EP1007795A1 - Method for fitting pipes - Google Patents

Method for fitting pipes

Info

Publication number
EP1007795A1
EP1007795A1 EP98902075A EP98902075A EP1007795A1 EP 1007795 A1 EP1007795 A1 EP 1007795A1 EP 98902075 A EP98902075 A EP 98902075A EP 98902075 A EP98902075 A EP 98902075A EP 1007795 A1 EP1007795 A1 EP 1007795A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
trench
pipe elements
stops
pipe
thixotropic material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98902075A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1007795B1 (en
Inventor
Thierry Lauzanne
Gérard ZYGOMALAS
Robert Lacroix
Philippe Saffre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eurovia SA
Original Assignee
Entreprise Jean Lefebvre
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Entreprise Jean Lefebvre filed Critical Entreprise Jean Lefebvre
Publication of EP1007795A1 publication Critical patent/EP1007795A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1007795B1 publication Critical patent/EP1007795B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/12—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with equipment for back-filling trenches or ditches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of laying pipes and backfilling trenches with one or more flows of a thixotropic material.
  • Pipe laying and trench backfilling by conventional methods are a source of constraints related to the safety of men whose presence in the bottom of the trench is necessary for the installation of pipes, to the quality of laying, in particular the thickness and quality of compaction of the bedding and the quality of the pipe coating.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to avoid these constraints thanks to the elimination of the laying bed, to the elimination of the adjustment of the pipe at the bottom of the trench, thanks to a perfect coating of the pipe and to a good resistance of the backfill material. which remains drawable over time.
  • the method according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to dig the trench over a width less than the standards imposed, to overcome the altimetric adjustment of the pipes in the bottom of the trench before backfilling. Consequently, this makes it possible to save materials, and for the personnel, to reduce the risks, the arduousness and the duration of the work.
  • Said method is based on the use of the properties of the Archimedes thrust and of the thixotropic nature of the backfill material.
  • Pipe laying methods using the properties of Archimedes' thrust are known, in particular in marshy terrain, where pipes can be laid in bentonic mud to hold the walls of the trench.
  • DE-A-2 905 146 describes a process for installing underground pipes which consists in digging a trench and then filling it with a thixotropic suspension, for example a bentonite suspension, which makes it possible to support the walls of the trench.
  • a thixotropic suspension for example a bentonite suspension
  • US-A-3 993 192 relates to a system of shims for pipelines which makes it possible to limit the lateral displacement of the pipeline during its installation.
  • the holds are nestable plastic tubs that are filled with a certain amount of soil depending on the pressure that you want to exert on the pipe.
  • the shims described in this document do not have the function of adjusting the altimetry of the pipe.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the following successive operations: a) Construction of a trench at a width 1 and at a depth P and assembly between them of the pipe elements at the bottom of the trench. b) Installation and altimetric adjustment of stops capable of controlling the movement of the assembled pipe elements. c) Backfilling of said trench at a height H with a thixotropic material in the ground state, so as to raise the pipe elements under the effect of Archimedes' push. d) Removal of the stops when the thixotropic material is in the gel state, the pipe elements remaining stationary. e) Possible additional backfilling of the trench.
  • the width of trench 1 is determined as a function of the outside diameter of the pipe: 1 is equal to the outside diameter of the added pipe of 200 mm in the case where there is no shielding and 450 mm when the shielding is provided . 1 is then optionally rounded to the nearest decimeter.
  • the outside diameter of the pipe is the outside diameter at the collar.
  • shielding is meant a removable protection housed along the walls of the trench and making it possible to ensure the safety of the men working in the bottom of the trench. This shielding is compulsory if the depth of the trench is greater than 1350 mm.
  • the width of the trench is imposed by the data in the booklet n ° 70 of the General Technical Specifications applicable to public works contracts voted by decree n ° 92-72 of January 16, 1992.
  • This width is the sum of outside diameter of the pipe and a constant equal to 800 mm for any diameter less than or equal to 600 mm and equal to 1000 mm for any diameter greater than 600 mm.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the excavation width from 350 to 800 mm compared to the excavation width in accordance with the specifications of booklet no. 70.
  • the stops are plates, preferably metallic, which have a light opening at the bottom of the plate, oriented towards the bottom of the trench, the width of said light corresponding substantially to the outside diameter of the pipe elements.
  • the bottom of the lumen is semi-circular in shape and has a diameter substantially corresponding to the outside diameter of the pipe elements. The height of the light is greater than the outside diameter of the pipe elements.
  • the spacing between the stops is determined according to the characteristics of the pipe elements, namely inside diameter, outside diameter and density, and according to the weight of each stop.
  • the reaction exerted on each stopper is at least equal to the difference between the Archimedes thrust exerted by the thixotropic material on the pipe elements and the weight of said pipe elements.
  • the backfilling of the trench is then carried out in one or more times up to the road reconstruction base.
  • the backfill material must be poured into the trench to a minimum height previously determined by a theoretical calculation.
  • Archimedes' thrust expressed in kg / ml (kilogram per linear meter) is the product of the volume displaced by the density of the fill material.
  • the weight of the pipe being known, the wetted section for which there is equilibrium between the buoyancy and the weight of the pipe is the ratio of the pipe to the density of the fill material.
  • the beta coefficient is the ratio of the wetted section to the square of the outside diameter of the pipe. From the hydraulic relationships given in tables, we deduce from the beta coefficient the height for which there is equilibrium between the weight of the pipe and the buoyancy. The stop to be exercised, if the pipe is flooded, is equal to the difference between the buoyancy and the weight of the pipe.
  • the minimum quantity of backfill material to be used during the first backfill step is such that the height reached is greater than the equilibrium height calculated as explained above.
  • the pipes are submerged up to the upper generator of the pipe.
  • the backfilling of the trench is compartmentalized by the stops; it is therefore carried out in several stages.
  • the last portion of non-backfilled pipes can curve without dislocation.
  • the joints between pipes allow only an angle of 4 ° without dislocation; it is therefore necessary to check that the reservation under the pipe does not exceed, for example 17 cm for a 2.4 m hose and 20 cm for a 3 m hose.
  • the pipe goes up to the stops under the effect of the Archimedes' push exerted by the backfill material.
  • An additional backfill is possibly carried out with the thixotropic material up to the base of reconstitution of the roadway.
  • the thixotropic material can be a concrete comprising: aggregates with a maximum diameter of less than 20 mm, for example silico-aluminous fly ash, a binder representing 2 to 6% of the dry weight of the aggregates, a hydro-reducing agent, for example natural or synthetic fibers, in particular acrylic polymer fibers, representing 0.05 to 0.15% of the dry weight of the aggregates.
  • the water / cement ratio of this concrete is of the order of 5 to 12.
  • the thixotropic material according to the invention advantageously comprising aggregates consisting of silico-aluminous fly ash ensures excellent sealing of the assembly formed by the pipe and said thixotropic material.
  • a thixotropic material with a density between 12 kN / m 3 and 20 kN / m 3 , having a sagging cone (measured according to standard NF-P18-451) of the order of 15 cm to the soil condition, an immediate bearing index (measured after 24 hours and according to standard NF-P94-078) greater than a value of 10 hours and a resistance over time (measured according to standard NF-P98-232.1) of the order 1 MPa, after final setting.
  • the thixotropic material according to the present invention hardens in about 2 hours.
  • PVC pipes have an outside diameter of 400 mm.
  • the depth of the trench is 1.20 m.
  • the laying bed is spread over a thickness of 0.1 m, then adjusted and compacted.
  • the pipe elements are assembled and adjusted in altimetry at the bottom of the trench.
  • the coating of the pipe is carried out in successive layers, up to 0.1 m above the upper generator of the pipe, by a man present in the bottom of the trench.
  • the backfill is then carried out to the coast - 0.40 m of reconstruction of the roadway, i.e. a volume of 1.13 m 3 / ml.
  • the repair of the roadway represents a volume of 0.50 m 3 / ml for the base layers and 170 kg / ml of asphalt for the wearing course in 5 cm thickness.
  • the width of the trench is 600 mm, ie a cut volume of 0.78 m 3 / ml.
  • the pipes are assembled at the bottom of the trench.
  • the backfilling is carried out to the pavement reconstruction coast in one or more times for a total volume equal to 0.41 m / ml, the repair of the pavement representing a volume of 0.20 m 3 / ml for the seat layers and 75 kg / ml for the 5 cm thick wearing course.
  • the method according to the invention therefore allows a saving of 0.97 m 3 / ml of cuttings, 0.72 m 3 / ml of fill, 0.3 m 3 / ml for the reconstitution of the base layer of the pavement, and 95 kg / ml of asphalt for the wearing course, that is to say a material saving of between 55 and 60%.
  • Example 2 90A concrete pipe laying
  • the 90A concrete pipes have an outside diameter of 500 mm.
  • the depth of the trench is 2.50 m. Shielding is mandatory.
  • the trench is made over a width of 1.45 m and a depth of 2.5 m, which corresponds to a cut volume equal to 3.9 m 3 / ml.
  • the laying bed is 0.145 m 3 / ml and the pavement reconstruction fill 2.73 m 3 / ml.
  • the repair of the roadway represents a volume of 0.53 m 3 / ml for the base layers, and 180 kg / ml of asphalt for the wearing course in 5 cm thickness.
  • the width of the trench that includes the armor is the width of the trench that includes the armor.
  • the backfilling is carried out to the pavement reconstruction coast in one or more times for a total volume equal to 2.11 m 3 / ml, and the road restoration is carried out for a volume of 0.39 m 3 / ml for the base layers and 137 kg / ml of asphalt for the wearing course in 5 cm thickness.
  • the process according to the invention therefore allows a saving of 1.04 m 3 / ml of cuttings, 0.64 m 3 / ml of fill, 0.14 m 3 / ml for the reconstitution of the foundation layers of the roadway, and 43 kg / ml of mixes for the wearing course, that is to say a material saving of approximately 25%.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a pipe fitting and trench filling method by means of one or several underpours of a thixotropic material comprising the following successive steps: a) digging a trench or length l and depth P and assembling together pipe elements at the bottom of the trench; b) setting and altimetric adjusting of stops for controlling the displacement of the assembled pipe elements; c) filling up said trench to a height H with a material thixotropic to the state of the soil so as to bring the pipes up by the effect of buoyancy; d) removing the stops when the thixotrope material has gelled, the pipe elements remaining fixed; e) optional complementary filling up of the trench.

Description

« PROCEDE DE POSE DE TUYAUX »"PIPE LAYING PROCESS"
La présente invention concerne un procédé de pose de tuyaux et le remblaiement de tranchée par une ou plusieurs coulées d' un matériau thixotrope .The present invention relates to a method of laying pipes and backfilling trenches with one or more flows of a thixotropic material.
La pose de tuyau et le remblaiement de tranchée par des procédés classiques sont source de contraintes liées à la sécurité des hommes dont la présence dans le fond de la tranchée est nécessaire pour la mise en place des tuyaux, à la qualité de pose, notamment l'épaisseur et la qualité de compactage du lit de pose et à la qualité de l'enrobage du tuyau.Pipe laying and trench backfilling by conventional methods are a source of constraints related to the safety of men whose presence in the bottom of the trench is necessary for the installation of pipes, to the quality of laying, in particular the thickness and quality of compaction of the bedding and the quality of the pipe coating.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet d'éviter ces contraintes grâce à la suppression du lit de pose, à la suppression du réglage du tuyau au fond de la tranchée, grâce à un parfait enrobage du tuyau et à un bonne résistance du matériau de remblaiement qui reste toutefois piochable dans le temps.The method according to the invention makes it possible to avoid these constraints thanks to the elimination of the laying bed, to the elimination of the adjustment of the pipe at the bottom of the trench, thanks to a perfect coating of the pipe and to a good resistance of the backfill material. which remains drawable over time.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet avantageusement de creuser la tranchée sur une largeur inférieure aux normes imposées, de s'affranchir du réglage altimétrique des tuyaux dans le fond de la tranchée avant le remblaiement. En conséquence, ceci permet de réaliser des économies de matériaux, et pour le personnel, de diminuer les risques, la pénibilité et la durée du travail .The method according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to dig the trench over a width less than the standards imposed, to overcome the altimetric adjustment of the pipes in the bottom of the trench before backfilling. Consequently, this makes it possible to save materials, and for the personnel, to reduce the risks, the arduousness and the duration of the work.
Ledit procédé est basé sur l'utilisation des propriétés de la poussée d'Archimède et du caractère thixotrope du matériau de remblaiement. Les procédés de pose de tuyau utilisant les propriétés de la poussée d'Archimède sont connus, en particulier dans les terrains marécageux, où les tuyaux peuvent être posés dans une boue bentonique afin de tenir les parois de la tranchée .Said method is based on the use of the properties of the Archimedes thrust and of the thixotropic nature of the backfill material. Pipe laying methods using the properties of Archimedes' thrust are known, in particular in marshy terrain, where pipes can be laid in bentonic mud to hold the walls of the trench.
DE-A-2 905 146 décrit un procédé d' installation de conduites souterraines qui consiste à creuser une tranchée puis à la remplir d'une suspension thixotrope, par exemple une suspension de bentonite, qui permet de soutenir les parois de la tranchée.DE-A-2 905 146 describes a process for installing underground pipes which consists in digging a trench and then filling it with a thixotropic suspension, for example a bentonite suspension, which makes it possible to support the walls of the trench.
Une fois la suspension versée, les tuyaux sont mis en place au fond de la tranchée. Le procédé décrit s'affranchit de tout réglage altimétrique et n'utilise pas les propriétés de la poussée d'Archimède.Once the suspension is poured, the pipes are put in place at the bottom of the trench. The process described is free from any altimetric adjustment and does not use the properties of Archimedes' thrust.
US-A-3 993 192 porte sur un système de cales pour oléoduc qui permet de limiter le déplacement latéral de la canalisation pendant son installation. Les cales sont des bacs plastiques emboîtables que l'on remplit d'une certaine quantité de terre en fonction de la pression que l'on souhaite exercer sur la canalisation. Les cales décrites dans ce document n'ont pas pour fonction le réglage altimétrique de la canalisation.US-A-3 993 192 relates to a system of shims for pipelines which makes it possible to limit the lateral displacement of the pipeline during its installation. The holds are nestable plastic tubs that are filled with a certain amount of soil depending on the pressure that you want to exert on the pipe. The shims described in this document do not have the function of adjusting the altimetry of the pipe.
Le procédé selon l'invention comprend les opérations successives suivantes : a) Réalisation d'une tranchée à une largeur 1 et à une profondeur P et assemblage entre eux des éléments de tuyaux au fond de la tranchée. b) Mise en place et réglage altimétrique de butées aptes à contrôler le déplacement des éléments de tuyaux assemblés . c) Remblaiement de ladite tranchée à une hauteur H avec un matériau thixotrope à l'état de sol, de façon à faire remonter les éléments de tuyaux sous l'effet de la poussée d'Archimède. d) Retrait des butées lorsque le matériau thixotrope est à l'état de gel, les éléments de tuyaux restant immobiles . e) Eventuel remblaiement complémentaire de la tranchée .The method according to the invention comprises the following successive operations: a) Construction of a trench at a width 1 and at a depth P and assembly between them of the pipe elements at the bottom of the trench. b) Installation and altimetric adjustment of stops capable of controlling the movement of the assembled pipe elements. c) Backfilling of said trench at a height H with a thixotropic material in the ground state, so as to raise the pipe elements under the effect of Archimedes' push. d) Removal of the stops when the thixotropic material is in the gel state, the pipe elements remaining stationary. e) Possible additional backfilling of the trench.
La largeur de tranchée 1 est déterminée en fonction du diamètre extérieur du tuyau : 1 est égale au diamètre extérieur du tuyau ajouté de 200 mm dans le cas où l'on ne prévoit pas de blindage et de 450 mm lorsque l'on prévoit des blindages. 1 est ensuite éventuellement arrondie au décimètre le plus proche.The width of trench 1 is determined as a function of the outside diameter of the pipe: 1 is equal to the outside diameter of the added pipe of 200 mm in the case where there is no shielding and 450 mm when the shielding is provided . 1 is then optionally rounded to the nearest decimeter.
Dans le cas d'un tuyau en béton, le diamètre extérieur du tuyau est le diamètre extérieur au collet. On entend par blindage une protection amovible se logeant le long des parois de la tranchée et permettant d'assurer la sécurité des hommes travaillant dans le fond de la tranchée. Ce blindage est obligatoire si la profondeur de la tranchée est supérieure à 1350 mm.In the case of a concrete pipe, the outside diameter of the pipe is the outside diameter at the collar. By shielding is meant a removable protection housed along the walls of the trench and making it possible to ensure the safety of the men working in the bottom of the trench. This shielding is compulsory if the depth of the trench is greater than 1350 mm.
Selon une pose classique, la largeur de tranchée est imposée par les données du fascicule n°70 du Cahier des clauses Techniques Générales applicables aux marchés publics de travaux voté par décret n° 92-72 du 16 janvier 1992. Cette largeur est la somme du diamètre extérieur du tuyau et d'une constante égale à 800 mm pour tout diamètre inférieur ou égal à 600 mm et égale à 1000 mm pour tout diamètre supérieur à 600 mm.According to a conventional installation, the width of the trench is imposed by the data in the booklet n ° 70 of the General Technical Specifications applicable to public works contracts voted by decree n ° 92-72 of January 16, 1992. This width is the sum of outside diameter of the pipe and a constant equal to 800 mm for any diameter less than or equal to 600 mm and equal to 1000 mm for any diameter greater than 600 mm.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet de réduire la largeur de fouille de 350 à 800 mm par rapport à la largeur de fouille conforme aux spécifications du fascicule n°70. Une fois la tranchée réalisée, les éléments de tuyaux sont assemblés dans le fond de la tranchée et au moins trois butées sont mises en place dans la tranchée. Ces butées sont positionnées par réglage altimétrique, puis calées sur les parois latérales de la tranchée. Elles viennent coiffer les éléments de tuyaux interdisant leurs déplacements latéraux et limitant leurs déplacements verticaux ascendants.The method according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the excavation width from 350 to 800 mm compared to the excavation width in accordance with the specifications of booklet no. 70. Once the trench has been made, the pipe elements are assembled in the bottom of the trench and at least three stops are put in place in the trench. These stops are positioned by altimetric adjustment, then wedged on the side walls of the trench. They cover the pipe elements preventing their lateral movements and limiting their upward vertical movements.
Les butées sont des plaques , de préférence métalliques, qui comportent une lumière débouchant à la partie inférieure de la plaque, orientée vers le fond de la tranchée, la largeur de ladite lumière correspondant sensiblement au diamètre extérieur des éléments de tuyaux. Le fond de la lumière est de forme hémi- circulaire et présente un diamètre correspondant sensiblement au diamètre extérieur des éléments de tuyaux. La hauteur de la lumière est supérieure au diamètre extérieur des éléments de tuyaux.The stops are plates, preferably metallic, which have a light opening at the bottom of the plate, oriented towards the bottom of the trench, the width of said light corresponding substantially to the outside diameter of the pipe elements. The bottom of the lumen is semi-circular in shape and has a diameter substantially corresponding to the outside diameter of the pipe elements. The height of the light is greater than the outside diameter of the pipe elements.
L'espacement entre les butées est déterminé en fonction des caractéristiques des éléments de tuyaux, à savoir diamètre intérieur, diamètre extérieur et masse volumique, et en fonction du poids de chaque butée.The spacing between the stops is determined according to the characteristics of the pipe elements, namely inside diameter, outside diameter and density, and according to the weight of each stop.
La réaction exercée sur chaque butée est au moins égale à la différence entre la poussée d'Archimède exercée par le matériau thixotrope sur les éléments de tuyau et le poids desdits éléments de tuyau.The reaction exerted on each stopper is at least equal to the difference between the Archimedes thrust exerted by the thixotropic material on the pipe elements and the weight of said pipe elements.
Le remblaiement de la tranchée est ensuite réalisé en une ou plusieurs fois jusqu'à la base de reconstitution de chaussée. Le matériau de remblaiement doit être coulé dans la tranchée jusqu'à une hauteur minimale préalablement déterminée par un calcul théorique. On calcule le volume déplacé en supposant le tuyau noyé. La poussée d'Archimède exprimée en kg/ml (kilogramme par mètre linéaire) est le produit du volume déplacé par la densité du matériau de remblaiement. Le poids du tuyau étant connu, la section mouillée pour laquelle il y a équilibre entre la poussée d'Archimède et le poids du tuyau est le rapport du tuyau à la densité du matériau de remblaiement.The backfilling of the trench is then carried out in one or more times up to the road reconstruction base. The backfill material must be poured into the trench to a minimum height previously determined by a theoretical calculation. One calculates the displaced volume by supposing the flooded pipe. Archimedes' thrust expressed in kg / ml (kilogram per linear meter) is the product of the volume displaced by the density of the fill material. The weight of the pipe being known, the wetted section for which there is equilibrium between the buoyancy and the weight of the pipe is the ratio of the pipe to the density of the fill material.
Le coefficient bêta est le rapport de la section mouillée au carré du diamètre extérieur du tuyau. A partir des relations hydrauliques données dans des tables, on déduit du coefficient bêta la hauteur pour laquelle il y a équilibre entre le poids du tuyau et la poussée d'Archimède. La butée à exercer, si le tuyau est noyé, est égale à la différence entre la poussée d'Archimède et le poids du tuyau.The beta coefficient is the ratio of the wetted section to the square of the outside diameter of the pipe. From the hydraulic relationships given in tables, we deduce from the beta coefficient the height for which there is equilibrium between the weight of the pipe and the buoyancy. The stop to be exercised, if the pipe is flooded, is equal to the difference between the buoyancy and the weight of the pipe.
La quantité minimale de matériau de remblaiement à utiliser au cours de la première étape de remblaiement est telle que la hauteur atteinte est supérieure à la hauteur d'équilibre calculée comme expliqué ci-dessus. En outre, dans un soucis de sécurité, les tuyaux sont noyés jusqu'à la génératrice supérieure du tuyau.The minimum quantity of backfill material to be used during the first backfill step is such that the height reached is greater than the equilibrium height calculated as explained above. In addition, for safety reasons, the pipes are submerged up to the upper generator of the pipe.
Le remblaiement de la tranchée est compartimenté par les butées ; on 1 ' effectue donc en plusieurs fois. Dans le cas de tuyaux souples, la dernière portion de tuyaux non remblayée peut s'incurver sans déboîtement. Par contre, dans le cas de tuyaux rigides comme les tuyaux en béton, les joints entre tuyaux permettent seulement un angle de 4° sans déboîtement; il y a donc lieu de vérifier que la réservation sous le tuyau n'excède pas, par exemple 17 cm pour un tuyau de 2,4 m et 20 cm pour un tuyau de 3 m.The backfilling of the trench is compartmentalized by the stops; it is therefore carried out in several stages. In the case of flexible pipes, the last portion of non-backfilled pipes can curve without dislocation. On the other hand, in the case of rigid pipes such as concrete pipes, the joints between pipes allow only an angle of 4 ° without dislocation; it is therefore necessary to check that the reservation under the pipe does not exceed, for example 17 cm for a 2.4 m hose and 20 cm for a 3 m hose.
Le tuyau remonte jusqu'aux butées sous l'effet de la poussée d'Archimède exercée par le matériau de remblaiement.The pipe goes up to the stops under the effect of the Archimedes' push exerted by the backfill material.
Un remblaiement complémentaire est éventuellement effectué avec le matériau thixotrope jusqu'à la base de reconstitution de la chaussée.An additional backfill is possibly carried out with the thixotropic material up to the base of reconstitution of the roadway.
Le matériau thixotrope peut être un béton comprenant : des granulats de diamètre maximal inférieur à 20 mm, par exemple des cendres volantes silico- alumineuses, un liant représentant 2 à 6 % du poids sec des granulats, un agent hydro-réducteur, par exemple des fibres naturelles ou synthétiques, en particulier des fibres polymères acryliques, représentant 0,05 à 0,15 % du poids sec des granulats. Le rapport eau/ciment de ce béton est de l'ordre de 5 à 12.The thixotropic material can be a concrete comprising: aggregates with a maximum diameter of less than 20 mm, for example silico-aluminous fly ash, a binder representing 2 to 6% of the dry weight of the aggregates, a hydro-reducing agent, for example natural or synthetic fibers, in particular acrylic polymer fibers, representing 0.05 to 0.15% of the dry weight of the aggregates. The water / cement ratio of this concrete is of the order of 5 to 12.
Le matériau thixotrope selon l'invention comprenant avantageusement des granulats constitués de cendres volantes silico-alumineuses assure une excellente étanchéité de l'ensemble constitué par le tuyau et ledit matériau thixotrope.The thixotropic material according to the invention advantageously comprising aggregates consisting of silico-aluminous fly ash ensures excellent sealing of the assembly formed by the pipe and said thixotropic material.
Des essais d' étanchéité ont été réalisés sur des tuyaux de longueur 5 m et de diamètre 400 mm perforés d'un ou de deux trous de 4 mm de diamètre, après remblaiement de la tranchée avec le matériau thixotrope selon l'invention et avec un sable 0/4 calcaire. La pression minimale à obtenir à l'essai QUEBEC est de 17 kPa au bout de 42 s. Les résultats de ces essais montrent que le matériau thixotrope selon l'invention garantit une étanchéitéité parfaite alors que le sable 0/4 calcaire donne un résultat largement hors tolérance.Sealing tests were carried out on pipes of length 5 m and diameter 400 mm perforated with one or two holes of 4 mm in diameter, after backfilling the trench with the thixotropic material according to the invention and with a 0/4 limestone sand. The minimum pressure to obtain in the QUEBEC test is 17 kPa after 42 s. The results of these tests show that the thixotropic material according to the invention guarantees a perfect seal while the 0/4 calcareous sand gives a result largely out of tolerance.
Lesdits résultats permettent d'envisager la mise en oeuvre du procédé de pose de tuyaux selon l'invention en réseau d'eaux usées dans des environnements à protéger comme les zones de champs captants d'eau potable.Said results make it possible to envisage the implementation of the method of laying pipes according to the invention in a wastewater network in environments to be protected such as the areas of drinking water catchment fields.
On choisira de préférence un matériau thixotrope de poids volumique compris entre 12 kN/m3 et 20 kN/m3, présentant un affaissement au cône (mesuré selon la norme NF-P18-451) de l'ordre de 15 cm à l'état de sol , un indice portant immédiat (mesuré après 24 heures et selon la norme NF-P94-078) supérieur à une valeur de 10 heures et une résistance à terme (mesuré selon la norme NF-P98-232.1) de l'ordre de 1 MPa, après prise définitive.We will preferably choose a thixotropic material with a density between 12 kN / m 3 and 20 kN / m 3 , having a sagging cone (measured according to standard NF-P18-451) of the order of 15 cm to the soil condition, an immediate bearing index (measured after 24 hours and according to standard NF-P94-078) greater than a value of 10 hours and a resistance over time (measured according to standard NF-P98-232.1) of the order 1 MPa, after final setting.
Le matériau thixotrope selon la présente invention durcit en 2 heures environ.The thixotropic material according to the present invention hardens in about 2 hours.
Les exemples suivants illustrent l'invention sans en limiter le portée.The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting its scope.
Exemple 1 : Pose de tuyaux en PVCExample 1: Laying PVC pipes
Les tuyaux PVC ont un diamètre extérieur de 400 mm. La profondeur de la tranchée est de 1,20 m. Pose classique conformément au fascicule n°70 : La tranchée est réalisée sur une largeur de 1,35 m et une profondeur de 1,20 m plus 0,1 m pour le lit de pose, ce qui correspond à un volume de déblai égale à 1,75 m3/ml (mètre cube par mètre linéaire) . Le lit de pose est répandu sur une épaisseur de 0,1 m, puis réglé et compacté. Les éléments de tuyaux sont assemblés et réglés en altimétrie au fond de la tranchée. L'enrobage du tuyau est effectué par couches successives, jusqu'à 0,1 m au dessus de la génératrice supérieure du tuyau, par un homme présent dans le fond de la tranchée. Le remblai est ensuite effectué jusqu'à la côte -0,40 m de reconstitution de la chaussée, soit un volume de 1,13 m3/ml . La réfection de la chaussée représente un volume de 0,50 m3/ml pour les couches d'assise et 170 kg/ml d'enrobés pour la couche de roulement en 5 cm d' épaisseur.PVC pipes have an outside diameter of 400 mm. The depth of the trench is 1.20 m. Conventional laying in accordance with booklet n ° 70: The trench is made over a width of 1.35 m and a depth of 1.20 m plus 0.1 m for the laying bed, which corresponds to a volume of cut equal to 1.75 m 3 / ml (cubic meter per linear meter). The laying bed is spread over a thickness of 0.1 m, then adjusted and compacted. The pipe elements are assembled and adjusted in altimetry at the bottom of the trench. The coating of the pipe is carried out in successive layers, up to 0.1 m above the upper generator of the pipe, by a man present in the bottom of the trench. The backfill is then carried out to the coast - 0.40 m of reconstruction of the roadway, i.e. a volume of 1.13 m 3 / ml. The repair of the roadway represents a volume of 0.50 m 3 / ml for the base layers and 170 kg / ml of asphalt for the wearing course in 5 cm thickness.
Pose selon le procédé de l'invention : La largeur de la tranchée est de 600 mm soit un volume de déblai de 0,78 m3/ml . Après pose des butées métalliques, les tuyaux sont assemblés en fond de tranchée. Le remblaiement est effectué jusqu'à la côte de reconstitution de la chaussée en une ou plusieurs fois pour un volume total égal à 0,41 m /ml , la réfection de la chaussée représentant un volume de 0,20 m3/ml pour les couches d'assise et 75 kg/ml pour la couche de roulement en 5 cm d'épaisseur.Laying according to the method of the invention: The width of the trench is 600 mm, ie a cut volume of 0.78 m 3 / ml. After installing the metal stops, the pipes are assembled at the bottom of the trench. The backfilling is carried out to the pavement reconstruction coast in one or more times for a total volume equal to 0.41 m / ml, the repair of the pavement representing a volume of 0.20 m 3 / ml for the seat layers and 75 kg / ml for the 5 cm thick wearing course.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet donc une économie de 0,97 m3/ml de déblai, 0,72 m3/ml de remblai, 0,3 m3/ml pour la reconstitution de la couche d' assise de la chaussée, et 95 kg/ml d'enrobés pour la couche de roulement, c'est-à-dire une économie de matériau comprise entre 55 et 60%.The method according to the invention therefore allows a saving of 0.97 m 3 / ml of cuttings, 0.72 m 3 / ml of fill, 0.3 m 3 / ml for the reconstitution of the base layer of the pavement, and 95 kg / ml of asphalt for the wearing course, that is to say a material saving of between 55 and 60%.
Exemple 2 ; Pose de tuyaux en béton 90AExample 2; 90A concrete pipe laying
Les tuyaux en béton 90A ont un diamètre extérieur de 500 mm. La profondeur de la tranchée est de 2,50 m. La pose de blindage est obligatoire.The 90A concrete pipes have an outside diameter of 500 mm. The depth of the trench is 2.50 m. Shielding is mandatory.
Pose classique conformément au fascicule nQ70 :Conventional installation in accordance with Leaflet Q 70:
La tranchée est réalisée sur une largeur de 1,45 m et une profondeur de 2,5 m ce qui correspond à un volume de déblai égal à 3,9 m3/ml . Le lit de pose est de 0,145 m3/ml et le remblaiment de reconstitution de la chaussée de 2,73 m3/ml . La réfection de la chaussée représente un volume de 0,53 m3/ml pour les couches d'assise, et 180 kg/ml d'enrobés pour la couche de roulement en 5 cm d'épaisseur.The trench is made over a width of 1.45 m and a depth of 2.5 m, which corresponds to a cut volume equal to 3.9 m 3 / ml. The laying bed is 0.145 m 3 / ml and the pavement reconstruction fill 2.73 m 3 / ml. The repair of the roadway represents a volume of 0.53 m 3 / ml for the base layers, and 180 kg / ml of asphalt for the wearing course in 5 cm thickness.
Pose selon le procédé de l'invention :Installation according to the method of the invention:
La largeur de la tranchée qui inclut le blindage est deThe width of the trench that includes the armor is
1,10 m soit un volume de déblai de 2,86 m3/ml . Le remblaiement est effectué jusqu'à la côte de reconstitution de la chaussée en une ou plusieurs fois pour un volume total égal à 2,11 m3/ml , et la réfection de chaussée est effectuée pour un volume de 0,39 m3/ml pour les couches d'assise et 137 kg/ml d'enrobés pour la couche de roulement en 5 cm d'épaisseur. Le procédé selon l'invention permet donc une économie de 1,04 m3/ml de déblai, 0,64 m3/ml de remblai, 0,14 m3/ml pour la reconstitution des couches d'assise de la chaussée, et 43 kg/ml d'enrobés pour la couche de roulement, c'est-à-dire une économie de matériau d' environ 25% . 1.10 m, i.e. a cut volume of 2.86 m 3 / ml. The backfilling is carried out to the pavement reconstruction coast in one or more times for a total volume equal to 2.11 m 3 / ml, and the road restoration is carried out for a volume of 0.39 m 3 / ml for the base layers and 137 kg / ml of asphalt for the wearing course in 5 cm thickness. The process according to the invention therefore allows a saving of 1.04 m 3 / ml of cuttings, 0.64 m 3 / ml of fill, 0.14 m 3 / ml for the reconstitution of the foundation layers of the roadway, and 43 kg / ml of mixes for the wearing course, that is to say a material saving of approximately 25%.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé de pose de tuyaux, caractérisé en ce qu' il comprend les opérations successives suivantes : a) Réalisation d'une tranchée à une largeur 1 et à une profondeur P et assemblage entre eux des éléments de tuyaux au fond de la tranchée. b) Mise en place et réglage altimétrique de butées aptes à contrôler le déplacement des éléments de tuyaux assemblés. c) Remblaiement de ladite tranchée à une hauteur H avec un matériau thixotrope à l'état de sol, de façon à faire remonter les éléments de tuyaux sous l'effet de la poussée d'Archimède. d) Retrait des butées lorsque le matériau thixotrope est à l'état de gel, les éléments de tuyaux restant immobiles . e) Eventuel remblaiement complémentaire de la tranchée . CLAIMS 1. Method for laying pipes, characterized in that it comprises the following successive operations: a) Making a trench at a width 1 and at a depth P and assembling between them pipe elements at the bottom of the trench . b) Installation and altimetric adjustment of stops capable of controlling the movement of the assembled pipe elements. c) Backfilling of said trench at a height H with a thixotropic material in the ground state, so as to raise the pipe elements under the effect of Archimedes' push. d) Removal of the stops when the thixotropic material is in the gel state, the pipe elements remaining stationary. e) Possible additional backfilling of the trench.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la largeur 1 est égale au diamètre extérieur du tuyau ajouté de 200 mm, en l'absence de blindage.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the width 1 is equal to the outside diameter of the added pipe of 200 mm, in the absence of shielding.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la largeur 1 est égale au diamètre extérieur du tuyau ajouté de 450 mm lorsque l'on prévoit des blindages .3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the width 1 is equal to the outside diameter of the added pipe of 450 mm when providing shields.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les butées viennent coiffer les éléments de tuyaux interdisant leurs déplacements latéraux et limitant leurs déplacements verticaux ascendants. 4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stops come over the pipe elements preventing their lateral movements and limiting their upward vertical movements.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les butées sont des plaques, de préférence métalliques, qui comportent une lumière débouchant à la partie inférieure de la plaque, orientée vers le fond de la tranchée, la largeur de ladite lumière correspondant sensiblement au diamètre extérieur des éléments de tuyaux.5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stops are plates, preferably metallic, which have a light opening at the bottom of the plate, oriented towards the bottom of the trench, the width of said light substantially corresponding to the outside diameter of the pipe elements.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le fond de la lumière est de forme hémi-circulaire et présente un diamètre correspondant sensiblement au diamètre extérieur des éléments de tuyaux.6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the bottom of the lumen is semi-circular in shape and has a diameter corresponding substantially to the outside diameter of the pipe elements.
7. Procédé selon les revendications 5 et 6, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur de la lumière h est supérieure au diamètre extérieur des éléments de tuyaux.7. Method according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the height of the light h is greater than the outer diameter of the pipe elements.
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que H est telle que la lumière des butées est noyée dans le matériau thixotrope. 8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that H is such that the light of the stops is embedded in the thixotropic material.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de butées mises en place est supérieur ou égal à trois.9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of stops put in place is greater than or equal to three.
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'espacement entre les butées est déterminé en fonction des caractéristiques des éléments de tuyaux, à savoir diamètre intérieur, diamètre extérieur et masse volumique, et en fonction du poids de chaque butée. 10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacing between the stops is determined according to the characteristics of the pipe elements, namely internal diameter, external diameter and density, and according to the weight of each stop.
11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la réaction exercée sur chaque butée est au moins égale à la différence entre la poussée d'Archimède exercée par le matériau thixotrope sur les éléments de tuyau et le poids desdits éléments de tuyau.11. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reaction exerted on each stop is at least equal to the difference between the Archimedes thrust exerted by the thixotropic material on the pipe elements and the weight of said pipe elements.
12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, après réglage altimétrique, les butées sont calées sur les parois latérales de la tranchée.12. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, after altimetric adjustment, the stops are wedged on the side walls of the trench.
13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le remblaiement de la tranchée est réalisé en une ou plusieurs fois jusqu'à la base de reconstitution de chaussée.13. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the backfilling of the trench is carried out in one or more times up to the road reconstruction base.
14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau thixotrope est un béton.14. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thixotropic material is a concrete.
15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le béton comprend : des granulats de diamètre maximal inférieur à 20 mm, - un liant représentant 2 à 6 % du poids sec des granulats , un agent hydro-réducteur représentant 0,05 à 0,15 % du poids sec des granulats.15. The method of claim 14, characterized in that the concrete comprises: aggregates of maximum diameter less than 20 mm, - a binder representing 2 to 6% of the dry weight of the aggregates, a water-reducing agent representing 0.05 to 0.15% of the dry weight of the aggregates.
16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les granulats sont constitués de cendres volantes silico-alumineuses .16. The method of claim 15, characterized in that the aggregates consist of silico-aluminous fly ash.
17. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 15 et 16, caractérisé en ce que le rapport eau/ciment est compris entre 5 et 12. 17. Method according to one of claims 15 and 16, characterized in that the water / cement ratio is between 5 and 12.
18. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 15 à 17, caractérisé en ce que l'agent hydro-réducteur comprend des fibres naturelles ou synthétiques , en particulier des fibres polymères acryliques.18. Method according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the hydro-reducing agent includes natural or synthetic fibers, in particular acrylic polymer fibers.
19. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau thixotrope a un poids volumique compris entre 12 kN/m3 et 20 kN/m3.19. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thixotropic material has a density between 12 kN / m 3 and 20 kN / m 3 .
20. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau thixotrope présente : - un affaissement au cône de l'ordre de 15 cm à l'état de sol, un indice portant immédiat supérieur à une valeur de 10 heures, mesuré après 24 heures.20. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thixotropic material has: - a sagging of the cone of the order of 15 cm in the soil state, an immediate bearing index greater than a value of 10 hours, measured after 24 hours.
21. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau thixotrope durcit en 2 heures environ et présente une résistance à terme de l'ordre de 1 MPa, après prise définitive. 21. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thixotropic material hardens in approximately 2 hours and has a long-term resistance of the order of 1 MPa, after final setting.
EP98902075A 1997-01-16 1998-01-14 Method for fitting pipes Expired - Lifetime EP1007795B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9700395A FR2758378B1 (en) 1997-01-16 1997-01-16 PIPE LAYING PROCESS
FR9700395 1997-01-16
PCT/FR1998/000060 WO1998031880A1 (en) 1997-01-16 1998-01-14 Method for fitting pipes

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EP1007795A1 true EP1007795A1 (en) 2000-06-14
EP1007795B1 EP1007795B1 (en) 2002-04-24

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FR2830269B1 (en) 2001-09-28 2004-07-09 Eurovia Man PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SELF-COMPACTING FILL, SELF-COMPACTING FILL AND THE USE THEREOF
FR2851316B1 (en) * 2003-02-13 2007-04-20 Gaz De France METHOD FOR INSTALLATION OF TUBULAR BLEEDING ELEMENTS AND PREPARATION OF MORTAR FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
BE1021367B1 (en) * 2013-02-06 2015-11-06 Etablissements Hublet REEXCAVABLE AUTOCOMPACTANT FILLER.
FR3101648B1 (en) 2019-10-04 2021-11-26 Greffet Ditch cleaner device with special technology for capturing and lifting all types and constituents of soil and sludge, adaptable to a tractor with a maximum power of 100hp for use on narrow and winding roads.

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GB1392931A (en) * 1971-08-14 1975-05-07 Holroyd L M Laying of pipes
DE2437012C3 (en) * 1974-08-01 1979-08-09 Gewerkschaft Eisenhuette Westfalia, 4670 Luenen Device for laying a pipe string in a trench, especially in water-bearing soils
US3993192A (en) * 1975-11-10 1976-11-23 Christopher Brian Bunn Pipeline weight container and method
IT1091898B (en) * 1977-01-26 1985-07-06 Soletanche IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INSTALLATION OF UNDERGROUND DUCTS
DE2905146A1 (en) * 1979-02-10 1980-08-21 Rolf Stahn Buried pipe and conduit laying - using concrete around pipe on trench bottom and fill of bentonite or stopper suspension
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GB9018927D0 (en) * 1990-08-30 1990-10-17 Seamark Systems Subsea pipeline protection

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EP1007795B1 (en) 2002-04-24
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WO1998031880A1 (en) 1998-07-23
FR2758378B1 (en) 1999-04-02
CA2278224A1 (en) 1998-07-23
CZ9902506A3 (en) 2001-01-17
ES2173566T3 (en) 2002-10-16
CZ297610B6 (en) 2007-02-14

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