EP1033412A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'épilage de peaux de rongeurs - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif d'épilage de peaux de rongeurs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1033412A1 EP1033412A1 EP00400566A EP00400566A EP1033412A1 EP 1033412 A1 EP1033412 A1 EP 1033412A1 EP 00400566 A EP00400566 A EP 00400566A EP 00400566 A EP00400566 A EP 00400566A EP 1033412 A1 EP1033412 A1 EP 1033412A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- skins
- water
- tank
- hairs
- separation tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
- C14B1/00—Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
- C14B1/02—Fleshing, unhairing, samming, stretching-out, setting-out, shaving, splitting, or skiving skins, hides, or leather
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for separating skin hairs. small animals obtained from the slaughterhouse, for further processing, for example to obtain wool or hair.
- the invention relates to a method and an associated device, to solve the above problems.
- the invention provides a method for separating the hairs from skins of small rodents, especially rabbits, applied to skins from slaughterhouses in the form of sleeves or open skins, characterized in that it includes a step of detaching the hairs from the skin at the level of the bulb by vigorous mixing in water and a step of separation of the hairs detached and skins in water by density difference, the hairs rising to the surface.
- the method according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the hairs are detached from the skin at the level of the hair bulb, and not cut flush with the skin, as in previous techniques. This Obviously allows to obtain a hair length greater than what is obtained with traditional techniques, and also simplifies the fitting used, no longer requiring the cutting of the "sleeves" of skin from the slaughterhouse, their drying and putting them substantially flat to pass a blade of cutting hairs. Furthermore, detachment by mixing and separation by difference in hair and skin density allows continuous operation of the process.
- the step of detaching the hairs from the skin is preceded by fermentation phases of the skins, then wet inflation, and is made by mixing in a humid environment.
- This provision corresponds to a favorable implementation of the process, by facilitating the detachment of the hair at the level of the bulb, thanks to a preliminary work of the skin.
- the invention also relates to a device for separating the hairs from skins of small rodents, applied to skins from slaughterhouses in the form of sleeves, characterized in that it comprises a means for mixing the skins and means for selective recovery of hair and skin.
- the depilation process according to the invention mainly comprises a step of detaching the hairs from the skin at the level of the bulb by stirring in water, and a step of separating the detached hairs and the skins by density difference.
- rabbit skins are provided for example by a slaughterhouse, in the form of "sleeves" turned undried, the skin being outside, and the hairs inside the sleeve, due to the mode of operation of slaughterhouses. It is clear that this situation contributes to the complexity of the problem of hair removal.
- the only parts that may be cut and removed before treatment are the parts containing hairs of an unacceptable color (for example example black tail when the rest of the hair is substantially white).
- the sleeves When received (at the slaughterhouse outlet), the sleeves are placed in heaps in preferably ventilated boxes, for example of length 140 cm, width 75 cm and height 30 cm, stacked one on top of the other, leaving an air layer of 5 to 6 centimeters between the boxes to ventilate the sleeves. It is clear that these dimensions are given as a preferred example purely indicative, any other dimension being a priori possible.
- the first stage of the process is then a stage of fermentation of sleeves, carried out in an oven, according to a technique of a type known to man of art.
- an oven which is here a room in which are placed a few cases of sleeves, the temperature may be controlled to speed up or slow down the fermentation of the sleeves.
- the fermentation time changes in inverse function the ambient temperature of the oven. It is clear that the temperature of the oven can be increased or cooled as required for skin treatment (acceleration or slowing down of the flow of treated skin).
- the fermentation state of the sleeves must be checked in order to achieve a sleeve whose hairs are easily detached, but whose holding of the skins is enough not to tear to shreds (rotting of the skin), which would make it more difficult to separate hairs and skins.
- the duration of stay of the sleeves in water is of the order of a few tens of minutes (for an ambient temperature of around 18 ° C), but can be extended to approximately one day without significant change in mechanical characteristics of the sleeves.
- the third stage of treatment is then a vigorous mixing of sleeves in a separation tank 1 also filled with water.
- a few hundred inflated sleeves are vigorously brewed in a water volume of a few cubic meters. Brewing is carried out by groups beaters moving in oscillating motion in the separation tank 1.
- This mixing has the effect of rubbing the inflated sleeves against others. Brewing provides hair and skin with energy mechanical enough to cause their detachment from the skin at the level of the bulb. It should be noted that this mixing allows the detachment of the hairs, even when the sleeves are turned over, with the hairs located inside the muff. Naturally, the process also works on skins open.
- Permanent injection of water and air at the bottom of the separation tank 1 causes a permanent overflow of the separation tank 1, on one side chosen lower height, causing a surface movement resulting loose hairs, and where the loose hairs are collected, for example on a narrow grid allowing water to pass through.
- the feed water is recycled substantially in a closed loop, from so that only about a few cubic meters of water are used per hour by the separation tank, which increases the "load” of water (mainly in fat) before its treatment in a unit adapted and conventional treatment near the epilation units.
- the brewing time of each sleeve is of the order of approximately twenty to thirty minutes, after which a very large proportion of the hairs are found detached from the skin.
- the loose hairs are optionally washed and dried in a conventional manner, before spinning or other processing.
- the skins are collected at the end of a separation tank 1. They are almost completely free of hair, and can therefore be used for glue or collagen, fertilizer, etc. manufacturing applications according to techniques also known per se, and outside the scope of the present invention.
- the device used for this mixing will now be described, by way of non-limiting example, with regard to FIG. 2.
- It consists of a partition 1, of substantially parallelepiped shape, or slightly flared as seen in Figure 2, with a capacity for example of a few cubic meters (depending on the desired yield), and conventionally made of metal.
- the dimensions of the separation tank 1 are here 2 meters in length, 80 centimeters in width, and 1 meter in height.
- This separation tank 1 has a water supply pipe 3 and in skins previously swollen with water, which is a metallic tube of diameter approximately 15 cm.
- the supply consists in the present nonlimiting example of a tank 4 with a volume of approximately 1 m3, permanently supplied with water.
- a 15 cm metal pipe 5 diameter approximately is connected to a piston pump 6 of conventional type, of power 3 to 10 kW approximately, which injects the "mixture" of water and inflated sleeves of water in the separation tank 1 via the pipe 3, which ends in the lower part of said separation tank 1. It is clear that the speed of operation of the piston pump 6 is adjusted according to the volume of sleeves that you want to inject into the separation tank at any time.
- a low grid 7, intended to constitute a limit for movements of the sleeves.
- Grid low 7 allows good diffusion of the air and water injected into the separation 1.
- a conventional device for injecting water and air into the separation tank allows continuous or pulsed injection, as required.
- the stirring device also includes a stirring means, which includes several groups of drummers 11 (also called ramps brewing) inserted, immersed in the upper part 10 of the tank (represented in symbolic form by slashes interspersed on the figure 2).
- Each mixer 11 has a length of 80 cm, and is made, in the this example, in the form of a steel tube with a square section of 5 x 5 cm.
- the beaters 11 are joined by their upper part to an upper bar 14, which allows their training simultaneous in movement in the separation tank 1.
- the spacing between the drummers 11 of the different groups is a few millimeters (4 to 7 mm typically), which prevents the pieces from skins to rise to the surface with loose hairs.
- a horizontal water injection (not shown in Figure 2) is placed under the surface of the separation tank 1 along one of its sides, to create a surface movement of the water, and thus cause the hairs detached supernatant.
- the separation tank 1 also includes a zone of overflow 15 located opposite this side, and a narrow grid (not shown) which retains loose hairs but lets water overflowing from the separation tank 1.
- a outlet 16 for shaved skin is planned, with a diameter of approximately 15 cm. It is connected to a piston pump 17, of conventional type, which injects the skins into a wringing device 18, making it possible to recover a large volume of water, then reinjected into the separation tank 1 or into the tank 4.
- This device for example consists of a vertical perforated cylinder 19 integrated in a second sealed external cylinder 20. In the lower part of this cylinder watertight exterior 20, a hose 21 brings the spin water back to the separation 1.
- the wrung skins are transferred by a pipe 22 secured to the upper part of the perforated cylinder 19 in a storage tank 2 for treatment subsequent classic type.
- the same wringing system can be used to wring out the hairs detached after their recovery.
- the invention applies in particular to the skins of rabbits, which are produced regularly by rabbit slaughterhouses, which are very often destroyed for lack of being able to be correctly treated. But the present invention also applies to the treatment of the skins of other animals such as rodents.
- the recovery of loose hairs on the surface of the separation tank 1 can be facilitated by the creating a movement on the surface of the separation tank is achieved by injection of a horizontal water flow just below the surface of the separation tank 1 along one of its sides.
- this recovery of loose hairs is performed by a regular scraping device from the surface of the separation 1.
- a treadmill placed flush with the surface permanently pulls loose hairs out of the separation tank 1.
- the process can naturally be carried out either continuously, with a permanent water supply and inflated sleeves, and continuous recovery separate hairs and skins.
- the supply of water and skins of the separation tank is produced by pumping by a piston pump of a fluid mixing water and swollen skins, stored in a tank 4.
- a air supply is also provided at the bottom of the inflation tank, to speed up the process.
- many brewing devices can be considered, for example: hydraulic cylinders connected to arms or sheets articulated in the tank, means for tilting the tank itself, a rotation device inside the tank.
- this mixing is carried out by oscillating movements in a direction substantially vertical, for example of a group of bars arranged in comb, moved by a hydraulic cylinder
- the detachment of the hair is obtained by an ultrasonic process.
- one or more ultrasonic devices are attached to the walls of the tank and facilitate by vibrations induced detachment of the hairs.
- the volume of the separation 1 is increased (with dimensions for example of 6 meters length, 1.5 meters in width and 1 meter in height), so as to allow simultaneous treatment of approximately 2000 skins, and therefore reach a flow of 5000 to 6000 skins per hour.
- the sleeves are then injected at one end of the tank. separation 1, and the shaved hairs and skins are continuously recovered to each other end of the separation tank 1.
- the same pumping device by piston pump and 15 cm diameter hose approximately is used for the transfer of the sleeves from the ovens to several inflation tanks 4 (similar to a large tank), this which further reduces the handling to be performed, and allows better process automation.
- each inflation basin 4 can be sized to accommodate 40,000 skins during inflation, each pool having a valve, and a mobile pump 6 secured to flexible hoses 3, 5 allowing to choose among the basins 4 the source of supply of the tank of separation 1 at a given time.
- a continuous treatment up to more than 100,000 skins per day.
- the sleeves once steamed and inflated, are hung in a chain, and passed between cylinders with rubber blades for example, which carry out the work of detaching the hair at the level of the bulb, in a similar manner to a manual removal.
- the skins are removed on the entire width of the tank, and this tank fills up suddenly, allowing improved skin advancement.
- the outlet pump is in permanently in operation.
- a sliding door 23 (or door fixed by suction cup or other conventional means) is secured to an opening means 24 and chain, sprocket, gearmotor closure. It is opened very quickly on along slides 25, and stays open for about 20 seconds.
- a counter blade 26 is arranged opposite the sliding door 23, to improve the functioning of the whole.
- the tank then fills very quickly.
- the door is then closed, also quickly, and remains closed for a period of, for example, two minutes twenty seconds (tank emptying time). Then the cycle resumes with a new opening of the door etc.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la phase de fermentation est réalisée en étuve dans des caisses aérées ou non, pendant une durée de un à quelques jours, selon une progression inverse de la température ambiante.
- la phase de gonflage humide est réalisée pendant une durée allant de quelques dizaines de minutes à une journée environ, dans un bac rempli d'eau.
- la phase de brassage est réalisée par des groupes de batteurs mus en mouvement oscillant dans une cuve de séparation comportant une alimentation en eau et en peaux préalablement gonflées d'eau. Elle est réalisée à température ambiante, et de l'eau et de l'air sont injectés dans la cuve de séparation.
- le procédé comporte en outre une phase de récupération à la surface de la cuve de séparation des poils détachés de la peau.
- l'alimentation en eau et en peaux de la cuve de séparation est réalisée par pompage par une pompe à piston d'un fluide mêlant de l'eau et des peaux gonflées, stocké dans un réservoir.
- le procédé comporte une phase de récupération et une phase d'essorage des peaux épilées.
- le procédé comporte le recyclage sensiblement en boucle fermée de l'eau de la cuve de séparation.
- la figure 1 est un organigramme du procédé d'épilage selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 est un schéma fonctionnel du dispositif d'épilage selon l'invention.
- la figure 3 est une vue d'une variante de moyen de sortie des peaux épilées.
Claims (21)
- Procédé de séparation des poils de peaux de petits rongeurs, notamment de lapins, appliqué à des peaux issues d'abattoirs sous forme de manchons ou de peaux ouvertes, caractérisé en ce que il comporte une étape de détachement des poils de la peau au niveau du bulbe par brassage vigoureux des manchons ou peaux ouvertes dans de l'eau et une étape de séparation des poils détachés et des peaux dans de l'eau par différence de densité, les poils remontant en surface.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de détachement des poils de la peau est précédée de phases de fermentation des peaux, puis de gonflage humide.
- Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la phase de fermentation est réalisée en étuve, pendant une durée de un à quelques jours, selon une progression inverse de la température ambiante.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la phase de gonflage humide est réalisée pendant une durée allant de quelques dizaines de minutes à un jour environ, dans un bac rempli d'eau.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le brassage vigoureux est réalisé par des groupes de batteurs mus en mouvement oscillant dans une cuve de séparation (1) comportant une alimentation en eau (3) et en peaux préalablement gonflées d'eau.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le brassage vigoureux est réalisé à température ambiante, et en ce que de l'eau et de l'air sont injectés dans la cuve de séparation (1).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le brassage des peaux a une durée de quelques dizaines de minutes pour une fréquence de mouvement des groupes de batteurs de l'ordre de environ 60 à 140 mouvements par minute.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que il comporte en outre une phase de récupération à la surface de la cuve de séparation (1) des poils détachés remontés en surface.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la récupération est réalisée par création d'un mouvement à la surface de la cuve de séparation (1) entraínant les poils détachés vers un moyen de récupération.
- Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la création d'un mouvement à la surface de la cuve de séparation (1) est réalisée par injection d'un flux d'eau horizontal juste sous la surface de la cuve de séparation (1) le long d'un de ses côtés.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'alimentation en eau et en peaux de la cuve de séparation (1) est réalisée par pompage par une pompe à piston (6) d'un fluide mêlant de l'eau et des peaux gonflées, stocké dans un réservoir (4).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que il comporte une phase de récupération et une phase d'essorage des peaux épilées.
- Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la phase d'essorage des peaux épilées est réalisée par pompage des peaux dans un cylindre perforé (19) à l'eau.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que il comporte le recyclage sensiblement en boucle fermée de l'eau de la cuve de séparation.
- Dispositif de séparation des poils de peaux de petits rongeurs, appliqué à des peaux issues d'abattoirs sous forme de manchons ou de peaux ouvertes, caractérisé en ce que il comporte un moyen de brassage (11 à 15) des peaux et des moyens de récupération sélective des poils détachés et des peaux épilées.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'une cuve de séparation (1) comportant un moyen d'alimentation (3 à 6) en eau et en peaux préalablement gonflées d'eau, et en ce que le moyen de brassage comporte des groupes de batteurs (11) mus en mouvement oscillant.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens d'injection (9) continue ou pulsée d'eau et d'air dans la cuve de séparation (1).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que il comporte une grille basse (7) dans la cuve de séparation (1), disposée entre une partie inférieure (8) de cuve comportant des entrées (9) d'air et d'eau à injecter, et une partie supérieure (10) de cuve, destinée à accueillir de l'eau contenant des peaux.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 18, caractérisé en ce que il comporte un moyen d'entraínement (12, 13) des groupes de batteurs (11) selon une fréquence de l'ordre de environ 60 à 140 mouvements par minute.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 19, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'alimentation en eau et en peaux de la cuve de séparation (1) comporte un réservoir (4) rempli d'eau et de peaux, et une pompe à piston (6) connectée au réservoir (4) et à la cuve de séparation (1) par des tuyaux (3, 5) d'environ 15 cm de diamètre.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 20, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de récupération sélective des poils comporte un moyen d'injection d'un flux d'eau horizontal juste sous la surface de la cuve de séparation (1) le long d'un de ses côtés, une zone de débordement (15) continu située de façon opposée à ce côté.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9902634A FR2790482B1 (fr) | 1999-03-03 | 1999-03-03 | Procede et dispositif d'epilage de peaux de rongeurs |
FR9902634 | 1999-03-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1033412A1 true EP1033412A1 (fr) | 2000-09-06 |
Family
ID=9542767
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00400566A Withdrawn EP1033412A1 (fr) | 1999-03-03 | 2000-03-02 | Procédé et dispositif d'épilage de peaux de rongeurs |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1033412A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2790482B1 (fr) |
Cited By (13)
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US8126558B2 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2012-02-28 | Obtech Medical Ag | Controlled penile prosthesis |
US9364595B2 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2016-06-14 | Peter Forsell | Heart help device, system, and method |
RU2680543C1 (ru) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-02-22 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) | Микроволновая установка с цилиндрическими передвижными резонаторами для отделения волосяного покрова со шкур кроликов при смачивании в рассоле |
RU2682890C1 (ru) * | 2018-01-16 | 2019-03-22 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) | Сверхвысокочастотная многорезонаторная установка для отделения пуха от шкуры кроликов |
RU2699194C2 (ru) * | 2018-01-16 | 2019-09-03 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) | СВЧ установка для отделения волосяного покрова со шкур кроликов при отволаживании в рассоле |
RU2699709C1 (ru) * | 2018-04-11 | 2019-09-09 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) | СВЧ установка с тороидальными резонаторами для отделения волосяного покрова от кожи шкур кроликов в процессе распыления рассола |
RU2703918C2 (ru) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-10-22 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) | Установка для отделения пуха от шкуры кроликов в электромагнитном поле сверхвысокой частоты |
RU2703915C2 (ru) * | 2018-01-16 | 2019-10-22 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) | Микроволновая установка с эллипсоидными резонаторами для отделения волосяного покрова со шкур кроликов в непрерывном режиме |
RU2708920C2 (ru) * | 2018-05-07 | 2019-12-12 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) | СВЧ-установка для отделения волосяного покрова со шкур кроликов при отволаживании в рассоле |
RU2713711C1 (ru) * | 2019-09-19 | 2020-02-06 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) | СВЧ установка с призматическим резонатором для отделения пуха от шкурок кроликов в непрерывном режиме |
RU2715341C1 (ru) * | 2018-04-11 | 2020-02-26 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) | СВЧ установка с биконическим резонатором для ослабления прочности соединения волосяного покрова с кожей шкур кроликов в непрерывном режиме |
RU2716968C2 (ru) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-03-17 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) | Микроволновая технология отделения обеззараженного волосяного покрова от шкур кроликов в биконическом резонаторе |
CN113061667A (zh) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-02 | 永州跃达服装有限公司 | 一种用于牛皮制革系统的预处理装置 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE353900A (fr) * | ||||
FR458396A (fr) * | 1913-05-27 | 1913-10-09 | Albert Van Osselaer | Machine à couper les poils des déchets de peaux de lapins, lièvres et autres |
US2965435A (en) * | 1957-06-28 | 1960-12-20 | Realisations Ultrasoniques Sa | Process for dehairing of skins with ultrasonic energy |
EP0012089A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-04 | 1980-06-11 | Claude Tournier | Machine pour épiler la peau d'animaux d'abattoirs |
-
1999
- 1999-03-03 FR FR9902634A patent/FR2790482B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-03-02 EP EP00400566A patent/EP1033412A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE353900A (fr) * | ||||
FR458396A (fr) * | 1913-05-27 | 1913-10-09 | Albert Van Osselaer | Machine à couper les poils des déchets de peaux de lapins, lièvres et autres |
US2965435A (en) * | 1957-06-28 | 1960-12-20 | Realisations Ultrasoniques Sa | Process for dehairing of skins with ultrasonic energy |
EP0012089A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-04 | 1980-06-11 | Claude Tournier | Machine pour épiler la peau d'animaux d'abattoirs |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8126558B2 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2012-02-28 | Obtech Medical Ag | Controlled penile prosthesis |
US9364595B2 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2016-06-14 | Peter Forsell | Heart help device, system, and method |
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FR2790482A1 (fr) | 2000-09-08 |
FR2790482B1 (fr) | 2001-05-11 |
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