EP1016499B1 - Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Werkstücken und eine numerisch gesteuerte Drehmaschine - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Werkstücken und eine numerisch gesteuerte Drehmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1016499B1
EP1016499B1 EP99125879A EP99125879A EP1016499B1 EP 1016499 B1 EP1016499 B1 EP 1016499B1 EP 99125879 A EP99125879 A EP 99125879A EP 99125879 A EP99125879 A EP 99125879A EP 1016499 B1 EP1016499 B1 EP 1016499B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spindle
axis
lathe
tubular blank
spindles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99125879A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1016499A2 (de
EP1016499A3 (de
Inventor
Erling Zackrisson
Franco Caldana
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SKF AB
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SKF AB
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Publication of EP1016499A3 publication Critical patent/EP1016499A3/de
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Publication of EP1016499B1 publication Critical patent/EP1016499B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
    • B23Q7/04—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of grippers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/04—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps
    • B23Q39/042—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps with circular arrangement of the sub-assemblies
    • B23Q39/044—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps with circular arrangement of the sub-assemblies having at least one tool station cooperating with each work holder, e.g. multi-spindle lathes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/04—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps
    • B23Q39/042—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps with circular arrangement of the sub-assemblies
    • B23Q39/046—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps with circular arrangement of the sub-assemblies including a loading and/or unloading station
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
    • B23Q7/04—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of grippers
    • B23Q7/047—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of grippers the gripper supporting the workpiece during machining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2322/00—Apparatus used in shaping articles
    • F16C2322/39—General build up of machine tools, e.g. spindles, slides, actuators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/10—Process of turning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/25—Lathe
    • Y10T82/2514—Lathe with work feeder or remover
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/25—Lathe
    • Y10T82/2514—Lathe with work feeder or remover
    • Y10T82/2521—Bar feeder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/25—Lathe
    • Y10T82/2524—Multiple

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a workpiece machining process and a numerically controlled lathe, particularly for performing said process.
  • blanks are fed one by one to a lathe to be turned to a desired shape.
  • the blanks are either forged or, in some instances, pieces cut in small lengths from a tube.
  • EP-A-0 453 710 discloses a numerically controlled lathe including:
  • US-A-5 020 402 discloses a multi-spindle automatic lathe with a single drum and cutting means for cutting off and end portion of a bar stock. Annular elements can be machined and cut off a bar stock fed coaxially through a collet provided by some of the spindles of the lathe. The half finished end portion is cut off the bar stock by a cutting tool and then machined on its other side.
  • the invention provides, according to a first aspect, a numerically controlled lathe as defined in claim 1.
  • reference numeral 10 designates the protective housing of an automatic lathe.
  • a twin-spindle drum 12 is rotatable about a horizontal axis A 12 and equipped, in this example, with two diametrically opposite revolving spindles 14, 16 having a first operational spindle location I (to the left in FIG.1) and a second operational spindle location II (to the right).
  • the horizontal axes A I and A II of the spindles lie in a horizontal plane y encompassing the drum axis A 12 .
  • a mandrel 18 is mounted to the spindle 14, whilst a chuck 20 is mounted to the spindle 16.
  • a dual toolholder turret 22 bearing a plurality of turning tools 24 is mounted for rotating about and sliding along a horizontal axis A 22 perpendicular to axis A 12 and lying in the plane y.
  • the turret 22 is located proximate to the spindle location II, such that one or more of the turning tools 24 can be positioned in working relation to a workpiece held by the mandrel 18 or the chuck 20 when either of these is in spindle location II, as will be explained herein after.
  • the second spindle location II is exclusively a machining location, the first spindle location I being a handling and cutting location.
  • the lathe has a tube feeding station comprised of a sloping stock table 26 serving to receive and load several elongate tubes 28 parallel to the longitudinal axis A 12 of the drum 12.
  • a tube feeding station comprised of a sloping stock table 26 serving to receive and load several elongate tubes 28 parallel to the longitudinal axis A 12 of the drum 12.
  • the pusher device 30 preferably in form of an hydraulic actuator, has a longitudinally extendible stem 32 that is actuated for pushing the leading tube through a fixed tubular feed guide 34 at a location that is herein termed loading/unloading position.
  • an automatic workpiece handling device 36 slidably driven along a transversal axis A 36 .
  • the handling device 36 comprises a motor 38 and an L-shaped supporting bracket 40 tiltable about the axis A 36 .
  • the bracket 40 supports a motor unit 42 designed for rotating a pair of gripping jaws 44 about a motor axis A 42 perpendicular to the axis A 36 .
  • the opening and closing movement of the jaws 44 in a direction transversal to that of axis A 42 is controlled either by a separate actuator (not shown) or by the same motor unit 42.
  • the handling device 36 can perform several operations, such as laying finished products 29 down on an outfeed conveyor 48, manipulate the workpieces in an intermediate transfer step during their processing, and function as a feeding device that picks up single pre-formed or forged blanks 31 from an optional blank infeed conveyor designated in phantom at 50 in FIG.3.
  • the automatic lathe comprises an automatic transfer apparatus, indicated overall at 52, for holding and transferring a workpiece between the chuck or mandrel temporarily located in spindle location I and the lateral position of tube feed guide 34 or the handling device 36, depending on the step being carried out.
  • the automatic transfer apparatus 52 comprises a longitudinal shaft 54 slidably movable in numerically controlled manner along its axis A 54 , parallel to the axis A 12 of the drum 12. Mounted to the free end portion of shaft 54 is a transverse bar 56 pivotally mounted and driven for rotation about the shaft axis A 54 .
  • First and second workpiece clamping heads 58, 60 are respectively fitted at each of the opposite ends of the bar 56.
  • the heads 58, 60 are equally spaced from the shaft axis A 54 such that when the bar 56 is horizontal, the heads 58, 60 are respectively aligned with the axis A I of spindle location I and the opposite axis A 28 at the loading/unloading position.
  • Both clamping heads 58, 60 are provided with clamping devices 62, 64, respectively, for releasably gripping a workpiece during operation.
  • the clamping device 64 of the head 60 is associated with an actuator 68 for longitudinally extending and withdrawing the clamping device 64 with respect to the head 60.
  • a tube cutting device 70 is mounted on an inclined slide 72 near the spindle location I.
  • the tube cutting device 70 bears a plurality of tube cutting tools 74, and is shiftable along the slide 72 between a lower, active position, in which at least one of the cutting tools 74 can engage a tube 28 held in the chuck 20 in spindle location I for cutting off an end portion of the tube (see FIG.6), and a higher, passive position, in which the cutting tools do not interfere with the workpieces.
  • a control panel 78 Fitted on a swinging arm 76 is a control panel 78 through which all the operations performed by the lathe can be programmed and controlled numerically.
  • One or more stocks of tubes 28 of given length(s) are loaded on the sloping table 26.
  • the length of each stock of tubes is decided a priori as a function of the axial length of the ring elements that are to be obtained as finished or partly-finished products after being machined by the lathe.
  • ring element is to be interpreted widely.
  • a numerically controlled lathe is an extremely versatile machine capable of carrying out a wide variety of operations and machining a workpiece to almost any shape being a solid of revolution. Therefore, it will be understood that the invention is equally applicable to other types of workpieces. For example, full bars of a given length could be processed instead of tubes with an aim to produce elements other than rings.
  • the length of the tubes is chosen as a multiple of the length of the machined product, taking into account the parting off length for each ring being cut from the tube. In this manner, no waste will be left from the tubes.
  • the leading tube 28 comes into engagement with the pusher device 30.
  • the transfer apparatus 52 is brought into a position such that the transversal bar 56 is oriented horizontal to bring the clamping device 62 in axial alignment with the tube feed guide 34, and the shaft 54 is somewhat retracted from the position illustrated in full line in FIG.2 in order to bring the clamping device 62 closer to the feed guide 34, as depicted in dotted line at 62a.
  • the pusher device is actuated extending the stem 32 to push a tube 28 out of the feed guide 34, and have the tube grasped by the clamping device 62.
  • the tube feeding station is equipped with a sensor device (not shown) for detecting the length of the incoming tubes.
  • the sensor device provides a signal for controlling the operation of the pusher 30 such that the stem 32 is extended by a suitable length ensuring that the tube is grasped correctly by the clamping device 62.
  • the shaft 54 is extended back to the position drawn in full line in FIG.2. From here, the bar 56 of the transfer apparatus is pivoted 180 degrees about axis A 54 , reaching the arrangement of FIG.3, where the tube 28 is axially aligned with the chuck 20 at spindle location I. From this position, the shaft 54 is repeatedly retracted and advanced, opening and closing the jaws of the clamping device 62 each time so as to slip the tube 28 stepwise into the chuck 20 until the tube is almost fully inserted in an elongate seat 17 of the spindle 16. Whether full or only partial insertion is to be achieved depends on specific processing requirements. The depth of the insertion can be established automatically by programming the lathe accordingly.
  • the drum 12 is rotated 180 degrees about drum axis A 12 , bringing the chuck 20 in operational spindle location II.
  • the outer end of the tube 28 and the axially outer length of the inner cylindrical surface of the tube can be reached by one or more of the turning tools 24 and turned to the desired shape (FIG.4).
  • the drum 12 Upon completion of this first turning operation, the drum 12 is rotated 180 degrees again to bring the chuck 20 with the tube 28 back to spindle location I.
  • the shaft 54 is first retracted so as to allow the jaws of the clamping device 62 to grasp the already machined outer end of the tube 28 and then, after releasing the jaws of the chuck 20, the shaft is advanced longitudinally by a pre-set distance dependent on the length of the ring element to be obtained through the machining process.
  • a pre-set distance corresponds to the length of the ring element plus the parting off length corresponding to the longitudinal thickness of the tube cutting tool 74.
  • the tube cutting device 70 is lowered along the inclined slide 72 to cut the machined, outermost portion off the remainder of the tube 28 by means of a tube cutting tool 74.
  • Such cutting step is performed with the jaws of the clamping device 62 still gripping the end of the tube, so that when the end portion of the tube is cut out into a ring element 29, the latter is retained by said clamping device.
  • the shaft 54 is advanced to remove the ring from the chuck.
  • the bar 56 is pivoted 180 degrees about the axis A 54 to bring the ring 29 in axial alignment with the jaws 44 of the handling device 36, which in the meantime has been shifted transversally (to the right in FIG.5) so as to align the jaws 44 with the feed guide 34 at the loading/unloading position.
  • the shaft 54 is retracted again, bringing the ring 29 near the jaws 44.
  • the jaws 44 can then take the ring as shown in FIG.1, pivot 180 degrees about the axis A 42 - now vertical - so as to reverse the ring in a horizontal plane.
  • the bar 56 is pivoted 180 degrees to bring the head 60 in alignment with the jaws 44, such that the gripping device 64 of head 60 can take the ring 29 from the jaws 44. From here, the bar 56 pivots other 180 degrees about axis A 54 , reaching the arrangement shown in FIG.5. The ring 29 is axially aligned with spindle location I, where the mandrel 18 is now present as the drum 12 has in the meantime been rotated 180 degrees. Then, the shaft 54 is retracted to the extent that the head 60 can reach the position indicated 60a and fit the ring 29 onto the mandrel 18.
  • the drum 12 In order to perform the operation (not illustrated) of turning the outer cylindrical surface of the ring 29 and its end face where the cutting was carried out, the drum 12 has to be rotated to bring the mandrel 18 into spindle location II, where the ring is engaged by one or selected ones of turning tools 24.
  • the drum 12 is rotated 180 degrees once again to bring the mandrel 18 back to spindle location I, from where the ring 29 can be passed firstly to the gripping means 64 and, after pivoting the bar 56 once again, fed to the automatic handling device 36 at the loading/unloading position. Finally, the automatic handling device 36 lays the finished or partly-finished ring onto the outfeed conveyor 48.
  • the lathe is adapted to work with ultra high pressurised coolant, injected at the toolholder turret 22 with a pressure ranging between 200 and 400 bars.
  • the pressurised liquid is effective both in cooling the turning tools and in removing the chips, besides co-operating to break the chips off the workpiece.
  • This option turns out to be particularly advantageous when performing the turning of the inner bore of the tube.
  • the chips tend to stay adherent to the surface of the inner bore and, consequently, are likely to interfere with the turning tools and accelerate their wear.
  • the coolant is forced to flow through the inner bore of the tube 28 removing the chips therefrom, and through the spindle 16 and a conduit 65 connecting the spindle to a lower reservoir 66.
  • the lathe can handle two workpieces simultaneously, their working cycles being partly overlapping.
  • the first turning step e.g. internal turning
  • the automatic transfer apparatus 52 and the handling device 36 are operated to reverse a ring 29 that was cut off the tube 28 in a previous step and fit it on the mandrel 18.
  • the mandrel 18 in rotating the drum 12 to bring the chuck 20 into spindle location I, the mandrel 18 (fitted with the previously cut ring 29) reaches spindle location II.
  • the other ring 29 is subjected to the second turning operation (e.g. external turning) at spindle location II.
  • FIGs.2 to 6 illustrate the lathe performing a process of machining and cutting off annular elements from a tube 28, the lathe of the present invention can equally serve to machine series of single pre-formed blanks 31, for example forged blanks or even, less preferably, ring-shaped blank elements pre-cut from an elongate tube in a conventional manner.
  • Examples of forged blanks that can be machined in accordance with the present invention are designated at 31 in FIGs.7 to 9.
  • the lathe can be easily reset to process blanks having variable shapes and sizes, by simply inputting from time to time a numerical code of each article.
  • the lathe can be equipped, for example, with a supplementary toolholder turret mounted on a supplementary slide in order to perform turning (or other operations) also at the first spindle location, depending on manufacturing requirements.
  • the drum of the lathe could be equipped with three or more spindles arranged in a circle around the axis of rotation of the drum.
  • the spindles could be arranged differently, for example with vertically aligned operational locations.
  • the arrangement illustrated in FIG.1 is preferred as it allows to place the tube cutting device 70 in a convenient position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Numerisch gesteuerte Drehmaschine, die folgendes umfaßt:
    eine einzige Trommel (12) mit wenigstens zwei Wellen (14, 16), wobei an wenigstens einer der Wellen (14) eine Drehmaschinenspindel (18) und an einer anderen der Wellen (16) ein Futter (20) angebracht ist, die Trommel um eine Trommelachse (A12) zum wahlweisen Bewegen der Wellen zwischen wenigstens einer ersten Wellenbetriebsposition (I) und einer zweiten Wellenbetriebsposition (II) drehbar montiert ist, und die beiden Wellen, die die Spindel (18) und das Futter (20) tragen, sich diametral bezüglich der Trommelachse (A12) gegenüberliegen;
    wenigstens einen Werkzeughalterevolver (22) mit wenigstens einem Drehwerkzeug (24), das in Arbeitsbeziehung zu einem Werkstück (28, 29) positionierbar ist, welches an einer der Wellen (14, 16) in einer der ersten und zweiten Wellenbetriebspositionen (I, II) gehalten ist;
    eine Werkstückzuführstation an einer Seite der Drehmaschine, die mit ersten Mitteln zum Zuführen länglicher Rohlinge in Form von Röhren oder Stangen (28) und zweiten Mitteln (36) zum Zuführen vorgeformter Rohlinge (31) zu einer Belade-/Entladeposition ausgerüstet ist;
    eine automatische Werkstückhandhabungsvorrichtung (36) mit Werkstückgreifermitteln (44), die um eine Achse senkrecht zu der Trommelachse (A12) schwenkbar sind;
    eine automatische Transfervorrichtung (52), die mit wenigstens zwei beabstandeten ersten und zweiten Werkstückklemmeinrichtungen (62, 64) ausgerüstet ist, wobei diese Vorrichtung (52) einen ersten Bewegungsbereich, so daß die Klemmeinrichtungen (62, 64) parallel zu der Trommelachse (A12) beweglich sind, und einen zweiten Bewegungsbereich besitzt, so daß die Klemmeinrichtungen (62, 64) zwischen der ersten Wellenbetriebsposition (I), der Belade-/Entladeposition und der automatischen Werkstückhandhabungsvorrichtung (36) beweglich sind, und die automatische Transfervorrichtung (52) folgendes umfaßt:
    eine Längswelle (54), die in numerisch gesteuerter Weise entlang einer Achse (A54) parallel zu der Trommelachse (A12) gleitend beweglich ist;
    einen Querträger (56), der schwenkbar um die Welle (54) befestigt und zur Rotation um die Wellenachse (A54) angetrieben ist; und
    die erste und zweite Werkstückklemmeinrichtung (58, 62; 60, 64) an jeweils einem der gegenüberliegenden Enden des Trägers (56) sitzen;
    und wobei weiterhin wenigstens eine (60, 64) der Klemmeinrichtungen (58, 62; 60, 64) mit Betätigungsmitteln (68) zum Versetzen der Klemmeinrichtung (64) senkrecht zu dem Querträger (56) verknüpft ist;
    Rohrschneidemittel (70, 74) mit einem Bewegungsbereich, der eine Aktivstellung zum Angreifen und Abschneiden eines Endbereiches (29) eines länglichen Rohlings (28) umfaßt, der an einer der Wellen (14, 16) gehalten ist; und
    Entlademittel (36, 44) zur Übergabe eines bearbeiteten Werkstückes (29, 31) von einer der Klemmeinrichtungen (62, 64) an Ausgabeübernahmemittel (48).
  2. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die automatische Werkstückhandhabungsvorrichtung, die Entlademittel und die zweiten Mittel zum Zuführen vorgeformter Rohlinge durch eine einzige automatische Vorrichtung (36, 44) gebildet sind.
  3. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aktivstellung der Schneidevorrichtung (70) an einer (I) der Wellenbetriebspositionen (I, II) liegt.
  4. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klemmeinrichtungen (68, 62; 60, 64) in gleichem Abstand von der Wellenachse (A54) liegen.
  5. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Träger (56) eine Lage besitzt, in welcher die Klemmeinrichtungen (58, 62; 60, 64) jeweils zu der ersten Wellenbetriebsposition und der Belade-/Entladeposition ausgerichtet sind.
  6. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die automatische Werkstückhandhabungsvorrichtung (36) folgendes umfaßt:
    ein Tragelement (40), das gleitend entlang und schwenkbar um eine Achse (A36) transversal zu der Trommelachse (A12) angetrieben ist;
    Werkstückgreifermittel (44), die an dem Tragelement (40) angebracht und schwenkbar um eine Achse (A42) senkrecht zu der Transversalachse (A36) angetrieben sind; und
    Betätigungsmittel (42) zum Steuern der Öffnungs- und Schließbewegung der Greifermittel (44) in einer Richtung transversal zu derjenigen der Transversalachse (A42).
  7. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Mittel zum Zuführen länglicher Rohlinge aus einem geneigten Vorratstisch (26) zum Aufnehmen und Laden einer Mehrzahl länglicher Röhrenrohlinge (28) parallel zu der Trommelachse (A12) bestehen.
  8. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Mittel zum Zuführen länglicher Rohlinge mit einer Druckbetätigungsvorrichtung (30) verknüpft sind, um den untersten Röhrenrohling (28) auf dem geneigten Tisch (26) entlang einer Versorgungsführung (34) zu der Belade-/Entladeposition zu drücken.
  9. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Eingabefördermittel (50) zum Zuführen vorgeformter Rohlinge (31) an einer Stelle nahe der Ausgabeempfangsmittel (48) und der ersten Mittel zum Zuführen länglicher Rohlinge vorgesehen sind.
  10. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine der Wellen (14, 16) mit einem Längssitz (17) zur Aufnahme eines der röhrenförmigen Rohlinge (28) in ihm versehen ist.
  11. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Mittel zum Einspritzen unter Hochdruck stehenden Kühlmittels an dem Werkzeughalterrevolver (22) aufweist.
  12. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie weiter Kanalmittel (65) zum Verbinden eines sich durch wenigstens eine der Wellen (14, 16) erstreckenden Sitzes (17) mit einem Vorrat (66) aufweist.
  13. Bearbeitungsverfahren zum Herstellen einer Vielzahl kreis- oder röhrenförmiger Elemente (29) aus einem länglichen röhrenförmigen Rohling (28) unter Verwendung einer Drehmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte umfaßt:
    (a) das Bereitstellen wenigstens eines länglichen röhrenförmigen Rohlings (28) mit einer Länge (Lt), die sich als eine Funktion der Anzahl (n) und Länge (Lp) der daraus zu erhaltenden röhrenförmigen Elemente (29) errechnet;
    (b) das Zuführen des wenigstens einen röhrenförmigen Rohlings (28) an einer Zuführstation einer numerisch gesteuerten Drehmaschine, die eine einzelne, um eine Trommelachse (A12) drehbare Trommel (12) mit wenigstens einer ersten und einer zweiten Welle (14, 16) aufweist, wobei eine Spindel (18) an wenigstens einer (14) der Wellen und ein Futter (20) an einer anderen (16) der Wellen montiert ist und die beiden die Spindel (18) und das Futter (20) tragenden Wellen sich in Bezug auf die Trommelachse (A12) diametral gegenüberliegen;
    (c) das automatische Übertragen eines röhrenförmigen Rohlings (28) aus der Zuführstation und Einfügen des röhrenförmigen Rohlings in einen axialen Längssitz (17), der an der ersten Welle (16) vorgesehen ist;
    (d) das lösbare Festlegen des röhrenförmigen Rohlings in dem Sitz (17), wobei wenigstens ein Teil der Oberfläche des röhrenförmigen Rohlings für wenigstens ein Drehwerkzeug (24) der Drehmaschine zugänglich bleibt;
    (e) das automatische Bewegen entweder der ersten Welle (16) oder des Drehwerkzeuges (24) relativ in Bezug aufeinander, um die zugängliche Oberfläche des röhrenförmigen Rohlings in die Reichweite des Drehwerkzeuges zu bringen;
    (f) das Drehbearbeiten wenigstens eines Teils der zugänglichen Oberfläche des röhrenförmigen Rohlings (28);
    (g) das automatische Herausziehen des röhrenförmigen Rohlings aus dem Sitz (17) um eine Länge, die sich als eine Funktion der Länge des zu erhaltenden Elements (29) errechnet, wobei man einen Außenbereich des röhrenförmigen Rohlings aus dem Sitz hervorstehen läßt, und das automatische Bewegen entweder der ersten Welle oder eines Rohrschneidewerkzeuges (74) relativ zueinander, um den röhrenförmigen Rohling in die Reichweite des Schneidwerkzeuges zu bringen;
    (h) das automatische Abschneiden des vorstehenden Bereiches von dem röhrenförmigen Rohling (28) mit Hilfe des Rohrschneidewerkzeuges (74), wodurch man ein kreis- oder röhrenförmiges Element (29) erhält;
    (i) das automatische Entfernen des kreis- oder röhrenförmigen Elements (29) von der ersten Welle;
    (j) das Verschwenken des kreis- oder röhrenförmigen Elements (29) um 180° um eine Achse senkrecht zu seiner Längsachse und das Übergeben des Elements an die zweite Welle (14);
    (k) das lösbare Festlegen des Elements in der verschwenkten Stellung an der zweiten Welle, wobei wenigstens ein Teil der Oberfläche des Elements für das wenigstens eine Drehwerkzeug der Drehmaschine zugänglich bleibt;
    (l) das Abdrehen wenigstens eines Teils der zugänglichen Oberfläche des Elements (29);
    (m) das automatische Entfernen des Elements (29) von der zweiten Welle (14) und Übergeben des Elements an Ausgabemittel; und
    (n) das zyklische Wiederholen der Schritte (e) bis (m), bis das letzte der aus dem röhrenförmigen Rohling (28) erhaltenen Elemente (29) fertiggestellt ist.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge eines röhrenförmigen Rohlings (28) als ein Mehrfaches der Länge der daraus zu erhaltenden Elemente (29) gewählt wird, wobei die Abtrennlänge (Lpo) für jedes Element, das von dem röhrenförmigen Rohling im Schritt (h) abgetrennt wird, im Einklang mit der folgenden Formel berücksichtigt wird: Lt = n · [Lp + Lpo]
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Länge (Lt) eines röhrenförmigen Rohlings (28) in einem Bereich zwischen 600 mm und 800 mm bewegt.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schneidvorgang (h) den folgenden Schritt umfaßt:
    (h1) das Halten des vorstehenden Bereiches des röhrenförmigen Rohlings (28) mit Hilfe eines Drehkopfes (58, 62) einer automatischen Vorrichtung (52) für den Transfer der Rohlinge (28) und der Elemente (29) zwischen den verschiedenen Positionen der Drehmaschine.
EP99125879A 1998-12-30 1999-12-24 Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Werkstücken und eine numerisch gesteuerte Drehmaschine Expired - Lifetime EP1016499B1 (de)

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IT1998TO001104A IT1305099B1 (it) 1998-12-30 1998-12-30 Procedimento per la lavorazione di pezzi e tornio a controllo numerico
ITTO981104 1998-12-30

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DE69923940D1 (de) 2005-04-07
EP1016499A2 (de) 2000-07-05
ITTO981104A1 (it) 2000-06-30
IT1305099B1 (it) 2001-04-10
CN1126636C (zh) 2003-11-05
CN1258587A (zh) 2000-07-05
JP2000225502A (ja) 2000-08-15
US6357324B1 (en) 2002-03-19
ITTO981104A0 (it) 1998-12-30
EP1016499A3 (de) 2001-05-16

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