and property modifying material ( 3 ) form property-determining interface structures and mechanical properties of category A and mechanical properties of category B, characterized by the following steps: - adding at least one fiber or filamentary, the properties of categories A and / or B exclusively in their intensity modifying component ( 3 ) to the reinforcing component ( 2 ) or to the amplification component ( 2 ) and matrix component ( 6 ) during the generation of the reinforcing structure ( 4 . 5 ), where as mechanical properties of category A tensile, bending, compression and thrust properties, which are usually determined in static tests, and as mechanical properties of category B dynamic properties, such as crash, impact and impact properties, which multi-axial loading, and - ensuring a homogeneous distribution of all components ( 2 . 3 . 6 ) over the surface of the reinforcing structure ( 4 . 5 ) and the thickness of the composite. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that that by a deliberately placed integration of the multi-component hybrid yarn in a textile fabric in addition to the original reinforcing threads systematically local property changes or inhomogeneities for a requirement-oriented component design by an appropriate component partially introduced material combination are introduced. A method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the modification of the mechanical properties of the categories A and / or B over the material composition in the thread at the fiber level by the integration of at least one additional, the mechanical properties of categories A and / or B modifying fiber or filamentous material with homogeneous distribution over the thread cross section in Reinforcing threads consisting of at least one reinforcing material, which are thermoset about the textile surface formation, Garnablageverfahren and / or Preformherstellung, z. B. by resin injection and chemical curing, or to thermoplastic, z. B. by film stacking or powder coating followed by Thermopressprozess, connected further processed is performed. Method according to claim 18, characterized that for the production of the given mechanical properties the categories A and / or B of the composite with duroplastic matrix air-textured or air-entangled hybrid yarns with at least two components completely for the production the reinforcing structure or as additional Component to the original reinforcing threads can be used, wherein the hybrid yarns of a reinforcing component and at least one property-modifying fibrous or filamentous Component exist. Method according to claim 18, characterized that the production of a composite with thermoplastic matrix over Method in which a matrix introduction via film, Melt, powder, reactive thermoplastics, for the production of the given mechanical properties categories A and / or B are air-textured or air-swirled Hybrid yarns with at least two components completely for the manufacture of the reinforcement structure or as an additional component to the original Reinforcing threads are used, the Hybrid yarns of a reinforcing component and at least a property modifying fiber or filamentary component consist. Method according to claim 18, characterized that in the production of the composite with thermoplastic matrix, in which the matrix introduction takes place via the yarn, for the production of the given mechanical properties categories A and / or B are air-textured or air-swirled Hybrid yarns with at least three components complete for the manufacture of the reinforcement structure or as an additional component to the original Reinforcing threads are used, the Hybrid yarns of reinforcing component, at least a property-modifying fibrous or filamentous Component and a matrix component.