EP1026301A2 - Process and device for manufacturing a mat of material for insulation - Google Patents

Abstract

Before the fiber batt (3) is wound up into a roll, it is compressed (31) and then released (33) in a direction at right angles to the surfaces (21,22) to make it more elastic. At least the surface forming the outside of the roll is treated. Variants of the process also apply some compression and decompression in an axial direction by changing the angle of the conveyors (13 to 17, 23 to 27). An Independent claim is also included for a rolling station incorporating a compression (31) and decompression (33) zone. The action can be carried out by angled conveyors (13 to 17, 23 to 27) or alternatively by rollers or hydraulically activated plungers. The rate of deformation is controlled and can include steam treatment.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing an insulation web, in particular an insulation felt or insulation boards that can be separated therefrom made of rock wool, with a non-woven fabric on a conveyor a roll-up station is fed, in which the nonwoven fabric forms a roll is wound up, the nonwoven fabric being compressed in the winding.

Insulation sheets made of mineral wool, in particular rock wool and / or glass wool, are used to insulate buildings. Such insulation material webs can be designed, for example, as insulation felt, which insulation felt can be separated into insulation boards. Such insulation webs have bulk densities between 12 and 60 kg / m ³ . Because of these relatively low bulk densities, such insulation sheeting cannot be subjected to pressure. A large space is required for the storage of such insulation webs in the manufacturing plant, at the dealer and on the construction site. In the same way, a correspondingly large transport space, for example in trucks, is required, so that trucks used accordingly are not utilized in terms of their weight-carrying capacity.

Insulation sheets described above are more common in themselves Way continuously produced on production lines that are known per se Melting furnace, a fiberizing device and a conveyor exhibit. Around such insulation sheets as transportable containers To provide, the insulation is in one at the end of the Conveyor arranged winding station and wound up. Of course, such a production line can include other components, as have other cutting devices and / or hardening furnaces. It goes without saying that the endlessly produced on the line Insulation sheet is cut to length from the insulation sheet before winding.

It is known that the insulating felt to be wound during the winding process to compress, so that each wrap with a constant volume has greater mass. Such insulation felts are for example from the DE 36 12 857 C2 known, here a compression ratio of Insulation sheet in the winding from 1 to 2.5. Overall there are compressions known up to 50% of the initial volume. Compressing Insulation sheeting of this type has many economic advantages. Because of Manufacturing-related factors can be excluded Compress rockwool less without losing the initial thickness as insulation panels made of glass wool. In addition, the ability to wrap is also the rock wool insulation sheets significantly lower.

Mineral wool insulation materials basically consist of glassy solidified fibers, usually with small amounts of thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde-urea resin mixtures be bound. The diameter the fibers are on average less than 3 to 4 microns. The lengths the fibers vary from a few millimeters to a few centimeters with the so-called glass wool. It becomes common between A distinction is made between glass wool, rock wool and slag wool. The compositions the different mineral wools are significantly different. The melts suitable for the production of glass wool are alkali-rich and can therefore be used in the centrifugal-blow process pull out relatively long smooth fibers. The fibers are made with the binders impregnated and fall in a manhole on a conveyor belt. The fibers are deposited flat on this conveyor belt. Through the Series connection of several defibration units, which the place the fibers they produce on the same conveyor belt, can flow-related different deposits over the Width and length of the conveyor belt are largely balanced. Because the individual defibration units have a relatively low output of course, this series connection increases the economy of the Production line. The one with the binder and small amounts of oil Dust binding impregnated fiber mass flow is fed to a hardening furnace, in which the fiber mass flow to the desired thickness and by regulating the transport speed accordingly with the target density is produced. After leaving the hardening furnace the fibers lie parallel to the large surfaces, d. H. the sections separated from the endless fiber mass flow have an extremely laminar structure. With such a The insulation membrane has a structure parallel to the large surfaces a significantly higher tensile strength than across them on such insulation sheeting can be easily compressed and have a certain Elasticity, d. that is, the insulation web is slightly compressed and the After the load is lifted, the insulation sheet takes its place original thickness after lifting the load.

The light insulation felts made of glass wool in question are produced with bulk densities of approx. 6 to 20 kg / m ³ , preferably 14 to 18 kg / m ³ . In this bulk density range, the glass wool insulation materials have a calculated thermal conductivity value of λ R = 0.040 W / m K on. These insulation felts can easily be wound up into rolls several meters long, the insulation felts being compressible with up to approx. 60%. With larger thicknesses, however, the compression must be reduced, since there is already a risk that the tensile strength of the outer zones will be exceeded when rolling up. Crack formation can be prevented by sticking on tear-resistant foils, papers, tiles or the like.

DE 36 12 857 C2, already mentioned at the outset, provides for a roll-up insulation roll which is compressed in the winding and has bulk densities of between 10 and 40 kg / m ³ , with insulation felts with bulk densities of more than 25 kg / m ³ not being readily wound. Furthermore, the insulation felt described in this document should be windable on the one hand, but on the other hand, after opening the winding and cutting off a section representing a panel, it should have a stability which corresponds to the stability of a conventional insulation panel.

Compared to the insulation sheeting described above Glass fibers consist of rock wool fibers made of relative short, deformed fibers and aggregated into flakes. The flakes are more resistant to pressure loads from all three main axes as, for example, horizontally layered glass wool fibers. The tensile strength of a structure determined by these flakes but is much less in all directions. According to the procedure in the case of insulating material made from glass fibers, the rock wool fibers usually with thermosetting phenol-urea-formaldehyde resin mixtures bound. The binder content in stone wool insulation felts and in light stone wool insulation boards is 1.5 to approx. 2.5% by mass significantly less than with glass wool insulation felts and lightweight insulation panels made of glass fibers. The proportion of binders in the Insulation materials have an upper limit for several reasons. In to Large amounts of binder lose the insulation materials because of the too intensive Connection of the fibers their resilient properties as well the non-flammability. At the same time, however, the manufacturing costs also increase disproportionately for such insulation materials.

Both in the insulation sheets made of glass fibers and in the Insulation sheeting made of stone fibers is the distribution of the small amounts of binder completely inadequate in the fiber mass. In the insulation materials there are always areas with a higher proportion of binder next to areas with little or no commitment. Both areas behave with the deformation, for example significantly different during rolling up, so that cracks preferentially on the edges of the richer binder and thus stiffer flakes or fibers arise.

This also has a particularly unfavorable effect on the roll-up behavior Collection technique of stone wool fibers. In the production of stone wool insulation materials can the fibers in above Way can be collected directly. An air-permeable conveyor belt runs so slowly through the collection chamber that there is a layer of fibers forms, which corresponds to the thickness of the insulation material. There one Homogeneity of the fiber layer, especially in high-performance systems, neither the width nor the height is given and also an early one Hardening only by adding large amounts of cooling water can be avoided, the fibers are as thin as possible, more or less continuous primary fleece from the collection chamber subtracted and then with the help of a cross to the production direction and thus to the direction of the pendulum working continuously superimposed. Using this method, the homogeneity of the fiber mass can or the insulation sheet in relation to the properties of use compared to the direct collection can be significantly improved. As a result of the multiple deflection on the transport devices and in the pendulum, the high transport speeds, as well as in particular the drying of the primary fleece caused by the pendulum movement there is the formation of parting surfaces that occur during the curing process of the binder required vertical and longitudinal compression of the impregnated fiber masses can no longer be removed. The vertical and longitudinal compression of the fibers impregnated with binders mainly affect in the longitudinal direction of the fiber mass flow. Accordingly, the properties of the insulation sheet are directional. Furthermore, binder-free fibers preferentially accumulate in the Separation zones and prevent a non-positive connection of the individual Layers of the primary fleece, which creates the tensile strength between the Primary fleece layers is reduced. When rolling up the insulation sheet, step therefore cracks first in the area of the parting surfaces.

Stone wool insulation sheets can be produced with minimum bulk densities between 23 and 27 kg / m ³ . Such bulk densities are sufficient to achieve thermal conductivity group 040 according to DIN 4108, the upper limit being 32 kg / m ³ . Insulation sheets made of stone wool in thermal conductivity group 035 must already have bulk densities of approx. 40 to 55 kg / m ³ . At this density, it is only possible to wind up such an insulating material sheet with the risk of damage, in particular in the outer area.

A device for producing a roll from a nonwoven fabric, in particular an insulating felt made of preferably mineral fibers, in particular Rock wool, consisting of a conveyor, for example a conveyor belt and one arranged at the end of the conveyor Roll-up station in which the conveyor device as a belt-shaped Element of the roll station supplied nonwoven wound into a roll as is the subject of the present invention is, for example known from US 3,964,232.

Based on the prior art described above, the invention has for its object to provide a device and a method of the generic type with which or with which a uniform elasticization of a nonwoven fabric is made possible, so that the nonwoven fabric is rolled up gently even at high density can be. The solution to this problem is provided in a generic method that the nonwoven fabric is fed to a compression and decompression device in front of the roll-up station, in which the nonwoven fabric is compressed essentially in the direction of the surface normal at least its large surface outside in the winding and then decompressed in order to To elasticize the nonwoven, the compression and decompression taking place in a controlled manner.

The elasticization according to the invention leads on the one hand to the fact that the Spring force is evened out over the large surfaces. Through the Controlled compression and decompression becomes the nonwoven in this way prepared for winding that higher elasticity in the large Surfaces exist, so that in particular the winder tensile stresses and shear stresses occurring in the external area do not cause the nonwoven to tear. Here the compression and decompression are controlled, d. H. the nonwoven only becomes in accordance with its material properties gently compressed before the decompression phase follows, in which the Nonwoven fabric is not suddenly relaxed, but over a certain one Fed away to a controlled slow relaxation becomes. As a result, the elasticity is increased such that a rolling up of the Insulation sheet is also possible if the bulk density is above the previously possible densities for rollable insulation sheeting. The invention Process results in the structure of the nonwoven fabric form evenly distributed micro and macro cracks over their Scheduled change in the pulling and Shear stresses are reduced. The aim here is to disintegrate the To prevent insulation when rolling up or compression. in the The resulting loosening of the macro structures is used usually not noticeable. Rather, they point that way treated insulation sheets according to their delivery form and the later use particularly good processing properties.

According to the method according to the invention, the insulation web is each once based on initial consistency, but usually graded several times compressed and decompressed, d. H. controls relaxed to the fibers to give everybody the opportunity to work according to the to orientate changed conditions. Here the compression gradually increased so that not too many fibers through an immediate acting compression can be broken. The compression of the nonwoven must be so gentle that the tensile strength of the surface layers is not exceeded. Here there is the possibility that the compression is carried out with the nonwoven at rest. There this procedure is relatively complex and the manufacturing process interrupts its continuity, the compression and decompression carried out in the course of a continuous process.

Preferably, the nonwoven fabric is used in the compression and decompression device decompressed to a level that is Initial state of the nonwoven fabric in front of the compression and decompression device represents a compression of the nonwoven fabric. As a result reaches the nonwoven fabric during the compression and decompression phase the no longer original, unloaded material thickness in the compression and decompression device. Is therefore the Roll-up station immediately behind the compression and decompression device arranged, the nonwoven fabric is compressed at least slightly fed to the reel station and wound. So that's it Nonwoven in a compressed form in the wrap.

It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that Nonwoven fabric at an angle of <45 °, preferably <25 ° relative to central axis of the nonwoven fabric in the compression and decompression device is compressed or decompressed. It turned out that such compression and decompression is very gentle for the nonwoven, so that the desired elasticization can be achieved is without causing excessive damage to the individual fibers or the bond between the fibers.

In addition, a pre-compression can be done by this angular arrangement of the nonwoven fabric, which is then accelerated further compression passes. Here, the relative movements hampered within the nonwoven fabric during compression. The discharge, d. H. Decompression of the nonwoven can be done under the same Aspects are made, d. H. it is first one Relief or decompression should be provided as slowly as possible in order to Shear movements between still compressed and already relieved To keep nonwoven elements as low as possible.

The number of compression and decompression processes is first Line depending on the basic structure of the insulation material, i.e. the bulk density, the binder content, inhomogeneity and ultimately the thickness of the nonwoven. Under favorable conditions, a one-off Compression and decompression are usually sufficient but more than three compression and decompression operations are required. If the compression and decompression processes are repeated several times the amount of compression is generally from Level to level increased. This results in a high internal shear stress avoided and secondly the pressure to be applied kept low because of the resistance of the nonwoven fabric to compression decreases from level to level.

The transfer of the compressive forces into the nonwoven is naturally not evenly. It is therefore advantageous to use the compression according to the invention Execute symmetrically to the central plane of the nonwoven. It exists but also the ability to apply compression to a greater degree to apply one of the large surfaces, for example to the surface, that during the winding process in the pull zone, thus to the outside the winding is arranged lying.

To equalize the resistance to shear and tensile forces and to improve elasticity, it has proven to be beneficial to compress and close the nonwoven also in the horizontal direction decompress, with the action of forces on the narrow sides of the nonwoven is provided. Because of the many nonwovens in In this direction, the tensile strength is too low by means of a horizontally acting pressure component. To this To achieve effect, the compression and decompression sections at appropriate angles to the central axis in both Angled directions. Bending angles can be provided here be identical in amount. It is preferably provided that with increasing loosening or elasticization, the turning angle be enlarged. Because of the more intense and even The deflections of the nonwoven fabric advantageously take place in the transmission of force in the area of the compression zones.

The bend angles can also be changed periodically become. For this purpose, the individual elements of the compression and Decompression device each moved around a horizontal axis become. This also has a corresponding influence on the nonwoven fabric possible that the radii of curvature by a regular Pushing and spreading the compression and Decompression elements are changed.

There is also the possibility that the nonwoven fabric over its entire length Length is compressed and decompressed several times and then by repeatedly pushing them together over a certain section of the route is elasticized, the amplitude and frequency and thus ultimately the radii of curvature of the unfolded nonwoven be continuously reduced. It can therefore be provided that a multi-compressed and decompressed nonwoven initially pushed together over a certain distance, d. H. is folded which process is repeated several times with an increasingly shortened route becomes. By shortening the thrust distance, the radii of curvature become the folds are reduced while the length of the nonwoven fabric remains the same.

According to the invention, the beginning of the nonwoven, i.e. H. the area of Non-woven fabric that is inside the wrap and with the smallest radius of curvature is rolled up, compressed more and preferably more frequently decompressed as the remaining area of the nonwoven.

The elasticization of the nonwoven fabric is preferably at least in weakened shape in the transverse direction, d. H. across the width of the nonwoven carried out. For this purpose, the nonwoven fabric can, for example, by 90 ° rotated and subjected to compression and decompression.

To reduce the compressive and bending stresses to be introduced in the nonwoven and to avoid undesirable damage to the nonwoven, it is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the nonwoven fabric before the elasticization by the compression and the Decompression, or before rolling up or compressing one Steam treatment lasting several days, for example 3 to 7 days is subjected. Here, the nonwoven is covered with a relative humidity of> 90% stored. This process can be advantageous can be shortened in that the nonwoven fabric in an autoclave, for example 10 to 15 minutes at 1 bar overpressure (corresponds to approx. 121 ° C) is treated. Steam treatment diminishes in both The strength properties decrease by approx. 20 to 40%. The nonwoven is then compressed and decompressed when wet as well as rolled up. Because the reduction effect is partially reversible is obtained after rolling up and thus before its intended use Use approximately its original strength back. The same effect occurs in particular with thermoplastic Binders and can be used for non-destructive rolling up. The elasticization of the nonwoven according to the invention, the rolling up or the compression of the fiber fleece takes place in relation to room air elevated temperatures and at high relative humidity or below Exposure to water vapor.

To achieve the object in a generic device, it is provided that the roll-up station is preceded by a compression and decompression device in which the nonwoven fabric is compressed in a controlled manner in the direction of the surface normals of at least one of its large surfaces and then decompressed.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the Compression and decompression device at least one of the conveyor has oppositely arranged pressure element, which is aligned in the conveying direction to the conveying device, and that a pressure element is connected to the pressure element, which is oriented away from the conveyor in the conveying direction. This results in an arrangement of the necessary pressure elements, which are gentle compression and controlled decompression allow the nonwoven fabric, the back pressure by the conveyor provided.

The compression and decompression device is preferably made from at least two running and opposite to each other in the conveying direction Conveyor belt sections, from two adjoining, forming a compression zone, in the uniform and in particular adjustable distance arranged conveyor belt sections as well two decompression zones that diverge in the conveying direction forming conveyor belt sections.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the Compression and decompression device several, preferably at least three compression zones and decompression zones arranged one behind the other having. Here it has proven to be advantageous that the compression zones arranged one behind the other are increasing Compression strength and the one behind the other Decompression zones have a decreasing decompression strength, so that the nonwoven fabric during the passage of the compression and Decompression device to the retractor of a gradually increased Compression or a gradually reduced decompression is, so that there is a good overall elasticization of the nonwoven fabric results.

The conveyor belt sections before and after the compression zone are below an angle of <45 °, in particular <25 °, to the central axis of the nonwoven fabric arranged to allow a gentle elasticization of the nonwoven fabric.

To keep the number of compression stations small and compact Achieving construction is a further feature of the invention an additional pressure roller is provided, which is located within the Conveyor belt section of the compression zone with a high frequency moved back and forth in the conveying direction. The distance of the additional Pinch roller can be varied here within the conveyor belt section, d. H. for example in relation to the conveying direction on the rear Part of the conveyor section are limited.

It is also contemplated that the conveyor belt sections at bend angles are arranged one behind the other that the nonwoven fabric preferably is angled in the area of the compression zones. This configuration equalizes the resistance of the nonwoven fabric against shear and tensile forces because of the angled guide horizontal forces act on the nonwoven. This is it provided that the compression and decompression zones around suitable angles in which are matched to the radii of curvature of the winding be angled in both directions. The turning angles can be of the same size. However, it is preferably provided that the bending angle with increasing elasticization of the nonwoven fabric are enlarged. Because of the more intense and even Power transmission is preferably the deflection of the nonwoven fabric in Area of compression zones.

In order to be able to adjust the device to different non-woven fabrics, it is envisaged that the bend angle between the conveyor belt sections are individually adjustable. This adjustability also enables the change in the turn angle during compression and the decompression of the nonwoven. For this purpose, the individual conveyor belt sections each pivoted about a horizontal axis his.

As an alternative to the above-described embodiments of the invention Device can the compression and decompression device Have sets of rollers arranged opposite one another and act on the large surfaces of the nonwoven fabric. This Design is particularly low for fiber fleeces made of glass wool Suitable for bulk density.

According to the invention, the roller sets can be used during the elasticization process of the nonwoven fabric in regular movements relative to each other be moved. The oppositely arranged Roller sets can either be directly opposite or offset be arranged to each other.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the Compression and decompression device an elasticization device has the nonwoven fabric preferably in the transverse direction elasticized. Elasticization of the nonwoven fabric in the transverse direction, i. H. across the width of the nonwoven, is at least in a weakened form advantageous. A related elastication device has several Printing elements on at least one arranged along the nonwoven fabric Act on the narrow side in a controlled manner. These printing elements can For example, be arranged between guide rollers that the nonwoven run sideways.

The pressure elements consist of a housing and a flexible one Element, in particular made of rubber or synthetic rubber, which Element over a pressure medium in particular pulsating between one Active position and a rest position is movable. For this purpose be provided that the conveyor is periodically shut down, the side guide rollers being disengaged before the pressure elements cross the relevant section of the nonwoven fabric elasticize.

Water is preferably provided as the pressure medium a pump arranged in the housing pulsates against the expandable Element is eligible. This can be high pressure submersible pumps act with a certain water supply in each pressure element are arranged.

The elasticity of the elastic elements and the width of the print jet is set in such a way that compression is as gentle as possible of the nonwoven is executed. Here, the one to be elasticized transversely Nonwoven fabric is gradually transported, so that extensive elasticization is achieved over the entire length of the nonwoven. The elasticizer can be symmetrical to the central plane of the nonwoven fabric be arranged, d. H. work simultaneously from above and below, the Engagement zones can be offset with respect to the longitudinal direction.

Alternatively, an elasticization device can be provided that at least has a spherical or ellipsoidal pressure body that on a large surface of the nonwoven rolls.

The pressure body is preferably driven in rotation in order to prevent damage Shear stresses caused by friction in the insulation material only Reduce or avoid pressure hulls.

The pressure body is arranged on a support arm which is pivotable and / or is raised. Designed in this way, the pressure body used as required and over the entire surface of the nonwoven be performed.

A further improvement in compression by the pressure body is achieved in that the pressure body is displaceable along the support arm is stored. There are preferably a plurality of support arms on an axis of rotation attached. One or more pressure bodies can be attached to each of these support arms Pressure body can be arranged.

Finally, it is provided that the compression and decompression device a moistening device is connected upstream, in which the nonwoven fabric is moistened.

Figur 1

eine aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Aufrollstation in Seitenansicht;

Figur 2

einen Abschnitt einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht;

Figur 3

einen Abschnitt des Ausschnitts der Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 2 in Seitenansicht;

Figur 4

eine alternative Ausgestaltung des Abschnitts gemäß Figur 3;

Figur 5

eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht;

Figur 6

eine weitere Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht;

Figur 7

eine Elastifizierungseinrichtung der Vorrichtung gemäß einer der Figuren 2 bis 6 in einer ersten Stellung in Seitenansicht;;

Figur 8

die Elastifizierungseinrichtung nach Figur 7 in einer zweiten Arbeitsstellung in Seitenansicht;

Figur 9

eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Elastifizierungseinrichtung in Seitenansicht und

Figur 10

eine Draufsicht mehrerer Elastifizierungseinrichtungen gemäß Figur 9 in einer Draufsicht auf ein Faservlies

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of the accompanying drawing, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawing shows:

Figure 1

a roll-up station known from the prior art in side view;

Figure 2

a portion of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention in side view;

Figure 3

a portion of the section of the device according to Figure 2 in side view;

Figure 4

an alternative embodiment of the section according to Figure 3;

Figure 5

another embodiment of the device according to the invention in side view;

Figure 6

another embodiment of the device in side view;

Figure 7

an elastication device of the device according to one of Figures 2 to 6 in a first position in a side view ;;

Figure 8

7 in a second working position in side view;

Figure 9

a further embodiment of an elasticizing device in side view and

Figure 10

a plan view of several elasticization devices according to Figure 9 in a plan view of a nonwoven fabric

Figure 1 shows schematically a conventional reel station 1, which consists of a Conveyor belt 2 exists on which an uncompressed, freely lying Nonwoven fabric 3 is fed to the reeling station 1. The nonwoven fabric 3 is on End of the conveyor belt 2 from an upward conveyor belt 4 detected and due to the frictional force between the conveyor belt 4 and the nonwoven fabric 3 is bent at an angle well over 90 °. This creates strong tensile forces in the outer zone 5 of the nonwoven, which usually exceed the internal tensile forces of the nonwoven fabric 3. In particular, partially relatively stiff nonwovens 3, for example by an uneven binder distribution or due to the collection method Fiber fleeces 3 with weakness zones tear open or by or break apart so that individual pieces of the Nonwoven fabric 3 parallel to the conveyor belt 4 from the reeling station 1 are thrown out.

The conveyor belt 4 is rotatably mounted about a pivot point 6, so that the Conveyor belt 4 constantly on the outer surface of the wound fiber fleece ses 3 is present when the diameter of the roll of nonwoven fabric 3 increases takes.

The direction of conveyance of the nonwoven fabric 3 is on the conveyor belt with an arrow 7 2 indicated, whereas an arrow 8 the conveying direction of the Conveyor belt 4 indicates.

The contact pressure of the conveyor belt 4 on the outer surface of the nonwoven fabric 3 is essentially determined by the weight of the about the pivot 6th pivotable conveyor belt 4 determined. This contact pressure is due the high weight of the conveyor belt 4 so high that a deflected Section 9 of the nonwoven fabric 3 on an incoming section 10 of the nonwoven fabric 3 is pressed, whereby the reeling process is initiated becomes. During the rolling up, the nonwoven fabric 3 is about 50 to 60% compressed compared to its raw material thickness, resulting in considerable Shear stresses within the wound nonwoven 3 leads. The nonwoven fabric 3 is thus compressed in the winding.

An elastication roller 11 is connected upstream of the conveyor belt 4. The Elastification roller 11 is rotated in the direction of an arrow 12 and has a point-like compressive effect on the large one inside the wrap Surface of the nonwoven fabric 3 in order to elasticize this surface area, so that the compression of the nonwoven fabric 3 in the winding with respect of the negative shear stresses weakened Has consequences. The commonly used elastic rollers 11 have a small diameter, so that the sudden and one-sided compression of the structure in the engagement area the nonwoven fabric 3 damages or destroys. In addition, the arrangement of the elasticizing roller 11 has no effect on the tensile stress of the Nonwoven fabric 3 in the area of the outer zone 5.

FIG. 2 shows a section of a device for producing a roll made of a nonwoven fabric 3, as shown for example in the area of Conveyor belt 2 according to Figure 1 is used according to the invention. The Conveyor belt 2 is divided into conveyor belt sections 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17. The conveyor belt sections 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 are wave-shaped to each other arranged, the conveyor belt sections 13 and 16 substantially The conveyor belt sections 14 and 17 run parallel to one another are aligned substantially horizontally and the conveyor belt section 15 the end of the conveyor belt section 14 lying in the conveying direction connects to the beginning of the conveyor belt section 16. Between Conveyor belt sections 15 and 16, a guide roller 18 is arranged, which together with deflection rollers 19 and 20 a horizontal conveyor section represents for the nonwoven.

The conveyor belt sections 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 on which the nonwoven fabric 3 rests, conveyor belt sections 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 are opposite arranged on the large inside the wrap Put on surface 21. The conveyor belt sections 23, 25 and 26 are corresponding to the conveyor belt sections 13, 15 and 16 on the large ones Surfaces 21, 22 tapering or from the large surfaces 21, 22 aligned away. The conveyor belt sections 14, 24 and 17, 27 are aligned and form parallel to the large surfaces 21, 22 Compression zones 31, those of the nonwoven fabric 3 first in the conveying direction continuous compression zone 31 shorter than the following Compression zone 31 is formed. The direction of conveyance is through a Arrow 32 indicated in Figure 2. In addition, it must be stated that between the conveyor belt sections 25 and 26 a guide roller 28 is arranged which is with deflection rollers 29 and 30 of the conveyor belt sections 25 and 26th represents a horizontally oriented conveyor section.

The nonwoven fabric 3 has in the area in front of the conveyor belt sections 13 and 23 a certain material thickness x. The conveyor belt sections 13 and 23 are at an angle of approximately 25 ° to the central axis of the nonwoven fabric 3 aligned and represent a pre-compression of the nonwoven fabric 3. In the first compression zone 31 between the conveyor belt sections 14 and 24, the nonwoven fabric 3 is compressed to a certain extent and kept under compression over a certain conveyor section. in the Area of the conveyor belt sections 15 and 25, which also under one Angles of approximately 25 ° to the central axis of the nonwoven fabric 3 are arranged, the nonwoven fabric 3 is decompressed in a controlled manner down to a material thickness y, which has the nonwoven fabric 3 between the guide rollers 18 and 28. This Material thickness y is slightly less than the material thickness x before Conveyor belt sections 13 and 23.

The conveyor belt sections 15 and 25 and the guide rollers 18 and 28 thus represent a decompression zone 33. Following the Decompression zone 33 becomes the nonwoven fabric 3 between the conveyor belt sections 16 and 26 renewed compressed and in the compression zone 31 promoted under compression over a certain funding period. Here, the nonwoven fabric 3 has in the compression zone 31 between the conveyor belt sections 17 and 27 a lower material thickness than in the compression zone 31 between the conveyor belt sections 14 and 24. Accordingly, there exist in terms of construction or arrangement of the conveyor belt sections 16 and 26 two possibilities, namely the arrangement of the conveyor belt sections 16 and 26 at a steeper angle and / or to the other the extension of conveyor belt sections 16 and 26 opposite the conveyor belt sections 13 and 23.

A compression and decompression device shown in Figure 2 34 can from the two compression zones shown in Figure 2 31 and a decompression zone 33 arranged between them consist. As a rule, such a compression and decompression device 34 but a large number of compression zones 31 and decompression zones 33 on, of course, the compression increases in the compression zones 31 in the direction of the arrow 32 and the controlled decompression also from that shown Decompression zone 33 reduced to the following decompression zone is. The controlled compression and decompression of the nonwoven 3 leads to one over the entire length and width of the nonwoven fabric 3 excellent elasticity of the nonwoven fabric 3, so that the Damage to the nonwoven fabric 3 described above in the Roll-up station are essentially avoided.

In the compression and decompression device shown in Figure 2 34, the compression and decompression takes place symmetrically to the central axis of the material thickness of the nonwoven fabric 3. By a different Arrangement of the conveyor belt sections 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 to the conveyor belt sections 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 can also be a Different compression or decompression depending on the material thickness of the nonwoven fabric 3 can be achieved. In extreme cases, for example the conveyor belt sections 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 overall horizontally be aligned around the large surface 22 with minimal compression and subject to decompression. But it is advantageous that Compression and decompression especially on the large surface 22 to transfer, which is outside with a wound nonwoven fabric 3 and Train zone forms.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show improved embodiments of a conveyor belt section, here the conveyor belt section 14 in the area of Compression zone 31 shown. The conveyor belt section 14 is made from a deflection roller 35 and a drive roller 36. Furthermore, one Tensioning roller 37 between the deflection roller 35 and the drive roller 36 in Upper strand 38 of the conveyor belt is provided.

A pressure roller is located between the deflection roller 35 and the drive roller 36 39 is provided, which rests on the inner surface of the lower strand 40. The The direction of movement of the conveyor belt is shown by an arrow 41. The pressure roller 39 is between the guide roller 35 and the drive roller 36 back and forth, the frequency of movement of the pressure roller 39 is much greater than the conveyor speed of the conveyor belt. The depth of penetration of the pressure roller 39 can be adjusted via the tension roller 37 and thus the compression pressure can be set in the nonwoven fabric 3. In addition, there is the possibility of moving the pressure roller 39 to be restricted to a certain section of the lower strand 40. Hereby a targeted elasticization can take place in the nonwoven fabric 3.

FIG. 5 shows an advantageous further development of the compression and decompression device 34 shown in Figure 2, the nonwoven fabric 3 is indicated by a dash-dotted line. With this compression and decompression device 34 according to FIG additional horizontal forces applied to the nonwoven fabric 3 to the resistances the nonwoven 3 to equalize against shear and tensile forces.

For this purpose, the conveyor belt sections 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 arranged such that the nonwoven fabric 3 at least twice its conveying directions is angled. Angling the nonwoven 3 takes place in the compression zones 31.

The conveyor belt sections 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 are individually depending on the material properties of the nonwoven fabric 3 and the subsequent winding process in terms of their angular arrangement adjustable to each other. The turn angle in the compression zones 31 can be set identically or differently. The Angle adjustment can be done across the entire production process of a certain nonwoven fabric 3 remain identical or changed periodically in order to achieve further elasticization in parts of the Fiber fleece 3 to effect.

An alternative embodiment of a compression and decompression device 34 is shown in FIG. 6. With this compression and Decompression device 34, roller sets 42 are provided each from a central roller 43 with a large diameter, two next to it arranged rollers 44 with a smaller diameter and two each roller 45 arranged between the roller 43 and a roller 44 with a very small diameter and one arranged opposite Roll 46 with a diameter according to the roller 43 exist. The roller sets 42 can be arranged such that the nonwoven fabric is promoted substantially horizontally in the direction of arrow 32. Preferably adjacent sets of rolls 42 are vertical relative to each other slidably mounted so that the nonwoven fabric 3 between adjacent Roll sets 42 deflected and thus subjected to horizontal forces becomes. It can be seen in FIG. 6 that the adjacent roller sets 42 are arranged such that in the conveying direction according to arrow 32 from the nonwoven fabric 3 the first set of rolls 42 with the rolls 43, 44 and 45 acts on the large surface 21, whereas the following one Roller set 42 with its rollers 43, 44 and 45 on the large surface 22 of the nonwoven fabric 3 acts.

Due to the vertical adjustability of the roller sets 42 there is also Possibility to continuously adjust these with regard to their vertical arrangement move so that the fiber fleece 3 carried out constant with horizontal forces is applied and thus elasticized.

A supplementary elasticization device 47 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 for elasticization in the transverse direction of the nonwoven fabric 3, d. H. across the width of the nonwoven fabric 3 shown. In addition, there is the possibility of the nonwoven 3 after passing through a compression and decompression device 34 for example according to FIG. 2 to rotate through 90 ° and to feed another compression and decompression device. An elasticization device integrated in a device according to the invention 47 is shown in Figures 7 and 8, the figures 7 and 8 only show one half of the elasticizing device 47. A second half of the elastication device, not shown 47 acts in the same way on the opposite narrow side of the Fleece 3.

The elasticizing device 47 consists of several pressure elements 48, which each have a housing 49. Any pot-shaped case 49 is on its opening side with an expandable element 50, for example made of rubber or synthetic rubber. In each Housing 48 is a high pressure submersible pump 51 is arranged in the Housing 49 existing water 52 towards the expandable Element 50 promotes.

Guide rollers 53 are provided between adjacent pressure elements 48, which lead the nonwoven fabric 3 on its long sides. The leadership roles 53 are perpendicular to the long sides of the nonwoven fabric 3 movably mounted so that it is disengaged from the nonwoven fabric 3 can be when the pressure elements 48 pressure on the Nonwoven 3 is to be transferred. When using the elastication device 47, the nonwoven fabric 3 is gradually transported, so that a Extensive elasticization over the length of the nonwoven fabric 3 by means of Pressure elements 48 is reached. The elasticization device 47 is arranged symmetrically to the central plane of the nonwoven, the opposite arranged pressure elements 48 offset from those shown Pressure elements 48 are arranged to be as continuous as possible To enable elasticity of the nonwoven fabric 3 in its long sides.

Another elastication device 54 is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 shown. This elasticizing device 54 consists of a spherical one Body 55, which is semicircular in cross section Bracket 56 is rotatably mounted. The body 55 is replaced by a Drive 57 is driven in rotation and rolls on the large surface 21 of the nonwoven. The holder 56 is in turn rotatable on one Support arm 58 mounted, which is rotatable about an axis of rotation 59. Furthermore is the support arm 58 in the direction of the surface normal of the large Height 21 surface adjustable.

In Figure 10 is an embodiment of several elasticization devices 54 shown, which are arranged together on the axis of rotation 59 are, the individual support arms 58 at the same angle on the Axis of rotation 59 are attached. The one on the large surface of the nonwoven 3 rolling body 55 are displaceable along the support arm 58 supported, the movement of the bodies 55 along the support arms 58 can be controlled specifically via spindles, for example.

Claims (56)

Method for producing an insulating material web, in particular an insulating felt or insulating boards made of rock wool, which can be separated therefrom, in which a nonwoven fabric is fed to a winding station on a conveyor device, in which the nonwoven fabric is wound into a roll and then cut to length, the nonwoven fabric being compressed in the roll,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is fed to a compression and decompression device in front of the reeling station, in which the nonwoven fabric is compressed essentially in the direction of the surface normal at least of its large surface lying in the outside of the roll and then decompressed in order to elasticize the nonwoven fabric, the compression and decompression taking place in a controlled manner . Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is fed to a plurality of compression and decompression stages arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction, at least the degree of compression being increased in stages. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric in the compression and decompression device is decompressed to a degree which, compared to the initial state of the nonwoven fabric, represents a compression of the nonwoven fabric in front of the compression and decompression device. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the compression and decompression of the nonwoven fabric is carried out continuously during the passage of the nonwoven fabric through the compression and decompression device. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is compressed and decompressed over a large area. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is compressed at an angle of <45 °, preferably <25 ° to the central plane of the nonwoven fabric in the compression and decompression device. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is supplied with accelerated, ie increasing, compression after pre-compression. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is decompressed with increasing decompression. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the compression and decompression is set depending on the bulk density, the binder content, the homogeneity and / or the material thickness of the nonwoven fabric. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the compression is applied symmetrically to the central axis of the nonwoven fabric on both opposite large surfaces. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is deflected at least in the compression and decompression device in a direction running at an angle to the horizontal. A method according to claim 11,
characterized,
that the deflection takes place in both directions relative to the horizontal or to the central axis. A method according to claim 11,
characterized,
that the deflection of the nonwoven takes place in the compression zones. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is compressed at least once over a section after compression and decompression. The method of claim 14
characterized,
that the fiber fleece is pushed together several times, the amplitude, the frequency and / or the radii of curvature continuously changing, in particular being reduced. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that a section of the nonwoven fabric that first enters the reeling station is further elasticized by the method according to one of the preceding claims than the subsequent sections of the nonwoven fabric. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is elasticized in the region of its long sides by compression. A method according to claim 17,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is rotated by 90 ° about an axis running in the conveying direction. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is subjected to water vapor in particular before the elasticization. Method according to claim 19,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is stored for 3 to 7 days at a relative humidity of> 90%. Method according to claim 19,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is fed to an autoclave and subjected to an overpressure of, for example, 1 bar for a certain period of preferably 10 to 15 minutes. Method according to claim 19,
characterized,
that the nonwoven fabric is rolled up when wet. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the elasticization of the nonwoven fabric and the rolling up into the compression takes place at a temperature which is higher than that of the room air and under increased relative humidity of the air or under the action of water vapor. Method according to one of claims 1 to 23,
characterized,
that the compression of the nonwoven fabric takes place at least partially before a hardening furnace. A method according to claim 24,
characterized,
that the compression before the hardening furnace is additionally transferred to the nonwoven fabric. Method according to one of claims 1 to 25,
characterized,
that the compression and decompression belts are operated at different conveying speeds. Device for producing a roll of a non-woven fabric, in particular an insulating felt made of preferably mineral fibers, in particular rock wool, consisting of a conveyor, for example a conveyor belt and a reeling station arranged at the end of the conveyor, in which the non-woven fabric supplied with the conveyor as a band-shaped element of the reeling station is fed is wrapped in a wrap,
characterized,
that the roll-up station (1) is preceded by a compression and decompression device (34) in which the nonwoven fabric (3) is compressed in a controlled manner essentially in the direction of the surface normal of at least one of its large surfaces (21, 22) and then decompressed. Device according to claim 27,
characterized,
that the compression and decompression device (34) has at least one pressure element arranged opposite the conveying device (2), which is oriented in the conveying direction towards the conveying device (2), and that a pressure element is connected to the pressure element, which in the conveying direction of the conveyor (2) is aligned away. Device according to claim 27,
characterized,
that the compression and decompression device (34) consists of at least two conveyor belt sections (13, 23) running towards and opposite one another in the conveying direction, and of two adjoining conveyor belt sections (14, 24) forming a compression zone (31) and arranged at a uniform and in particular adjustable distance ) and two conveyor belt sections (15, 25) which diverge in the conveying direction and form a decompression zone (33). Device according to claim 29,
characterized,
that the compression and decompression device (34) has a plurality, preferably at least three compression zones (31) and decompression zones (33) arranged one behind the other. Apparatus according to claim 30,
characterized,
that the compression zones (31) arranged one behind the other have an increasing compression strength and the decompression zones (33) arranged one behind the other have a decreasing decompression intensity. Device according to claim 29,
characterized,
that the conveyor belt sections (13, 15; 23, 25) before and after the compression zone (31) are arranged at an angle <45 °, in particular <25 ° to the central axis of the nonwoven fabric (3). Device according to claim 29,
characterized,
that at least the conveyor belt sections (14, 24) of the compression zone (31) have an additional pressure roller (39) which can be moved back and forth in the conveying direction. Device according to claim 29,
characterized,
that the conveyor belt sections (13, 14, 15, 16, 17; 23, 24, 25, 26, 27) are arranged one behind the other at bending angles such that the nonwoven fabric (13) is preferably angled in the region of the compression zones (31). Apparatus according to claim 34,
characterized,
that the bend angles between the conveyor belt sections (13, 14, 15, 16, 17; 23, 24, 25, 26, 27) are increased over the length of the compression and decompression device (34) with increasing elasticization of the nonwoven fabric (13). Apparatus according to claim 34,
characterized,
that the bending angle between the conveyor belt sections (13, 14, 15, 16, 17; 23, 24, 25, 26, 27) are individually adjustable. Apparatus according to claim 36,
characterized,
that the turning angle can be changed during compression and decompression. Device according to claim 27,
characterized,
that the compression and decompression devices (34), in particular for non-woven fabrics (3) made of glass wool with low bulk density, have roller sets (42) which are arranged opposite one another and act on the large surfaces (21, 22) of the non-woven fabric 3). Device according to claim 38,
characterized,
that the roller sets (42) are movable relative to each other. Device according to claim 27,
characterized,
that the compression and decompression device (34) has an elasticizing device (47) which preferably elasticizes the nonwoven fabric (3) in the transverse direction. Device according to claim 40,
characterized,
that the elasticizing device (47) has a plurality of pressure elements (48) which act in a controlled manner on at least one narrow side arranged along the nonwoven fabric (3). Device according to claim 41,
characterized,
that the pressure elements (48) consist of a housing (49) and an expandable element (50), in particular made of rubber or synthetic rubber, which element (50) can be moved via a pressure medium, in particular pulsatingly between an active position and a rest position. Device according to claim 42,
characterized,
that the medium is water (52) which can be conveyed pulsating against the expandable element (50) by means of a pump (51) arranged in the housing (49). Device according to claim 41,
characterized,
that between adjacent pressure elements (48) guide rollers (53) are arranged. Device according to claim 41,
characterized,
that two sets of pressure elements (48) are arranged on opposite narrow sides of the nonwoven fabric (3). 45. The apparatus of claim 45,
characterized,
that the opposite pressure elements (48) are arranged offset from one another. Device according to claim 40,
characterized,
that the elasticizing device (54) has at least one spherical or ellipsoidal pressure body (55) which rolls on a large surface (21, 22) of the nonwoven fabric (3). The device of claim 47,
characterized,
that the pressure body (55) is driven in rotation. The device of claim 47,
characterized,
that the pressure body (55) is arranged on a support arm (58) which is pivotally and / or raised. Device according to claim 49,
characterized,
that the pressure body (55) is mounted displaceably along the support arm (58). The device of claim 47,
characterized,
that several support arms (58) are attached to an axis of rotation (59). The device of claim 47,
characterized,
that a plurality of pressure elements (55) are arranged on each support arm (58). Device according to claim 27,
characterized,
that the compression and decompression device (34) is preceded by a moistening device in which the nonwoven fabric (3) is moistened. Device according to claim 29,
characterized,
that the conveyor belt sections, at least in the area of the compression zone (31), have comb-shaped pins with which the fibers of the nonwoven fabric (3) are aligned at least in the area near the surface. Device according to claim 38,
characterized,
that the roller sets (42) have rollers with comb-like pins with which the fibers in the nonwoven fabric (3) are aligned at least in the area near the surface. Device according to one of claims 27 to 55,
characterized,
that at least the compression zones (31) before a hardening furnace
are arranged.

Images