EP1027960B1 - Device and method for disassembling connection pins - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for releasing a connecting bolt of a bolted connection according to the preamble of claims 1 and 11. With her, the dismantling of mechanically connected structural surface parts of an aircraft or aircraft, which are fastened to each other by means of bolt connections, much easier. In addition, the device when loosening the bolt that bolt connection will cause no damage to the structural parts, the time required to release the bolt is significantly reduced.

In aircraft, a tool is traditionally used to release fastened to each other with bolt connections surface parts that the experts as a so-called "Large C" is known. It is a C-shaped planar body having a handzubetätigenden spindle drive. This tool 98D55307530 published by the DLH Frankfurt, which operates comparatively on the principle of a screw clamp, solves the bolt connections only by - against the connecting sleeve and the force-locking connected connecting bolt - introduced in the axial direction of the spindle pressure, the required compressive force against the bolt connection is applied by a torque transmitted to the spindle mechanism. Regardless of the high body weight, the tool can not be disassembled into individual components, which can be correspondingly completed again to form the complete tool. Therefore, the tool can only be transported as a complete unit to the installation site that - because of the body weight and the necessary care in preparing for the disassembly of the bolt connection - is mounted by several people of the bolt connection to be solved. An individual will be able to handle the so-called "Big C" hardly or only with increased physical effort. It can be assumed that it is often only after several attempts to pressurize the bolt connection to achieve a release of the bolt from its frictional connection with the structure, wherein the bolt will then suddenly release from the connection. A dropping of the tool from the mounted position would not be ruled out during the release process, which could result in severe damage to the structural parts. Structural damage may therefore not be ruled out by this technology. Although the release of such bolted connections will be more of an exception event in aircraft construction or aircraft construction, the spindle drive of the tool 98D55307530 used in aircraft construction is subject to high wear under any load.

The prior art also mentions the documents: DE-AS 1 300 471, US Pat. Nos. 3,237,291, DE 198 03 732 A1 and DE 44 34 152. However, these only show a technological background. A tool and a method for releasing a connecting bolt of a bolt connection can not be seen from them.

Accordingly, the invention has the object, an apparatus and a method for releasing a connecting bolt of a bolt connection, with which the structural parts of an aircraft or aircraft are mechanically fastened to each other show, after which the device can implement a technology according to which during the Bolt dismantling and after completion of dismantling work will not damage the structure. Likewise, a reduction of the wear function of the claimed device parts is to be achieved. It is desirable that with the use of the device, the dismantling effort is reduced and a reduction in work inconvenience by weight loss and ease of handling of the device and a restriction of the risk to work or the risk of accidents is achieved to an almost zero risk during disassembly.

This object is achieved by the measures specified in claims 1 and 11. In the further claims expedient developments and refinements of these measures are specified.

The invention is described in more detail in an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. The method is explained in more detail with reference to the device shown in the accompanying figures.

Fig. 1

die Vorrichtung zum Lösen von Verbindungsbolzen - vor / nach der Ausführung der Bolzendemontage;

Fig. 2

die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 mit ihrer Anordnung an der Bolzenverbindung;

Fig. 2a

das Detail A nach der Fig. 2.

Show it

Fig. 1

the device for releasing connecting bolts - before / after the execution of the bolt dismantling;

Fig. 2

the device of Figure 1 with its arrangement on the bolt connection.

Fig. 2a

the detail A of FIG. 2.

The following description is prefaced that the invention will relate to a device for releasing a connecting bolt of a bolt connection according to the preamble of claim 1.

In Fig. 1, that device is now shown, the individual components can be completed to form a tool. Thereafter, this device consists in detail of two levers 1, 2 with cuboid appearance. These levers 1, 2 are located in a largely horizontal position and face each other frontally. The term "largely" is therefore introduced because due to their intended joint mobility ie articulated positioning of the lever 1, 2 with an angular change of a few - a maximum of +/- 5 degrees, as will be discussed later, no exact horizontal arrangement of the lever 1, 2nd in the decoupling bolt connection applied state, which applies to solve, will exist.

To the other components of the device include two fork body 4, 6, the base body, which has a cuboid appearance, opens at one end into a double fork or a joint flap, which is seated at the other end not shown in detail Stud bolts, the forks of the double fork and the joint flap and the stud extend in the direction of the main body axis. The other components also includes a so-called fork joint 13, the forks of the double fork of a first fork body 4 and the joint flap of a second fork body 6 are mechanically coupled, so that the two fork body 4, 6 are united as articulated.

The fork or lug-removed end of the single fork body 4, 6 is fixed in the middle on the inner end face 11,21 of the single lever 1, 2. In this case, the remaining part of the bolt-connected end face is located at the fork or lug remote other end of the fork body 4, 6 of the inner end face 11, 21 of the single lever 1, 2 in the T-joint.

The respective stud bolt of the first and second fork body 4, 6 is guided through a through hole, which is centered in the lever in the respective lever 1, 2, and attached to the outer end face 111, 211 of the second and first lever 1, 2. In this case, the bolt end provided with an external thread bolt end with a nut 3 against the outer end face 111, 211 of these levers 1, 2 screwed.

From Fig. 1 it is clear that the first lever 2 of the second fork body 6 and the second lever 1 of the first fork body 4 is centrally mounted their respective inner end face 21, 11 T-shaped. Further, the first lever 2 at the right and at the left edge portion of the inner end face 21 each a cylindrical body is placed. Thereafter, an attachment body 12 is positioned on the right edge portion, the center of the base is connected in the T-joint connected retaining bolt 14. Similar to the example of the attachment of the two fork bodies 4, 6, the retaining bolt 14 is guided by a through hole which engages on the outer end face 211 of the first lever 2 and which is recessed on the right-hand edge portion of the first lever 2. In this case, the bolt end provided with an external thread, not shown, bolt end with an internally threaded bore, the center of the bearing surface of the cylindrically shaped attachment body 12 in the direction of the body axis. the cylinder axis is excluded, screwed against the inner end face 21 of the first lever 2 t-jerky.

According to the model of attachment of the two fork body 4, 6 takes place at the left edge portion, the positioning of a pressure hull 8, the center of the base is connected in the T-joint connected stand-bolt not shown. Similar to the above-described bolt fastening of the attachment body 12, this bolt is guided from the inner end face 21 of the first lever 2 through a through hole which is recessed at the left edge portion of the first lever 2.

The standing bolt is a running in the direction of the bolt axis deep hole inserted, which starts at the bolt end and their course takes place in the direction of the T-joint attachment. In contrast to the bolt fastening made on the right-hand edge section, the deep hole provided with an internal thread is screwed in here by a screw 10 which has a washer 9 underlaid. The screw 10 is screwed until the base of the pressure hull 8 bears firmly against the inner end surface 21 of the first lever 2.

Also the inner end face 11 of the second lever 1 is a cylindrical body, a so-called attachment body 7, placed on the right edge portion. The attachment of the attachment body 7 takes place equally the above-mentioned pressure hull 8, the center of the base is connected in the T-joint connected bolt not shown. This bolt is also guided through a through hole, which is recessed at the right edge portion of the second lever 1. The bolt is a running in the direction of the bolt axis deep hole inserted, which begins at the bolt end and their course is in the direction of the T-joint attachment. The wall of the deep hole is provided with an internal thread, which - for fastening the attachment body 7 - a screw, not shown, is screwed. This screw is screwed until the base of the attachment body 7 firmly abuts the inner end face 11 of the first lever 2.

At the left edge portion of the second lever 1 is - inserting the inner end face 11 and directed to the outer end face 111 - a first cylinder-like recess 22 and flat although recessed hole depth, which by her in the direction of the outer face 111 deeper lying following second cylinder-like depression 221 and flat although hole of low depth is added. In addition, the permanent edge region is let in a continuous first bore B1, which inserts on the outer end face region 111 and leads into the recessed region of the second lever 1 or more precisely exits on the second depression 221. The cylinder axes of the two recesses 22, 221 correspond to the continued course of the drilling axis of the first bore B1.

Further supplements, with which the device according to FIG. 1 is completed, can be seen in FIG. 2. Thereafter, the above-described device is completed with a stamping pressure device 17, which is provided for the one-sided power transmission of compressive forces FDS1, FDS2 on the located on the right first lever end E11, E21 edge regions of the lever 1, 2.

In addition, on the inner end surfaces 11, 21 of the two levers 1, 2 on one side lever edge side of their first lever ends E11, E21 each attached to a top body 7, 12, the attachment body end faces turn. Between these two attachment bodies 7,12 that stamp printing device 17 is arranged.

The stamp pressure device 17 consists of a cylinder body, which are positioned inside two impression cylinders, which will move opposite to each other and the cylinder body are retracted and retracted. The stamp pressure device 17 is supplied with an externally supplied energy, which converts a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure energy in the cylinder body. This pressure energy acts on each of the two pressure cylinders, acting on the cylinder base surface in each case a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure force, which converts a longitudinally variable movement of the pressure cylinder along the cylinder inner wall. On the top surface of the two printing cylinder sits in each case a movable punch head 171, 172, the front side of the two attachment body 7, 12 are positioned and after the extension of the impression cylinder against the randseitlich on the inner end face 11, 21 of the first and second lever 1, the second attached attachment body 7, 12 press. Otherwise, the arrangement of a positioned within the cylinder body electrically powered transmitter unit would be conceivable, which is supplied externally of the punch pressure means 17 supplied electrical energy. The transmitter unit can be arranged within the cylinder body, which further comprises movable elements which are attached to the respective base of the impression cylinder and will exert a compressive or tensile force on the latter.

2, an extraction device 24 is further shown, which is guided at the left edge region of the second lever 1 near the second end of the lever E12 through that continuous first bore B1 - so passing through the so-called other side Hebeirandbereich the second lever 1 will happen. The extraction device 24 consists of a cylinder body 244, which - as indicated - the first hole B1eineinline. The cylinder body 244 is a screw head 241 on the base and on the top surface of an additional cylinder body 242, whose base is arranged sitting on the top surface of the cylinder body 244, attached, wherein the outer jacket of the additional cylinder body 242 has an external thread. In addition, on the top surface of the additional cylinder body 242, a conical body 243 is fastened with its base surface, which has a special significance associated with the use of the extension device 24, which will be discussed in greater detail. In addition, it is added that the conical body 243 - introduced in the bore B1 state of the cylinder body 244 - by the two wells 22, 221, the meaning of which is also clear later, out, and in this situation on the inner end face 11 of the second lever. 1 protrudes and turns to the pressure body 8.

In order to achieve with the device of Figures 1 and Fig. 2 the intended release of a connecting bolt 18 of a bolt connection with which at least two structural members 26, 27 are fixed, the left-side edge regions of the two levers 1, 2 of the existing bolt connection and that Bolt head of the connecting pin 18 and the expansion sleeve 23 moves.

For a better understanding, it is mentioned that the connecting pin 18 is located within the expansion sleeve 23 with which it is non-positively connected in the fastened end state.

In this situation, the expansion sleeve 23 presses due to spreading action with a corresponding pressure force against the wall of an opening for receiving the expansion sleeve 23 with integrated connecting pin 18 opening to perform the mechanical connection of the superimposed structural parts. In this case, the bolt head of the connecting pin 18 with respect to the expansion sleeve 23 is arranged projecting, while the remaining bolt end of the connecting pin 18 is located within the expansion sleeve 23.

In this case, the pressure element 8 located on the left edge region of the first lever 2 is positioned on the bolt head, wherein it is provided that that bolt head is fixed in a positionally accurate manner in an aperture recessed in the middle of the visible support surface. In the first recess 22, which is dimensionally adapted to the sleeve edge of the expansion sleeve 23, the sleeve end of the expansion sleeve 23 is now positioned above the second recess 221 on the bearing area of the first recess 22 not affected by the second recess 221.

From Fig. 2a can be better seen this part of the arrangement, the representation reproduces the highlighted in Fig. 1 Detail A. Thus, almost all preparations would be completed to release the connecting pin 18 from the expansion sleeve 23 and then the latter to remove the structural parts 26, 27.

In addition, although with an anticipation of later explained measures for releasing the connecting bolt 18, the following is supplemented. Coming back to the mentioned extraction device 24, which is insertable near the left lever edge of the second lever 1 of the first bore B1, the additional cylinder body 242, which will have an external thread, with a bolt end located at the center of the bolt end surface - centered bolt recess of the connecting bolt 18, which is provided with an internal thread, to be screwed. In the screwed end state of the two elements of the - a conical tip having portion of the - cone body 243 is fixed to the support area of the bolt recess.

With the described screwing the release operation of the connecting pin 18 is additionally supported from the expansion sleeve 23, which will be discussed later.

In addition, the individual steps are now generally indicated, after which a successful release of the connecting pin 18 from the expansion sleeve 23 will arrive.

As part of the preparation of a preparatory action a) the various items are first completed to the device consisting of several individual parts, according to which the two fork body 4, 6 in the middle of the two levers 1, 2 at the respective inner end face 11, 21 T-joint are fixed at right angles to each other. In addition, the attachment body 7, 12 respectively the respective right edge portion of the two levers 1, 2 attached to the respective inner end face 11, 21 on one side hebelrandseitlich. Likewise, the pressure body 8 is attached to the inner edge face 21 of the left edge portion of the first lever 2 on the other side lever edge side by means of a screw connection. Thereafter, the fork ends of the two fork body 4, 6 are mechanically coupled in the fork joint 13 and united articulated.

Associated with the realization of the measure a) an additional attachment body is usually taken into account, which is on one of the two attachment body 7, 12, for example, attached to the lever edge of the first lever 2 attachment body 7, is positioned. It is thus achieved that a non-existent or not closed force transmission path, which may be missing from the left edge portion of the first lever 2 to the bolt head, is compensated. This circumstance can occur when loosening a connecting bolt 18 with a shorter bolt length than the difference in length.

After a subsequent measure b), the completed device is placed in the manner of the bolt connection respectively to the expansion sleeve 23 positively connected connecting bolt 18, after which the pressure body 8, which is fixed to that inner end face 21 of the first lever 2 on the left edge portion, on the bolt head of the connecting pin 18th is positioned, wherein the bolt head in a pressure element 8 recessed recess, which is located centrally of the support surface of the pressure hull 8, is arranged. Furthermore, the sleeve edge of the bolt head removed sleeve end of the expansion sleeve 23 within the aforementioned support area of the first recess 22, which is the inner end face 11 of the second lever 1 is excluded on the left edge portion positioned. Both levers 1, 2 thus overlap - in the extension with the pressure body 8 - the bolt connection.

For the sake of better understanding, it is mentioned that in this case, the pressure element 8 positioned on the inner end face 21 of the first lever 2 and the inner end face 11 of the second lever 1 of the second lever 1 facing the lever rim laterally with the first cylinder-like recess 22 turn toward the bolt connection.

Subsequently, according to a measure c) at the respective right edge portion thus at the opposite end of the lever E11, E21 on the respective inner end face 11, 21 of the two levers 1, 2 respectively attached attachment bodies 7, 12, the punch pressure device 17 is clamped. In this case, the punch pressure device 17 integrated integrated and mutually oppositely movable punch heads 171, 172 in not or only slightly extended state, the front side of the two attachment bodies 7, 12 are positioned.

In addition, in the implementation of measure c), it will have to be considered whether, for the aforementioned reason, the previously mentioned additional attachment body would also be positioned on one of the two attachments 7, 12.

It is added that in the middle of the provided for the support of the punch head 172 frontal support surface of the attachment body 12 is a cylindrical recess is introduced. In this case, the free end of the punch head 172, with the nehmliche attachment body 12 is fixed or clamped, adapted to the shape of this depression. The center of the top surface of said additional attachment body to compensate for a non-existent transmission path is also a cylindrical body which is adapted to the cylindrical recess of the attachment body 12, placed, while the center of the base of the additional attachment body is recessed a cylindrical recess which corresponds to the shape of the free End of the punch head 172 corresponds. This is achieved, if intended, the additional attachment body between the punch head 172 and the attachment body 12 can be arranged or clamped. Furthermore, a cylindrical body is placed in the middle of the frontal bearing surface of the attachment body 7, which is adapted to the shape of a cylindrical recess which is recessed in the center of the bearing surface of the punch head 171. This ensures that the two punch heads 171, 172 of the stamp printing device 17 are exactly and immovably fixed or clamped to the two attachment bodies 7, 12 with or without an interposed additional attachment body.

Subsequently, according to the measure d) of the pressure body 8 on the bolt head of the connecting pin 18 and then adjusts the expansion sleeve 23 in the recess 22 of the second lever 1. In this case, the bolt head is placed in the pressure element 8, after which it is received by a - adapted to its shape - well, which is incorporated centrally of the frontal support surface of the pressure hull 8. In addition, the bolt head remote sleeve end of the expansion sleeve 23 is placed standing on the effectively existing bearing surface of the first recess 22, so that the bolt connection to be solved is thus fixed immovably.

The prerequisite for achieving a definitive fastening of the device to the bolt connection - before initiating the release operation - is the realization of the subsequent measure e). Thereafter, a hydraulic medium is first supplied with a hydraulic pump of the hydraulic pressure cylinder designed as a stamping pressure device 17, whereby a pre-pressure is built up in the interior of the hydraulic pressure cylinder. The form is transferred to the movable punch heads 171, 172, which are then fixed in the extended state at the respective end region of the two attachment body 7, 12 and press against the latter. The unfolded pressure forces FDS1, FDS2 are transmitted almost completely over the lever length to the respective second lever end E12, E22 of the respective lever 1, 2, so that from the first lever 2 a pressure force FDS1 ~ and from the second lever 1 a pressure force FDS2- on the Bolt connection acts. Accordingly, in the axial direction of the connecting bolt 18 with the pressure body 8 on the bolt head a compressive force FDS1 ~ and on the connecting sleeve 23 a compressive force FDS2 ~ be introduced, as a result of the initially still structurally fixed bolt connection between the pressure hull 8 and the left lever edge portion of the second lever. 1 fixed or clamped exact position.

Following this, according to a measure f), the pull-out device 24 is guided through the first bore B1 which inserts on the outer side of the second lever 1, until the additional cylinder body 242 which rests on that top surface of the cylindrical body 244 guided through the first bore B1 of the cylindrical pull-out device 24 Bolt recess of the connecting bolt 18, which is incorporated at the center of the bolt end face of the connecting bolt 18, reached.

With these measures a) to f) so far the conditions are created to initiate the actual release operation of the connecting pin 18.

Now a further measure g) is implemented, after which - the measure f) - the stamp pressure device 17 completely converts the energy supplied to the punch heads 171, 172. The punch heads 171, 172 will then press with one of them completely developed total pressure FDS1, FDS2 of about 20 t on one side ie the right side of the lever edge regions against the two levers 1, 2 pivotally mounted. Thereafter, the respective pressure force FDS1, FDS2 on the lever length of the two levers 1, 2 spread and on the other side ie left-side lever edge region of the lever 1, 2 via the pressure body 8 on the bolt head of the connecting pin 18 and simultaneously deflected directly to the expansion sleeve 23 ,

With a further measure h) thereafter, the additional cylinder body 242 of the pull-out device 24, which will have a smaller diameter compared to the cylinder body 244 and is equipped with an external thread on the outer circumference, an inner thread which is applied to a pin bore running in the direction of the pin axis, screwed. As a result, there is the possibility that at the bolt end of the connecting bolt 18 additionally a tensile force FZ will begin, as a result of the existing non-positive connection between the connecting pin 18 and the expansion sleeve 23 - with increase of the detected threads - is solved and the connecting pin 18 in the second recess 221st is moved. In this screwing the screw head 241, the end wall outside of the second lever 1 is seated on the base of the cylindrical extension device 24, which is still supported by an axially interposed bearing element on the second lever 1, moved by right-hand movement clockwise with a Torqueschlüssel, the rightward movement that Screw head 241 from a position which allows a perpendicular to the screw head 241 directed view, which is in the direction of the cylinder axis of the aforementioned cylinder body 244 of the extension device 24, is clear.

According to this measure h) is thus first the cylinder body 244 of the extension device 24 by the front outer side of the second lever 1 inserted and the latter vertically penetrating first bore B1 and then the external thread of the aforementioned additional cylinder body 242 of the extractor 24 the internal thread of the existing pin hole of the connecting pin 18th screwed. From the attachment of the screw head 241 to the outer end face of the second lever, the screw connection i. of the additional cylinder body 242 in the pin bore a growth of tensile force FZ arrive. Thus, at the bolt end of the connecting pin 18 in the axial direction of the connecting pin 18 in addition a tensile force FZ of about 11 t are introduced.

In addition, it is completed that in the middle of the lever length of both levers 1, 2 a non-negligible proportional value of tensile forces occurring FZÜ1, FZÜ2 as transmitted tensile force FDÜ1, FDÜ2 in the relevant lever 1, 2 T-shaped attached fork body 4, 6 is initiated. These tensile forces FZÜ1, FZÜ2 are due to the lever-transmitted pressure forces FDS1, FDS2 on the bolt head of the connecting bolt 18 and the bolt-distal sleeve edge at the sleeve end of the expansion sleeve 23, which is placed that bearing surface of the first recess 22 of the second lever 1, because because of the articulated arrangement the lever 1, 2 and the lever transmission of the compressive forces FDS1, FDS2 on the bolt head and the sleeve edge, the fork body 4, 6 slightly the hinge pin of the fork joint 13 in the direction of their T-shaped attachment to the respective lever 1, 2 are moved. As a result, the fork joint 13 is also subjected to shear, which is why the hinge pin due to its dynamic and static stress at the point of mechanical coupling of the fork body 4, 6 in the fork joint 13 is to be dimensioned accordingly.

With the action of the compressive forces FDS1 ~, FDS2 ~ on the bolt connection and the additional introduction of the tensile force FZ at the bolt end of the connecting bolt 18 usually a release of the connecting bolt 18 from the frictional connection with the expansion sleeve 23 will arrive.

If the desired success according to the measure h) fails, then you will not increase the torque of the pullout device 24 in a non-release of the connecting pin 18 from the expansion sleeve 23 by the introduced tensile force FZ of about 11 t. Instead, the order of following actions is followed:

First, according to a further measure i), the hydraulic pressure of 20 t of the stamp pressure device 17 is discharged. Thereafter, the extension device 24 is screwed back to its original position.

A subsequent measure j) provides that with the lever pressure device 17 repeatedly a hydraulically generated total pressure force of about 20 t is exerted on the one-sided edge regions of the two levers 1, 2. Subsequently, with the extension device 24 again a bias of up to 11 t is introduced to the connecting sleeve 8, wherein the bias is increased until the desired value until the connecting pin 18 is released from the expansion sleeve 23.

If the loosening of the connecting pin 18 from the connecting sleeve 23 repeatedly fails, there is a need for action, according to which a final measure k) provides, the sequence of measures from i) to j) repeated until the desired solution of the bolt connection is achieved.

reference numeral

1.2

lever

3

mother

4, 6

fork body

7

tower body

8th

pressure vessels

9

disc

10

screw

11

Face, inner

111, 211

Face, outer

12

tower body

13

yoke

14

retaining bolt

17

Stamp printing facility

171, 172

Stamp head, movable

18

connecting bolts

21

Face, inner

22, 221

deepening

23

expansion sleeve

24

extraction device

241

screw head

242, 244

cylinder body

243

cone bodies

25

recess

26, 27

Structure (areas) part

E11, E21

Lever end, first

E12, E22

Lever end, second

B1, B2

Bore, with internal thread

FDS1, FDS2

thrust

FZÜ1, FZÜ2

Traction, transmitted

FDS1 ~, FDS2 ~

Compressive force, transmitted

FZ

traction

Claims (14)

1. Device for releasing a connection bolt (18) of a bolt connection which has a two-part construction, wherein the bolt connection is constructed from a connection bolt (18) and an expansion sleeve (23), inside which said connection bolt (18) is arranged, and with a first end, constructed as a bolt head, the connection bolt (18) projects from the expansion sleeve (23) and with its second end is located inside the expansion sleeve (23) for mechanical connection of structural parts (26, 27), which are located one above the other, of an aircraft, wherein the bolt connection is arranged in such a way in an opening for receiving the expansion sleeve (23) with integrated connection bolt (18), penetrating the structural parts (26, 27) to be connected and introduced therein that, in the fastened state of the bolt connection, the connection bolt (18) is non-positively connected to the expansion sleeve (23) in such a way that it presses the expansion sleeve (23) with corresponding pressing force against the wall of the opening introduced into the structural parts (26, 27), characterised in that two levers (1, 2), mounted so as to be movable together in the manner of a joint, are arranged substantially parallel to each other, of which the inner end faces (11, 21) oppose each other, a joint, produced with two fork bodies (4, 6) and a fork joint (13) that can be mechanically coupled to the latter, of which the end remote from the fork is in each case fastened at the centre of the lever to an inner end face (11, 21) of the associated lever (1, 2) in a T-joint, connecting the two levers (1, 2) together so as to be movable in the manner of joint, in order to convert a lever edge-side movement on one side of the levers (1, 2) away from each other into a lever edge side-movement on the other side of the levers (1, 2) toward each other and vice versa, in that a punching pressure device (17) is arranged between the inner end faces (11, 21) on one side at the lever edge side and a pressure body (8) is positioned on the inner end face (21) of a first lever (2) on the other side at the lever edge side, in that the pressure body (8) can be placed onto the bolt head of the connection bolt (18) and the lever edge region on the other side of a second lever (1), which is provided with at least one cylinder-like indentation (22) on the inner end face (11), can be placed onto the expansion sleeve (23), in that an extraction device (24), penetrating a first drilled hole (B1), is guided through the lever edge region on the other side of the second lever (1), which device can be releasably connected to the second end of the connection bolt (18), for which reason, by way of force introduction of pressing forces (FDS1, FDS2), which the punching pressure device (17) individually transmits to the associated lever (1, 2), and by way of exertion of a tensile force (FZ) with which the extraction device (24) additionally acts on the second end of the connection bolt (18), the connection bolt (18) may be removed from the expansion sleeve (23) non-positively connecting the connection bolt (18) and moved into the indentation (22).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one add-on body (7, 12) in each case is fastened on the inner end faces (11, 21) of the two levers (1, 2) on one side and at the lever edge side of their first lever ends (E11, E12), of which add-on body the end faces face each other, and the punching pressure device (17) with two movable punching heads (171, 172) is arranged between the two add-on bodies (7, 12), the punching heads, at the end face, being positioned on the two add-on bodies (7, 12), wherein the drilled hole (B1) extending up to a first indentation (22) is let into the second lever (1) on the other side at the lever edge side and close to its remaining second lever end (E12), the drilled hole being oriented toward the pressure body (8), which is fastened on the other side at the lever edge side to a remaining second lever end (E22) on the inner end face (21) of the first lever (2).
3. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the punching pressure device (17) comprises a cylinder body to which, in the interior, two pressure cylinders that can be driven in and out in opposite directions, can be moved, which cylinders move, as a result of a hydraulic or pneumatic pressing force acting on the base surface, so as to change in length along the cylinder inner wall and on the outer surface of which pressure cylinders a respective punching head (171, 172) sits, alternatively an electrically powered transmitter unit is arranged inside the cylinder body, which unit, with moving elements that are fastened to the pressure cylinders, exerts a pressing or tensile force on the pressure cylinders.
4. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the levers (1, 2) have a right parallelepiped body shape, of which the inner end faces (11, 12) are provided to the side of the fork bodies (4, 6), and of which the outer end faces are provided with at least one recess (25).
5. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that two cylinder-like indentations (22, 221) with different depths are worked into the other side of the lever edge region of the second lever (1), of which indentations the cylinder axis corresponds to the extended course of the drilling axis of the first drilled hole (B1), wherein the first indentation (22) starts at the inner end face (11) of the second lever (1) which is adapted to the diameter of a sleeve edge end region of the expansion sleeve (23), and wherein a second indentation (221) adjoins the first indentation (22) which terminates at the drilled hole (B1) and is adapted to the diameter of the bolt end of the connection bolt (18).
6. Device according to claim 2, characterised in that the fork end of a first fork body (4), which is fastened to the second lever (1), is formed with a double fork and the fork end of a second fork body (6), which is fastened to the first lever (2), is formed with a joint bracket, wherein the joint bracket may be positioned between the two forks of the double fork.
7. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the joint mobility of the two levers (1, 2) is achieved with a joint bolt produced as a fork joint (13) and which is guided through a second drilled hole completely penetrating the fork ends, of which joint bolt the head is located on one of the two forks of the double fork and of which the bolt end, which has sufficient spacing from the fork at the exit, is secured with a splint.
8. Device according to claims 1 and 2 and 5, characterised in that the extraction device (24) comprises a cylinder body (244), which may be guided through the first drilled hole (B1), to which a screw head (241) is fastened on the base surface and an additional cylinder body (242), of which the outer casing has an external thread, is fastened on the outer surface, on the outer surface of which cylinder body the base surface of a cone body (243) is fastened, of which the cone point shape is adapted at the end to a bolt indentation which is worked into the bolt end of the connection bolt (18), wherein the bolt indentation is a cylindrical drilled hole provided with an internal thread into which the external thread of the additional cylinder body (242) may be screwed, and wherein the body axes of the two cylinders (242, 244) and of the cone body (243) assume an identical position.
9. Device according to claim 8, characterised in that, when the cylinder body (244) is in the state guided through the first drilled hole (B1), the cone body (243) is guided through the two indentations (22, 221) in such a way that it is arranged so as to stick out from the inner end face (11) of the second lever (1).
10. Device according to claim 2, characterised in that on one of the two add-on bodies (7, 12) there is positioned an additional add-on body with which the force transmission path from the other side of the lever edge region of the first lever (2) to the bolt head, which will exist when a connection bolt (18) with a relatively short bolt length is released, may be compensated.
11. Method for releasing a connection bolt (18) of a bolt connection comprising a device according to claims 8 and 9, with which structural parts (26, 27) of an aircraft are mechanically fastened, characterised by the following steps:

    a) insofar as it has not yet occurred, the various component parts of the device comprising a plurality of component parts are completed in such a way whereby, at the associated outer end face (11, 21) in the middle of the two levers (1, 2), the two fork bodies (4, 7), and on one side at the lever edge side, the two add-on bodies (7, 12), and on the other side at the lever edge side, the pressure body (8), are fastened by a screwed connection and thereafter the fork ends of the two fork bodies (4, 6) are mechanically coupled in the fork joint (13) and are combined in terms of joint mobility;

    b) the completed device is thereafter placed on the bolt connection in such a way that the first lever (2) and the second lever (1) overlap the bolt connection at the other side of the lever edge region, wherein the pressure body (8) positioned at the lever edge side on the inner end face (21) of the first lever (2) and the inner end face (11) of the second lever (1), provided at the lever edge side with at least one first cylinder-like indentation (22), face the bolt connection;

    c) thereupon the punching pressure device (17) is fixed between the add-on bodies (7, 12) in each case fastened at the opposing lever end on the inner end face (11, 21) of the two levers (1, 2), wherein the punch heads (171, 172), which are integrated in the punching pressure device (17) and can be moved in opposite directions to each other, are in the non- or only slightly extended state, which are positioned at the end face-side of the two add-on bodies (7, 12);

    d) the pressure body (8) is thereupon aligned on the bolt head of the connection bolt (18) and thereafter the expansion sleeve (23) is aligned in the indentation (22) of the second lever (1);

    e) the punching pressure device (17) subsequently transfers energy supplied to it, whereby, in the interior of an hydraulic cylinder of the punching pressure device (17), an admission pressure is built up which is transmitted to the punch heads (171, 172) which, in the extended state, are then fixed at the end face-side of the two add-on bodies (7, 12) and press against them, for which reason they then develop a respective pressing force (FDS1, FDS2) which is thereafter transmitted almost completely across the lever length of the two levers (1, 2) up to the associated second lever end (E12, E22) of the respective lever (1, 2), so that, from the first lever (2), a transmitted pressing force (FDS1~) and, from the second lever (1), a transmitted pressing force (FDS2~) act on the bolt connection,
    wherein in the direction of the bolt axis of the connection bolt (18), the transmitted pressing force (FDS1~) is introduced onto the bolt head by the pressure body (8), and the transmitted pressing force (FDS2~) is introduced by the end face region, indented at the lever edge side, of the first lever (2), onto the connection sleeve (23), as a consequence of which precise positional fixing of the bolt connection between the pressure body (8) and the left-hand lever edge region of the first and second levers (2, 1) is implemented;

    f) the extraction device (24) configured with a cylinder body (244) and with an additional cylinder body (242) fastened to the latter so as to sit on the outer surface is subsequently guided through the first drilled hole (B1), which starts at the end outer face of the second lever (1), until the additional cylinder body (242) of the extraction device (24) reaches a bolt indentation, which at the bolt end is worked into the middle of the bolt end face of the connection bolt (18), in order to thus ensure mechanical decoupling between the extraction device (24), on the one hand, and the connection bolt (18), on the other hand;

    g) the punching pressure device (17) subsequently transfers energy supplied to it to the punch heads (171, 172) which with a pressing force (FDS1, FDS2) developed by them then push on one side of the lever edge regions against the two levers (1, 2), mounted so as to be movable in the manner of a joint, and thereafter the associated pressing force (FDS1, FDS2) spreads across the lever length and is then transmitted on the other side of the lever edge region of the levers (1, 2) via the pressure body (8) as a pressing force (FDS1~) onto the bolt head of the connection bolt (18) and simultaneously as a pressing force (FDS2~) directly onto the expansion sleeve (23);

    h) the additional cylinder body (242), provided with an external thread and configured with a smaller diameter, of the extraction device (24) is thereafter screwed into an internal thread of the bolt indentation, configured as a tapped hole, which extends in the direction of the bolt axis, whereby a tensile force (FZ) is additionally applied to the bolt end,'as a consequence of which the non-positive connection of the connection bolt (18) to the expansion sleeve (23) is released and the connection bolt (18) is moved into the second indentation (221).
12. Method according to claim 11, characterised in that an additional add-on body is positioned on one of the two add-on bodies (7, 12), whereby a non-existent closed force transmission path from the other side of the lever edge region of the first lever (2) to the bolt head, which will exist when a connection bolt (18) with a relatively short bolt length is released, is compensated.
13. Method according to claims 11 and 12, characterised in that an admission pressure is built up in a punching pressure device (17), configured as a hydraulic pressure cylinder, by a pumped hydraulic medium by means of a hydraulic pump, whereby the movable punch heads (171, 172) thereof are fixed at the associated end region of the add-on body (7) and in the axial direction of the connection bolt (18) a total pressing force of about 20 t is introduced by the pressure body (8) onto the bolt head and by the second lever (1) on the other side of the lever edge onto the expansion sleeve (23), and thereafter, as a result of right-hand motion of a screw head (241), placed by a torque wrench at the end wall outer side of the second lever (1) on the base surface of the cylinder body (244) of the cylindrical extraction device (24), and which screw head is supported on the second lever (1) by means of an axially interconnected bearing element, the additional cylinder body (244) of the cylindrical extraction device (24) is screwed with its external thread into the internal thread of the drilled bolt hole of the bolt indentation and thus a tensile force of 11 t is introduced onto the bolt end in the axial direction of the connection bolt (18).
14. Method according to claim 13, characterised in that with non-release of the connection bolt (18) from the expansion sleeve (23) as a result of the introduced tensile force (FZ) of 11 t, the torque of the extraction device (24) is in no case increased further, rather the following steps are adhered to:

    i) the hydraulically generated total pressing force of 20 t is released to the punching pressure device (17) and thereafter the extraction device (24) is screwed back into its starting position;

    j) in addition an hydraulically generated total pressing force of 20 t is exerted on one side of the edge regions of the two levers (1, 2) by the punching pressure device (17) and thereafter a pre-tensioning force of up to 11 t is again introduced onto the connection sleeve (18) by the extraction device (24), wherein this pre-tensioning force is increased, up to a desired set value, until the connection bolt (18) is released from the expansion sleeve (23);

    k) if release of the connection bolt (18) from the connection sleeve (23) repeatedly fails to materialise, the sequence from i) to j) is repeated until release of the connection bolt (18) from the connection sleeve (23) is achieved.

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