EP1012906B1 - Ebene mikrowellenantenne - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1012906B1
EP1012906B1 EP98934748A EP98934748A EP1012906B1 EP 1012906 B1 EP1012906 B1 EP 1012906B1 EP 98934748 A EP98934748 A EP 98934748A EP 98934748 A EP98934748 A EP 98934748A EP 1012906 B1 EP1012906 B1 EP 1012906B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plane
antenna
antenna according
microwave antenna
shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98934748A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1012906A1 (de
Inventor
Thomas Wixforth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1012906A1 publication Critical patent/EP1012906A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1012906B1 publication Critical patent/EP1012906B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave antenna with each other Individual antenna elements linked via lines of defined length, which are arranged above a ground plane.
  • the invention relates in particular to a flat microwave antenna of the generic type, being adjacent to the plane in of which the individual antenna elements are arranged, a displaceable Level (setting level) is arranged, the means contributes to phase shift on those carried by the lines To act on individual signals.
  • the generic antennas can be both transmit and receive antennas.
  • Level microwave antennas of the generic type are known in the prior art, for example the flat antenna A60-F from the Blau Vietnamese brand.
  • Such flat microwave antennas are primarily intended to replace the so-called "satellite dishes", which have become very popular in recent years, but whose external appearance often triggers criticism, as it aesthetically disturbs the external appearance of buildings and landscapes intervenes.
  • the known flat antennas - like the already mentioned parabolic antennas - have to be aligned with respect to two degrees of freedom to the respective satellite to be received in order to provide acceptable signal-to-noise ratios of the antenna signal.
  • the two degrees of freedom are usually referred to as “elevation” and “azimuth”, the elevation being an angle corresponds, which lies between the main lobe direction of the main antenna plane and the azimuth ⁇ characterizes the rotation of the entire arrangement about a vertical axis.
  • elevation and “azimuth”
  • the elevation being an angle corresponds, which lies between the main lobe direction of the main antenna plane and the azimuth ⁇ characterizes the rotation of the entire arrangement about a vertical axis.
  • other angle designations can also be selected.
  • planar antennas flat antenna
  • Mechanical alignment is therefore also necessary.
  • a flat microwave antenna is known from EP 0 456 579 A1, in which the main lobe direction can be set without pivoting the main plane.
  • at least one setting level is provided, on which wedge-shaped means are provided in order to apply a defined phase delay to the respective lines which originate from the individual antenna elements. In this way it can be achieved that the angle , which is formed between the main lobe direction and the base plane of the planar antenna, can deviate from 90 °.
  • the direction can only be shifted created the possibility of the main club direction in to swivel one plane, the one with classic flat antennas 90 ° angle between the main lobe direction and the base of the antennas to a pointed or a obtuse angle can be changed, but the main lobe direction always lies in the plane through the vertical axis and the direction of ascending or descending phase shift of the individual signals is spanned.
  • the task is solved with such an antenna, to create a planar antenna that is inconspicuously parallel to a wall or other flat surface, for example Dwelling houses or similar can be attached, with the adjustable Directional characteristic of the antenna is ensured, that reception in any position or spatial orientation the base of the antenna is possible.
  • planar antenna known from the European patent application with adjustable polar pattern is however with some Disadvantages, which are very practical restrict.
  • the means that to have a phase-shifting effect on the individual lines, at right angles extend to the lines, which in the laid-open specification disclosed wedge-shaped formation of the phase shift elements have a certain thickness of the setting level requires and has manufacturing problems.
  • the invention is therefore based on the first object, an antenna the special kind, starting from the state of the art to improve in the form of EP 0 456 579 A1 so that the phase shift elements on the setting level manufacture and less susceptible to mechanical interference are.
  • the solution to the problem is with a generic level Microwave antenna characterized in that the lines are interrupted each time that each interruption point with one arranged on the displaceable plane, essentially U-shaped conductor section is bridged, its effective Length can be changed by moving the setting level.
  • phase shifter / delay elements can on the Setting level in different manufacturing techniques or ladder techniques be arranged. This includes microstrip lines, Triplate line or strip line, suspended substrate line, Slot line, coplanar line, coplanar Stripline.
  • the setting level between the mass level is particularly preferred and the level of the individual antenna elements.
  • the U-shaped conductor sections can be galvanic or mixed be inductively / capacitively coupled.
  • the angle between can be adjusted by moving the setting plane Main lobe direction and the main antenna level set are, preferably the setting level in the form of a film is formed, attack at the edges of traction devices.
  • This Traction means can for example be arranged opposite one another Screws with which the setting level is in Shape of the film can move in one direction.
  • an inventive development of the plane microwave antenna according to the invention is characterized in that the antenna plane is rotatably mounted, and thus an angle ⁇ about the vertical axis is adjustable.
  • the invention is therefore based on the further object to create planar microwave antennas for any type of polarization suitable is.
  • each Shell at least one level containing single antenna elements has and the preferred direction of the individual antenna elements the first shell perpendicular to the preferred direction of the individual antenna elements the second shell runs.
  • the solution according to the invention can be particularly advantageous use with the proposed microwave antenna with adjustable directivity, at which exactly a slidable plane with substantially U-shaped conductor sections as phase shifting elements on one rotatable main plane is arranged so that the main lobe direction can be set with little effort.
  • an antenna is created which are for example for satellite reception and communication etc. Suitable for applications where the antenna is inconspicuously parallel to any surface, for example a house wall, a gable wall, etc. can be attached and good signal-to-noise ratios the antenna signal with any type of polarization supplies.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the invention provided degrees of freedom for aligning the main lobe of a Planar antenna according to the invention 10.
  • the planar antenna according to the invention 10 has, for example, 10 ⁇ 10 individual antenna elements on, which in Figure 1 only by a circle 12th are indicated.
  • the edge of the antenna surface can - as in Figure 1 indicated - for example rectangular, i.e. the matrix of 10 x 10 individual antenna elements following - be formed, or, to enable the preferred rotation around the vertical axis - Z axis - have a circular border.
  • a defined phase shift can be imparted to all individual antenna elements of the same coordinate in the direction of the X ′ axis, as symbolized by the triangle 14. In this way it can be achieved that despite an angle incidence angle deviating from the perpendicular, all individual signals of the individual antenna elements converge in phase at the summation point.
  • the entire antenna arrangement can be pivoted about the vertical axis, ie the Z axis, so that the X ′ axis can be pivoted by an angle ⁇ to the X axis.
  • the angle ⁇ can be an azimuth, for example.
  • the very simple concept provided according to the invention enables cheap antennas that are in any location on building walls, and in particular parallel to a building wall can, the direction of the main lobe nonetheless in space can be freely aligned.
  • Figure 2 shows the structure of a proposed Planar antenna; in Figure 3 are the layers shown in Figure 2 shown as an exploded view.
  • a two-shell structure is provided by two to evaluate orthogonal polarization components and to be able to set any type of polarization.
  • FIG. 2 shows the layers belonging to an upper shell 20s reference numerals, while those to a lower shell associated layers bear 30s reference numerals.
  • a metal layer can first be seen in FIG. 2 from top to bottom 20, which is applied to a carrier material 22, the hereinafter referred to as "Superstrat 22".
  • Figure 3 shows that the metal layer 20 has 2 x 2 circular cutouts 21 carries. Each circular section is part of a single antenna element.
  • the representation of a 2 x 2 matrix of single antenna elements has been chosen to be a. easy to to enable grasping representation, in actual embodiments the antennas according to the invention are the matrices single antenna elements can be chosen much larger, to be sufficiently strong, especially for satellite reception Get overall signal.
  • a film 24 is arranged, which in Direction of the arrows in Figure 3 is displaceable.
  • the substrate 26 carries one Network structure with individual antenna elements 27, all of them are aligned in a direction parallel to each other.
  • the Single antenna elements 27 with the corresponding circular sections 21 interact in the metal layer 20, go Lines that are interrupted at two points 28a and 28b. These break points are through the U-shaped conductor pieces 25a and 25b bridged, the position of the Slide 24 the effective length of the U-shaped "pull-out lines" 25a and 25b can be changed.
  • the metal layer 30 additionally having a central opening 33 has access to an outcoupling contact 29 enable, which is arranged on the substrate 26.
  • the single antenna elements 37 In contrast to the network structure with single antenna elements 27, which is arranged on the substrate 26, are the single antenna elements 37, each with the cutouts 31 in the Metal layer 30 interact, under an orthogonal Direction to the first-mentioned individual antenna elements 27 aligned.
  • the outcoupling contact 39 likewise extends at an angle of ⁇ / 2 to the decoupling contact 29.
  • the bottom layer 40 shows the base plane 40, a circular waveguide 42, according to the invention in relation to the base plane 40 is rotatable and arranged offset by ⁇ / 2 from each other Coupling contact 29 and 39 of the two shells cooperate.
  • FIG 4 are four individual antenna elements each of the top and the lower shell is shown in perspective one above the other.
  • the mutually assigned individual antenna elements 27 and 37 under mutually perpendicular polarization directions are arranged.
  • FIG. 5 shows the representation according to FIG. 4 in the form of a projection, the direction of projection parallel to the vertical axis, i.e. Z axis runs.
  • the ones spaced apart in space Levels of the first and second shell therefore appear in the Top view in Figure 5 fused together.
  • Figure 5 shows furthermore two outcoupling contacts arranged on the circular waveguide 42 49 which are spaced apart by ⁇ / 2, as well the coupling contacts 29 of the upper shell and 39 of the lower one Bowl.
  • the vertical decoupling contact shown the signal of (with respect the view) decoupled vertically polarized wave portion become.
  • the other decoupling contact 49 is accordingly Horizontal polarized wave signal available.
  • the circular waveguide 42 is relative to the antenna surface been rotated so that 49 signals horizontally at the coupling contacts and vertically polarized wave components with respect to one are available for viewing the inclined plane of incidence.
  • the antenna according to the invention opens up the possibility cost-effectively a universal antenna especially for satellite reception to create that in any position, i.e. in aesthetic satisfactorily arranged to be received Satellites are aligned and based on simple means different forms of polarization can be switched.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show examples of the binary tree structure and the arrangement of phase shifting "pull-out lines".
  • Figure 7 shows an arrangement in which the individual antenna elements are symbolized by circles 12, while the phase shifting Elements 25 of the first shell and 35 of the second Shell are indicated by corresponding U-shaped pieces.
  • FIG. 7 further shows the circular boundary of the antenna plane, the one rotation around - in Figure 7 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing trending - vertical axis favors.
  • Figure 8 shows an example in a similar symbolic representation conceivable matrices or binary tree structures for 2x2 antenna elements, 4x4, 8x8 and 16x16 antenna elements.
  • the size of the Matrix of antenna elements can be chosen arbitrarily, whereby square arrangements should be preferred.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP98934748A 1997-09-24 1998-05-19 Ebene mikrowellenantenne Expired - Lifetime EP1012906B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19742090 1997-09-24
DE19742090A DE19742090A1 (de) 1997-09-24 1997-09-24 Ebene Mikrowellenantenne
PCT/DE1998/001375 WO1999016148A1 (de) 1997-09-24 1998-05-19 Ebene mikrowellenantenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1012906A1 EP1012906A1 (de) 2000-06-28
EP1012906B1 true EP1012906B1 (de) 2001-11-14

Family

ID=7843441

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98934748A Expired - Lifetime EP1012906B1 (de) 1997-09-24 1998-05-19 Ebene mikrowellenantenne

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6246370B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1012906B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4021617B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN1156053C (ja)
DE (2) DE19742090A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1999016148A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6989797B2 (en) * 1998-09-21 2006-01-24 Ipr Licensing, Inc. Adaptive antenna for use in wireless communication systems
JP2000196329A (ja) * 1998-12-24 2000-07-14 Nec Corp フェーズドアレイアンテナおよびその製造方法
WO2002019466A2 (en) * 2000-08-31 2002-03-07 Raytheon Company Mechanically steerable array antenna
DE10052748A1 (de) * 2000-10-25 2002-05-29 Technisat Elektronik Thueringe Planarantenne mit verbesserter Richtcharakteristik
WO2002103846A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-27 E-Tenna Corporation Aperture antenna having a high-impedance backing
US7233217B2 (en) * 2001-08-23 2007-06-19 Andrew Corporation Microstrip phase shifter
US6707348B2 (en) 2002-04-23 2004-03-16 Xytrans, Inc. Microstrip-to-waveguide power combiner for radio frequency power combining
JP4227589B2 (ja) * 2004-12-03 2009-02-18 日本放送協会 アクティブアレイアンテナ
US7557675B2 (en) * 2005-03-22 2009-07-07 Radiacion Y Microondas, S.A. Broad band mechanical phase shifter
US7592963B2 (en) * 2006-09-29 2009-09-22 Intel Corporation Multi-band slot resonating ring antenna

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63296402A (ja) * 1987-05-27 1988-12-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 平面アンテナ
FR2662026B1 (fr) * 1990-05-11 1992-07-10 Thomson Csf Antenne orientable plane, fonctionnant en micro-ondes.
GB2261771B (en) * 1991-11-20 1995-08-30 Northern Telecom Ltd Flat plate antenna
EP0802578A4 (en) * 1994-06-09 2000-12-20 Zakrytoe Aktionernoe Obschestv PLANAR GROUP ANTENNA AND ASSOCIATED MICRO-STRIP LADDER RADIATOR ELEMENTS
SE9603565D0 (sv) * 1996-05-13 1996-09-30 Allgon Ab Flat antenna
CA2241128A1 (en) * 1997-06-30 1998-12-30 Sony International (Europe) Gmbh Wide band printed phase array antenna for microwave and mm-wave applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59802170D1 (de) 2001-12-20
CN1156053C (zh) 2004-06-30
JP2001517882A (ja) 2001-10-09
US6246370B1 (en) 2001-06-12
CN1271469A (zh) 2000-10-25
DE19742090A1 (de) 1999-03-25
JP4021617B2 (ja) 2007-12-12
WO1999016148A1 (de) 1999-04-01
EP1012906A1 (de) 2000-06-28

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