EP1017241A2 - Methode de compensation de couleur d'image lors de l'ajustement du contraste d'une image couleur numérique - Google Patents

Methode de compensation de couleur d'image lors de l'ajustement du contraste d'une image couleur numérique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1017241A2
EP1017241A2 EP99204060A EP99204060A EP1017241A2 EP 1017241 A2 EP1017241 A2 EP 1017241A2 EP 99204060 A EP99204060 A EP 99204060A EP 99204060 A EP99204060 A EP 99204060A EP 1017241 A2 EP1017241 A2 EP 1017241A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tone scale
color
scale function
output
determining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99204060A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1017241B1 (fr
EP1017241A3 (fr
Inventor
Andrew Charles Gallagher
Edward Brooks Gindele
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication of EP1017241A3 publication Critical patent/EP1017241A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/57—Control of contrast or brightness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
    • H04N9/643—Hue control means, e.g. flesh tone control

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the field of digital color image processing and, more particularly, for compensating the image color differences for the applied luminance tone scale.
  • the first method involves applying the tone scale function to each of the color signals of the original image. This may be implemented by applying a tone scale function Look-Up-Table to each of the red, green, and blue channels of an image independently.
  • tone scale application by this method has a color characteristic in addition to the modification of the overall image contrast.
  • the image processed by a tone scale function in the manner described will effect each pixel's hue and saturation.
  • a second method of tone scale application involves rotating a color image into a space consisting of a luminance signal and several chrominance channels.
  • the tone scale function is then applied only to the luminance channel.
  • the processed image is obtained by applying an inverse matrix to produce transformed red, green, and blue pixel values. This method preserves the original chrominance signal at each pixel. However, because the luminance contrast was modified and the chrominance contrast was preserved, the color saturation of the resulting image may appear artificial and unnatural.
  • Viggiano and Wang proposed (1992 TAGA Proceedings: A Comparison of Algorithms for Mapping Color Between Media of Differing Luminance Ranges , pp. 959-974) a method of scaling the chroma signal of a digital color image by a factor midway between unity and the ratio of the L* range of the reproduction and the original.
  • this solution does not anticipate tone scale functions that vary the level of compression dependent upon the intensity of the input.
  • a single factor that scales the chroma signal of the input image is inappropriate for a wide range of possible tone scale functions.
  • Wada describes a method to correct color saturation when compressing the dynamic range of an image.
  • this method once again determines the correction factor based upon the relationship of the input image dynamic range and the output image dynamic range.
  • Hickman describes a method of modifying the luminance signal of an input image, then "multiplying the color components by a transfer ratio of modified luminance to unmodified luminance to obtain modified color components.”
  • this method again does not consider that a tone scale function may consist of several ranges of varying level of contrast compression or enhancement.
  • the object of the present invention is directed to providing a superior method of compensating the color saturation characteristics of a digital color image for the application of a tone scale function.
  • the invention resides in the steps of:(a) receiving a tone scale function; (b) calculating a local slope of the tone scale function for each pixel of the digital color image; (c) calculating a color saturation signal from the digital color image, and (d) adjusting the color saturation signal of the digital color image for each of the pixels based on the calculated local slope.
  • Fig. 1 there is illustrated an overview of the present invention. It is instructive to note that the present invention utilizes a digital color image that is typically a two-dimensional array of red, green, and blue pixel values. The description of the present invention is applicable to an image of any resolution.
  • the purpose of the present invention is the modification of the color saturation characteristics of a color image in accordance with the luminance contrast modification.
  • the color saturation characteristics of a color image may be represented by a color saturation signal.
  • color saturation signals may be calculated in a number of ways. For example, as one calculation of a color saturation signal, color difference signals may be calculated simply by implementing matrix multiplication on pixel values of the original image. Color difference signals refer to the difference of a color channel to a reference channel. A three channel color image consisting of a red, green, and blur channels may be convened to a three channel image consisting of a luminance channel and two color difference channels by matrix multiplication.
  • a single color saturation signal could be created by converting the two color difference signals to polar form by calculating an angle and a radius.
  • the calculation of polar coordinates from rectangular coordinates is well known in the art and will not be further described.
  • the radius of the polar representation of the color difference signals represents the color saturation signal.
  • the method of the present invention could be performed with equal success on such a color saturation measure.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention modifies the color difference signals as a means of modifying the color saturation characteristics.
  • the input image is passed into the color difference adjuster 10.
  • the color difference adjuster adjusts the relative color difference of each pixel in the input image in accordance to a provided tone scale function, as will be further described. It is necessary to note that the provided tone scale function may be implemented as a LUT, or may be the implied tonal response of a device that resides in the imaging chain.
  • the output of the color difference adjuster is a transformed color image with color difference signals modified to compensate for the tone scale function.
  • Fig. 2 therein is illustrated an exploded view of the color difference adjuster 10.
  • the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 2 assumes that the input image has not yet been modified by the given tone scale.
  • An alternative embodiment will describe a method of application of the present invention on an image that has already had the tone scale applied to the luminance channel of the image at the time the image is passed to the color difference adjuster 10.
  • the color difference signals as well as a luminance signal of the original color image are computed by the color difference transformer 20.
  • the computation of the color difference signals by the color difference transformer may be performed by a matrix operation. For example, in the preferred embodiment, a luminance signal and two color difference signals may be determined for each pixel of the input image by the following matrix transform: Where:
  • a luminance signal and three color difference signals may be determined for each signal, also with a matrix transform:
  • each color difference signal is a linear combination of the red, green, and blue intensities of a pixel of the original image.
  • the coefficients are such that the sum of the weights of the red, green, and blue coefficients must sum to 0.
  • the given tone scale function is input to the slope calculator 30.
  • the original red, green, and blue pixel values are also input to the slope calculator 30.
  • the purpose of the slope calculator 30 is to compute the local slope of the given tone scale function, evaluated for the current pixel being processed.
  • the output of the slope calculator 30 is passed to the adjustment factor calculator 40.
  • the purpose of the adjustment factor calculator 40 is to determine a scaling factor for the color difference signals, based upon the local slope of the tone scale function as determined by the slope calculator 20.
  • H i K ⁇ i ( f '- f ' 0 ) + f ' 0
  • K color position weight
  • the value of the color position weight K ranges from 0.0 to 1.0.
  • the color position weight K enables the method of the present invention to allow the calculation of the adjustment factor H i to vary based upon the color characteristics of the pixel.
  • K is a function of the luminance L and color difference C i values.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the use of a two-dimensional LUT 90 as a method of determining the value of K for each pixel. As shown in Fig. 5, the value of the color position weight K is shown to be dependent upon the color differences C i .
  • This formulation of the color position weight K allows the method of the present invention to adjust the color difference values of pixels that are colored similarly to human flesh (K ⁇ 1.0), but preserve the original color difference values for pixels that are colored differently than human flesh (K ⁇ 0.0).
  • This embodiment has been found to be advantageous to avoid desaturation of saturated objects such as sky, while allowing for the required modifications to the color difference values of flesh color pixels.
  • a color position weight K may take many forms (such as introducing a luminance L value dependence into the determination of the color position weight K) without significantly deviating from the scope of the present invention.
  • the output of the adjustment factor calculator 40 is passed to the multiplier 50.
  • the purpose of the multiplier 50 is to scale each of the color difference signals by the output of the adjustment factor calculator 40.
  • the luminance signal L calculated by the color difference transformer may be passed to the tone scale applicator 60.
  • the given tone scale function may be applied to the image as a processing step following the application of the present invention.
  • the tone scale applicator 60 modifies the luminance signal with the application of the given tone scale function.
  • a Look-Up-Table may be implemented in order to apply the tone scale function.
  • the method of U.S. patent 5,012,333 may be implemented. In either of these cases, the signal output of the tone scale applicator is a function of the input luminance signal.
  • L p f(L)
  • the compensated color difference signals and the luminance signal are passed to the RGB reconstructor 70.
  • the RGB reconstructor 70 converts the image from a luminance signal and a plurality of color difference signals to an image containing at each pixel location red, green, and blue intensity values. This conversion is accomplished by the use of a matrix. If a three by three matrix was used by the color difference transformer 20, then the conversion performed by the RGB reconstructor is to simply multiply a vector of the luminance signal and two color difference signals by the inverse of the matrix used by the color difference transformer 20. In the preferred embodiment, Where:
  • the RGB reconstructor 70 performs the following operation in order to produce R p , G p , and B p .
  • the product of the matrix used by the RGB reconstructor 70 and the matrix used by the color difference transformer 20 is an identity matrix.
  • the R p , G p , and B p signals are output from the RGB reconstructor 70.
  • these three processed color planes form a processed image in which the color difference signals have been modified in accordance with the luminance modification by a given tone scale function.
  • the image input to the color difference adjuster 10 may already have been modified by the given tone scale function.
  • the given tone scale function may have been applied to either each of the color channels of the input image or to only the luminance channel of the given image.
  • the image input to the color difference adjuster 10 is first passed to the color difference transformer 20 in order to generate a luminance signal and several color difference signals.
  • the color difference signals output from the color difference transformer 20 are passed to the multiplier, which scales each of the color difference channels by a factor output by the adjustment factor calculator 40, as previously described in the preferred embodiment.
  • the modified color difference channels output from the multiplier 50 are, along with the luminance channel output from the color difference transformer 20, passed to the RGB reconstructor 70.
  • the output of the RGB reconstructor 70 is a processed image with the color differences appropriately adjusted for the given tone scale function.
  • the tone scale function that has already been applied to each of the color channels of the input image is passed to the inverse function generator 80.
  • the inverse function generator constructs the inverse of the tone scale function. Finding the inverse of a function is a well known technique in mathematics and will not be further discussed.
  • the inverse tone scale function generated by the inverse function generator 80 is then passed to the slope calculator 30, the operation of which has previously been described.
  • the output of the slope calculator is passed to the adjustment factor calculator 40, the operation of which has also been described.
  • Fig. 4 may be implemented to modify the color difference signals of the input image in an appropriate manner.
  • Fig.4 The alternative embodiment illustrated by Fig.4 is identical to the preferred embodiment with the exception that there is no option to apply the given tone scale function to the luminance signal of the input image by the tone scale applicator 60 shown in Fig. 2.
  • an additional tone scale applicator 60 would be redundant and was thus omitted from the alternative embodiment as illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • aspects of the invention include the method further comprising the step of providing a color position weight based upon the pixel value of the original digital color image; and the method wherein the step of adjusting the color saturation signal of the digital color image is dependent upon both the calculated local slope and the color position weight.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
EP99204060A 1998-12-31 1999-12-01 Methode de compensation de couleur d'image lors de l'ajustement du contraste d'une image couleur numérique Expired - Lifetime EP1017241B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/224,028 US6438264B1 (en) 1998-12-31 1998-12-31 Method for compensating image color when adjusting the contrast of a digital color image
US224028 1998-12-31

Publications (3)

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EP1017241A2 true EP1017241A2 (fr) 2000-07-05
EP1017241A3 EP1017241A3 (fr) 2004-01-21
EP1017241B1 EP1017241B1 (fr) 2008-05-14

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EP (1) EP1017241B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4766728B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE69938708D1 (fr)

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US6438264B1 (en) 2002-08-20
JP2000207546A (ja) 2000-07-28

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