EP1008277B1 - Schallaufnahmeeinrichtung, insbesondere für eine sprechstelle - Google Patents

Schallaufnahmeeinrichtung, insbesondere für eine sprechstelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1008277B1
EP1008277B1 EP98928096A EP98928096A EP1008277B1 EP 1008277 B1 EP1008277 B1 EP 1008277B1 EP 98928096 A EP98928096 A EP 98928096A EP 98928096 A EP98928096 A EP 98928096A EP 1008277 B1 EP1008277 B1 EP 1008277B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
pickup device
sound pickup
acoustic sensors
acoustic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98928096A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1008277A2 (de
Inventor
Gerhard Kock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beyer Dynamic & Co GmbH
Original Assignee
Interkom Electronic Kock & Mreches GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Interkom Electronic Kock & Mreches GmbH filed Critical Interkom Electronic Kock & Mreches GmbH
Publication of EP1008277A2 publication Critical patent/EP1008277A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1008277B1 publication Critical patent/EP1008277B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sound recording device, in particular for a microphone unit according to the preamble of the claim 1.
  • Sound recording devices are known as individual microphones, those available with or without polar patterns are. Are sound recording devices related Microphone units used for conference systems or lecterns, this is a high level of feedback security, good decoupling of ambient noise and extensive independence the signal level of changing speech directions and - positions desired.
  • Microphones without a directional pattern can be changed Speaking directions and positions, but they offer little feedback security and poor Decoupling from ambient noise. To compensate for this disadvantage, would have to choose a small gain factor and at the same time a very small speaking distance is maintained, so that the speaker's sound level at the microphone is sufficient is large to mask ambient noise. Changes of speech directions and positions will then have an effect comparatively larger changes in distance and thus also Sound level fluctuations as if there is generally a large speaking distance can be met. In addition, unpleasant occur Popp noises on explosive sounds caused by air flow caused. Conversely, microphones offer Polar pattern a high feedback security and a good decoupling from ambient noise outside of yours Sound recording angle. Due to the limited sound absorption angle however, there are fluctuations in the sound level when changes are made the direction and position of the speech. So there are sound level fluctuations when changing the speech direction and position ultimately present in both types of microphones.
  • EP-A-0 692 923 is a selective sound recording system known for a reverberant and noisy environment.
  • the system includes a variety of electroacoustic transducers for Selection of in-phase useful signals from a useful zone of out-of-phase signals from other areas.
  • the converters are on a support from a concave cylindrical surface arranged symmetrically, oriented towards the usage zone and in Divided into groups.
  • the signals from each converter are after a level adjustment, first additions in groups fed, then frequency-selective filtered and then the filtered signals from different groups added up.
  • High-frequency signal components are used exclusively from near the center of the carrier Taken from transducers while medium and low frequency Signal components also from further outside the center of the carrier arranged transducers can be removed.
  • WO 94 26075 describes a device for acoustic Location of a speaker known. There are a number of them Microphones arranged at a predetermined distance from each other and their signal propagation times are evaluated and compared. The device can be directed towards the speaker by motor become.
  • the invention has for its object a sound recording device, especially for call stations improve that both high feedback security and a good decoupling from ambient noise as well extensive independence of the signal level from changing Sound directions and positions as well as a security against POP noise is achieved.
  • This task is performed in a sound recording device, in particular for microphone units, according to the preamble of the claim 1 by the specified in the characterizing part of this claim Features resolved.
  • the sound recording device sound emitted by a sound source of at least two Sound recorders recorded simultaneously.
  • a sound source of at least two Sound recorders By combination of the received signals from all sound recorders succeeds the Sound even when the direction of propagation or position changes record the sound source at a more even level, than possible with just a single sound pickup would.
  • the addition of the amplitudes of the individual leads Output signals from the sound pickups overall to raise the level of sound signals that originate in the reference point have, but also to a level reduction of ambient signals. Because of the alignment with the reference point namely the useful signals of the sound pickups are correlated, Interference signals and their noise voltages, however, are not correlated. This improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the added signal with every doubling of the number of Sound pickup by 3 dB. By selecting the number accordingly and arrangement of the sound pickups can location and size of the Zone of the most favorable sound recording as well as the signal-to-noise ratio to get voted. This results in a directional effect the entire sound recording device, if the individual sound recorders themselves have no directional characteristic exhibit.
  • the directivity of the entire sound recording device differs yourself more advantageous from the directivity more usual Directional microphones, because the directionality does not diverge from Sound sensor to the sound source, but converges in the Reference point, similar to the focus of a concave mirror. Thereby will also provide the desired feedback security and decoupling achieved by ambient noise and compared to one possible directivity of individual sound recorders again improved. At the same time there is a larger distance between Sound source and sound recorders possible, resulting in pop sounds prevents the air flow caused by explosive sounds can. There is also the possibility of the sound recording device in a compact housing in enlarged To accommodate the speaker so that the view is clear forward is not hindered.
  • the sound pickups have a uniform one Distance from the reference position and are on one Arranged circular or spherical section, the center point is formed by the reference position.
  • individual or all Sound transducers additionally assigned to transmission links be, whose transmission measure to uniform signal levels of all Sound pickup is adjustable.
  • transmission measure includes gain, Attenuation and unchanged amplitude of the signal.
  • the sound recorders can have directional characteristics and aligned so that the axes of their main receiving directions each point to the reference position.
  • the restricted Sound pickup angle of the individual sound pickups does not have a disadvantage, since there are several sound pickups are present, the sound recording angle overlap and so within the recording area of the sound recording device for an even sound sensitivity to care.
  • the sound pickups are preferably direct as acoustic-electrical Converter trained.
  • the sound pickups can be acoustic as inlets
  • Waveguides can be formed that one or more lead common acoustic-electrical transducers.
  • an optical marking for the target position the sound source Furthermore, an optical marking for the target position the sound source.
  • the optical marking is expedient by at least two Light sources are formed, each by the sound recording device towards the target position of the sound source only in the solid angle of the cheapest sound recording emit characteristic light.
  • the speaker automatically discrepancies signaled from the optimal speaking position so that he can correct his position at any time.
  • a further development provides that the arrangement of the sound pickups and / or their main reception direction and / or the Term of the term elements to a change in the actual position the sound source is so adaptable that the reference position the sound recording device the actual position of the sound source is trackable.
  • This measure makes it possible without loss of feedback security and decoupling ambient noise from the speaker create more freedom of movement and less on static limited speaking position. Besides, can so also an adaptation to speakers of different body sizes respectively.
  • the arrangement of the sound pickups can be individually or in Groups can be moved and / or pivoted and a drive for moving and / or swiveling can be done manually or controllable by automatic position detection of the sound source his.
  • the term of the term elements can also be set manually or by automatic position detection of the sound source controllable his.
  • the change in term is also in combination with a change in the arrangement of the sound pickups and / or their Main reception direction possible.
  • Suitable methods for position detection can be found on the Receiving heat radiation from the speaker's face, radar, Ultrasound or video image processing are based.
  • the activity and / or the position the sound source can be determined by a correlator, to which the signals from the sound pickups are fed.
  • the position of the sound source by measuring the time difference the zero crossings of the signals different Sound sensor can be determined.
  • the correlator can track activity through the criterion signals arriving simultaneously or largely simultaneously on the sound pickups. This criterion indicates that there is a sound source in the reference position or near the reference position.
  • the cognition of activity can be used, for example, to: Connect sound recording device to a loudspeaker system.
  • the correlator can determine the position of the sound source by evaluating the phase shifts of those of the individual Determine incoming amplitude values of sound recorders, because these phase shifts are a measure of the distance between the Are sound source from the reference position.
  • the sound recorders can also be used as segments of one two-dimensional or three-dimensional direction of the acoustic-electrical system Be designed transducer, the surface at least approximately or in sections a circular or Ball section corresponds.
  • This version is an alternative to a version in which a large number of individual acoustic-electrical Transducers next to each other on one Circle or spherical section are arranged.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the invention Sound recording device with sound pickups 2 a circular section 5.
  • a reference position 1 corresponds to Ideal or target position of a sound source.
  • the sound pickups 2 are arranged so that direction vectors 4 between the reference position 1 and the sound transducers 2 in different Show directions.
  • In the immediate as acoustic-electrical Transducers trained 2 are directional microphones whose axes are their main reception directions 3 intersect in reference position 1.
  • the amplitudes of the output signals of the individual sound sensors 2 are in a downstream addition device 6 added and passed to a laxative signal path 7. Due to the identical spacing of all sound pickups 2 to reference position 1 are the output signals when arranged the sound source in or near the reference position 1 in essentially in phase and equally strong and therefore become added to the maximum possible output signal strength.
  • the arrangement of the sound pickups 2 2 is an embodiment, where the arrangement of the sound pickups 2 also extends into the third dimension. There are the sound pickups 2 arranged on a spherical section 5. At this The arrangement results in a further improved concentration the recording on the reference position 1, because there are also deviations in height be taken into account.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sound recording device with sound recorders 2 on a straight line.
  • This makes the sound pickups 2 at different distances from the reference position 1, namely the intersection of the main receiving directions 3 of the Sound sensor 2 arranged.
  • This arrangement leads to one more compact design of the call station. It can be seen that the transit time of the sound from the reference position 1 to the Sound sensors 2 due to the different distances is different. The recording volume is also at the more distant sound pickups 2 less.
  • Those differences are here through downstream runtime 8 and Compensated transmission links 18, the closer to the Reference position 1 arranged sound transducers 2 assigned are.
  • the transmission dimensions of the transmission elements 18 correspond damping.
  • 8 and transmission links 18 are the middle four sound pickups Arrange 2 virtually as if they were in the same Distance from reference position 1 as the outer sound sensor 2nd
  • Fig. 4 shows an optical device for marking the optimal speech position.
  • This device comprises two light sources 9, each emitting light in a limited solid angle. The solid angles are aligned so that the zones of light propagation overlap and the reference position 1 lies in the center of this overlap area 10. Only in this overlap area 10 does a speaker see both light sources 9, which signals to him that he is in the area of the most favorable sound recording. If he sees only one of the light sources 9, then he is outside the most favorable recording area and he can correct his position.
  • FIG. 5 shows a sound recording device with activity detection.
  • the outputs of all sound sensors 2 are included connected to a correlator 11.
  • An output of the correlator 11 is via a threshold detector 12 with a control input a switch 13 connected to the output of the adder 6.
  • the correlator 11 checks the output signals of the Sound pickup 2 on the agreement of their amplitudes and Phases. Only if a sound source at the reference position 1 is arranged, all amplitudes and phases match, which corresponds to a high correlation factor. With increasing Distance of the sound source from the reference position 1 single or multiple amplitude and phase values more and more from others, which reduces the correlation factor.
  • the absolute value of the amplitude remains within wide limits significant influence on the determined correlation factor. This can automatically detect whether there is a sound source is near the reference position 1 or not.
  • the correlation factor provides a very reliable and interference-proof criterion for the activity of a sound source in or near the reference position 1.
  • the output signal of the correlator 11 can thus via the threshold value detector 12 and the control input of the switch 13 for automatic Switching of microphone signals used in conference systems become.
  • Fig. 6 shows an arrangement for pivoting the sound pickup 2.
  • the sound pickups 2 are fixedly mounted on a carrier 19, which in turn is pivotally mounted.
  • a drive element 16 in the form of a pressure cylinder coupled so that the carrier 19 can be pivoted.
  • control buttons can be used are connected to a control device 15 are. It is also an optical marking device the optimal speaking position, so the user the setting considerably easier.
  • an automatic one Adjustment can be made by the position of the face or head of the speaker in a position detection device 14 using known methods such as evaluation the heat radiation of the face, evaluation of radar, or Ultrasonic sensors or evaluation of a video image automatically is determined and with the help of this information the drive element 16 controlled in this way via the control device 15 is that the changed reference position 1 'of the determined Position of the head comes as close as possible.
  • FIG. 7 shows a sound recording device with a device to change the main reception direction 3.
  • the Sound recorders 2 are again directional microphones. These have the peculiarity that their main reception directions 3 can be changed by electrical control signals can.
  • Various solutions are known for this, for example by superimposing the signals of two closely assembled Sound pickup 2.
  • the sound pickups 2 are mounted on a straight line. For the runtime and amplitude compensation are corresponding Runtime 8 and transmission links 18 each transducer 2 downstream.
  • the delay times of the term elements 8 and the transmission dimensions of the transmission elements 18 are continuously adjustable from a control device 15.
  • the output signals of the sound pickups 2 become one Correlator 11 supplied in the control device 15, which the Differences in the transit time of the sound to the sound sensors 2 calculated. From these runtime differences, in turn, the Position of the sound source can be determined. Then sends the control device 15 commands for setting the main reception direction 3 for each of the sound pickups 2 without mechanical movements must be carried out and commands for setting the transit time 8 and transmission elements 18, to correct runtime and amplitude differences. Also in this case there is a changed reference position 1 '. Based on the position information of the sound source the control device 15 can additionally decide whether the sound source is within the desired range and switch to the discharging signal paths.
  • the circuit shown can be changed in such a way that the correlator 11 also behind the runtime 8 and Transmission links 18 can be connected. Further is it possible correlator 11, runtime 8 and transmission links 18 to train as a digital signal processor, so all Software evaluations and settings.
  • FIG. 8 shows a sound recording device with waveguides 17, which lead to a single acoustic-electrical converter. This makes it possible to determine the number of acoustic-electrical Converter and thus reduce the cost of this.
  • transducers each have sound inlets acoustic waveguide 17 is provided.
  • the sound inlets can be attached in such a way that for sound reception each has a pronounced directional effect, such as known for directional tubes for microphones, according to work on the principle of interference.
  • the waveguide 17, the generally consist of simple pipes, now all together on a single acoustic-electrical converter guided.
  • the lengths of the waveguides 17 can be so clever be chosen so that the duration of the sound from the reference position 1 to the acoustic-electrical converter through all waveguides 17 is the same.
  • 9a shows a representation of a one-dimensional
  • 9b is an illustration of a two- or three-dimensionally stretched acoustic-electrical converter.
  • 9 follows Surface at least approximately or in sections Section of a circle or sphere. This version corresponds to one very large number of acoustic-electrical transducers that are immediately adjacent to each other. Even if the converter is made with a mechanically continuous membrane, the individual sections act as individual acoustic-electrical Converters whose signals are added integrally here. Here, too, there is a directional effect as with single converters given.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Interconnected Communication Systems, Intercoms, And Interphones (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
EP98928096A 1997-04-10 1998-03-27 Schallaufnahmeeinrichtung, insbesondere für eine sprechstelle Expired - Lifetime EP1008277B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19714748 1997-04-10
DE19714748 1997-04-10
PCT/DE1998/000912 WO1998046043A2 (de) 1997-04-10 1998-03-27 Schallaufnahmeeinrichtung, insbesondere für eine sprechstelle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1008277A2 EP1008277A2 (de) 2000-06-14
EP1008277B1 true EP1008277B1 (de) 2001-08-01

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98928096A Expired - Lifetime EP1008277B1 (de) 1997-04-10 1998-03-27 Schallaufnahmeeinrichtung, insbesondere für eine sprechstelle

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7366308B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1008277B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4117910B2 (ja)
AT (1) ATE203869T1 (ja)
DE (1) DE59801138D1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1998046043A2 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9124972B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2015-09-01 Intel Corporation Voice-bearing light

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1206161A1 (en) * 2000-11-10 2002-05-15 Sony International (Europe) GmbH Microphone array with self-adjusting directivity for handsets and hands free kits
GB0405455D0 (en) * 2004-03-11 2004-04-21 Mitel Networks Corp High precision beamsteerer based on fixed beamforming approach beampatterns
DE602006012030D1 (de) * 2005-03-30 2010-03-18 Audiogravity Holdings Ltd Vorrichtung zur Unterdrückung von Windgeräuschen
JP4311402B2 (ja) * 2005-12-21 2009-08-12 ヤマハ株式会社 拡声システム
GB0609416D0 (en) * 2006-05-12 2006-06-21 Audiogravity Holdings Ltd Wind noise rejection apparatus
JP5338040B2 (ja) * 2007-06-04 2013-11-13 ヤマハ株式会社 音声会議装置
DE102008045397B4 (de) * 2008-09-02 2013-10-02 Institut für Rundfunktechnik GmbH Anordnung zur verbesserten Tondarstellung der sportartspezifischen Geräusche von Feldsportarten
US9132331B2 (en) * 2010-03-19 2015-09-15 Nike, Inc. Microphone array and method of use
TW201208335A (en) * 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd Electronic device
CN108490384A (zh) * 2018-03-30 2018-09-04 深圳海岸语音技术有限公司 一种小型空间声源方位探测装置及其方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9124972B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2015-09-01 Intel Corporation Voice-bearing light

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4117910B2 (ja) 2008-07-16
EP1008277A2 (de) 2000-06-14
US7366308B1 (en) 2008-04-29
DE59801138D1 (de) 2001-09-06
WO1998046043A3 (de) 1999-03-25
WO1998046043A2 (de) 1998-10-15
ATE203869T1 (de) 2001-08-15
JP2001519110A (ja) 2001-10-16

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