Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
  • A61K8/66—Enzymes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
  • A61Q11/02—Preparations for deodorising, bleaching or disinfecting dentures

Definitions

• the present invention relates to oral compositions comprising plaque-inhibiting or plaque-removing enzymes and to a method for inhibiting plaque formation or removing plaque using such oral compositions.
• Dental plaque is a mixture of bacteria, epithelial cells, leukocytes, macrophages and other oral exudates that forms on the surface of unclean teeth.
• the bacteria produce highly branched polysaccharides which together with microorganisms from the oral cavity form an adhesive matrix for the continued proliferation of plaque.
• the formation of dental plaque will eventually lead to dental caries, gingival inflammation, periodontal disease, and eventually tooth loss.
• rock- hard white or yellowish deposits arise. These deposits are called calcified plaque, calculus or tartar, and are formed in the saliva from plaque and minerals, in particular calcium.
• Oral polysaccharides are produced from sucrose introduced into the mouth, e.g. as a food or beverage constituent, by the action of cariogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans or Streptococcus sanguis growing in the oral cavity.
• These oral polysaccharides comprise water-soluble dextran having primarily ⁇ -1 ,6 glucosidic linkages, and a major component of water-insoluble extracellular polysaccharides called "mutan" comprised of a backbone with ⁇ -1 ,3-glycosidic linkages and branches with ⁇ - 1 ,6-glycosidic linkages. Mutan binds to hydroxyapatite (constituting the hard outer porous layer of the teeth) and to acceptor proteins on the cell surface of said cariogenic bacteria adhering to the teeth surface.
• WO 97/06775 discloses oral compositions comprising an oxidoreductase, and optionally a dextranase and/or a mutanase, for bleaching of teeth, but no plaque- inhibiting or plaque-removing effects of such compositions are described or suggested.
• a dextranase and/or a mutanase and/or other enzymes to oral care compositions and products.
• JP patent publication 8012544 (Lion) describes a plaque preventing effect of dextranase, mutanase and triclosan and/or biosol.
• US patent No. 4,353,891 (Guggenheim et al.) concerns plaque removal using mutanase from Trichoderma harzianum CBS 243.71 to degrade mutan synthesized by cultivating Streptococcus mutans strain CBS 350.71 identifiable as OMZ 176. It is stated that the critical ingredient in dental plaque is a water-insoluble polysaccharide with ⁇ -1 ,3-glucosidic bonds and that such polysaccharide material termed mutan is not attacked by dextranase. Guggenheim et al. (1972), Caries Res. 6, p. 289-297, disclose that the extent of dental plaque of rats is not significantly affected by the simultaneous use of a dextranase and a 1 ,3-glucanase (mutanase).
• US patent No. 4,438,093 (The Research Foundation for Microbial diseases of Osaka) describes oral compositions comprising a dextranase and a ⁇ -1 ,3-glucanase (mutanase), both being present in an amount of 0.5 to 100 enzyme units per gram of said oral composition, in an enzyme unit ratio of 1 :2 to 2:1 .
• Said dextranase is derived from a bacteria within the genus Corynbacterium and said ⁇ -1 ,3-glucanase is derived from a bacteria within the genus Pseudomonas.
• GB 2,206,585 (Dental Chem Co. Ltd.) describes a tooth-cleaning agent containing hydroxyapatite as a polishing agent, with a laevanase, dextranase and mutanase immobilized on the hydroxyapatite.
• US patent No. 5,145,665 (Henkel) discloses a composition for the care of the mouth and teeth comprising a dextranase and/or a 1 ,3-glucanase for cleaving polysaccharides in the mouth.
• FR 2,651 ,433 (DANA) concerns dentifrice products containing a dextranase to act on recent plaque, a mutanase to act on old and insoluble plaque, and a mixture of other enzymes having bactericidal action
• US patent No. 5,320,830 (Proctor & Gamble) describes toothpaste compositions for the reduction of plaque and gingivitis comprising a) a surfactant, b) an enzyme, c) a chelating agent d) a fluoride source, e) a silica abrasive and f) a carrier.
• the enzyme is an endoglucanase, papain, a dextranase and/or a mutanase.
• oral care compositions comprising one or more starch-hydrolysing or starch-modifying enzymes are effective for inhibiting/preventing dental plaque formation and/or for removing plaque.
• the object of the present invention is thus to provide oral compositions that are effective for inhibiting/preventing plaque formation and for removing plaque, as well as a method for inhibiting plaque formation or for removing plaque.
• a first aspect of the invention thus relates to an oral care composition
• an oral care composition comprising a plaque-inhibiting and/or plaque-removing effective amount of at least one starch-hydrolysing enzyme and/or at least one starch-modifying enzyme.
• the invention in a second aspect, relates to a method for inhibiting plaque formation or removing plaque, comprising contacting the teeth and/or gums with an oral care composition comprising a plaque-inhibiting and/or plaque-removing effective amount of at least one starch-hydrolysing enzyme and/or at least one starch-modifying enzyme for a period of time to obtain a plaque-inhibiting or plaque-removing effect.
• the invention relates to the use of one or more starch- hydrolysing enzymes and/or one or more starch-modifying enzymes for the preparation of a composition for the inhibition/prevention of plaque formation and/or removal of plaque.
• starch-hydrolysing enzyme in the context of the present application refers to any enzyme, such as an ⁇ -amylase (E.C. 3.2.1 .1 ), which functions to hydrolyse linkages in starch.
• starch-modifying enzymes used in the context of the invention refers to the group of enzymes within E.C. 2.4.1 ., and includes in particular transglycosidases (E.C. 2.4.1 .18) and CGTases (E.C. 2.4.1 .1 9).
• dental plaque can be inhibited/prevented or removed by the use of at least one starch-hydrolysing enzyme and/or at least one starch-modifying enzyme. Said effect of such enzymes has not been foreseen before.
• the invention relates to an oral care composition
• the starch-modifying enzyme is a CGTase
• the starch-modifying enzyme when it is a CGTase, it may be derived from a strain of Bacillus autolyticus, a strain of Bacillus cereus, a strain of Bacillus circulans, a strain of Bacillus circulans var.
• alkalophilus a strain of Bacillus coagulans, a strain of Bacillus firmus, a strain of Bacillus halophilus, a strain of Bacillus macerans, a strain of Bacillus megatenum, a strain of Bacillus ohbensis, a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus, a strain of Bacillus subtilis, a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a strain of Thermoanaerobacter sp., a strain of Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, a strain of Thermoanaerobacter finnii , a strain of Clostridium thermoamylo/yticum, a strain of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum , or a strain of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes.
• starch-modifying enzyme When the starch-modifying enzyme is a transglucosidase, it may be derived from Aspergillus niger, e.g. the product sold by Amamo Pharmaceutical Co., Japan.
• the oral care composition comprises a starch-hydrolysing enzyme.
• This will typically be an ⁇ -amylase, such as a bacterial ⁇ -amylase, such as BANTM or MaltogenaseTM (both available from Novo Nordisk), or an ⁇ -amylase derived from Bacillus subtilis; an ⁇ -amylase derived from Bacillus amy/o/iquefaciens; an ⁇ -amylase derived from Bacillus stearothermophilus; an ⁇ -amylase derived from Aspergillus oryzae; or an ⁇ -amylase derived from a non-pathogenic microorganism.
• the ⁇ -amylase may also be a fungal ⁇ -amylase, such as FungamylTM, which is available from Novo Nordisk.
• the starch-hydrolysing enzyme may in another embodiment of the invention be a debranching enzyme, in particular a pullulanase (E.C. 3.2.1 .41 ), such as PromozymeTM.
• the oral care composition comprises at least one starch-modifying enzyme as defined above, in particular a CGTase, and a mutanase and/or a dextranase.
• the oral care composition of the invention comprises at least one starch-hydrolysing enzyme as defined above, in particular a bacterial ⁇ -amylase, and a mutanase and/or a dextranase.
• the mutanase may be derived from a strain of Trichoderma sp., in particular T. harzianum, especially T. harzianum CBS 243.71 (available from Novo Nordisk).
• the dextranase may be derived from a strain of Paecilomyces sp., in particular Paecilomyces lilacinus (available from Novo Nordisk).
• the invention in a second aspect relates to an oral care product comprising an oral care composition of the invention.
• oral care product of the invention is defined as a product which can be used for maintaining and/or improving oral hygiene in the mouth of humans and animals, and/or preventing or treating dental diseases.
• oral care products examples include toothpastes, dental creams, gels or tooth powders, odontics, mouthwashes, denture cleaning agents, pre- or post- brushing rinse formulations, chewing gum and lozenges.
• An oral care product may also be in the form of a dental floss or toothpick. Toothpastes and tooth gels typically include abrasive polishing materials, foaming agents, flavouring agents, humectants, binders, thickeners, sweeteners and water. As used herein, the term "toothpaste" is intended to refer to formulations in the form of both pastes and gels.
• Mouthwashes typically comprise a water/alcohol solution, flavouring agents, humectants, sweeteners, foaming agents and colorants.
• a chewing gum according to the invention may be prepared in a manner known per se by incorporating one or more enzymes into a conventional chewing gum base, e.g. based on chicle and/or one or more additional synthetic or natural polymers, and containing e.g. natural and/or artificial sweeteners, flavourings, etc. as desired.
• a conventional chewing gum base e.g. based on chicle and/or one or more additional synthetic or natural polymers, and containing e.g. natural and/or artificial sweeteners, flavourings, etc. as desired.
• the temperature of the gum base should not be too high, e.g. preferably not more than about 60°C, more preferably not more than about 50°C.
• Abrasive polishing materials for use in oral care products according to the invention include alumina and hydrates thereof, such as alpha alumina trihydrate, magnesium trisilicate, magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda"), kaolin, aluminosilicates, such as calcined aluminum silicate and aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate, zirconium silicate, and also powdered plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, phenol-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins, powdered polyethylene, silica xerogels, hydrogels and aerogels and the like.
• alumina and hydrates thereof such as alpha alumina trihydrate, magnesium trisilicate, magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate (“baking soda"), kaolin, aluminosilicates, such as calc
• abrasive agents are calcium pyrophosphate, water-insoluble alkali metaphosphates, dicalcium phosphate and/or its dihydrate, dicalcium orthophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, particulate hydroxyapatite and the like. It is also possible to employ mixtures of these substances.
• the abrasive product may be present in an amount of from 0 to 70% by weight, preferably from 1 % to 70%.
• the abrasive material content typically lies in the range from 10% to 70% by weight of the final toothpaste product.
• Humectants are employed to prevent loss of water from e.g. toothpastes.
• Suitable humectants for use in oral care products according to the invention include the following compounds and mixtures thereof: glycerol, polyol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycols (PEG), propylene glycol, 1 ,3-propanediol, 1 ,4-butane-diol, hydrogenated partially hydrolysed polysaccharides and the like.
• Humectants are in general present in an amount of from 0% to 80%, preferably 5 to 70% by weight in a toothpaste.
• thickeners and binders which help stabilize the dentifrice product are silica, starch, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, extracts of Irish moss, alginates, pectin, cellulose derivatives, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxy-propyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid and its salts and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone.
• Thickeners may be present in toothpastes, creams and gels in an amount of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, and binders in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the final product.
• anionic, cationic, non-ionic, amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactants can be used. These may be present at levels of from 0 to 15%, preferably from 0.1 to 13%, more preferably from 0.25 to 10% by weight of the final product.
• Surfactants are only suitable in the context of the present invention to the extent that they do not exert any adverse effect on the activity of the enzymes.
• surfactants include fatty alcohol sulphates, salts of sulphonated monoglycerides or fatty acids having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, fatty acid-albumin condensation products, salts of fatty acids amides and taurines and/or salts of fatty acid esters of isethionic acid.
• Suitable sweeteners include saccharin and/or other sweeteners suitable for use in oral care products.
• Flavouring agents such as spearmint and peppermint
• Water is usually added in an amount giving e.g. a toothpaste a flowable form, i.e. an amount of from 40% to 70% by weight of the final product.
• a toothpaste produced from an oral composition of the invention may e.g. comprise the following ingredients (in weight % of the final toothpaste composition): Abrasive material 10 to 70%
• Starch-degrading enzyme(s) and/or starch-modifying enzyme(s) 0.0001 % to 20%
• a mouthwash produced from an oral care composition of the invention may e.g. comprise the following ingredients (in weight % of the final mouthwash composition): 0-20% Humectant
• the mouthwash composition may be buffered with an appropriate buffer, e.g. sodium citrate or phosphate in the pH-range 6-7.5.
• an appropriate buffer e.g. sodium citrate or phosphate in the pH-range 6-7.5.
• the mouthwash may be in non-diluted form (i.e. to be diluted before use) or in diluted (ready-to-use) form.
• the oral care compositions and products of the present invention can be made using methods which are common in the oral product field.
• the invention further relates to the use of one or more starch-hydrolysing enzymes and/or one or more starch-modifying enzymes as described above for the preparation of a composition for the inhibition/prevention of plaque formation and/or removal of plaque.
• An oral care product in solid to flowable form such as a toothpaste will typically be contacted with the teeth and/or gums using a toothbrush or the like.
• a toothbrush or the like In the case of a liquid oral care product such as a mouthwash, the contact will typically take place by rinsing the mouth.
• the time period during which an oral care product according to the invention is contacted with the teeth and/or gums to obtain the desired plaque inhibiting or plaque removing effect can vary according to such factors as the nature of the composition or product and the need of the subject. However, contacting the oral care product with the teeth and/or gums for between about 30 seconds to 15 minutes will normally be sufficient for obtaining the desired result, e.g. contact by brushing the teeth or rinsing the mouth for a period of about 1 -3 minutes at a time. This is preferably performed on a regular basis, e.g. 1 -3 times a day.
• the oral care product is typically removed from the mouth, e.g. by spitting it out, and the mouth may subsequently be rinsed with a liquid such as tap water.
• a liquid such as tap water.
• the surprising plaque-inhibiting effect found according to the present invention may be due to the fact that the starch-hydrolysing and/or starch-modifying enzymes react with sucrose to produce a coupling sugar before enzymes produced by the microorganisms gain access to the sucrose. Regardless of the mechanism of action, the plaque- inhibiting effect observed by use of the enzymes in question is surprising and is not believed to have been described or suggested previously.
• FungamylTM (a fungal ⁇ -amylase) available from Novo Nordisk A/S.
• BANTM (a bacterial ⁇ -amylase) available from Novo Nordisk A/S.
• PromozymeTM (a bacterial pullulanase) available from Novo Nordisk A/S
• Hydroxyapatite (HA) disks are prepared by compressing 250 mg of hydroxyapatite in a disk die at about 5,900 kg (13,000 lbs) of pressure for 5 minutes. The disks are then sintered at 600°C for 4 hours and finally hydrated with sterile deionized water.
• HA disks are sterilised at 180°C for two hours.
• Mutan is prepared by growing Streptococcus sobrinus CBS 350.71 at pH 6.5, 37°C (kept constant), and with an aeration rate of 75 rpm in a medium comprised of the following components:
• Pluronic PE6100 0.1 % After 35 hours, sucrose is added to a final concentration of 60 g/l to induce glucosyltransferase. The total fermentation time is 75 hours. The supernatant from the fermentation is centrifuged and filtered (sterile). Sucrose is then added to the supernatant to a final concentration of 5% (pH is adjusted to pH 7.0 with acetic acid) and the solution is stirred overnight at 37°C. The solution is filtered and the insoluble mutan is harvested on Propex and washed extensively with deionized water containing 1 % sodium benzoate, pH 5 (adjusted with acetic acid). Finally, the insoluble mutan is lyophilized and ground.
• KDU dextranase activity
• 1 KDU One Kilo Novo Dextranase Unit (1 KDU) is the amount of enzyme which breaks down dextran forming reducing sugar equivalent to 1 g maltose per hour in the Novo Nordisk method for determination of dextranase based on the following standard conditions: Substrate Dextran 500 (Pharmacia)
• MU Mutanase Unit
• the standard activity is determined relative to an analytical standard under the following conditions:
• FAU Fungal ⁇ -amylase Unit
• 1 FAU is the amount of enzyme which breaks down 5.26 g starch (Merck, Amylum solubile Erg. B.6, Batch 9947275) per hour at Novo Nordisk's standard method for determination of ⁇ -amylase based upon the following standard conditions: Substrate: soluble starch
• Maltogenic Amylase Novo Unit is defined as the amount of enzyme which under standard conditions hydrolyzes 1 ⁇ mole of maltotriose per minute. Copies of the analytical method are available on request.
• AGU Novo Amyloglucosidase Unit
• Transglucosidase activity is determined using the method described above for determining AMGTM activity, and is expressed using the same units (AGU).
• Phadebas amylase test The CGTase KNU enzymatic activity was measured by a slightly modified procedure of the Phadebas amylase test (Pharmacia).
• Phadebas tablets PhadebasTM Amylase Test, Pharmacia
• This substrate is a cross-linked insoluble blue-colored starch polymer, which is mixed with bovine serum albumin and a buffer substance. After suspension in water, starch is hydrolyzed by the enzyme, thereby yielding blue fragments. The determination is carried out after incubation at 60°C, pH 6.2, in 0.1 5 nM calcium for 15 minutes. The absorbance of the resulting blue solution, determined at 620 nm, corresponds to the enzymatic activity.
• the enzyme activity is compared to that of an enzyme standard, and the activity is expressed in the same unit as that of the enzyme standard.
• the enzyme standard was TermamylTM (Novo Nordisk A/D, Denmark), the amylolytic activity of which has been be determined using potato starch as a substrate. This method is based on the break-down of modified potato starch by the enzyme, and the reaction is followed by mixing samples of the starch/enzyme solution with an iodine solution. Initially, a blackish-blue color is formed, but during the break-down of the starch the blue color gets weaker and gradually turns into a reddish-brown, which is compared to a colored glass standard.
• KNU Kilo Novo ⁇ -Amylase Unit
• CGTase activity was determined by incubating diluted enzyme with substrate in 10 mM sodium citrate, pH 6.0 for 4-10 minutes at 60°C.
• PUN Pullulanse Unit Novo
• Reaction time 30 minutes A detailed description of the analysis method (AF190) is available on request.
• the method used for assessing the plaque removal effect is based on the method described by Kao in JP 2250816.
• hydroxyapatite disks sterilised as described above, become coated with a biofilm by being placed overnight in the presence of three strains of oral microorganisms ⁇ Streptococcus sobrinus, Actinomyces viscosus and Fusobacterium nucleatum) and various enzymes in a Brain Heart Infusion Medium (Difco) containing 0.2% sucrose.
• 0.1 % Erythrosin B in PBS phosphate buffered saline
• PBS phosphate buffered saline
• the intensity of the red colour (referred to as a*) is measured on a Chromameter CR-200.
• the maximum a * value is 60. Values below that indicate a less intensive red colour (i.e. 5 less plaque present). An a* value of zero indicates no red colouring ⁇ i.e. no plaque).
• a plaque inhibition effect is expressed as a relative figure based on the value of a * for a non-treated biofilm being 100%.
• plaque-prevention results of a number of different enzymes are shown below in Table 1 .
• Fusobacterium nucleatum were cultivated anaerobically overnight at
• the disks were briefly rinsed with a phosphate- buffered saline and then incubated in a 1 ml 0.1 % Erythrosin B solution in PBS for 1 minute to stain plaque present on the hydroxyapatite disks red.
• the Erythrosin B solution was removed and the disks were rinsed with PBS for a few minutes.
• the disks were air-dried overnight. Biofilm remaining on the disks was determined by measuring the intensity of the red colour (a *) using a Chromameter CR-200, the obtained values being compared to values for non-treated disks. The results are shown in the attached Figures 1 , 2 and 3.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8102004

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (9)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 1998
  • 1998-10-16 CN CN98810170A patent/CN1275906A/zh active Pending
  • 1998-10-16 WO PCT/DK1998/000452 patent/WO1999020239A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-10-16 CA CA002305804A patent/CA2305804A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-10-16 JP JP2000516642A patent/JP2001520179A/ja active Pending
  • 1998-10-16 EP EP98949952A patent/EP1023037A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-10-16 AU AU96213/98A patent/AU734737B2/en not_active Ceased

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events