Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
  • B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
  • B65D85/72—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials
  • B65D85/73—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials with means specially adapted for effervescing the liquids, e.g. for forming bubbles or beer head
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
  • B65D81/32—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging two or more different materials which must be maintained separate prior to use in admixture
  • B65D81/3216—Rigid containers disposed one within the other
  • B65D81/3222—Rigid containers disposed one within the other with additional means facilitating admixture
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
  • B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
  • B65D83/68—Dispensing two or more contents, e.g. sequential dispensing or simultaneous dispensing of two or more products without mixing them
  • B65D83/682—Dispensing two or more contents, e.g. sequential dispensing or simultaneous dispensing of two or more products without mixing them the products being first separated, but finally mixed, e.g. in a dispensing head
  • B65D83/687—Dispensing two or more contents, e.g. sequential dispensing or simultaneous dispensing of two or more products without mixing them the products being first separated, but finally mixed, e.g. in a dispensing head the products being totally mixed on, or prior to, first use, e.g. by breaking an ampoule containing one of the products

Definitions

• the present invention is concerned with containers for flowable materials, and, more particularly, with containers for liquids in which the pressure is greater than atmospheric. It will be appreciated that carbonated beverages such as the so- called soft drinks and brewed beverages such as beer and cider are contained at super-atmospheric pressure, but the present invention is also concerned with flowable materials (including other liquids) that are, or can be, contained at super- atmospheric pressure. In particular, it is not uncommon for a number of "still" drinks to be packaged in a container containing an atmosphere of nitrogen at super-atmospheric pressure. Examples of the goods which are, or can be, packaged in this way include juices and juice-drinks, milk and milk-based drinks, spirits, wines, iced teas and tea drinks and even medicines and pharmaceuticals delivered in liquid form.
• the chamber Since the chamber is immersed in the beverage contained in the can a small amount of the beverage will enter the chamber through the restricted orifice so as to equilibrate the pressure in the head space of the chamber and the pressure in the head space of the can.
• the pressure in the head space of the can Upon opening the can, the pressure in the head space of the can will immediately be reduced to atmospheric while the pressure in the head space of the secondary chamber will remain, momentarily at least, at a pressure greater than atmospr.. ⁇ c, hence the gas and/or beverage in the chamber will be ejected through the restricted orifice.
• This causes gas in the solution to be evolved and form a head of creamy froth on the beverage.
• the patent does not, however, envisage the introduction of a second liquid into the beverage upon opening of the can, and this would not be possible with the arrangement described since the beverage and any liquid contained in the secondary chamber would be free to mix whilst the can remained sealed.
• Such a container is described in international application No. PCT/GB95/01185 in which two such compartments are separated by a membrane capable of being grossly ruptured by the release of pressure when the container is opened. In this case, one compartment contains whisky and the other soda water, hence when the membrane is ruptured a whisky and soda drink is produced.
• US patent No. 4524078 describes a container including a capsule which either has a separable cap, a frangible wall or in which one wall comprises a wall of the container and the capsule is forced away from the wall of the container when the container is opened.
• a component of the capsule separates from the capsule or the entire capsule separates explosively from its anchor and may fragment, so in each case there is a potential choking hazard created by the formation of small pieces of the capsule within the beverage in the can.
• the encapsulated liquid will be released relatively gem., through a large orifice into the beverage in the container, so it will diffuse relatively gradually into the beverage. This may result in incomplete mixing and does not provide for spectacular visual effects.
• the present invention aims to provide an arrangement for containing a first flowable material and a second flowable material separately in a pressurised container and for injecting the second flowable material into the first flowable material when the pressurised container is opened. Moreover, having provided such an arrangement, it was recognised that it could also be applicable to injecting gas or a separately contained, pressurised second flowable material into the first flowable material. Summary of .- Invention
• the invention generally provides a container for separately containing a first flowable material and a second flowable material until mixing of the first and second flowable materials is desired comprising:
• (v) means for transferring the second flowable material into the first flowable material when the pressure in the first chamber is reduced.
• the means for reducing the pressure in the first chamber take the form of means for opening the first chamber to an environment external to that chamber, the external environment being at a pressure lower than the pressure in the first chamber before the first chamber is exposed to that external environment.
• a particularly preferred way of achieving this would be to provide the container with means for opening the first chamber to the atmosphere.
• Such means could take the form of, for example, a screwable/unscrewable cap fitted to a bottle, a lift off tab for a bottle or can, or a structure located on a wall of the container which is able to be pushed in so as to create an opening in the container communicating between the first chamber and its external environment.
• Such means would readily be comprehended by persons of ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, wherever reference is made in this specification and the appended claims to "means for r icing the pressure in the first chamber" .s to be understood that such references include a reference to all means of the type discussed in this paragraph.
• the second chamber has a second head space and the means for transferring the gas between the first and second chambers comprise means for establishing a pressure equilibrium between the first head space and the second head space.
• the term "equilibrium'' in the context of the balance of pressures between the first and second head spaces should not be taken as implying that the pressures in the first and second head spaces are necessarily equal or approximately equal. In fact, as detailed below, there may actually be a pressure gradient .between the first and second head spaces, but nonetheless, an equilibrium will exist between the pressures in the two chambers.
• the arrangement would thus be that the pressure in the first chamber (prior to it being opened to its external environment), would be a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. It is preferred that prior to activating the mixing of the first flowable material and the second flowable material, the pressure in the first and second head spaces is about equal. As explained above however, in other forms of the invention, there may be a difference between the pressure in the first and second head spaces. In embodiments of the invention where such a pressure differential applies, preferably, the difference between the first and second head spaces lies in the range of from about 0.1 to about 10 atmospheres.
• the pressure in each of the first and second head spaces is at least 0.1 atmosphere, gauge pressure, prior to activation of the container and in order to mix the first and second flowable materials. It is particularly preferred that pressure is at least 0.5 atmosphere, and even more preferably, at least 1 atmosphere. Therefore, the pressure in each of the first and second head spaces is preferably at least one atmosphere above atmospheric pressure, prior to the mixing of the first and second flowable materials.
• the term "flowable material” includes liquids, solutions, suspensions, v_... ⁇ ulsions, gases and any other forms of matter colloquially referred to or known as a "liquid” or a “fluid”, as well as other flowable materials, such as powders.
• the first and the second flowable materials may be materials of the same physical character, or of different kinds. In one preferred form of the invention, each of the first and second flowable materials would comprise true liquids. In yet other forms of the invention however, the first flowable material could take the form of a true liquid, and the second flowable material could (for example) take the form of a powder.
• the means for transferring the second flowable material comprise a conduit means extending from within the reservoir of the second flowable material in the second chamber into the first head space.
• the conduit may terminate within the first flowable material, in which case it would be desirable to include a siphon breaker arrangement such as a small orifice in the conduit means within the first head space. More preferably, the conduit means passes through the second head space.
• the conduit means comprise a structure through which the flowable material may travel.
• Preferred structures for this purpose include tubes, and channels (including enclosed and open channels).
• the structure could take the form of one or more bores formed through a wall or like partition separating the two chambers of the apparatus.
• a particuiariy preferred conduit means would include a capillary structure, such as (for example), a capillary tube.
• capillary includes not only structures or apparatus which are thin or of hairlike configuration, but also, other structures or apparatus which are capable of employing a capillary action.
• the means for equilibrating pressure co ⁇ v.ses a small orifice in the conduit means within the second head space.
• the orifice may be a round hole but could equally well be an oblate or square hole, a slot, or the like. It will be appreciated that gradual pressurisation and depressurisation of the second head space occurs when the orifice is present since the orifice is in direct fluid communication through the conduit means and the orifice in its end (or the orifice operating as a siphon breaker) with the first head space.
• the transfer mechanism additionally comprises means whereby the second flowable material travels through the second head space, prior to entering the first chamber.
• This arrangement would prevent the second flowable material from entering the first chamber by leakage through gravity, unless and until it is transferred from the second chamber by equilibration of pressures between the first and second chambers, as described earlier.
• the container would effectively provide a "liquid lock", thereby preventing premature transfer of the second flowable material into the first flowable material, until transfer is activated in accordance with the invention.
• the orifice remains above the level of the second flowable material, even if the container is laid on its side.
• the second flowable material cannot block the orifice at any time except when flow of the second flowable material through the conduit means is induced by opening the first chamber to the atmosphere.
• This will minimise the possibility of leakage when the container is laid on its side as any small pressure differentials created due to fluctuations in temperature or the like will be quickly equilibrated, irrespective of the orientation of the container.
• It may at timt_ be desirable to provide an orifice adapted to be variable in size. For example, the orifice may be fully opened when the first chamber is fully pressurised to ensure that effectively, no pressure differential is created between the first chamber and the second chamber, but the orifice could be restricted or closed when the first chamber is about to be opened to the atmosphere.
• the arrangement facilitates the transfer of the second flowable material whilst minimising the possibility of leakage when the container is in the unopened condition, since the exchange of gases between the first chamber and the second chamber will be enhanced in that condition. This is particuiariy so because one can use an orifice larger than that which would ensure adequate discharge of the second flowable material if its diameter can be restricted prior to discharge.
• the orifice may comprise a slit or valve formed in the capillary.
• the slit or valve will be closed when the pressure differential between the first chamber and the second chamber is less than a predetermined amount.
• the predetermined amount is, preferably, between 0.1 atmospheres and 2 atmospheres, gauge pressure.
• the slit or valve When the pressure in the first chamber exceeds the pressure in the second chamber by more than this predetermined amount, the slit or valve will open and allow the pressure in the two chambers to reach afT equilibrium, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that in the case of a typical carbonated beverage container made in accordance to the invention, the pressure differential arising when discharge occurs is of the order of 0.5 atmospheres, so this differential will, of course, open the small orifice, but the orifice is too small for such a large pressure differential to be equilibrated.
• the advantage of using a slit which is closed when no pressure differential, or only a small pressure differential less than the predetermined amount, exists, is that leakage of the second flowable material is minimised.
• the second chamber could be made of or include a portion of a gas permeable plastic such as low density polyethylene, high impact polystyrene, polycarbonate, co-polymers of two or more such plastics materials, or the like.
• a gas permeable plastic such as low density polyethylene, high impact polystyrene, polycarbonate, co-polymers of two or more such plastics materials, or the like.
• diffusion of gas through the gas permeable plastic impregnates the second flowable material in a second chamber containing that flowable material.
• the entire capsule could be made out of a gas permeable plastic, however, in some applications of the invention, it is preferable to make the capsule out of a plastic which is relatively non-permeable to gas and to make the conduit means (including those parts of it which are in contact with the first head space) out of a gas permeable plastic.
• the conduit means does not require an orifice to be formed therein, but rather the gas merely diffuses through the plastic forming the conduit means.
• a portion of the conduit means may be made of a gas permeable plastic.
• a particularly suitable gas permeable plastic is low density polyethylene, although other gas permeable plastics are known which are also suitable.
• part of the capsule (other than the conduit means) could be made out of a gas permeable plastic.
• the second chamber floats on the top of the first flowable material, or is fixed to the container at or above the level of the first flowable material.
• the second chamber may be fixed to the underside of the cap.
• the second chamber is preferably located adjacent to or below the cap, but is attached to the neck of the bottle.
• the conduit means in any such arrangement, the second head space and the first head space are separated merely by the walls of the second chamber.
• the conduit means to consist of a capillary or a structure otherwise defining a channel.
• suitable structures include a gooseneck capillary or a concentric pipe arrangement.
• a capillary or channel-defining structure comprises a first vertical portion extending from within the reservoir of the second flowable material in the second chamber into the second head space, a horizontal portion extending through the wall of the second chamber into _ J first head space and a second vertical portion within the first head space to direct the second flowable material, when ejected from the second chamber, into the first flowable material.
• the orifice to allow equilibration of the pressures in the first and second head spaces, could be in any part of the capillary or channel-defining structure, provided it is above the level of the second flowable material.
• such a capillary or channel-defining structure may comprise a first vertical position extending from within the reservoir of the second flowable material in the second chamber into the second head space, a horizontal portion within the second head space and a second vertical portion extending from the second head space through the second liquid (but without any means of communicating therewith) and then through a bottom wall of the second chamber into the first head space.
• the orifice or valve to allow equalisation of the pressures in the first and second head spaces could be in the horizontal portion of the capillary or channel-defining structure, but could also be in either the first or second vertical portions of such a structure provided it is above the level of the second flowable material.
• means are also provided to keep the orifice above the level of the second flowable material, even if the container is laid on its side.
• this is achieved by ensuring that the second flowable material is filled only to a predetermined level and that the orifice is in a position whioh is above that level, irrespective of the orientation of the container, although of course it will be appreciated the total inversion of the container or some other inappropriate handling could immerse the orifice. It may also be necessary for the container to be packaged in such a way that it cannot be positioned in certain orientations.
• a first such orifice is located in the first vertical portion not far above the surface of the second flowable material and a second such orifice is located further from the second flowable material in the first vertical portion or in the second vertical portion or the horizontal portion.
• gas ⁇ A-nange can still occur through the second orifice.
• a non-wetting agent could be added to the second flowable material or coated onto the inside of the capillary to minimise movement of the second flowable material into the capillary prior to discharge.
• a mechanical barrier on the end of the first vertical portion could be employed to prevent entry of the second flowable material into the first vertical portion of the capillary/ channel defining structure.
• a suitable barrier could comprise a cap secured to the bottom wall of the second chamber and able to receive the end of the first vertical portion of the capillary, the cap having a small orifice formed in its side.
• the first vertical portion of the capillary/structure when received in the cap, closes the small orifice in the side of the cap but, when it moves away from the bottom of the second chamber, for example when the cap of the container (in this case, in the form of a bottle) is unscrewed, the small orifice is opened. Accordingly, entry of the second liquid to the capillary/structure is prevented while the bottle is closed but opening the bottle brings the end of the first vertical portion of the capillary into a position where the small orifice in the cap is no longer sealed and discharge can occur.
• the horizontal portion of the capillary abuts the underside of the cap of a bottle and the capillary is adapted for folding movement in the vicinity of the orifice.
• this folding movement occurs in response to pressure applied, generally manually, to the bottle cap and causes the capillary to fold in such a manner as to restrict or close the orifice.
• digital pressure can be applied to the cap of a bottle just prior to opening, or as a part of the opening action, to restrict or close the orifice.
• back flow prevention means are provided in the capillary to ensure that the first flowable material does not flow through the capillary into the second chamber, for example, when the container is laid on its side.
• Such back flow prevention means may comprise a simple flap of a suitable material secured within the capillary in such a manner as to prevent flow of the flowable material from the first chamber into the second chamber but to allow the flow of the second flowable material from the second chamber into the first chamber.
• the flap is locateo .. ⁇ the second vertical portion of the capillary very near its opening to the first chamber.
• a one-way valve could be used in place of the flap of material.
• Alternative means could be used for transferring the second flowable material.
• the second liquid may be transferred (for example, by injection) through an orifice formed in a bottom wall of the second chamber.
• the orifice will be sealed whilst there is no pressure differential between the first chamber and the second chamber but when the first chamber is suddenly depressurised upon opening to the atmosphere, the orifice will be opened. This may be accomplished, for example, by covering the orifice with a burstable sealing strip which ruptures on opening of the container, or by various arrangements of valve means.
• Suitable valve means for this purpose include an orifice that is opened by relative movement (ie, separation) apart of opposed walls structurally defining or forming part of the bottom wall of the second chamber, poppet valves in the bottom wall and the like.
• valve stem fixed in the orifice prior to screwing on the cap of a bottle but adapted for capture by the cap as the cap is screwed on, whereupon when the cap is unscrewed the valve stem is unseated from the orifice.
• the valve stem may be secured to the cap throughout the closing operation but has a sharp-end which pierces the bottom wall of the second chamber forming the orifice, but sealing it as it is created.
• the means for transferring the second flowable material could comprise a conduit means in the form of a stand pipe which is concentrically located within the second chamber, adapted for capture with the cap of a bottle as the cap is fitted to the bottle, and which also has an associated valve means located at the top or the bottom of the stand pipe, wherein the transfer of the second flowable material into the first flowable material is activated by opening the cap.
• the opening of the cap may be a uated by unscrewing it, by a lift off mechanism, or by other means which would readily be apparent to those skilled in the art.
• either the bottom or the top wall of the container is flexible and the orifice is closed by sealing against a valve stem affixed to the top wall of the second chamber opposite the orifice when pressure is equilibrated between the first chamber and the second chamber.
• the bottom wall or the top wall, as the case may be) flexes when the first chamber is equilibrated and so moves away from the valve stem, thereby opening the orifice.
• conduit means such as a capillary or channel-defining structure as described above are employed, the top or bottom wall of the container is flexible but seals against the opening of the conduit means to the second flowable material when pressure in the first chamber and the second chamber is equilibrated, but flexes away from it when the first chamber is depressurised.
• Yet another possible arrangement has a bottom or top wall which is not particularly flexible but is able to deform sufficiently to form a seal when held against the opening of the conduit means.
• the conduit means and the bottom or top wall are arranged so as to come into sealing contact when the cap is in sealed disposition on a bottle form of the container but to move away from sealing contact as the cap moves upwardly on the crown of the bottle during the unsealing operation.
• sealing contact is first made as the cap is screwed on after filling the bottle, is maintained whilst the bottle remains capped, and is broken as the cap is unscrewed.
• the invention further provides a container for separately containing a first flowable material and a second flowable material until it is desired to mix those materials, comprising:
• (c) means for opening the first chamber to the atmosphere so as thereby to cause the second flowable material to be transferred into the first flowable material.
• the container may also comprise means for equilibrating the pressure in the first and second chambers, prior to opening the first chamber to the atmosphere.
• means for equilibrating the pressure in the first and second chambers prior to opening the first chamber to the atmosphere.
• a tube, channel or other conduit means extending from the second head space to the first head space could be employed for this purpose.
• the pressures in the first and second chambers should be substantially equal.
• the second chamber must be introduced into the container at a time when (i) the second chamber is pressurised and (ii) the first chamber is yet to be pressurised.
• the present invention also provides a method of filling a container in accordance with the last mentioned aspect of the present invention, comp/ising the steps of:
• thermoplastic material could be used to form a plug which will melt when the container is heated, or a burstable seal could be provided to close off the conduit means, provided that the seal will burst upon a pressure differential being established between the second chamber, and the first chamber, upon opening of the first chamber to the atmosphere.
• any of the embodiments of the invention described above may include a plurality of chambers (rather than a single second chamber), capable of delivering a plurality of different flowable materials. It will also be appreciated that different flowable materials could be transferred from different chambers in the same insert or could be transferred from separate inserts.
• the second chamber is substantially smaller in volume than the first chamber. In general, it is only necessary to deliver small volumes of the second flowable material to the first flowable material. In general, in the context of a beverage container, between 1 and 90% of the second head space is occupied by the second flowable material.
• the first flowable material is a beverage.
• the second flowable material comprises a colouring such as a 1% solution of tartrazine, sunset yellow, carmoisine or brilliant blue.
• a colour change to the first liquid ie, the beverage
• a substantial volume of coloured liquid may be transferred, so as to create a two- layer effect in the container.
• the creation of a two-layer effect is reliant on the second liquid having a density very different from that of the first liquid.
• the second liquid would be floated on top of the first liquid but if injected from the bottom of the container, the second liquid may constitute the bottom layer of liquid.
• the second liquid could also be or contain a flavouring, which may or may not be colourless.
• Suitable flavouring systems are essential oils in ethyl alcohol compounded flavour chemicals and essential oils with ethyl alcohol and water ⁇ compounded flavour chemical with propylene glycol and essential oils wetted with wetting agents in aqueous solution with surfactants. Typically the flavours are present in 0.01-0.2% v/v.
• essential oils are citrus oils such as lemon, lime and orange (distilled and cold pressed), and natural spice oils such as cinnamon, buchu, peppermint and the like.
• Suitable flavour chemicals are in general esters, aldehydes, fatty acids, lactones, and terpene alcohols. Vanillin (4- hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is one example but other suitable flavourings would be well known to the person skilled in the art.
• both liquids could, for example, both be colourings, in which case a spectacular visual effect would be created. This would be particuiariy so if they are injected into the beverage in different positions.
• both such liquids could be the flavourings, in which case gradients of flavourings could be created, particuiariy if a thixotropic or thickening agent is also injected into the beverage either together with one or more of the flavourings or separately.
• each liquid could be a different class of liquid, for example a flavouring and a colouring could be injected at the same time, or at different times, as desired.
• a coloured twist as described above, is also flavoured , in which case the flavour will not permeate the entire drink immediately.
• gradients of flavour may be created.
• a typical twist is a twist of juice or juice concentrate.
• Colour changes may also be induced in other ways.
• colour formation by certain food dyes such as cochineal and anthocyanins is pH dependent, and will form different colours depending on whether they are in an acid or alkaline environment.
• This property could be exploited by containing a beverage at, pH, say, below 7 and using a dye in a weak basic solution as the second liquid.
• the basic dye solution When the container is opened the basic dye solution will be injected into the acidic solution in the container, and will lower the pH of the dye to somewhere below 7, initiating a colour change in the dye.
• a similar effect could be created by using a chelating agent as the second liquid where the presence or absence of metal ions in the dye effects the colour change in that dye.
• Flavour enhancing agents could also be incorporated into the second liquid, for example, the second liquid could constitute an aqueous solution of sugar, a formulated flavour or an artificial sweetener, such as phenylalanine. Whilst this is not particuiariy advantageous with compounds that are stable in aqueous solution, flavouring agents that are unstable in aqueous solution or flavour enhancers that are unstable in aqueous solution can be added to beverages. This enables these agents to be used when they could not previously be used at all, or had to be added in sufficient quantities to allow for breakdown of a substantial proportion of the compound.
• the second flowable material may be any other liquid or other kind of flowable material which it would be desirable to introduce into a beverage.
• it could be a tea concentrate to be introduced into a juice drink, or vice versa .
• Another example is the mixing of spirits and a soft drink .
• the second liquid could also be a thixotropic or thickening agent, a pharmaceutical (and this will be advantageous when, for example, a drug is unstable in aqueous solution but can be stored as a concentrate in ethanol or some other liquid and where it is desirable to administer it by mouth as a dilute aqueous solution or where an undesirable ta «.e in a medicine needs to be masked), quinine concentrate for mixing with carbonated water to create tonic water, or like mixtures.
• the present invention also provides a container in which the concentration of the second liquid in the first liquid can be varied.
• concentration of the second liquid in the first liquid can be varied.
• One means of doing this in the embodiments of the invention where there are means for equilibrating the pressure between the first head space and the second head space, is to provide a bleed hole or valve arrangement in the cap of a bottle. This allows some of the gas from either the first head space or the second head space to be bled gradually. Irrespective of which chamber is bled, the slight pressure differential created will quickly equilibrate so there will be no discharge of the second liquid but the pressure within both head spaces is reduced.
• the second liquid will not fully discharge. In this case there will be a tendency to rapid equalisation of pressure when the first chamber is opened to the atmosphere and this will occur to some extent before the orifice is blocked, thus reducing the pressure in the second head space.
• the second chamber is mounted on the underside of the cap of a bottle it will be appreciated that no opportunity for any further discharge of the second liquid is available if the cap is removed or disposed of. However, if the container is sealed by replacing the cap or if the second chamber is secured within the container, piau.. _g a finger over the bottle top and shaking, the second chamber will be pressurised to some extent. When the container is reopened to the atmosphere the second liquid will discharge once again thus, if an extra strong mixture is required instructions could be included on the container to proceed in the manner described above.
• one component of a mixture for example an iced tea concentrate, could be excluded from a juice drink by an arrangement in which, for example, removal of a tab from the bottle cap prior to opening the bottle removes a mechanical blockage from the capillary.
• the second liquid may include foaming promoters if it would be advantageous to cause foaming in the first chamber when the second liquid is injected therein.
• the second liquid may contain foaming inhibitors if it is likely that excessive foaming would occur when the second liquid is injected into the first liquid.
• suitable foaming inhibitors are lipids, fatty acids, for example oleic acid, and fatty alcohols, for example octanol, and suitable foaming promoters are finely divided salts and powders, proteinaceous materials such as may be derived from barley, and extracts from soapwoods and hops.
• the first chamber and/or the second chamber could include active surfaces which promote nucleation.
• active surfaces are surfaces on polyolefin structures inserted in the chamber but the entire interior of the chamber could be coated with a polyolefin.
• the provision of active surfaces enhances foaming in a beverage contained therein.
• the active surfaces maximise decarbonation of the second liquid which provides an additional driving force for discharge of the second liquid.
• Tamper proof caps may also overcome the problem of excessive foaming in those beverages prone to this, by allowing the pressure to be released by partially opening the bottle, followed by a separate action to remove the cap fully .
• a container for separately containing a major portion of a first flowable material and a minor portion of a second flowable material in the form of a liquid or a gas
• a first chamber containing the major portion of the first flowable material and having a first head space comprising gas at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure
• a second chamber containing the minor portion of the second flowable material (in the form of a liquid or gas), the gas pressure in the second chamber being at greater than atmospheric pressure
• means for transferring gas between the first chamber and the second chamber means for opening the first chamber to the atmosphere; and means for injecting the minor portion of the second flowable material into the major portion of the first flowable material, when the first chamber is opened to the atmosphere.
• some of the arrangements described above are suitable for delivering a second liquid into a first liquid, a minor portion of the first liquid into major portion of the first liquid, or a gas into the first liquid in arrangements which do not have means for equilibrating the pressure between the first chamber and the second chamber. That is to say, a prepressurised second chamber can be inserted in a bottle or othei . ⁇ rm of container suitable for use in the invention, and can deliver its contents via the arrangements described above, and such arrangements also constitute a part of the present invention.
• Fig. 1 is a cross-section through the upper portion of a container (in the form of a bottle) in accordance with the present invention
• Figs. 2a-c illustrate discharge of the insert shown in Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 3 is a cross-section through the upper portion of a bottle in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention.
• Fig. 4 is a cross-section through the upper portion of a bottle in accordance with a still further embodiment of the present invention.
• Fig. 5 is a cross-section through the top portion of a bottle in accordance with a still further embodiment of the present invention.
• Fig. 6 is a cross-section through the top-portion of a bottle in accordance with a yet another embodiment of the present invention.
• Figs. 7a-c illustrate the manner of discharge of the insert shown in Fig. 6;
• Figs. 8a-c illustrate the discharge of an insert in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention
• Figs. 9a-c illustrate the discharge of an insert in accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention.
• Figs. 10a-c illustrate the discharge of an insert in accordance with still another embodiment c. .ne present invention
• Fig. 11 is a cross-section through the bottom portion of a bottle in accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention.
• Fig. 12 is a cross-section through the bottom portion of a bottle in accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention.
• Figs. 13a-c illustrate the manner of discharge of the insert shown in Figs. 10 and 11 ;
• Figs. 14a-d illustrate the manner of pressurisation and discharge of a modification of the insert shown in Fig. 4;
• Figs. 15a-c are similar to Figs. 8a-c but illustrate an embodiment of the invention in which a gas is injected into a liquid contained in the bottle;
• Figs. 16a-c illustrate a further embodiment of the invention wherein gas is injected into a liquid contained in a bottle
• Figs. 17a-c show the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 9a-c adapted to inject gas into a liquid contained in the bottle;
• Figs 18a-c illustrate the mode of operation of a yet furthef embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 1 illustrates a bottle 10, which constitutes a first chamber, with a screw thread 11 for receiving a screw cap (not shown) formed above flange 13 so as to seal the opening 12 to the bottle.
• the bottle is filled close to the bottom of flange 13 with a first flowable material (in the form of a liquid 15), but a first head space 14, comprising gas at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure when the bottle is sealed, is left above the first liquid 15.
• the first liquid 15 is a carbonated beverage and so the head space 14 pressurises upon sealing of the bottle due to evolution of g ⁇ from the first liquid 15 but if the first liquid 15 is a "still" beverage it is common practice to pressurise the bottle with nitrogen or the like.
• an insert 16 floats on first liquid 15.
• the insert 16, which constitutes a second chamber, generally has a thermoplastic wall 19 enclosing a space which comprises a second flowable material (in the form of a liquid 17) and second head space 18.
• the insert 16 has conduit means, in this case, in the form of a gooseneck capillary 20, extending from the first head space 14 through wall 19 and into the interior thereof.
• the gooseneck capillary comprises a first vertical portion 23, a horizontal portion 22, which extends through the wall 19 of the insert 16, and a second vertical portion 21.
• Second vertical portion 21 has an opening 25 to the first head space 14.
• the gooseneck capillary 20 includes a small orifice 24, and the ratio of the diameter of the gooseneck capillary 20 to the diameter of orifice 24 is about 15:1.
• the orifice 24 is in the first vertical portion 23 of the gooseneck 20, and this portion of the gooseneck capillary 20 also includes orifice 26 opening into the second liquid 17.
• FIG. 2a The manner of discharge of the insert 16 shown in Fig. 1 is illustrated in Figs. 2a- c.
• the bottle is shown capped with cap 27, hence the bottle 10 is pressurised.
• the pressure within the bottle 10 may be anything up to 5 atmospheres in normal use, dependent on the beverage contained therein.
• the pressure in the head space 14 of the bottle 10 is in fluid connection with the second head space 18 in the insert 16 by way of inlet 25 to the gooseneck capillary 20, the gooseneck capillary 20 and the small orifice 24 formed in the gooseneck capillary 20.
• the second liquid 17 quickly flows through outlet 25 from gooseneck capillary 20 and does so as a jet of liquid since there is a substantial driving force created by the large pressure differential generated.
• the second liquid 17 surges through the first liquid 15, and if it is relatively miscible therewith, mixes rapidly.
• the second liquid is not particuiariy miscible (perhaps as it has minimal solubility in the first liquid or because it is substantially more viscous than the first liquid)
• visual effects can be created where the second liquid is a colouring, or gradients of flavour can be created where the second liquid is a flavouring.
• a twist of a coloured flavouring agent such as a juice or cordial can be created.
• a formerly transparent drink can be coloured if a miscible colouring is added or a drink can be coloured changed if a colour change additive, as described previously, is injected.
• FIG. 3 A variant of the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 1 is illustrated in Fig. 3.
• the same reference numerals have been used for similar features.
• the two embodiments differ only in that second vertical portion 21 of the gooseneck capillary terminates beneath the surface of the first liquid 15, and in that second vertical portion 21 includes a second orifice 24b.
• the second orifice 24b communicates with first head space 14, hence allows pressure equalisation between the two head spaces 14 and 18.
• the manner of discharge of the insert 16 is as described previously with reference to Figs. 2a-c except that the second liquid 17 is discharged directly into the first liquid 15 rather than into first head space 14.
• FIG. 7a-c illustrate embodiments of the invention similar to that described above with reference to Figs. 1 , 2a-c and 3 but wherein the insert is mounted on the underside of the cap of the bottle. Accordingly, the same reference numerals will be used for similar features in these Figs.
• cap 27 is seen to comprise a thread engaging portion 29 with a sealing section 28 on its underside.
• the insert 16 is secured to the underside of sealing section 28 in any convenient manner, for example, using adhesive or by thermally bonding it thereto, or by attaching it to the thread or moulded features of the cap.
• the gooseneck capillary 20 has a first vertical portion 23, including orifice 24, extending from the reservoir of second liquid 17 (and including an opening 26 thereto) into the second head space 18 as in Fig. 1.
• the horizontal portion 22 of the gooseneck capillary 20 does not pass through the wall
• a flap 30 of a suitable material is arranged so as to prevent flow of first liquid 15 into the gooseneck capillary but so as to allow the flow of second liquid 17 through outlet 25, thus the flap 30 acts as a back flow prevention means.
• the level of second liquid 17 is such that it will not cover orifice 24 if the bottle is laid on either side.
• the dotted line A represents the level of the second liquid 17 if the bottle 10 were laid on its left side as illustrated in Fig. 4 and the dotted line B illustrates the level of second liquid 17 if the bottle were laid on its right side as illustrated in. Fig. 4.
• the first vertical portion 23 of the gooseneck capillary 20 in this case has fold lines (not shown) to either side of orifice 24. Furthermore, horizontal portion 22 of the gooseneck capillary 20 abuts the underside of the cap 27. Thus, pressure applied in the direction of arrow C to the point directly above the horizontal portion 22 of the gooseneck capillary will be transferred to the first vertical portion 23 and act on the folds to either side of the orifice 24, causing the capillary to fold thereby closing or restricting orifice 24.
• Figs. 5 and 6 each illustrate an insert 16 similar to that shown in the previous Figs, but with the first vertical portion 23 of gooseneck capillary 20 positioned close to the wall 19 of insert 16 instead of centrally.
• the horizontal portion 22 of the gooseneck capillary 20 is reduced in length.
• the second vertical portion 21 of the gooseneck capillary 20 terminates in first fread space 14 but in Fig. 6 it terminates beneath the surface of the first liquid 15.
• the gooseneck capillary 20 in Fig. 6 includes a second orifice 24b and the first orifice is designated 24a.
• the function of the second orifice 24b is as described with reference to Fig. 3.
• the discharge of the insert 16 of Fig. 6 is shown in Figs. 7a-c and occurs in substantially the same manner as the discharge of the insert shown in Fig. 3 and described in connection with Figs. 2a-c.
• the major difference in the manner of discharge is that cap 27, shown sealed in Fig. 7a, is loosened in Fig. 7b but not removed completely at this stage.
• cap 27 shown sealed in Fig. 7a
• Fig. 7b but not removed completely at this stage.
• the release of pressure in the first step is sufficient to initiate injection of the second liquid 17 into first liquid 15 as seen in Fig. 7c.
• the discharge is sufficiently rapid that it will be completed before the cap is completely unscrewed.
• the insert shown in Fig. 5 discharges in a similar manner but injects the second liquid 17 into the first head space 14.
• the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 8a-c is once again similar to that illustrated in Figs. 2a-c.
• the insert 16 in this case includes a gooseneck capillary 20 which does not have the small orifice 24 formed therein, rather a portion of the top surface 31 of the insert 16 is made of a gas permeable plastics material such as nylon, polyethylene or PET so that the second liquid gradually becomes saturated with gas permeating there through from the first head space 14.
• gas dissolves in the second liquid as the gas diffuses through the gas permeable plastic, until the second liquid is saturated.
• a gas permeable plastic patch could be used in other embodiments of the insertion also including those (such as shown in Figs. 4 and 5) where the insert is mounted on a bottle cap.
• the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 9a-c comprises a bottle 40, the interior of which constitutes a first chamber, capped by a cap 41 comprising a thread engagement portion 42 and a sealing portion 43.
• the sealing portion 43 is made of a resilient material such as a thermoplastic.
• the thread engaging portion 42 of the cap engages thread on bottle 40.
• the bottle 40 includes flange 44 above which the cap 41 sits when in the fully sealed position.
• the sealing portion 43 of the cap 41 has an insert 45, constituting a second chamber of the container, attached to its underside. Furthermore, a portion of the sealing portion 43 of the cap 41 constitutes a top wall 46 of the insert 45. Side wall 47 of the insert 45 has a small orifice 48 (although a valve or a gas permeable patch could be used to ensure that the second liquid 53 does not flow out of the insert 45 whei . mottle 40 is laid on it side) formed therein and the bottom wall 49 is generally conical in shape.
• Top wall 46 has a barrel 50 formed thereon and a valve stem 51 secured within the barrel but seated within the barrel 50 in a position spaced from the base of the barrel. The valve stem 51 is anchored in orifice 52 in the bottom wall 49 of the insert 45, and so seals the orifice.
• valve stem 51 When the cap 41 is screwed onto bottle 40, the sealing portion 43 of the cap 41 deforms, hence the upper wall 46 of the insert 45 also deforms. Deformation of the upper wall 46 would tend to push valve stem 51 in a downward direction but it is anchored in orifice 52, hence the movement that occurs is for the end of the valve stem 51 secured within barrel 50 to move to a position abutting the base of the ban-el 50.
• the valve stem 51 is secured in this position and, as seen in Fig. 9c, will be held in this position when the cap is unscrewed again.
• the upper wall 46 deforms once again but this time valve stem 51 moves with it, since it is firmly held at the base of barrel 50.
• orifice 52 is opened and the second liquid 53 is injected in the first liquid 54.
• pressure is equilibrated between the first head space 55 and the second head space 56 by way of the exchange of gas through orifice 48.
• the orifice 48 is never blocked in this embodiment of the invention, the orifice is sufficiently small or takes the form of a pressure sensitive opening or valve that it cannot equilibrate a large pressure differential rapidly.
• valve stem 51 has a sharp end which can perforate the bottom wall 49 at point 52, which thereafter becomes orifice 52, when it is moved into contact with it (as shown in fig. 10b) by screwing the cap 41 onto bottle 40.
• Valve stem 51 is firmly secured within barrel 50 abutting its base in Fig. 10a, and remains in this position throughout the sealing and opening operations illustrated, as withdrawal of the valve stem 51 from the newly created orifice 52 (see Fig. 10b) results in release of the second liquid 53. This is shown in Fig.
• FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the bottom of the first chamber, in this case bottle 60, includes an insert 61 constituting a second chamber.
• the insert 61 has a wall 62 which allows it to contain second liquid 63 within its base portion 64.
• the insert 61 also has conduit means, in this case capillary 65 extending upwardly from the base part.
• the capillary 65 is straight and is in communication with the second liquid 63 through orifice 66. At its upper end, it has an orifice 67 in communication with the first liquid but the end also has back flow prevention means, in this case a flap of material 68, which acts to prevent the influx of first liquid into the capillary, at its end.
• the pressure in the second head space 69 and the first head space (not shown) above the first liquid 64 is substantially equal but there is no means of allowing these pressures to equilibrate.
• the insert In order to place the insert 61 in the bottle 60, the insert is allowed to suck up a second liquid 63 through capillary action and this is done in a pressurised atmosphere with the pressure being substantially what would be expected in the sealed bottle.
• the second liquid 63 is frozen whilst the insert 61 is pressurised and inserted into the bottle 60.
• the bottle 60 is then filled and sealed.
• the bottle 60 is heated whereupon the plug of frozen second liquid melts. Since the pressure inside the insert 61 has been chosen to be substantially equal to the pressure within the bottle 60, there is no substantial driving force for the second liquid to be injected into the first liquid 64 even after the plug melts.
• the flap of material 68 provides a back up system to prevent first liquid 64 following into the insert 61 in the event that temperature fluctuations cause a relatively large increase in the pressure in the first head space.
• Fig. 12 The embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 12 is similar to that shown in Fig. 11 except that the flap 68 of material is omitted.
• Figs. 14a-d The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 14a-d is the same as shown in Fig. 4 with the exception that it includes a cap 80 secured to the bottom wall of the insert 16.
• the cap 80 includes a small orifice 81 in its side, approximately half way up the cap.
• the cap has an open top and is generally cylindrical in cross- section. Accordingly, it is able to receive the lower end of first vertical portion 23 of the gooseneck capillary 20 (see Fig 14d, which depicts an exploded view of the physical position and arrangement of the first vertical portion 23 relative to cap 80, bottom wall of the insert 16 and small orifice 81 in the container depicted in Fig 14a).
• FIG. 15a-c The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 15a-c is identical to that shown in Figs. 8a-c, with the exception that the second vertical portion 21 of the gooseneck capillary 20 extends virtually to the bottom of the bottle 10.
• the manner of discharge illustrated in Figs. 15a-c is identical to that described with reference to Figs. 8a-c, with the exception that there is no liquid in the insert 16. Accordingly, when discharge occurs gas from insert 16 passes through gooseneck capillary 20 to where it terminates near the bottom of the bottle 10, and forms bubbles 83 in the outlet from the gooseneck capillary.
• the small bubbles formed act as nucleation sites for further bubble formation, and within a few seconds of opening the bottle, a substantial head of foam is generated in the bottle.
• the portion of the top surface 31 made of a gas permeable material could be replaced by a small orifice, as in Figs. 1 and 2a-c.
• cap 84 replaces barrel 50 and capillary tube 86 replaces valve stem 51.
• Capillary tube 86 is not captured in cap 84 as valve item 51 is in barrel 50 in the embodiment shown in Figs. 9a-c.
• cap 84 includes small orifice 85 which, when cap 84 is pushed downwardly by sealing portion 46 of cap 41 when the cap is screwed on, orifice 85 is closed by the side of capillary tube 86. This is seen in Fig. 16b.
• capillary tube 86 is once again able to slide out of cap 84, thereby opening small orifice 85 and placing the interior of the insert 45 in fluid flow connection with the interior of the bottle 40.
• discharge of gas from the insert 45 can occur through capillary tube 86.
• v. - discharge is to a point near the bottom of the bottle 40 and bubbles 83 are generated in the beverage contained in the bottle 40.
• Figs. 17a-c are similar to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 9a-c so the same numbering has been used.
• a valve stem 51 has one end 52 mounted within capillary tube 87 and the other end is adapted for capture in barrel 50.
• the capillary tube 87 extends from the insert 45 almost to the bottom of the bottle 40, commencing at the apex of the underside 49 of insert 45.
• the end 52 of valve stem 51 resides within capillary tube 87.
• the cap 41 of the bottle is screwed on, the valve stem 51 is captured by barrel 50, but the end 52 of the valve stem 51 remains disposed within capillary tube 87.
• Figs 18a-c The embodiment of the invention shown in Figs 18a-c is conceptually similar to that shown in Fig 4 and Figs 14a-d, and so in describing this further embodiment, the same numbering system as has been used in describing earlier embodiments has also been used in the following description.
• the gooseneck capillary structure that forms the conduit between the two chambers in Fig. 4 and Figs. 1 a-d is replaced with a capillary conduit formed from concentrically arranged structures, in the form of standpipes 91 and 95.
• the concentrically arranged structures may take any desired shape when viewed in cross section, but will often conveniently have a generally circular cross sectional shape.
• the capillary conduit means adopted in the embodiment shown in Figs 18a-c includes a standpipe 91 which is connected at its upper end to the insert 16, (the upper portion of which, in the illustrated embodiment, is located below the bottle cap 27), and which at its other end, defines an outlet 93 which is immersed in the second flowable material 17.
• a standpipe 91 which is connected at its upper end to the insert 16, (the upper portion of which, in the illustrated embodiment, is located below the bottle cap 27), and which at its other end, defines an outlet 93 which is immersed in the second flowable material 17.
• another stand pipe 95 Positioned concentrically within standpipe 91 is another stand pipe 95, which communicates between the head space 18 of the second chamL-,r through the bottom wall of insert 16 and into the head space 14 of the first chamber.
• This second standpipe has an opening 96 at its lower end, which as shown in Figs 18a-c, is located in the first chamber head space 14, and an opening 97 at its other end, which is located in the head space 18 of the second chamber, near the top of standpipe 91.
• Located on one wall of standpipe 95 at a position above the liquid 17 is an insert 16 and below the outlet 97 is a small orifice or slit 24 which functions in a manner similar to that of the orifice 24 described in Fig 4.
• insert 16 is fitted with a protrusion 92 on its underneath surface.
• protrusion 92 is located so as to engage the upper end of standpipe 95, and to seal that standpipe, in use of the apparatus shown.
• a concentrically arranged collar 94 connected to the bottom wall of the insert and shaped to capture opening 93 of standpipe 91 , in use of the apparatus, in the manner hereafter described.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
• Closures For Containers (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
• Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)

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• 1998
  • 1998-06-09 CN CN98807268A patent/CN1107627C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 1998-06-09 WO PCT/AU1998/000430 patent/WO1998056679A1/en active Application Filing
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  • 1998-06-09 WO PCT/AU1998/000429 patent/WO1998056678A1/en active IP Right Grant
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  • 1998-06-11 AR ARP980102782A patent/AR012969A1/es active IP Right Grant
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