EP1004779A2 - Method and device for gas supply and recuperation - Google Patents

Method and device for gas supply and recuperation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1004779A2
EP1004779A2 EP99122145A EP99122145A EP1004779A2 EP 1004779 A2 EP1004779 A2 EP 1004779A2 EP 99122145 A EP99122145 A EP 99122145A EP 99122145 A EP99122145 A EP 99122145A EP 1004779 A2 EP1004779 A2 EP 1004779A2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
pressure
gas
stacking
container
containers
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Granted
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EP99122145A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1004779A3 (en
EP1004779B1 (en
Inventor
Gottfried Hanifl
Ernst Dr.Dipl-Ing. Wandke
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE19940834A external-priority patent/DE19940834A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/14—Energy-recuperation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/043—Methods for emptying or filling by pressure cascade

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for gas supply and gas recovery under Use of a gaseous medium in at least one stacking container is stored under pressure and from the stacking container if necessary via a Pressure converter to a consumer (supply) and from the consumer optionally via a pressure converter to at least one stacking container or passed to another stacking container (recovery).
  • the invention further relates to a device for gas supply and recovery using a gaseous medium comprising at least one stacking container for storing the medium under pressure and one or more connections from to the at least one stacking container, possibly via a pressure converter a consumer (supply) and from the consumer, if necessary, via a Pressure converter to or to another stacking container (recovery).
  • Such methods and devices are used, for example, in gas supply a hot isostatic press and used in high pressure gas quenching.
  • gas supply a hot isostatic press and used in high pressure gas quenching.
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • the gas is mostly in liquid form in a low-temperature storage tank (storage tank) at max. 18 bar stored.
  • a pressure booster and a high pressure evaporator the gas is pumped into a stacking container depending on the required pressure and temperature, the gas from the buffer tank, in which the gas is stored in gaseous form at the required pressure (up to 300 bar) is introduced into the HIP system until the pressure equalization of the two systems. Should however, the pressure in the HIP system must be too low, so the pressure converter must be used The required quantity and pressure of the buffer tank can be pumped in again.
  • the gas is raised by the furnace integrated in the HIP system Heated 1000 ° C, which increases the pressure, for example, to 1000 bar.
  • the pressure in the HIP system is released and returning the gas to the buffer tank until the pressure equalization of the two Systems. Then the gas, which is still in the HIP system is pumped into the buffer. Due to the construction of the pressure transducer there is still residual gas in the HIP system, which is blown off into the open as a loss becomes.
  • Another example is high-pressure gas quenching. With this procedure are annealed (heated) materials, preferably steel, by compressed gases quickly quenched into a hardness structure, then in a follow-up process to be remunerated (tempered) for specific applications. To this quenching process is realized - similar to the example already described for hot isostatic Pressing - a pressure container (consumer) from a stack container Working pressure filled and relaxed to atmospheric pressure after the process.
  • the disadvantages are that the stored in the compressed gas (Pressure) energy is not used or is only used or recovered to a sufficient extent, and the associated high gas losses are present.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of a method and Show device of the type mentioned, which the gas supply and - Improve recovery while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned. It should especially the (pressure) energy - depending on the practical task and the local conditions - as optimal as possible for reducing gas consumption and the necessary external energy.
  • the invention is based on the fact that so far only one stacking container has been replaced through two or more stacking containers, the operating pressures of which are cascaded are.
  • the individual stacking containers can both in their volumes the design can also be adapted to the specific application conditions.
  • stacking container also includes buffer containers detected.
  • a general filling process takes place in that - as in the figure shown - the consumer first from the first container (container 1 has the lowest, container 5 in the figure the highest operating pressure) up to a set first pressure level, which is measured by a sensor.
  • the sensor closes the first container and opens a second container up to one certain pressure. Then this second container is also closed and the next container opened. This sequence continues until the desired one is reached Working pressure continued.
  • handling is carried out in the reverse order. First of all into the container with the next lower actual pressure (e.g. after container 5 in container 4) relaxed and then in the reverse order described. After this The residual gas in the consumer can relax in the first container (container 1) discarded (e.g. relaxed into the atmosphere). The residual gas can also over a cleaning and filtering stage or another use, e.g. one Combustion in a heating system.
  • the storage container (tank) forth, possibly via a pressure booster system, the stacking containers again brought their initial pressure.
  • the amount of gas required for filling up lies well below the amount of gas to be supplied in the prior art. It can vary Technology and design up to 90% gas and up to 95% compression energy be saved.
  • the physical force for gas transport is advantageously determined from the difference of State variables of the medium obtained.
  • the physical force preferably results for gas transport either from a different pressure and / or from different Operating temperature between the containers (also between consumers and stacking containers).
  • means for transferring those present in a gas can be used Pressure energy on the stacking container without mixing this gas with that in the Stacking gas can be provided.
  • the invention can be used in such a way that the pressure of the gas already used via means for (pre) compressing a stacking container of a (suitable) pressure level is used (e.g. by means of an appropriate device).
  • this Means are a balloon arranged in the container or a suitable piston ratio (pneumatic translation).
  • the stacking containers within the scope of the invention can also be piped together Be a bundle of bottles.
  • the liquid gas storage tank (storage tank) may be used to a higher pressure, e.g. 36 bar, designed.
  • This type of filling means that the same stack volume is used without external energy (Buffer size) and more gas into the HIP system at the same pressure conditions depressed than in the previously usual method. It is therefore not in most cases necessary to feed gas through the pressure transducer, but very well if the HIP system has leaks.
  • the temperature gradient is used first the last cascade 5 between the HIP system and the containers maximum pressure of the cascade filled. Then the other cascades filled up to the maximum pressure or until pressure equalization.
  • the cascades can always be filled by the HIP system and do not have to be filled by a pressure transducer. The amount of gas lost from the liquid tank (e.g. at 36 bar) by pressure equalization in the first cascade filled. In most cases, therefore, it is not necessary to fill the Cascades to pump gas into the cascades by increasing the pressure.
  • the steel is quenched in a high-pressure gas plant, a so-called cold chamber, instead of in the generally customary oil bath.
  • a high-pressure gas plant a so-called cold chamber, instead of in the generally customary oil bath.
  • the batch (the workpiece) is transported from the furnace at the annealing temperature into the cold chamber, the cold chamber is closed, with gas, in this case with hydrogen (other gases such as He, N 2 , CO 2 etc. or their mixtures are also conceivable) to 20 bar.
  • gas in this case with hydrogen (other gases such as He, N 2 , CO 2 etc. or their mixtures are also conceivable) to 20 bar.
  • the system was previously covered from a single stacking container with a corresponding pressure difference and expanded into a second stacking container for recycling. The gas in the stacking container is pressed into the first stacking container by means of a compressor for recycling. The remaining amount in the cold chamber must be discarded.
  • the filling-side stacking container is, for example, two stacking containers, for example the first with an operating pressure of up to 20 bar, the second with an operating pressure up to 35 bar.
  • the cold chamber is now covered two-stage, first from the first stacking container, then - sensor and computer controlled - From the second stacking container to operating pressure. Because different here In example 1, the temperature difference between the consumer and the container is missing Emptying only possible in one step, in the first stacking container. So far for the relaxation used stacking container is eliminated. The gas losses and thus the In this case, pressure losses must come from the storage tank (high-pressure tank) the second stacking container are balanced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

Gas supply and recovery process comprises gas passage between a consumer and a cascade of pressure containers at different pressures. An Independent claim is also include for equipment for carrying out the above process.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Gasversorgung und Gasrückgewinnung unter Einsatz eines gasförmigen Mediums, welches in mindestens einem Stapelbehälter unter Druck gespeichert wird und vom Stapelbehälter gegebenenfalls über einen Druckumwandler zu einem Verbraucher (Versorgung) und vom Verbraucher gegebenenfalls über einen Druckumwandler zum mindestens einen Stapelbehälter oder zu einem weiteren Stapelbehälter (Rückgewinnung) geleitet wird.The invention relates to a method for gas supply and gas recovery under Use of a gaseous medium in at least one stacking container is stored under pressure and from the stacking container if necessary via a Pressure converter to a consumer (supply) and from the consumer optionally via a pressure converter to at least one stacking container or passed to another stacking container (recovery).

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Gasversorgung und -rückgewinnung unter Einsatz eines gasförmigen Mediums umfassend mindestens einen Stapelbehälter zur Speicherung des Mediums unter Druck und eine oder mehrere Verbindungen vom dem mindestens einen Stapelbehälter, gegebenenfalls über einen Druckumwandler, zu einem Verbraucher (Versorgung) und vom Verbraucher gegebenenfalls über einen Druckumwandler zu dem oder zu einem weiteren Stapelbehälter (Rückgewinnung).The invention further relates to a device for gas supply and recovery using a gaseous medium comprising at least one stacking container for storing the medium under pressure and one or more connections from to the at least one stacking container, possibly via a pressure converter a consumer (supply) and from the consumer, if necessary, via a Pressure converter to or to another stacking container (recovery).

Derartige Verfahren und Vorrichtungen werden beispielsweise bei der Gasversorgung einer heißisostatischen Presse und beim Hochdruck-Gasabschrecken eingesetzt. Im folgenden wird der Stand der Technik und die Erfindung anhand dieser Anwendungsfälle näher betrachtet.Such methods and devices are used, for example, in gas supply a hot isostatic press and used in high pressure gas quenching. in the The following is the prior art and the invention based on these applications considered in more detail.

Bisher wird beim heißisostatischen Pressen (HIP) durch ein Druckmedium, meist Argon oder Stickstoff, der benötigte Druck in der Presse wie folgt erzeugt:So far, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is usually done using a pressure medium Argon or nitrogen, the required pressure in the press generates as follows:

Das Gas wird meistens in flüssiger Form in einem Tieftemperatur-Lagertank (Speicherbehälter) bei max. 18 bar gelagert. Durch eine Druckerhöhungsanlage und einen Hochdruckverdampfer wird das Gas in den einen Stapelbehälter gepumpt Abhängig vom benötigten Enddruck und der benötigten Temperatur wird das Gas aus dem Pufferbehälter, in dem das Gas gasförmig beim benötigten Druck (bis 300 bar) gespeichert wird, in die HIP-Anlage bis zum Druckausgleich der beiden Systeme eingeleitet. Sollte der Druck in der HIP-Anlage jedoch zu gering sein, so muß über den Druckumwandler Gas vom Pufferbehälter in benötigter Menge und Druck nachgepumpt werden. The gas is mostly in liquid form in a low-temperature storage tank (storage tank) at max. 18 bar stored. Through a pressure booster and a high pressure evaporator the gas is pumped into a stacking container depending on the required pressure and temperature, the gas from the buffer tank, in which the gas is stored in gaseous form at the required pressure (up to 300 bar) is introduced into the HIP system until the pressure equalization of the two systems. Should however, the pressure in the HIP system must be too low, so the pressure converter must be used The required quantity and pressure of the buffer tank can be pumped in again.

Nun wird das Gas durch den in der HIP-Anlage integrierten Ofen beispielsweise auf 1000°C aufgeheizt, wodurch der Druck beispielsweise auf 1000 bar steigt.Now, for example, the gas is raised by the furnace integrated in the HIP system Heated 1000 ° C, which increases the pressure, for example, to 1000 bar.

Sollte es während der Haltezeit zu einem Druckverlust in der HIP-Anlage kommen, wird Gas durch den Druckumwandler nachgepumpt.If there is a pressure loss in the HIP system during the hold time, gas is pumped through the pressure converter.

Nach einer Haltezeit von 1 bis 8 Stunden erfolgt die Druckentlastung der HIP-Anlage und Rückführung des Gases in den Pufferbehälter bis zum Druckausgleich der beiden Systeme. Anschließend wird durch den Druckumwandler das Gas, welches noch in der HIP-Anlage ist, in den Puffer gepumpt. Bedingt durch die Konstruktion des Druckumwandlers bleibt noch Restgas in der HIP-Anlage, welches als Verlust ins Freie abgeblasen wird.After a holding time of 1 to 8 hours, the pressure in the HIP system is released and returning the gas to the buffer tank until the pressure equalization of the two Systems. Then the gas, which is still in the HIP system is pumped into the buffer. Due to the construction of the pressure transducer there is still residual gas in the HIP system, which is blown off into the open as a loss becomes.

Vor Wiederbeginn des Prozesses muß nun die als Verlust ins Freie abgeblasene Gasmenge gegen den fast vollen Pufferdruck nachgepumpt werden.Before restarting the process, the one that has been blown off as a loss must now be released Gas quantity to be pumped against the almost full buffer pressure.

Ein anderes Beispiel liefert das Hochdruck-Gasabschrecken. Bei diesem Verfahren werden geglühte (erhitzte) Werkstoffe, vorzugsweise Stahl, durch komprimierte Gase in kurzer Zeit in ein Härtegefüge abgeschreckt, um dann in einem Nachfolgeprozeß anwendungsspezifisch vergütet (angelassen) zu werden. Um diesen Abschreckvorgang zu realisieren, wird - ähnlich wie im bereits beschriebenen Beispiel beim heißisostatischen Pressen - ein Druckbehälter (Verbraucher) von einem Stapelbehälter auf Arbeitsdruck befüllt und nach dem Prozeß auf Atmosphärendruck entspannt.Another example is high-pressure gas quenching. With this procedure are annealed (heated) materials, preferably steel, by compressed gases quickly quenched into a hardness structure, then in a follow-up process to be remunerated (tempered) for specific applications. To this quenching process is realized - similar to the example already described for hot isostatic Pressing - a pressure container (consumer) from a stack container Working pressure filled and relaxed to atmospheric pressure after the process.

Auch hier sind die Nachteile, daß die in dem komprimierten Gas gespeicherte (Druck-)Energie nicht bzw. nur umzureichend genutzt bzw. zurückgewonnen wird, und die damit verbundenen hohen Gasverluste vorhanden.Again, the disadvantages are that the stored in the compressed gas (Pressure) energy is not used or is only used or recovered to a sufficient extent, and the associated high gas losses are present.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art aufzuzeigen, welche die Gasversorgung und - rückgewinnung unter Vermeidung der erwähnten Nachteile verbessern. Dabei sollte insbesondere die (Druck-)Energie - abhängig von der praktischen Aufgabenstellung und den örtlichen Gegebenheiten - möglichst optimal für die Senkung des Gasverbrauches und der notwendigen Fremdenergie eingesetzt werden. The present invention is therefore based on the object of a method and Show device of the type mentioned, which the gas supply and - Improve recovery while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned. It should especially the (pressure) energy - depending on the practical task and the local conditions - as optimal as possible for reducing gas consumption and the necessary external energy.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 und 10 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche enthalten vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung. Vorteilhafte Anwendungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und/oder Verwendungen der erfindungsgemäßen sind beim heißisostatischen Pressen oder beim Hochdruck-Gasabschrecken gegeben.This object is solved by the features of independent claims 1 and 10. The dependent claims contain advantageous refinements and developments the invention. Advantageous applications of the method according to the invention and / or uses of the invention are in hot isostatic pressing or given with high pressure gas quenching.

Die Erfindung beruht darauf, daß der bislang lediglich eine Stapelbehälter ersetzt wird durch zwei oder mehrere Stapelbehälter, deren Betriebsdrücke kaskadenartig abgestuft sind. Dabei können die einzelnen Stapelbehälter sowohl in ihren Volumina als auch in der Bauform den konkreten Anwendungsbedingungen angepaßt werden.The invention is based on the fact that so far only one stacking container has been replaced through two or more stacking containers, the operating pressures of which are cascaded are. The individual stacking containers can both in their volumes the design can also be adapted to the specific application conditions.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind mit dem Begriff "Stapelbehälter" auch Pufferbehälter erfaßt.Within the scope of the invention, the term “stacking container” also includes buffer containers detected.

Bei der Erfindung werden mehrere Druckbehälter mit kaskadenförmig abgestuftem Betriebsdruck eingesetzt, dergestalt, daß bei einem Befüllvorgang der Enddruck im Verbraucher durch zeitlich abgestimmte Teilfüllvorgänge, gesteuert von dem aktuellen Druck im Verbraucher, erreicht wird. Bei Entleerungsvorgängen wird entsprechend verfahren.In the invention, several pressure vessels are cascaded Operating pressure used, such that the final pressure in a filling process Consumers through timed partial filling processes, controlled by the current one Pressure in the consumer is reached. With emptying processes is accordingly method.

Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt ein allgemeiner Befüllvorgang dadurch, daß - wie in der Figur dargestellt - der Verbraucher zunächst aus dem ersten Behälter (Behälter 1 hat den geringsten, Behälter 5 in der Figur den höchsten Betriebsdruck) bis zu einer eingestellten ersten Druckstufe, die von einem Sensor gemessen wird, gefüllt. Der Sensor schließt den ersten Behälter und öffnet einen zweiten Behälter wiederum bis zu einem bestimmten Druck. Dann wird dieser zweite Behälter ebenfalls geschlossen und der nächste Behälter geöffnet. Diese Abfolge wird bis zum Erreichen des gewünschten Arbeitsdruckes fortgesetzt.According to the invention, a general filling process takes place in that - as in the figure shown - the consumer first from the first container (container 1 has the lowest, container 5 in the figure the highest operating pressure) up to a set first pressure level, which is measured by a sensor. The sensor closes the first container and opens a second container up to one certain pressure. Then this second container is also closed and the next container opened. This sequence continues until the desired one is reached Working pressure continued.

Bei dem Entleeren erfolgt die Handhabung in umgekehrter Reihenfolge. Zunächst wird in den Behälter mit dem nächst niedrigeren Istdruck (z.B. nach Behälter 5 in Behälter 4) entspannt und dann in der beschriebenen umgekehrten Reihenfolge. Nach dem Entspannen in den ersten Behälter (Behälter 1) kann das Restgas im Verbraucher verworfen (z.B. in die Atmosphäre entspannt)) werden. Das Restgas kann auch über eine Reinigungs- und Filtersstufe geleitet oder einer weiteren Nutzung, z.B. einer Verbrennung in einer Heizungsanlage, zugeführt werden.When emptying, handling is carried out in the reverse order. First of all into the container with the next lower actual pressure (e.g. after container 5 in container 4) relaxed and then in the reverse order described. After this The residual gas in the consumer can relax in the first container (container 1) discarded (e.g. relaxed into the atmosphere). The residual gas can also over a cleaning and filtering stage or another use, e.g. one Combustion in a heating system.

Vor einem erneuten Befüll- und Leerungsvorgang werden vom Speicherbehälter (Tank) her, gegebenenfalls über eine Druckerhöhungsanlage, die Stapelbehälter wieder auf ihren Ausgangsdruck gebracht. Die dabei zum Auffüllen notwendige Gasmenge liegt deutlich unter der beim Stand der Technik zuzuführenden Gasmenge. Es kann je nach Technologie und konstruktiver Ausführung bis zu 90 % Gas und bis zu 95 % Kompressionsenergie eingespart werden.Before a new filling and emptying process, the storage container (tank) forth, possibly via a pressure booster system, the stacking containers again brought their initial pressure. The amount of gas required for filling up lies well below the amount of gas to be supplied in the prior art. It can vary Technology and design up to 90% gas and up to 95% compression energy be saved.

Die physikalische Kraft zum Gastransport wird vorteilhafterweise aus der Differenz von Zustandsgrößen des Mediums gewonnen. Bevorzugt resultiert die physikalische Kraft zum Gastransport entweder aus einem unterschiedlichen Druck und/oder aus unterschiedlicher Betriebstemperatur zwischen den Behältern (auch zwischen Verbraucher und Stapelbehälter).The physical force for gas transport is advantageously determined from the difference of State variables of the medium obtained. The physical force preferably results for gas transport either from a different pressure and / or from different Operating temperature between the containers (also between consumers and stacking containers).

Erfindungsgemäß können Mittel zum Übertragen der in einem Gas vorhandenen Druckenergie auf die Stapelbehälter ohne Vermischung dieses Gases mit dem in den Stapelbehältern befindlichen Gas vorgesehen sein. Beispielsweise für den Anwendungsfall, daß das benutze Gas nicht für den Prozeß wiederverwendet werden kann, läßt sich die Erfindung dergestalt nutzen, daß der Druck des bereits benutzten Gases über Mittel zum (Vor-)Komprimieren eines Stapelbehälters einer (geeigneten) Druckstufe benutzt wird (z.B. mittels einer entsprechenden Vorrichtung). Beispiele für diese Mittel sind ein im Behälter angeordneter Ballon oder eine geeignete Kolbenübersetzung (pneumatische Übersetzung).According to the invention, means for transferring those present in a gas can be used Pressure energy on the stacking container without mixing this gas with that in the Stacking gas can be provided. For example, for the use case that the gas used cannot be reused for the process, The invention can be used in such a way that the pressure of the gas already used via means for (pre) compressing a stacking container of a (suitable) pressure level is used (e.g. by means of an appropriate device). Examples of this Means are a balloon arranged in the container or a suitable piston ratio (pneumatic translation).

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, sowohl das Füllen als auch das Leeren computergesteuert zu optimieren.It is particularly advantageous to control both the filling and the emptying by computer to optimize.

Die Stapelbehälter im Rahmen der Erfindung können auch zusammen verrohrte Flaschenbündel sein. Der Flüssiggaslagertank (Speicherbehälter) wird gegebenenfalls auf einen höheren Druck, z.B. 36 bar, ausgelegt.The stacking containers within the scope of the invention can also be piped together Be a bundle of bottles. The liquid gas storage tank (storage tank) may be used to a higher pressure, e.g. 36 bar, designed.

Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand von zwei Beispielen erläutert werden: The invention will be explained in the following using two examples:

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Beispiel 1 betrifft das HIP-Verfahren. Die einzige Figur zeigt schematisch den Aufbau eines solchen Ausführungsbeispieles. Die Betriebsdrücke der einzelnen Stapelbehälter (Pufferbehälter) (Sektionen) sind:

  • 1. Kaskade (Sektion 1) 10 - 50 bar
  • 2. Kaskade (Sektion 2) 10 - 100 bar
  • 3. Kaskade (Sektion 3) 10 - 200 bar
  • 4. Kaskade (Sektion 4) 10 - 200 bar
  • 5. Kaskade (Sektion 5) 10 - 300 bar
    • Example 1 relates to the HIP process. The single figure shows schematically the structure of such an embodiment. The operating pressures of the individual stacking containers (buffer containers) (sections) are:
  • 1st cascade (section 1) 10 - 50 bar
  • 2nd cascade (section 2) 10 - 100 bar
  • 3rd cascade (section 3) 10 - 200 bar
  • 4th cascade (section 4) 10 - 200 bar
  • 5th cascade (section 5) 10 - 300 bar

    • Im folgenden wird die Funktionsweise näher geschildert:The mode of operation is described in more detail below:

    Beim Befüllen der Anlage zum heißisostatischen Pressen (HIP-Anlage) wird zuerst aus der ersten Kaskade Gas entnommen. Durch Differenzdrucküberwachung wird erkannt, wann aus den anderen Kaskaden Gas entnommen werden muß. Dabei ist der Differenzdruck frei wählbar.When filling the system for hot isostatic pressing (HIP system) is off first taken from the first cascade of gas. Differential pressure monitoring detects when gas must be withdrawn from the other cascades. Here is the differential pressure freely selectable.

    Durch diese Art der Befüllung wird ohne Fremdenergie bei gleichem Stapelvolumen (Puffergröße) und bei gleichenm Druckverhältnissen mehr Gas in die HIP-Anlage gedrückt als beim bisher üblichen Verfahren. Es ist daher in den meisten Fällen nicht notwendig, Gas durch den Druckwandler nachzufördern, sehr wohl aber, wenn die HIP-Anlage Leckagen aufweist.This type of filling means that the same stack volume is used without external energy (Buffer size) and more gas into the HIP system at the same pressure conditions depressed than in the previously usual method. It is therefore not in most cases necessary to feed gas through the pressure transducer, but very well if the HIP system has leaks.

    Nach der Haltezeit wird beim Entleeren der HIP-Anlage unter Ausnutzung des Temperaturgefälles zwischen HIP-Anlage und Behältern zuerst die letzte Kaskade 5 auf den maximalen Druck der Kaskade gefüllt. Anschließend werden die weiteren Kaskaden bis zum Maximaldruck oder bis zum Druckausgleich befüllt. Durch diese Art der Befüllung der Kaskaden können die Kaskaden immer durch die HIP-Anlage und müssen nicht durch einen Druckwandler befüllt werden. Die Verlustmenge an Gas wird aus dem Flüssigtank (z.B. mit 36 bar) durch Druckausgleich in die erste Kaskade gefüllt. In den meisten Fällen ist es daher nicht notwendig, nach der Erstbefüllung der Kaskaden, Gas durch die Druckerhöhung in die Kaskaden zu pumpen. After the holding time, when the HIP system is emptied, the temperature gradient is used first the last cascade 5 between the HIP system and the containers maximum pressure of the cascade filled. Then the other cascades filled up to the maximum pressure or until pressure equalization. Through this type of The cascades can always be filled by the HIP system and do not have to be filled by a pressure transducer. The amount of gas lost from the liquid tank (e.g. at 36 bar) by pressure equalization in the first cascade filled. In most cases, therefore, it is not necessary to fill the Cascades to pump gas into the cascades by increasing the pressure.

    Beispiel 2 (nicht dargestellt):Example 2 (not shown):

    Bei einer Wärmebehandlungsanlage wird der Stahl statt in dem allgemein üblichen Ölbad in einer Hochdruck-Gasanlage, einer sog. Kaltkammer abgeschreckt. Entsprechend dem Stand der Technik wird die Charge (das Werkstück) aus dem Ofen mit Glühtemperatur in die Kaltkammer transportiert, die Kaltkammer geschlossen, mit Gas, in diesem Fall mit Wasserstoff (andere Gase wie He, N2, CO2 etc. oder deren Gemische sind ebenfalls denkbar) auf 20 bar bespannt. Entsprechend dem Stand der Technik wurde bisher die Anlage aus einem einzigen Stapelbehälter mit entsprechender Druckdifferenz bespannt und zur Wiederverwertung in einen zweiten Stapelbehälter entspannt. Das Gas im Stapelbehälter wird mittels Kompressor zwecks Wiederverwertung in den ersten Stapelbehälter gedrückt. Die Restmenge in der Kaltkammer muß verworfen werden.In a heat treatment plant, the steel is quenched in a high-pressure gas plant, a so-called cold chamber, instead of in the generally customary oil bath. According to the state of the art, the batch (the workpiece) is transported from the furnace at the annealing temperature into the cold chamber, the cold chamber is closed, with gas, in this case with hydrogen (other gases such as He, N 2 , CO 2 etc. or their mixtures are also conceivable) to 20 bar. In accordance with the state of the art, the system was previously covered from a single stacking container with a corresponding pressure difference and expanded into a second stacking container for recycling. The gas in the stacking container is pressed into the first stacking container by means of a compressor for recycling. The remaining amount in the cold chamber must be discarded.

    Erfindungsgemäß wird der füllseitige Stapelbehälter durch beispielsweise zwei Stapelbehälter, beispielsweise der erste mit einem Betriebsdruck bis 20 bar, der zweite mit einem Betriebsdruck bis 35 bar ersetzt. Die Bespannung der Kaltkammer erfolgt nun zweistufig, zunächst aus dem ersten Stapelbehälter, anschließend - sensor- und computergesteuert - aus dem zweiten Stapelbehälter auf Betriebsdruck. Da hier anders als im Beispiel 1 die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Verbraucher und Behälter fehlt, ist die Leerung nur in einem Teilschritt, in den ersten Stapelbehälter, möglich. Der bisher für die Entspannung eingesetzte Stapelbehälter entfällt. Die Gasverluste und damit die Druckverluste müssen in diesem Fall aus dem Speicherbehälter (Hochdrucktank) in den zweiten Stapelbehälter ausgeglichen werden.According to the invention, the filling-side stacking container is, for example, two stacking containers, for example the first with an operating pressure of up to 20 bar, the second with an operating pressure up to 35 bar. The cold chamber is now covered two-stage, first from the first stacking container, then - sensor and computer controlled - From the second stacking container to operating pressure. Because different here In example 1, the temperature difference between the consumer and the container is missing Emptying only possible in one step, in the first stacking container. So far for the relaxation used stacking container is eliminated. The gas losses and thus the In this case, pressure losses must come from the storage tank (high-pressure tank) the second stacking container are balanced.

    Bei besonders wertvollen Gasen, wie z.B. Helium, hat es sich - unabhängig vom sonstigen Prozeßablauf - auch bewährt, über einen ständig laufenden Kompressor Gas aus dem ersten Stapelbehälter in den zweiten Stapelbehälter umzupumpen. Diese Verfahrensweise erfordert zwar zusätzlich Antriebsenergie für den Kompressor, spart aber Gas. In Abhängigkeit von Kompressor- und Strompreis kann dies für teure Gase eine sehr wertvolle Ergänzung des Gesamtprozesses sein.For particularly valuable gases, such as Helium, it has - regardless of other process flow - also proven, via a constantly running compressor Pumping gas from the first stacking container into the second stacking container. This The procedure does require additional drive energy for the compressor, which saves but gas. Depending on the compressor and electricity price, this can be the case for expensive gases be a very valuable addition to the overall process.

    Claims (16)

    Verfahren zur Gasversorgung und -rückgewinnung unter Einsatz eines gasförmigen Mediums, welches in mindestens einem Stapelbehälter unter Druck gespeichert wird und vom Stapelbehälter gegebenenfalls über einen Druckumwandler zu einem Verbraucher (Versorgung) und vom Verbraucher gegebenenfalls über einen Druckumwandler zu dem oder zu einem weiteren Stapelbehälter (Rückgewinnung) geleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere Druckbehälter mit unterschiedlichem Druck kaskadenförmig als Stapelbehälter eingesetzt werden.Process for gas supply and recovery using a gaseous medium which is stored under pressure in at least one stacking container and from the stacking container, if necessary, via a pressure converter to a consumer (supply) and from the consumer, if necessary, via a pressure converter to or to another stacking container (recovery ) is passed, characterized in that several pressure vessels with different pressure are used cascaded as a stacking vessel. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die physikalische Kraft zum Gastransport entweder aus einem unterschiedlichen Druck und/oder aus unterschiedlicher Temperatur zwischen den Behältern resultiert.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the physical force for gas transport results either from a different pressure and / or from a different temperature between the containers. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckbehälter der Kaskade eine unterschiedliche Größe aufweisen.Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the pressure vessels of the cascade are of different sizes. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Gas ein Inertgas oder Inertgasgemisch, insbesondere Argon, Helium und/oder Stickstoff, und/oder ein Reaktivgas oder Reaktivgasgemisch, insbesondere Wasserstoff und/oder Kohlendioxid, eingesetzt wird.Method according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that an inert gas or inert gas mixture, in particular argon, helium and / or nitrogen, and / or a reactive gas or reactive gas mixture, in particular hydrogen and / or carbon dioxide, is used as the gas. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stapelbehälter zumindest bei der Erstbefüllung aus zumindest einem Speicherbehälter befüllt werden, wobei bevorzugt das Gas im Speicherbehälter in verflüssigtem Zustand gespeichert wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the stacking containers are filled from at least one storage container at least during the initial filling, the gas preferably being stored in the liquefied state in the storage container. Verfahren nach nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Speicherbehälter auf einen Speicherdruck bis 50 bar, vorzugsweise bis 40 bar ausgelegt wird.Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the storage container is designed for a storage pressure of up to 50 bar, preferably up to 40 bar. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Druckerhöhungsanlagen wahlweise hinzugeschalten werden können, über welche die Druckbehälter der Kaskade miteinander verbunden sind. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that pressure booster systems can be optionally connected, via which the pressure vessels of the cascade are connected to one another. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem Gas vorhandene Druckenergie auf die Stapelbehälter ohne Vermischung dieses Gases mit dem in den Stapelbehältern befindlichen Gas übertragen wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that pressure energy present in a gas is transferred to the stacking containers without mixing this gas with the gas in the stacking containers. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfahren mittels Computer überwacht, gesteuert und/oder optimiert wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the method is monitored, controlled and / or optimized by means of a computer. Vorrichtung zur Gasversorgung und -rückgewinnung unter Einsatz eines gasförmigen Mediums umfassend mindestens einen Stapelbehälter zur Speicherung des Mediums unter Druck und eine oder mehrere Verbindungen vom dem mindestens einen Stapelbehälter, gegebenenfalls über einen Druckumwandler, zu einem Verbraucher (Versorgung) und vom Verbraucher gegebenenfalls über einen Druckumwandler zu dem oder zu einem weiteren Stapelbehälter (Rückgewinnung), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere Druckbehälter mit unterschiedlichem Druck in einer Kaskade als Stapelbehälter vorgesehen sind.Device for gas supply and recovery using a gaseous medium comprising at least one stacking container for storing the medium under pressure and one or more connections from the at least one stacking container, optionally via a pressure converter, to a consumer (supply) and from the consumer optionally via a pressure converter to or to another stacking container (recovery), characterized in that several pressure containers with different pressures are provided in a cascade as stacking containers. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckbehälter der Kaskade eine unterschiedliche Größe aufweisen.Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the pressure vessels of the cascade are of different sizes. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein Speicherbehälter zum Befüllen der Stapelbehälter zumindest bei der Erstbefüllung vorgesehen ist, der bevorzugt zum Speichern von Gas in verflüssigtem Zustand ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that at least one storage container is provided for filling the stacking containers at least during the first filling, which is preferably designed for storing gas in the liquefied state. Vorrichtung nach nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zum übertragen der in einem Gas vorhandene Druckenergie auf die Stapelbehälter ohne Vermischung dieses Gases mit dem in den Stapelbehältern befindlichen Gas vorgesehen sind.Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that means are provided for transmitting the pressure energy present in a gas to the stacking containers without mixing this gas with the gas located in the stacking containers. Vorrichtung nach nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckbehälter der Kaskade über Druckerhöhungsanlagen miteinander verbunden sind, die wahlweise hinzuschaltbar sind. Device according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the pressure vessels of the cascade are connected to one another via pressure booster systems which can be optionally switched on. Anwendung des Verfahrens und/oder Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüchen im Zusammenhang mit dem heißisostatischen Pressen.Application of the method and / or use of the device according to a of the preceding claims in connection with the hot isostatic Press. Anwendung des Verfahrens und/oder Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüchen im Zusammenhang mit dem Hochdruck-Gasabschrecken.Application of the method and / or use of the device according to a of the preceding claims in connection with high pressure gas quenching.
    EP99122145A 1998-11-27 1999-11-05 Method and device for gas supply and recuperation Expired - Lifetime EP1004779B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (4)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19854935 1998-11-27
    DE19854935 1998-11-27
    DE19940834A DE19940834A1 (en) 1998-11-27 1999-08-27 Method and device for gas supply and gas recovery
    DE19940834 1999-08-27

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    EP1004779A2 true EP1004779A2 (en) 2000-05-31
    EP1004779A3 EP1004779A3 (en) 2003-05-28
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    AT (1) ATE298842T1 (en)
    CZ (1) CZ298786B6 (en)
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    HU (1) HUP9904423A3 (en)
    PL (1) PL191693B1 (en)

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    US8286670B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2012-10-16 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for controlled filling of pressurized gas tanks
    WO2012175694A3 (en) * 2011-06-22 2013-02-21 Deutsches Institut Für Lebensmitteltechnik E.V. Feed tank and method for the simultaneous high-pressure and temperature treatment of a food item in a high-pressure tank
    CN103586472A (en) * 2013-10-30 2014-02-19 宁波恒普真空技术有限公司 Temperature cascade control method of vacuum degreasing sintering furnace in metal powder injection molding
    WO2018219445A1 (en) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-06 Quintus Technologies Ab Pressing arrangement
    EP3366146B1 (en) 2017-02-23 2020-06-24 Natura Foodtec Holding B.V. Device and method for processing food

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    Cited By (9)

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    US8286670B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2012-10-16 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for controlled filling of pressurized gas tanks
    WO2012175694A3 (en) * 2011-06-22 2013-02-21 Deutsches Institut Für Lebensmitteltechnik E.V. Feed tank and method for the simultaneous high-pressure and temperature treatment of a food item in a high-pressure tank
    US9545122B2 (en) 2011-06-22 2017-01-17 Deutsches Institut Für Lebensmitteltechnik E.V. Feed tank and method for the simultaneous high-pressure and temperature treatment of a food item in a high-pressure tank
    EP2698067A3 (en) * 2011-06-22 2017-11-08 Deutsches Institut für Lebensmitteltechnik e.V. Assembly of a plurality of pressure vessels arranged in a cascade
    CN103586472A (en) * 2013-10-30 2014-02-19 宁波恒普真空技术有限公司 Temperature cascade control method of vacuum degreasing sintering furnace in metal powder injection molding
    CN103586472B (en) * 2013-10-30 2015-06-17 宁波恒普真空技术有限公司 Temperature cascade control method of vacuum degreasing sintering furnace in metal powder injection molding
    EP3366146B1 (en) 2017-02-23 2020-06-24 Natura Foodtec Holding B.V. Device and method for processing food
    WO2018219445A1 (en) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-06 Quintus Technologies Ab Pressing arrangement
    US11780192B2 (en) 2017-05-31 2023-10-10 Quintus Technologies Ab Pressing arrangement

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    ATE298842T1 (en) 2005-07-15
    HU9904423D0 (en) 2000-02-28
    EP1004779A3 (en) 2003-05-28
    CZ298786B6 (en) 2008-01-30
    CZ9904243A3 (en) 2001-02-14
    EP1004779B1 (en) 2005-06-29
    PL336609A1 (en) 2000-06-05
    HUP9904423A3 (en) 2004-07-28
    ES2245066T3 (en) 2005-12-16
    PL191693B1 (en) 2006-06-30
    HUP9904423A2 (en) 2001-02-28

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