EP1033173B1 - Centrifuge with Ranque tube cooling - Google Patents

Centrifuge with Ranque tube cooling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1033173B1
EP1033173B1 EP00400470A EP00400470A EP1033173B1 EP 1033173 B1 EP1033173 B1 EP 1033173B1 EP 00400470 A EP00400470 A EP 00400470A EP 00400470 A EP00400470 A EP 00400470A EP 1033173 B1 EP1033173 B1 EP 1033173B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
centrifuge
centrifuge according
locking
valve
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP00400470A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1033173A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Charles Michel Letourneur
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Jouan SA
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Jouan SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges
    • B04B15/02—Other accessories for centrifuges for cooling, heating, or heat insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
    • B04B7/02—Casings; Lids
    • B04B7/06—Safety devices ; Regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/06—Fluid drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/08—Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing ; Couplings; Brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
    • F25B9/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect using vortex effect

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a centrifuge comprising a enclosure, a rotor disposed therein, rotational drive means rotor, and means for cooling the atmosphere of the enclosure.
  • US-A-4 193 536 discloses a centrifuge according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention applies in particular to the centrifugation of biological products.
  • the cooling of the atmosphere of the enclosure of such a centrifuge is generally provided by cooling a wall of the enclosure, for example by circulating a cooling fluid outside the enclosure or using a Peltier effect system.
  • This last aspect is particularly troublesome for the centrifugation of products capable of releasing pathogenic or toxic substances, a such centrifugation to be performed in suitable rooms.
  • the volume of these parts which respect for example standards of containment type P3 or P4, is limited and many devices releasing large amounts of heat are usually gathered in these pieces. Now, such a release of large amounts of heat is detrimental to the proper functioning of these devices, their service life, and the results of the manipulations.
  • the object of the invention is to solve these problems by providing a centrifuge whose cooling means are effective and drive limited heat production outside the enclosure.
  • the subject of the invention is a centrifuge according to claim 1.
  • the centrifuge can understand one or more of the features of the dependent claims.
  • the door 4 is articulated at 13 on the tank 3 to be movable between a closed position, as shown in Figure 1, and an open position not represented access to the interior of the enclosure 5.
  • the enclosure 5 When the door 4 is in the closed position, the enclosure 5 is rendered waterproof with respect to the outside, in particular thanks to a seal 14 compressed between the door 4 and the tank 3.
  • the door 4 In the open position, the door 4 is raised relative to its position closed.
  • the centrifuge 1 further comprises a pneumatic device 16 (in dotted lines) locking the door 4 in the closed position. This device will be described later with reference to FIG.
  • the means 8 of training comprise a shaft 18 secured to the rotor 6 and a turbine 19 whose blades 20 are shown schematically in Figure 1. This turbine 19 is secured to the shaft 18.
  • the centrifuge 1 also comprises a pneumatic brake 25 which comprises (Fig.2) two jaws 26 hinged to a shaft 27 and arranged on both sides of the shaft 18 for driving the rotor 6.
  • jaws 26 are movable transversely to the shaft 18 between a close braking position (not shown), where they enclose the tree 18, and a spaced position, where the shaft 18 rotates freely between the jaws 26 as shown in FIG.
  • the brake 25 further comprises a spring 28 for restoring the jaws 26 in their close position and a single acting pneumatic cylinder 29 arranged between the jaws 23.
  • a spring 28 for restoring the jaws 26 in their close position
  • a single acting pneumatic cylinder 29 arranged between the jaws 23.
  • the gas purification unit 10 comprises, for example, a filter of HEPA type.
  • the means 11 for cooling the atmosphere of the enclosure 5 comprise a tube of Ranque 30.
  • This conventional device comprises a generator of swirling flow 31 to which are connected an inlet 32 supplying gas under pressure, a cold outlet 33 and a hot outlet 34 gas.
  • the locking device 16 comprises a strike 36 secured to the door 4, a first bolt 37 and a second bolt 38.
  • the first bolt 37 can slide between a locking position of the door 4 (FIG. 3), in which the first bolt is engaged in the striker 36, and an unlocking position of the door (Fig.5), wherein the bolt 37 is removed from strike 36.
  • the second bolt 38 can slide orthogonally to the first bolt between a locking position of the first bolt 37 in its locking position (Fig.3), and a release position of the first bolt 37 (Fig.5).
  • the second bolt 38 In its locking position, the second bolt 38 is engaged in a recess 39 formed in the first bolt 37.
  • the first bolt is constituted by the stem of a first pneumatic cylinder 40 double effect and the second bolt 38 is constituted by the stem of a second pneumatic cylinder 41 single effect.
  • the shutter 47 is slidable between an unlocking position of the door 4, where it compresses a spring 470, and a locking position of the gate 4, or rest position, in which the spring 470 is not compressed.
  • the centrifuge further comprises a silencer 48, a source 49 pressurized air and a source 50 of decontamination gas, for example formalin.
  • the air of the source 49 is for example at a pressure of between 3 and 6 bars.
  • FIG. 3 as in FIGS. 4 and 5, the inside of the pipes containing pressurized air is shown in gray.
  • the first of these flows is conveyed by a pipe 51 to the switching valve 46.
  • the shutter 47 is at rest, that is to say in position of the door 4, this first flow is then conveyed by a individual conduct 52 to a first portion 53 of the chamber 54 of the first cylinder 40.
  • This first flow pushes the piston 55 of the first jack 40 to the left in FIG. 3, so that the first bolt 37 is pushed towards its position of door lock 4.
  • the second flow from the automatic locking valve 44 passes through a valve 57 timed by a control unit 58 which controls its opening during the centrifugation time.
  • the control unit 58 is example a pneumatic or mechanical unit.
  • This second flow is itself shared at the outlet of the valve 57 in two streams.
  • the first of these flows is sent, via a pipe 59, to the chamber 60 of the second cylinder 41, to push the piston 61 of this cylinder upwards in FIG. 3, so that the second bolt 38 is pushed into its position of blocking the first bolt 37.
  • the pneumatic cylinder 29 of the brake 25 is fed with air under pressure so that the jaws 26 are in spaced position and let the shaft 18 rotate freely.
  • the relaxed air from the hot outlet 34 of Ranque's tube is also discharged to the outside of the centrifuge 1 by the silencer 48.
  • Air relaxed at low temperature, for example -10 ° C, from the outlet cold 33 of the Ranque tube is routed via a pipe 65 to an inlet 66 of the enclosure 5.
  • the cold air is ejected by this input 66 under and towards the rotor 6 while cooling the atmosphere of the enclosure 5.
  • valve 57 is closed automatically by the control unit 58.
  • the pneumatic cylinder 29 of the brake 25 not being more fed with pressurized air, the jaws 26 are automatically placed in the close braking position of the rotor 6.
  • the pressurized air contained in the chamber 60 of the second cylinder 41 is evacuated by the pipe 59 and then by the pipe 62 to the silencer 48, and the piston 61 of the second cylinder 41 is pushed back by a spring 68.
  • the second bolt 38 is returned to its position of release of the first bolt 37.
  • the first portion 53 of the chamber 54 is vented, through a pipe 71 (Figs.1 and 4) and the silencer 48.
  • the shutter 47 of the switching valve 46 having been brought back towards its rest position by the spring 470, the air under pressure present in the second part 70 of the chamber 54 of the first jack 40 has been evacuated successively by a pipe 72, by the pipe 71, and by the silencer 48.
  • the number of electrical and mechanical devices of the centrifuge 1, in particular for heating and rotating the rotor 6 is limited.
  • This characteristic is particularly interesting for centrifugation products that can release explosive substances.
  • the combination of pneumatic means 8 for training of the rotor 6 and the gas purification unit 10 withdrawn from the chamber 5, in which the circulation of gas withdrawn is controlled by the pressurized air driving the turbine 19, makes it possible simultaneously to provide a drive for the rotor 6 and a filtration of the atmosphere of the enclosure 5.
  • the centrifuge 1 is suitable for centrifugation of dangerous products by limiting the risks emission of these substances outside the centrifuge 1.
  • Venturi 21 injection system delivering at the output a larger gas flow than that supplying the injector 22, allows to drive the turbine 19 and therefore the rotor 6 at relatively high.
  • the use of a cold gas injection in particular obtained using of a tube of Ranque, allows a satisfactory cooling of the atmosphere of the enclosure 5, with good performance and limiting heat emissions to the outside of the enclosure 5.
  • the use of the Ranque tube makes it possible to limit the congestion of the means 11 for cooling the atmosphere of the enclosure 5.
  • the gas purification unit 10 comprises a chemical gas treatment device withdrawn from the chamber 5, which neutralizes dangerous substances that may be released by the products to be centrifuged.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a simplified embodiment of a centrifuge 1.
  • the means of training in rotation of the rotor 6 comprise for example an electric motor.
  • the outlet 73 of the purified gas purification unit 10 is then connected directly to silencer 48.
  • This gas flow also creates an overpressure in the enclosure 5, although that, the chamber 5 being sealed, this overpressure causes a gas withdrawal by the exit 64 of the enclosure 5.
  • the withdrawn gas is then purified by the purification unit and then evacuated via the silencer 48.
  • This centrifuge 1 can be used for the centrifugation of non-explosive toxic substances.
  • the output 64 of the tank 3 is put directly in the air, the centrifuge does not include any unit 10 of purification.
  • This last embodiment is particularly suitable for centrifugation products that do not release dangerous substances.

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Description

La présente invention concerne une centrifugeuse comprenant une enceinte, un rotor disposé dans celle-ci, des moyens d'entraínement en rotation du rotor, et des moyens de refroidissement de l'atmosphère de l'enceinte.The present invention relates to a centrifuge comprising a enclosure, a rotor disposed therein, rotational drive means rotor, and means for cooling the atmosphere of the enclosure.

Le document US-A-4 193 536 décrit une centrifugeuse selon le préambule de la revendication 1.US-A-4 193 536 discloses a centrifuge according to the preamble of claim 1.

L'invention s'applique notamment à la centrifugation de produits biologiques.The invention applies in particular to the centrifugation of biological products.

Le refroidissement de l'atmosphère de l'enceinte d'une telle centrifugeuse est généralement assuré par refroidissement d'une paroi de l'enceinte, par exemple en faisant circuler un fluide de refroidissement à l'extérieur de l'enceinte ou en utilisant un système à effet Peltier.The cooling of the atmosphere of the enclosure of such a centrifuge is generally provided by cooling a wall of the enclosure, for example by circulating a cooling fluid outside the enclosure or using a Peltier effect system.

Toutefois, on constate que ces modes de refroidissement sont peu efficaces et/ou engendrent une production de chaleur importante à l'extérieur de l'enceinte.However, it is found that these cooling modes are few efficient and / or generate significant heat production outside the enclosure.

Ce dernier aspect est particulièrement gênant pour la centrifugation de produits susceptibles de libérer des substances pathogènes ou toxiques, une telle centrifugation devant être réalisée dans des pièces adaptées. Le volume de ces pièces, qui respectent par exemple des normes de confinement de type P3 ou P4, est limité et de nombreux appareils dégageant de grandes quantités de chaleur sont généralement réunis dans ces pièces. Or, un tel dégagement de grandes quantités de chaleur est préjudiciable au bon fonctionnement de ces appareils, à leur durée de vie, et aux résultats des manipulations.This last aspect is particularly troublesome for the centrifugation of products capable of releasing pathogenic or toxic substances, a such centrifugation to be performed in suitable rooms. The volume of these parts, which respect for example standards of containment type P3 or P4, is limited and many devices releasing large amounts of heat are usually gathered in these pieces. Now, such a release of large amounts of heat is detrimental to the proper functioning of these devices, their service life, and the results of the manipulations.

L'invention a pour but de résoudre ces problèmes en fournissant une centrifugeuse dont les moyens de refroidissement sont efficaces et entraínent une production de chaleur limitée à l'extérieur de l'enceinte.The object of the invention is to solve these problems by providing a centrifuge whose cooling means are effective and drive limited heat production outside the enclosure.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une centrifugeuse selon la revendication 1.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a centrifuge according to claim 1.

Selon des modes particuliers de réalisation, la centrifugeuse peut comprendre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques des revendications dépendantes. According to particular embodiments, the centrifuge can understand one or more of the features of the dependent claims.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels:

  • la Fig.1 est une vue schématique latérale, partiellement en coupe, d'une centrifugeuse selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention;
  • la Fig.2 est une vue schématique de dessus agrandie du frein pneumatique de la centrifugeuse de la Fig.1;
  • les Figs.3 à 5 sont des vues schématiques, en coupe et agrandies, illustrant la structure et le fonctionnement du dispositif de verrouillage de la porte de la centrifugeuse de la Fig.1; et
  • la Fig.6 est une vue analogue à la Fig.1 illustrant un autre mode de réalisation.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Fig.1 is a schematic side view, partly in section, of a centrifuge according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • Fig.2 is an enlarged schematic view from above of the pneumatic brake of the centrifuge of Fig.1;
  • Figures 3 to 5 are diagrammatic views, in section and enlarged, illustrating the structure and operation of the locking device of the door of the centrifuge of Fig.1; and
  • Fig.6 is a view similar to Fig.1 illustrating another embodiment.

La figure 1 représente schématiquement une centrifugeuse 1 qui comprend essentiellement:

  • une cuve 3 calorifugée, portée par un bâti (non représenté), et munie d'une porte 4, la cuve 3 et la porte 4 formant une enceinte 5,
  • un rotor 6 disposé dans l'enceinte 5 et muni de logements 7 de réception de récipients de produits à centrifuger,
  • des moyens pneumatiques 8 d'entraínement en rotation du rotor 6,
  • une unité 10 de purification de gaz soutiré de l'enceinte 5, et
  • des moyens 11 de refroidissement de l'atmosphère de l'enceinte 5.
FIG. 1 schematically represents a centrifuge 1 which essentially comprises:
  • a heat-insulated tank 3 carried by a frame (not shown) and provided with a door 4, the tank 3 and the door 4 forming an enclosure 5,
  • a rotor 6 disposed in the enclosure 5 and provided with housings 7 for receiving containers for centrifuges,
  • pneumatic means 8 for rotating the rotor 6,
  • a gas purification unit 10 withdrawn from the chamber 5, and
  • means 11 for cooling the atmosphere of the enclosure 5.

La porte 4 est articulée en 13 sur la cuve 3 pour être mobile entre une position fermée, telle que représentée sur la figure 1, et une position ouverte non représentée d'accès à l'intérieur de l'enceinte 5.The door 4 is articulated at 13 on the tank 3 to be movable between a closed position, as shown in Figure 1, and an open position not represented access to the interior of the enclosure 5.

Lorsque la porte 4 est en position fermée, l'enceinte 5 est rendue étanche vis à vis de l'extérieur, en particulier grâce à un joint d'étanchéité 14 comprimé entre la porte 4 et la cuve 3.When the door 4 is in the closed position, the enclosure 5 is rendered waterproof with respect to the outside, in particular thanks to a seal 14 compressed between the door 4 and the tank 3.

En position ouverte, la porte 4 est relevée par rapport à sa position fermée.In the open position, the door 4 is raised relative to its position closed.

La centrifugeuse 1 comporte en outre un dispositif pneumatique 16 (en pointillés) de verrouillage de la porte 4 en position fermée. Ce dispositif sera décrit ultérieurement en regard de la figure 3.The centrifuge 1 further comprises a pneumatic device 16 (in dotted lines) locking the door 4 in the closed position. This device will be described later with reference to FIG.

Les moyens 8 d'entraínement comprennent un arbre 18 solidaire du rotor 6 et une turbine 19 dont les pâles 20 sont représentées schématiquement sur la figure 1. Cette turbine 19 est solidaire de l'arbre 18.The means 8 of training comprise a shaft 18 secured to the rotor 6 and a turbine 19 whose blades 20 are shown schematically in Figure 1. This turbine 19 is secured to the shaft 18.

Les moyens 8 d'entraínement comprennent également un système d'injection Venturi 21 qui comporte lui-même:

  • un injecteur 22 de fluide d'entraínement,
  • une tuyère divergente 23, dont l'entrée est légèrement espacée de la sortie de l'injecteur 22, et qui débouche à proximité des pâles 20, et
  • une entrée 24 de fluide entraíné communiquant avec l'espace 240 séparant l'entrée de la tuyère 23 et la sortie de l'injecteur 22.
The drive means 8 also comprise a Venturi injection system 21 which itself comprises:
  • an injector 22 of training fluid,
  • a diverging nozzle 23, whose inlet is slightly spaced from the outlet of the injector 22, and which opens near the blades 20, and
  • a driven fluid inlet 24 communicating with the space 240 separating the inlet of the nozzle 23 and the outlet of the injector 22.

La centrifugeuse 1 comprend également un frein pneumatique 25 qui comprend (Fig.2) deux mâchoires 26 articulées à un arbre 27 et disposées de part et d'autre de l'arbre 18 d'entraínement du rotor 6.The centrifuge 1 also comprises a pneumatic brake 25 which comprises (Fig.2) two jaws 26 hinged to a shaft 27 and arranged on both sides of the shaft 18 for driving the rotor 6.

Ces mâchoires 26 sont mobiles transversalement à l'arbre 18 entre une position rapprochée de freinage (non représentée), où elles enserrent l'arbre 18, et une position espacée, où l'arbre 18 tourne librement entre les mâchoires 26 comme représenté sur la figure 2.These jaws 26 are movable transversely to the shaft 18 between a close braking position (not shown), where they enclose the tree 18, and a spaced position, where the shaft 18 rotates freely between the jaws 26 as shown in FIG.

Le frein 25 comprend en outre un ressort 28 de rappel des mâchoires 26 dans leur position rapprochée et un vérin pneumatique 29 simple effet disposé entre les mâchoires 23. Lorsque le vérin pneumatique 29 est alimenté en gaz sous pression, comme schématisé en gris sur la figure 2, les mâchoires 26 sont en position espacée. Lorsque le vérin 29 n'est pas alimenté en gaz sous pression, les mâchoires 26 sont en position rapprochée.The brake 25 further comprises a spring 28 for restoring the jaws 26 in their close position and a single acting pneumatic cylinder 29 arranged between the jaws 23. When the pneumatic cylinder 29 is supplied with gas under pressure, as shown schematically in gray in Figure 2, the jaws 26 are in spaced position. When the cylinder 29 is not supplied with gas under pressure, the jaws 26 are in a close position.

L'unité 10 de purification de gaz comprend par exemple un filtre du type HEPA.The gas purification unit 10 comprises, for example, a filter of HEPA type.

Les moyens 11 de refroidissement de l'atmosphère de l'enceinte 5 comprennent un tube de Ranque 30. Ce dispositif classique comprend un générateur d'écoulement tourbillonnaire 31 auquel sont raccordées une entrée 32 d'alimentation en gaz sous pression, une sortie froide 33 et une sortie chaude 34 de gaz.The means 11 for cooling the atmosphere of the enclosure 5 comprise a tube of Ranque 30. This conventional device comprises a generator of swirling flow 31 to which are connected an inlet 32 supplying gas under pressure, a cold outlet 33 and a hot outlet 34 gas.

Comme illustré par la figure 3, le dispositif 16 de verrouillage comprend une gâche 36 solidaire de la porte 4, un premier pêne 37 et un deuxième pêne 38.As illustrated in FIG. 3, the locking device 16 comprises a strike 36 secured to the door 4, a first bolt 37 and a second bolt 38.

Le premier pêne 37 peut coulisser entre une position de verrouillage de la porte 4 (Fig.3), dans laquelle le premier pêne est engagé dans la gâche 36, et une position de déverrouillage de la porte (Fig.5), dans laquelle le pêne 37 est retiré de la gâche 36.The first bolt 37 can slide between a locking position of the door 4 (FIG. 3), in which the first bolt is engaged in the striker 36, and an unlocking position of the door (Fig.5), wherein the bolt 37 is removed from strike 36.

Le deuxième pêne 38 peut coulisser orthogonalement au premier pêne entre une position de blocage du premier pêne 37 dans sa position de verrouillage (Fig.3), et une position de libération du premier pêne 37 (Fig.5).The second bolt 38 can slide orthogonally to the first bolt between a locking position of the first bolt 37 in its locking position (Fig.3), and a release position of the first bolt 37 (Fig.5).

Dans sa position de blocage, le deuxième pêne 38 est engagé dans un évidement 39 ménagé dans le premier pêne 37.In its locking position, the second bolt 38 is engaged in a recess 39 formed in the first bolt 37.

Le premier pêne est constitué par la tige d'un premier vérin pneumatique 40 double effet et le deuxième pêne 38 est constitué par la tige d'une deuxième vérin pneumatique 41 simple effet.The first bolt is constituted by the stem of a first pneumatic cylinder 40 double effect and the second bolt 38 is constituted by the stem of a second pneumatic cylinder 41 single effect.

Le dispositif 16 de verrouillage pneumatique comprend également :

  • une vanne de verrouillage automatique 44 à trois voies et à deux positions, dont l'obturateur 45 est maintenu en position d'ouverture, contre l'effet d'un ressort 450, par la gâche 36 de la porte 4 lorsque cette dernière est en position fermée, et
  • une vanne de commutation 46 à cinq voies et à deux positions dont l'obturateur 47 est actionnable manuellement.
The pneumatic locking device 16 also comprises:
  • a three-way and two-position automatic locking valve 44, whose shutter 45 is held in the open position, against the effect of a spring 450, by the striker 36 of the door 4 when the latter is in closed position, and
  • a five-way and two-position switching valve 46 whose shutter 47 is manually operable.

L'obturateur 47 est coulissant entre une position de déverrouillage de la porte 4, où il comprime un ressort 470, et une position de verrouillage de la porte 4, ou position de repos, dans laquelle le ressort 470 n'est pas comprimé.The shutter 47 is slidable between an unlocking position of the door 4, where it compresses a spring 470, and a locking position of the gate 4, or rest position, in which the spring 470 is not compressed.

La centrifugeuse comprend en outre un silencieux 48, une source 49 d'air sous pression et une source 50 de gaz de décontamination, par exemple du formol. L'air de la source 49 est par exemple à une pression comprise entre 3 et 6 bars.The centrifuge further comprises a silencer 48, a source 49 pressurized air and a source 50 of decontamination gas, for example formalin. The air of the source 49 is for example at a pressure of between 3 and 6 bars.

La structure du circuit de fluide raccordant les différents éléments de la centrifugeuse 1 apparaítra clairement lors de la description du fonctionnement de cette centrifugeuse 1, qui va être faite pour commencer à partir des figures 1 et 3.The structure of the fluid circuit connecting the different elements of the centrifuge 1 will appear clearly when describing the operation of this centrifuge 1, which will be made to start from Figures 1 and 3.

Sur la figure 3, comme sur les figures 4 et 5, l'intérieur des conduites contenant de l'air sous pression est représenté en gris.In FIG. 3, as in FIGS. 4 and 5, the inside of the pipes containing pressurized air is shown in gray.

La porte 4 étant en position fermée, l'air sous pression de la source 49 traverse la vanne 44 de verrouillage automatique, qui est en position ouverte, puis est divisé en deux flux.With the door 4 in the closed position, the air under pressure from the source 49 crosses the automatic locking valve 44, which is in the open position, then is divided into two streams.

Le premier de ces flux est acheminé par une conduite 51 vers la vanne de commutation 46. L'obturateur 47 étant au repos, c'est-à-dire en position de verrouillage de la porte 4, ce premier flux est ensuite acheminé par une conduite individuelle 52 vers une première partie 53 de la chambre 54 du premier vérin 40.The first of these flows is conveyed by a pipe 51 to the switching valve 46. The shutter 47 is at rest, that is to say in position of the door 4, this first flow is then conveyed by a individual conduct 52 to a first portion 53 of the chamber 54 of the first cylinder 40.

Ce premier flux repousse le piston 55 du premier vérin 40 vers la gauche sur la figure 3, si bien que le premier pêne 37 est poussé vers sa position de verrouillage de la porte 4.This first flow pushes the piston 55 of the first jack 40 to the left in FIG. 3, so that the first bolt 37 is pushed towards its position of door lock 4.

On notera que lorsque l'obturateur 47 est au repos, la première partie 53 de la chambre 54 du premier vérin 40 est automatiquement mise en communication avec une sortie de la vanne 44 est donc avec la source 49, si bien que le verrouillage de la porte 4 est automatique.Note that when the shutter 47 is at rest, the first part 53 of the chamber 54 of the first jack 40 is automatically placed in communication with an output of the valve 44 is therefore with the source 49, so that the door lock 4 is automatic.

Le deuxième flux issu de la vanne 44 de verrouillage automatique traverse une vanne 57 temporisée par une unité de pilotage 58 qui commande son ouverture pendant la durée de centrifugation. L'unité de pilotage 58 est par exemple une unité pneumatique ou mécanique.The second flow from the automatic locking valve 44 passes through a valve 57 timed by a control unit 58 which controls its opening during the centrifugation time. The control unit 58 is example a pneumatic or mechanical unit.

Ce deuxième flux est lui-même partagé en sortie de la vanne 57 en deux flux.This second flow is itself shared at the outlet of the valve 57 in two streams.

Le premier de ces flux est envoyé, via une conduite 59, vers la chambre 60 du deuxième vérin 41, pour pousser le piston 61 de ce vérin vers le haut sur la figure 3, si bien que le deuxième pêne 38 est poussé dans sa position de blocage du premier pêne 37.The first of these flows is sent, via a pipe 59, to the chamber 60 of the second cylinder 41, to push the piston 61 of this cylinder upwards in FIG. 3, so that the second bolt 38 is pushed into its position of blocking the first bolt 37.

Ainsi, pendant toute la durée de centrifugation, c'est-à-dire tant que la vanne 57 est ouverte, le deuxième pêne 38 est en position de blocage du premier pêne 37 et le déverrouillage de la porte 4 est donc impossible.Thus, throughout the duration of centrifugation, that is to say as long as the valve 57 is open, the second bolt 38 is in the locking position of the first latch 37 and the unlocking of the door 4 is impossible.

Le deuxième flux d'air sous pression issu de la vanne 57 est canalisé par une conduite 62 puis alimente (Fig.1):

  • l'entrée 32 du tube de Ranque 30, via une vanne manuelle 63,
  • en permanence le vérin 29 du frein pneumatique 25, et
  • en permanence l'injecteur 22 du système d'injection Venturi 21.
The second flow of pressurized air coming from the valve 57 is channeled by a pipe 62 and then feeds (FIG.
  • the inlet 32 of the Ranque tube 30, via a manual valve 63,
  • continuously the cylinder 29 of the pneumatic brake 25, and
  • permanently the injector 22 of the Venturi injection system 21.

Ainsi, pendant toute la durée de la centrifugation, le vérin pneumatique 29 du frein 25 est alimenté en air sous pression si bien que les mâchoires 26 sont en position espacée et laissent l'arbre 18 tourner librement.Thus, during the entire duration of the centrifugation, the pneumatic cylinder 29 of the brake 25 is fed with air under pressure so that the jaws 26 are in spaced position and let the shaft 18 rotate freely.

L'injection d'air sous pression par l'injecteur 22 crée une dépression à la périphérie de l'espace 240 et donc au niveau de l'entrée 24 du système d'injection Venturi. Ainsi, du gaz est soutiré par une sortie 64 de l'enceinte 5, puis filtré dans lé filtre 10. Ce gaz soutiré et filtré est ensuite aspiré dans le système d'injection Venturi 21 par l'entrée 24, puis éjecté de la tuyère 23, avec l'air sous pression issu de l'injecteur 22, en entraínant la turbine 19, l'arbre 18 et le rotor 6.The injection of air under pressure by the injector 22 creates a depression at the periphery of the space 240 and therefore at the inlet 24 of the injection system Venturi. Thus, gas is drawn off by an outlet 64 of the enclosure 5, and then This filtered and filtered gas is then sucked into the system. Venturi injection 21 through the inlet 24, and ejected from the nozzle 23, with the air under pressure from the injector 22, driving the turbine 19, the shaft 18 and the rotor 6.

Après entraínement de la turbine 19, cet écoulement de fluide est ensuite évacué vers l'extérieur de la centrifugeuse 1 par l'intermédiaire du silencieux 48.After driving the turbine 19, this flow of fluid is then discharged to the outside of the centrifuge 1 via the silencer 48.

L'air détendu issu de la sortie chaude 34 du tube de Ranque est également évacué vers l'extérieur de la centrifugeuse 1 par le silencieux 48.The relaxed air from the hot outlet 34 of Ranque's tube is also discharged to the outside of the centrifuge 1 by the silencer 48.

L'air détendu à basse température, par exemple -10°C, issu de la sortie froide 33 du tube de Ranque est acheminé par une conduite 65 vers une entrée 66 de l'enceinte 5. L'air froid est éjecté par cette entrée 66 sous et vers le rotor 6 en refroidissant alors l'atmosphère de l'enceinte 5. Air relaxed at low temperature, for example -10 ° C, from the outlet cold 33 of the Ranque tube is routed via a pipe 65 to an inlet 66 of the enclosure 5. The cold air is ejected by this input 66 under and towards the rotor 6 while cooling the atmosphere of the enclosure 5.

Il est possible, en ouvrant une vanne manuelle 67, de faire circuler le gaz de décontamination de la source 50 dans la conduite 65 puis dans l'enceinte 5, et ainsi d'assurer un balayage de l'atmosphère de l'enceinte 5, du filtre 10, de la turbine 19 et du silencieux 48 avec ce gaz de décontamination.It is possible, by opening a manual valve 67, to circulate the decontamination gas of the source 50 in line 65 and then in the enclosure 5, and thus to ensure a scanning of the atmosphere of the enclosure 5, the filter 10, turbine 19 and silencer 48 with this decontamination gas.

A la fin du cycle de centrifugation, la vanne 57 est fermée automatiquement par l'unité de pilotage 58. Le vérin pneumatique 29 du frein 25 n'étant plus alimenté en air sous pression, les mâchoires 26 viennent se placer automatiquement en position rapprochée de freinage du rotor 6.At the end of the centrifugation cycle, valve 57 is closed automatically by the control unit 58. The pneumatic cylinder 29 of the brake 25 not being more fed with pressurized air, the jaws 26 are automatically placed in the close braking position of the rotor 6.

Comme illustré par la figure 4, l'air sous pression contenu dans la chambre 60 du deuxième vérin 41 est évacué par la conduite 59 puis par la conduite 62 vers le silencieux 48, et le piston 61 du deuxième vérin 41 est repoussé par un ressort 68. Ainsi, le deuxième pêne 38 est ramené dans sa position de libération du premier pêne 37.As illustrated in FIG. 4, the pressurized air contained in the chamber 60 of the second cylinder 41 is evacuated by the pipe 59 and then by the pipe 62 to the silencer 48, and the piston 61 of the second cylinder 41 is pushed back by a spring 68. Thus, the second bolt 38 is returned to its position of release of the first bolt 37.

En amenant manuellement l'obturateur 47 de la vanne de commutation 46 dans sa position de déverrouillage, on met alors en communication, via une conduite individuelle 69, la conduite 51 avec une deuxième partie 70 de la chambre 54 du premier vérin 40 à double effet. Ainsi, cette deuxième partie 70 de la chambre 54 est alimentée en air sous pression puisque la vanne 44 de verrouillage automatique est en position ouverte.Manually supplying the shutter 47 of the switching valve 46 in its unlocking position, it then communicates, via an individual line 69, the line 51 with a second part 70 of the chamber 54 of the first jack 40 with double effect. So this second part 70 of the chamber 54 is supplied with pressurized air since the valve 44 for locking automatic is in the open position.

Simultanément, la première partie 53 de la chambre 54 est mise à l'air, par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite 71 (Figs.1 et 4) puis du silencieux 48.Simultaneously, the first portion 53 of the chamber 54 is vented, through a pipe 71 (Figs.1 and 4) and the silencer 48.

Ainsi, le piston 55 du premier vérin est repoussé vers la droite sur la figure 1 et lé premier pêne 37 est ramené vers sa position de déverrouillage.Thus, the piston 55 of the first cylinder is pushed to the right on the Figure 1 and the first bolt 37 is returned to its unlocked position.

Lorsque le premier pêne 37 est en position de déverrouillage, l'ouverture de la porte 4 est possible.When the first bolt 37 is in the unlocking position, the opening door 4 is possible.

Lorsque la porte 4 quitte sa positon fermée (Fig.5), l'obturateur 45 de la vanne 44 est ramené par le ressort 450 vers sa position de fermeture de la vanne 44.When the door 4 leaves its closed position (Fig.5), the shutter 45 of the valve 44 is returned by the spring 450 to its closed position of the valve 44.

L'obturateur 47 de la vanne de commutation 46 ayant été ramené vers sa position de repos par le ressort 470, l'air sous pression présent dans la deuxième partie 70 de la chambre 54 du premier vérin 40 a été évacué successivement par une conduite 72, par la conduite 71, et par le silencieux 48. The shutter 47 of the switching valve 46 having been brought back towards its rest position by the spring 470, the air under pressure present in the second part 70 of the chamber 54 of the first jack 40 has been evacuated successively by a pipe 72, by the pipe 71, and by the silencer 48.

Le nombre de dispositifs électriques et mécaniques de la centrifugeuse 1, notamment pour le chauffage et l'entraínement en rotation du rotor 6 est limité.The number of electrical and mechanical devices of the centrifuge 1, in particular for heating and rotating the rotor 6 is limited.

Cette caractéristique est particulièrement intéressante pour la centrifugation de produits susceptibles de libérer des substances explosives.This characteristic is particularly interesting for centrifugation products that can release explosive substances.

Par ailleurs, la combinaison des moyens pneumatiques 8 d'entraínement du rotor 6 et de l'unité 10 de purification de gaz soutiré de l'enceinte 5, dans laquelle la circulation de gaz soutiré est commandée par l'air sous pression entraínant la turbine 19, permet d'assurer simultanément un entraínement du rotor 6 et une filtration de l'atmosphère de l'enceinte 5. Ainsi, la centrifugeuse 1 est adaptée à la centrifugation de produits dangereux en limitant les risques d'émission de ces substances à l'extérieur de la centrifugeuse 1.Moreover, the combination of pneumatic means 8 for training of the rotor 6 and the gas purification unit 10 withdrawn from the chamber 5, in which the circulation of gas withdrawn is controlled by the pressurized air driving the turbine 19, makes it possible simultaneously to provide a drive for the rotor 6 and a filtration of the atmosphere of the enclosure 5. Thus, the centrifuge 1 is suitable for centrifugation of dangerous products by limiting the risks emission of these substances outside the centrifuge 1.

Il est à noter que l'utilisation du système d'injection Venturi 21, délivrant en sortie un débit de gaz plus important que celui alimentant l'injecteur 22, permet d'entraíner la turbine 19 et donc le rotor 6 à des vitesses relativement élevées.It should be noted that the use of the Venturi 21 injection system, delivering at the output a larger gas flow than that supplying the injector 22, allows to drive the turbine 19 and therefore the rotor 6 at relatively high.

En outre, la possibilité de décontaminer l'atmosphère de l'enceinte, limite encore les risques dus à la centrifugation de tels produits.In addition, the possibility of decontaminating the atmosphere of the enclosure, further limits the risks due to the centrifugation of such products.

L'utilisation d'une injection de gaz froid, en particulier obtenue à l'aide d'un tube de Ranque, permet un refroidissement satisfaisant de l'atmosphère de l'enceinte 5, avec un bon rendement et en limitant les émissions de chaleur à l'extérieur de l'enceinte 5. De plus, l'utilisation du tube de Ranque permet de limiter l'encombrement des moyens 11 de refroidissement de l'atmosphère de l'enceinte 5.The use of a cold gas injection, in particular obtained using of a tube of Ranque, allows a satisfactory cooling of the atmosphere of the enclosure 5, with good performance and limiting heat emissions to the outside of the enclosure 5. In addition, the use of the Ranque tube makes it possible to limit the congestion of the means 11 for cooling the atmosphere of the enclosure 5.

On constate aussi que l'utilisation d'une turbine 19 pour entraíner le rotor 6 permet de limiter les émissions de chaleur à l'extérieur de l'enceinte 5.It can also be seen that the use of a turbine 19 to drive the rotor 6 makes it possible to limit the heat emissions outside the enclosure 5.

Selon une variante non représentée, l'unité 10 de purification de gaz comprend un dispositif de traitement chimique de gaz soutiré de l'enceinte 5, qui permet de neutraliser les substances dangereuses susceptibles d'être libérées par les produits à centrifuger.According to a variant not shown, the gas purification unit 10 comprises a chemical gas treatment device withdrawn from the chamber 5, which neutralizes dangerous substances that may be released by the products to be centrifuged.

La figure 6 illustre un mode simplifié de réalisation d'une centrifugeuse 1. FIG. 6 illustrates a simplified embodiment of a centrifuge 1.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, pour lequel le dispositif de verrouillage 16 n'a pas été représenté pour plus de clarté, les moyens 8 d'entraínement en rotation du rotor 6 comprennent par exemple un moteur électrique.In this embodiment, for which the locking device 16 was not represented for the sake of clarity, the means of training in rotation of the rotor 6 comprise for example an electric motor.

La sortie 73 de l'unité 10 de purification de gaz soutiré est alors reliée directement au silencieux 48.The outlet 73 of the purified gas purification unit 10 is then connected directly to silencer 48.

Le flux de gaz froid issu de la sortie froide 33 du tube de Ranque 30, éventuellement mélangé avec le gaz de décontamination de la source 50, est injecté dans l'enceinte 5 sous le rotor 6 en refroidissant l'atmosphère de l'enceinte 5. Ce flux gaz crée également une surpression dans l'enceinte 5, si bien que, l'enceinte 5 étant étanche, cette surpression entraíne un soutirage de gaz par la sortie 64 de l'enceinte 5.The flow of cold gas from the cold outlet 33 of the Ranque tube 30, possibly mixed with the decontamination gas of the source 50, is injected into the enclosure 5 under the rotor 6 while cooling the atmosphere of the enclosure 5. This gas flow also creates an overpressure in the enclosure 5, although that, the chamber 5 being sealed, this overpressure causes a gas withdrawal by the exit 64 of the enclosure 5.

Le gaz soutiré est ensuite purifié par l'unité 10 de purification, puis évacué via le silencieux 48.The withdrawn gas is then purified by the purification unit and then evacuated via the silencer 48.

Cette centrifugeuse 1 peut être utilisée pour la centrifugation de substances toxiques non explosives.This centrifuge 1 can be used for the centrifugation of non-explosive toxic substances.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation non représenté, la sortie 64 de la cuve 3 est mise directement à l'air, la centrifugeuse ne comprenant pas d'unité 10 de purification.In another embodiment, not shown, the output 64 of the tank 3 is put directly in the air, the centrifuge does not include any unit 10 of purification.

Ce dernier mode de réalisation est particulièrement adapté à la centrifugation de produits ne libérant pas de substances dangereuses.This last embodiment is particularly suitable for centrifugation products that do not release dangerous substances.

Claims (18)

  1. Centrifuge comprising a chamber (5), a rotor (6) which is arranged therein, means (8) for rotationally driving the rotor and means (11) for cooling the atmosphere of the chamber, characterised in that the means for cooling the atmosphere of the chamber comprise a Ranque tube (30), a cold outlet (33) of which is connected to an inlet (66) of the chamber, and in that the centrifuge comprises a pressurised gas supply circuit which is connected to an inlet (32) of the Ranque tube and which is intended to be connected to a source (49) of pressurised gas.
  2. Centrifuge according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises a gas purification unit (10), an inlet of this unit being connected to an outlet (64) for drawing off gas from the chamber.
  3. Centrifuge according to claim 2, characterised in that the purification unit (10) comprises at least one filter.
  4. Centrifuge according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the purification unit (10) comprises at least one chemical treatment device for the gas which has been drawn off.
  5. Centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that an outlet of the gas purification unit is connected to a suction device (21).
  6. Centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the means (8) for rotationally driving the rotor are pneumatic rotational driving means which are connected to the pressurised gas supply circuit.
  7. Centrifuge according to claim 6, characterised in that the pneumatic rotational driving means comprise a turbine (19).
  8. Centrifuge according to claim 5, taken in combination with claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the suction device (21) is controlled by the pressurised gas which supplies the pneumatic means (8) for driving the rotor in rotation.
  9. Centrifuge according to claim 8, characterised in that the suction device comprises a Venturi injection system (21) which comprises a driving fluid inlet (22) which is intended to be connected to the source (49) of pressurised gas, a driven fluid inlet (24) which is connected to the outlet of the purification unit, and a driving fluid and driven fluid outlet (23) which is connected to the pneumatic means (8) for driving the rotor in rotation.
  10. Centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it comprises a decontamination gas source (50) which is connected to an inlet (66) of the chamber.
  11. Centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the chamber (5) is fluid-tight.
  12. Centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that it comprises a pneumatic device (25) for braking the rotor.
  13. Centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the supply circuit comprises a time-delay valve (57).
  14. Centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the centrifuge comprises a door (4) which can be moved between a position for access to the interior of the chamber (5) and a closed position, and in that the centrifuge further comprises a pneumatic device (16) for locking the door in the closed position thereof, which locking device is connected to the pressurised gas supply circuit.
  15. Centrifuge according to claim 14, characterised in that the locking device comprises a first sliding bolt (37) which can be moved between a locking position and an unlocking position of the door (4), the first sliding bolt being fixedly joined to a rod of a first pneumatic jack (40) which is connected by means of at least one individual channel (52, 69) to the pressurised gas supply circuit, and in that the locking device (16) comprises a valve (46) for selective commutation of the individual channel(s) to the pressurised gas supply circuit.
  16. Centrifuge according to claim 15, characterised in that the supply circuit comprises an automatic-locking valve (44) which in turn comprises a shutter (45) which can be moved between a position for opening and a position for closing the automatic-locking valve, and in that an outlet of the automatic-locking valve (44) is connected to the commutation valve (46), and in that the shutter (45) is retained in an open position when the door of the centrifuge is in a closed position, and in that the commutation valve (46), in the rest state, places the outlet of the automatic-locking valve (44) and the first jack (40) in communication so that the first sliding bolt (37) is pushed towards the locking position thereof.
  17. Centrifuge according to claim 16, characterised in that the automatic-locking valve (44) is intended to be permanently connected to the pressurised gas source (49).
  18. Centrifuge according to any one of claims 15 to 17, taken in combination with claim 13, characterised in that the locking device (16) comprises a second sliding bolt (38) which can be moved between a position in which the first sliding bolt (37) is locked in the locking position thereof and a position in which the first sliding bolt is released, and in that the second sliding bolt (38) is fixedly joined to the rod of a second pneumatic jack (41) which is permanently connected to an outlet of the time-delay valve (57).
EP00400470A 1999-03-01 2000-02-21 Centrifuge with Ranque tube cooling Expired - Lifetime EP1033173B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9902512A FR2790407B1 (en) 1999-03-01 1999-03-01 RANQUE TUBE COOLING CENTRIFUGE
FR9902512 1999-03-01

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EP1033173A1 EP1033173A1 (en) 2000-09-06
EP1033173B1 true EP1033173B1 (en) 2005-08-10

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EP (1) EP1033173B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3398783B2 (en)
DE (1) DE60021782T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2790407B1 (en)

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DE60021782D1 (en) 2005-09-15
EP1033173A1 (en) 2000-09-06
US6334841B1 (en) 2002-01-01
FR2790407A1 (en) 2000-09-08
FR2790407B1 (en) 2001-06-01
JP2000246146A (en) 2000-09-12
JP3398783B2 (en) 2003-04-21
DE60021782T2 (en) 2006-04-20

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