EP2557381A2 - Procédé destiné à l'étanchéification des gaz d'évaporation - Google Patents

Procédé destiné à l'étanchéification des gaz d'évaporation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2557381A2
EP2557381A2 EP12005618A EP12005618A EP2557381A2 EP 2557381 A2 EP2557381 A2 EP 2557381A2 EP 12005618 A EP12005618 A EP 12005618A EP 12005618 A EP12005618 A EP 12005618A EP 2557381 A2 EP2557381 A2 EP 2557381A2
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Prior art keywords
gas
boil
compressed
ejector
natural gas
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP12005618A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heinz Dr. Bauer
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/036—Treating the boil-off by recovery with heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/60—Expansion by ejector or injector, e.g. "Gasstrahlpumpe", "venturi mixing", "jet pumps"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0396—Involving pressure control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for compressing accumulated during the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) boil-off gas, which is compressed one or more stages and then fed to a further use.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Liquid natural gas is usually stored in flat-bottom tanks from a storage volume of approx. 3000 m 3 . These are operated at a pressure slightly above the ambient pressure, preferably at 100 to 200 mbar overpressure. Gases accumulating in these tanks, in particular end-flash gases, boil-off gases, tank-return gases, are usually compressed for further use, for example as fuel gas, or recycled after their compression into the natural gas to be liquefied. In the simplest case, this compression takes place by means of a cold intake compressor, which works directly at tank pressure.
  • the term "boil-off gas” is to be understood below all gases that accumulate in the gas space of a (LNG) tank above the liquefied natural gas.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for compressing incurred in the storage of liquefied natural gas boil-off gas, which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages, in particular allows safe compaction of boil-off gas without the use of a cold aspirating machine.
  • a method for compressing boil-off gas accumulating during the storage of liquefied natural gas is proposed, which is characterized in that the boil-off gas to be compressed experiences an increase in pressure by means of at least one ejector, heats up and reacts. or is compressed in multiple stages, wherein as the propellant gas for the ejector, a partial flow of the compressed Boil-off gas and / or a gas is used whose composition is substantially identical or similar to that of the boil-off gas and / or its mixing with the Boil-off gas does not affect the intended use of the compressed boil-off gas.
  • the inventive method for compressing boil-off gas resulting from the storage of liquefied natural gas allows the extraction and compression of boil-off gas from an LNG or flat bottom tank operated at near atmospheric pressure without the use of a cold intake engine, by pre-compression the boil-off gas is realized by means of an ejector.
  • the procedure according to the invention thus effectively avoids the risk of an oxygen intrusion into a combustible gas.
  • the pressure gain in the ejector is usually at least as large as the pressure drop over the ejector downstream and the compression upstream heater and other system components to be provided, such as, piping and fittings.
  • an ejector eliminates the need for relatively expensive and high-maintenance moving parts in cold operating conditions without the risk of undesirable and dangerous vacuum conditions on the suction side of the hot intake compressor to be provided for compaction.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment shows a natural gas liquefaction process in which the compressed boil-off gas is supplied again to the natural gas stream A to be liquefied.
  • This natural gas stream A is fed to a liquefaction process E1, which is shown only as a black box.
  • This liquefaction process E1 can be any liquefaction process that serves for the liquefaction and possibly the supercooling of natural gas.
  • the liquefied and optionally supercooled natural gas is withdrawn via line B from the liquefaction process E1 and a storage tank T, which is, for example, a flat-bottom tank supplied.
  • the removal of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from this storage tank T via line 5, which - if necessary - a pump P is assigned.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Boil-off gas accumulating in the storage tank T is drawn off from the storage tank T via line 1 and fed to an ejector Y. Via line 2, this ejector Y, a suitable propellant gas, which will be discussed in more detail below, fed.
  • the boil-off gas to be compressed experiences a pressure increase in the ejector Y between 50 and 500 mbar, preferably between 100 and 300 mbar.
  • Boil-off gas - is fed via line 3 after heating in the heater E2 the one or more stages boil-off gas compressor V.
  • the boil-off gas 3 to be compressed is warmed by at least 80 K, preferably by at least 160 K, against the compressed boil-off gas stream 4.
  • the boil-off gas compressor V is a compression to a pressure which is determined by the subsequent use of the boil-off gas.
  • the boil-off gas must be compressed at least to the pressure of the natural gas stream A before the liquefaction process E1.
  • the compressed boil-off gas is used as fuel gas, a lower pressure increase may be sufficient, while other uses may require higher compression.
  • the boil-off gas After compression V, the boil-off gas is cooled in a heat exchanger E3 against air or cooling water, provided that the temperature of the boil-off gas after the compression V is high enough for this. This is always the case when warming up to approximately ambient temperature, since the tank temperature is -160 ° C., the boil-off gas to be compressed is preferably warmed by at least 160 K, and the suction temperature of the compressor V is thus higher than 0 ° C is.
  • the compressed boil-off gas 4 after passing through the heater E2, in which it delivers its (residual) heat of compression to the boil-off gas stream 3 to be compressed, is supplied to the natural gas stream A to be liquefied.
  • the compressed boil-off gas 4 to be liquefied natural gas stream A before Feeding in the liquefaction process E1 - represented by the dashed line 4 '- and / or at a suitable temperature level of the liquefaction process E1 - represented by the line 4 - are supplied.
  • a partial stream 2 of the compressed boil-off gas 4 is supplied to the ejector Y as a propellant gas.
  • any gases whose composition is substantially identical or similar to that of the boil-off gas to be compressed and / or whose mixing with the boil-off gas does not impair the intended use of the compressed boil-off gas can be used as propellant gases ,
  • the compressed boil-off gas is to be used as the fuel gas and an air separator is provided in the vicinity of the liquefaction process, a residual flow of this air separator can also be used as the propellant gas for the ejector Y. If a separation of heavy hydrocarbons is integrated in the liquefaction process E1, the separated stream rich in heavy hydrocarbons can also be used as propellant gas, provided that the compressed boil-off gas is not supplied to the natural gas stream A to be liquefied.

Abstract

The method involves subjecting boil-off gas (1) to be compressed to pressure elevation by an ejector (Y) using motive gas (2), and warming boil-off gas. The boil-off gas is compressed in a single-stage or multi-stage manner. The motive gas used for the ejector is formed as a substream of the compressed boil-off gas and/or gas, where composition of the motive gas is identical or similar to that of the boil-off gas and/or addition of the motive gas to the boil-off gas does not adversely affect intended utilization of the compressed boil-off gas.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verdichten von bei der Lagerung von verflüssigtem Erdgas (LNG) anfallendem Boil-off-Gas, wobei dieses ein- oder mehrstufig verdichtet und anschließend einer weiteren Verwendung zugeführt wird.The invention relates to a method for compressing accumulated during the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) boil-off gas, which is compressed one or more stages and then fed to a further use.

Flüssiges Erdgas (LNG) wird ab einem Speichervolumen von ca. 3000 m3 üblicherweise in Flachbodentanks gelagert. Diese werden bei einem Druck geringfügig über dem Umgebungsdruck, vorzugsweise bei 100 bis 200 mbar Überdruck, betrieben. In diesen Tanks anfallende Gase, insbesondere Ende-Flash-Gase, Boil-off-Gase, Tank-Return-Gase, werden üblicherweise für eine weitere Verwendung, bspw. als Brenngas, verdichtet oder nach ihrer Verdichtung in das zu verflüssigende Erdgas zurückgeführt. Im einfachsten Fall erfolgt diese Verdichtung mittels eines kaltansaugenden Verdichters, der direkt bei Tankdruck arbeitet. Unter dem Begriff "Boil-off-Gas" seien nachfolgend alle Gase zu verstehen, die sich im Gasraum eines (LNG-)Tanks oberhalb des verflüssigten Erdgases ansammeln.Liquid natural gas (LNG) is usually stored in flat-bottom tanks from a storage volume of approx. 3000 m 3 . These are operated at a pressure slightly above the ambient pressure, preferably at 100 to 200 mbar overpressure. Gases accumulating in these tanks, in particular end-flash gases, boil-off gases, tank-return gases, are usually compressed for further use, for example as fuel gas, or recycled after their compression into the natural gas to be liquefied. In the simplest case, this compression takes place by means of a cold intake compressor, which works directly at tank pressure. The term "boil-off gas" is to be understood below all gases that accumulate in the gas space of a (LNG) tank above the liquefied natural gas.

Will man diese Lösung wegen der damit verbundenen tiefen Betriebstemperatur des kaltansaugenden Verdichters vermeiden - die Speicherung von LNG erfolgt bei ca. -160 °C -, erfolgt eine Anwärmung des zu verdichtenden Boil-off-Gases bevor dieses durch einen warmansaugenden Verdichter komprimiert wird. Um den Druckabfall im Anwärmer, den Rohrleitungen, etc. kompensieren zu können, ist dem Anwärmer ein kaltansaugendes Gebläse vorgeschaltet; dieses kompensiert den Druckabfall, so dass Vakuum auf der Verdichtersaugseite mit der Gefahr eines Sauerstoffeinbruchs in ein brennbares Gas sicher vermieden werden kann. Eine derartige Verfahrensführung ist bspw. im US-Patent 6,658,892 beschrieben.If you want to avoid this solution because of the associated low operating temperature of the cold intake compressor - the storage of LNG takes place at about -160 ° C -, a heating of the boil-off gas to be compressed before it is compressed by a warm-sucking compressor. In order to be able to compensate for the pressure drop in the heater, the pipes, etc., the heater is preceded by a cold-suction fan; this compensates for the pressure drop, so that vacuum on the compressor suction with the risk of oxygen into a combustible gas can be safely avoided. Such a procedure is, for example. In U.S. Patent 6,658,892 described.

Sämtliche aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahrensweisen erfordern jedoch eine kaltansaugende Maschine - also entweder einen kaltansaugenden Verdichter oder ein kaltansaugendes Gebläse - oder gehen im Falle des Verzichts auf ein kaltansaugendes Gebläse das erhöhte Risiko ein, das Verfahren auf der Saugseite eines warmansaugenden Verdichters zumindest zeitweise bei gefährlichen Unterdruckzuständen zu betreiben.However, all known from the prior art procedures require a cold intake engine - either a cold intake compressor or a cold aspirating fan - or go in the case of dispensing with a cold aspirating fan, the increased risk, the method on the suction side of a hot intake compressor at least temporarily to operate under dangerous negative pressure conditions.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Verdichten von bei der Lagerung von verflüssigtem Erdgas anfallendem Boil-off-Gas anzugeben, das die vorgenannten Nachteile vermeidet, insbesondere eine sichere Verdichtung von Boil-off-Gas ohne Verwendung einer kaltansaugenden Maschine ermöglicht.Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for compressing incurred in the storage of liquefied natural gas boil-off gas, which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages, in particular allows safe compaction of boil-off gas without the use of a cold aspirating machine.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren zum Verdichten von bei der Lagerung von verflüssigtem Erdgas anfallendem Boil-off-Gas vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass das zu verdichtende Boil-off-Gas mittels wenigstens eines Ejektors eine Druckerhöhung erfährt, angewärmt und ein- oder mehrstufig verdichtet wird, wobei als Treibgas für den Ejektor ein Teilstrom des verdichteten Boil-off-Gases und/oder ein Gas verwendet wird, dessen Zusammensetzung im Wesentlichen identisch oder ähnlich derjenigen des Boil-off-Gases ist und/oder dessen Vermischung mit dem Boil-off-Gas die beabsichtigte Verwendung des verdichteten Boil-off-Gases nicht beeinträchtigt.To solve this problem, a method for compressing boil-off gas accumulating during the storage of liquefied natural gas is proposed, which is characterized in that the boil-off gas to be compressed experiences an increase in pressure by means of at least one ejector, heats up and reacts. or is compressed in multiple stages, wherein as the propellant gas for the ejector, a partial flow of the compressed Boil-off gas and / or a gas is used whose composition is substantially identical or similar to that of the boil-off gas and / or its mixing with the Boil-off gas does not affect the intended use of the compressed boil-off gas.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Verdichten von bei der Lagerung von verflüssigtem Erdgas anfallendem Boil-off-Gas ermöglicht die Entnahme und Verdichtung von Boil-off-Gas aus einem bei annähernd atmosphärischem Druck betriebenen LNG- bzw. Flachbodentank ohne Verwendung einer kaltansaugenden Maschine, indem eine Vorverdichtung des Boil-off-Gases mittels eines Ejektors realisiert wird. Die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensweise vermeidet somit wirkungsvoll die Gefahr eines Sauerstoffeinbruchs in ein brennbares Gas.The inventive method for compressing boil-off gas resulting from the storage of liquefied natural gas allows the extraction and compression of boil-off gas from an LNG or flat bottom tank operated at near atmospheric pressure without the use of a cold intake engine, by pre-compression the boil-off gas is realized by means of an ejector. The procedure according to the invention thus effectively avoids the risk of an oxygen intrusion into a combustible gas.

Der Druckgewinn im Ejektor ist im Regelfall mindestens so groß wie der Druckabfall über den dem Ejektor nachgeschalteten und der Verdichtung vorgeschalteten Anwärmer sowie weiterer vorzusehender Anlagenkomponenten, wie bspw. Rohrleitungen und Armaturen.The pressure gain in the ejector is usually at least as large as the pressure drop over the ejector downstream and the compression upstream heater and other system components to be provided, such as, piping and fittings.

Durch die Verwendung eines Ejektors kann auf vergleichsweise teure und wartungsintensive, bewegliche Teile bei kalten Betriebsbedingungen verzichtet werden, ohne das Risiko von unerwünschten und gefährlichen Unterdruckzuständen auf der Saugseite des für die Verdichtung vorzusehenden warmansaugenden Verdichters einzugehen.The use of an ejector eliminates the need for relatively expensive and high-maintenance moving parts in cold operating conditions without the risk of undesirable and dangerous vacuum conditions on the suction side of the hot intake compressor to be provided for compaction.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Verdichten von bei der Lagerung von verflüssigtem Erdgas anfallendem Boil-off-Gas, die Gegenstände der abhängigen Patentansprüche darstellen, sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass

  • die Druckerhöhung zwischen 50 und 500 mbar, vorzugsweise zwischen 100 und 300 mbar beträgt,
  • zumindest zeitweilig dem Ejektor zwei unterschiedliche Treibgase zugeführt , werden,
  • sofern das verdichtete Boil-off-Gas zumindest teilweise einem Erdgas-Verflüssigungsprozess zugeführt wird, zumindest ein Teilstrom eines geeigneten Prozessstromes des Erdgas-Verflüssigungsprozesses als Treibgas verwendet wird, und/oder
  • das Boil-off-Gas vor seiner Verdichtung um wenigstens 80 K, vorzugsweise um wenigstens 160 K angewärmt wird.
Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention for compressing accumulated during the storage of liquefied natural gas boil-off gas, which constitute subject of the dependent claims, are characterized in that
  • the pressure increase is between 50 and 500 mbar, preferably between 100 and 300 mbar,
  • at least temporarily supplied to the ejector two different propellant gases,
  • if the compressed Boil-off gas is at least partially supplied to a natural gas liquefaction process, at least a partial flow of a suitable process stream of the natural gas liquefaction process is used as the propellant, and / or
  • the boil-off gas is warmed before its compression by at least 80 K, preferably by at least 160 K.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Verdichten von bei der Lagerung von verflüssigtem Erdgas anfallendem Boil-off-Gas sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen desselben seien nachfolgend anhand des in der Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The inventive method for compressing incurred in the storage of liquefied natural gas Boil-off gas and further advantageous embodiments thereof are described below with reference to the in the FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment explained in more detail.

Das in der Figur 1 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt ein Erdgas-Verflüssigungsverfahren, bei dem das verdichtete Boil-off-Gas erneut dem zu verflüssigenden Erdgasstrom A zugeführt wird. Dieser Erdgasstrom A wird einem lediglich als Black-Box dargestellten Verflüssigungsprozess E1 zugeführt. Bei diesem Verflüssigungsprozess E1 kann es sich um jeden beliebigen Verflüssigungsprozess handeln, der der Verflüssigung und ggf. der Unterkühlung von Erdgas dient. Das verflüssigte und ggf. unterkühlte Erdgas wird über Leitung B aus dem Verflüssigungsprozess E1 abgezogen und einem Speichertank T, bei dem es sich beispielsweise um einen Flachbodentank handelt, zugeführt. Die Entnahme von verflüssigtem Erdgas (LNG) aus diesem Speichertank T erfolgt über Leitung 5, der - sofern erforderlich - eine Pumpe P zugeordnet ist.That in the FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment shows a natural gas liquefaction process in which the compressed boil-off gas is supplied again to the natural gas stream A to be liquefied. This natural gas stream A is fed to a liquefaction process E1, which is shown only as a black box. This liquefaction process E1 can be any liquefaction process that serves for the liquefaction and possibly the supercooling of natural gas. The liquefied and optionally supercooled natural gas is withdrawn via line B from the liquefaction process E1 and a storage tank T, which is, for example, a flat-bottom tank supplied. The removal of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from this storage tank T via line 5, which - if necessary - a pump P is assigned.

Im Speichertank T anfallendes Boil-off-Gas wird über Leitung 1 aus dem Speichertank T abgezogen und einem Ejektor Y zugeführt. Über Leitung 2 wird diesem Ejektor Y ein geeignetes Treibgas, auf das im Folgenden näher eingegangen werden wird, zugeführt. Das zu verdichtende Boil-off-Gas erfährt im Ejektor Y eine Druckerhöhung zwischen 50 und 500 mbar, vorzugsweise zwischen 100 und 300 mbar.Boil-off gas accumulating in the storage tank T is drawn off from the storage tank T via line 1 and fed to an ejector Y. Via line 2, this ejector Y, a suitable propellant gas, which will be discussed in more detail below, fed. The boil-off gas to be compressed experiences a pressure increase in the ejector Y between 50 and 500 mbar, preferably between 100 and 300 mbar.

Das derart verdichtete Boil-off-Gas/Treibgas-Gemisch - nachfolgend als Boil-off-Gas bezeichnet - wird über Leitung 3 nach Anwärmung im Anwärmer E2 dem ein- oder mehrstufig ausgeführten Boil-off-Gas-Verdichter V zugeführt. Im Anwärmer E2 wird das zu verdichtende Boil-off-Gas 3 gegen den verdichteten Boil-off-Gasstrom 4 um wenigstens 80 K, vorzugsweise um wenigstens 160 K angewärmt. Im Boil-off-Gas-Verdichter V erfolgt eine Verdichtung auf einen Druck, der durch die anschließende Verwendung des Boil-off-Gases bestimmt wird.The thus-compressed boil-off gas / propellant gas mixture - hereinafter referred to as Boil-off gas - is fed via line 3 after heating in the heater E2 the one or more stages boil-off gas compressor V. In the heater E2, the boil-off gas 3 to be compressed is warmed by at least 80 K, preferably by at least 160 K, against the compressed boil-off gas stream 4. In the boil-off gas compressor V is a compression to a pressure which is determined by the subsequent use of the boil-off gas.

Wird das verdichtete Boil-off-Gas 4, wie in der Figur 1 dargestellt, erneut dem zu verflüssigenden Erdgasstrom A zugeführt, muss das Boil-off-Gas wenigstens auf den Druck des Erdgasstromes A vor dem Verflüssigungsprozess E1 verdichtet werden. Wird das verdichtete Boil-off-Gas hingegen als Brenngas verwendet, kann eine geringere Druckerhöhung ausreichend sein, während andere Verwendungszwecke ggf. eine höhere Verdichtung erfordern.Will the compressed boil-off gas 4, as in the FIG. 1 shown again supplied to the natural gas stream A to be liquefied, the boil-off gas must be compressed at least to the pressure of the natural gas stream A before the liquefaction process E1. On the other hand, if the compressed boil-off gas is used as fuel gas, a lower pressure increase may be sufficient, while other uses may require higher compression.

Nach der Verdichtung V wird das Boil-off-Gas in einem Wärmetauscher E3 gegen Luft oder Kühlwasser abgekühlt, sofern die Temperatur des Boil-off-Gases nach der Verdichtung V hierfür hoch genug ist. Dies ist bei einer Anwärmung vor der Verdichtung auf in etwa Umgebungstemperatur immer der Fall, da die Tanktemperatur -160 °C beträgt, das zu verdichtenden Boil-off-Gas vorzugsweise um wenigstens 160 K angewärmt wird und die Saugtemperatur des Verdichters V somit höher als 0 °C liegt.After compression V, the boil-off gas is cooled in a heat exchanger E3 against air or cooling water, provided that the temperature of the boil-off gas after the compression V is high enough for this. This is always the case when warming up to approximately ambient temperature, since the tank temperature is -160 ° C., the boil-off gas to be compressed is preferably warmed by at least 160 K, and the suction temperature of the compressor V is thus higher than 0 ° C is.

Im vorliegenden Fall wird das verdichtete Boil-off-Gas 4 nach Durchgang durch den Anwärmer E2, in dem es seine (restliche) Verdichtungswärme an den zu verdichtenden Boil-off-Gasstrom 3 abgibt, dem zu verflüssigenden Erdgasstrom A zugeführt. Hierbei kann das verdichtete Boil-off-Gas 4 dem zu verflüssigenden Erdgasstrom A vor dessen Zuführung in den Verflüssigungsprozess E1 - dargestellt durch die gestrichelt gezeichnete Leitung 4' - und/oder auf einem geeigneten Temperaturniveau des Verflüssigungsprozesses E1 - dargestellt durch die Leitung 4 - zugeführt werden.In the present case, the compressed boil-off gas 4, after passing through the heater E2, in which it delivers its (residual) heat of compression to the boil-off gas stream 3 to be compressed, is supplied to the natural gas stream A to be liquefied. Here, the compressed boil-off gas 4 to be liquefied natural gas stream A before Feeding in the liquefaction process E1 - represented by the dashed line 4 '- and / or at a suitable temperature level of the liquefaction process E1 - represented by the line 4 - are supplied.

Erfindungsgemäß wird bei dem in der Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Teilstrom 2 des verdichteten Boil-off-Gases 4 dem Ejektor Y als Treibgas zugeführt. Grundsätzlich können als Treibgase alle Gase verwendet werden, deren Zusammensetzung im Wesentlichen identisch oder ähnlich derjenigen des zu verdichtenden Boil-off-Gases ist und/oder deren Vermischung mit dem Boil-off-Gas die beabsichtigte Verwendung des verdichteten Boil-off-Gases nicht beeinträchtigt.According to the invention in the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment, a partial stream 2 of the compressed boil-off gas 4 is supplied to the ejector Y as a propellant gas. In principle, any gases whose composition is substantially identical or similar to that of the boil-off gas to be compressed and / or whose mixing with the boil-off gas does not impair the intended use of the compressed boil-off gas can be used as propellant gases ,

Soll das verdichtete Boil-off-Gas als Brenngas verwendet werden und ist in der Nähe des Verflüssigungsprozesses ein Luftzerleger vorgesehen, kann als Treibgas für den Ejektor Y auch ein Reststrom dieses Luftzerlegers verwendet werden. Sofern in dem Verflüssigungsprozess E1 eine Abtrennung schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe integriert ist, kann auch der abgetrennte, an schweren Kohlenwasserstoffen reiche Strom als Treibgas verwendet werden, sofern das verdichtete Boil-off-Gas nicht dem zu verflüssigenden Erdgasstrom A zugeführt wird.If the compressed boil-off gas is to be used as the fuel gas and an air separator is provided in the vicinity of the liquefaction process, a residual flow of this air separator can also be used as the propellant gas for the ejector Y. If a separation of heavy hydrocarbons is integrated in the liquefaction process E1, the separated stream rich in heavy hydrocarbons can also be used as propellant gas, provided that the compressed boil-off gas is not supplied to the natural gas stream A to be liquefied.

Claims (5)

Verfahren zum Verdichten von bei der Lagerung von verflüssigtem Erdgas (LNG) anfallendem Boil-off-Gas, wobei dieses ein- oder mehrstufig verdichtet und anschließend einer weiteren Verwendung zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zu verdichtende Boil-off-Gas (1) mittels wenigstens eines Ejektors (Y) eine Druckerhöhung erfährt, angewärmt (E2) und ein- oder mehrstufig verdichtet wird (V), wobei als Treibgas (2) für den Ejektor (Y) ein Teilstrom des verdichteten Boil-off-Gases und/oder ein Gas verwendet wird, dessen Zusammensetzung im Wesentlichen identisch oder ähnlich derjenigen des Boil-off-Gases (1) ist und/oder dessen Vermischung mit dem Boil-off-Gas die beabsichtigte Verwendung des verdichteten Boil-off-Gases nicht beeinträchtigt.Method for compressing boil-off gas obtained during the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the latter being compressed in one or more stages and subsequently supplied for further use, characterized in that the boil-off gas to be compressed (1) by means of at least one ejector (Y) undergoes an increase in pressure, warmed (E2) and one or more stages is compressed (V), as a propellant gas (2) for the ejector (Y) a partial flow of the compressed boil-off gas and / or a gas is used whose composition is substantially identical or similar to that of the boil-off gas (1) and / or whose mixing with the boil-off gas does not affect the intended use of the compressed boil-off gas. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckerhöhung zwischen 50 und 500 mbar, vorzugsweise zwischen 100 und 300 mbar beträgt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure increase between 50 and 500 mbar, preferably between 100 and 300 mbar. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest zeitweilig dem Ejektor (Y) zwei unterschiedliche Treibgase zugeführt werden.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least temporarily the ejector (Y), two different propellant gases are supplied. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das verdichtete Boil-off-Gas zumindest teilweise einem Erdgas-Verflüssigungsprozess zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein Teilstrom eines geeigneten Prozessstromes des Erdgas-Verflüssigungsprozesses als Treibgas verwendet wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, wherein the compressed boil-off gas is at least partially fed to a natural gas liquefaction process, characterized in that at least a partial flow of a suitable process stream of the natural gas liquefaction process is used as propellant gas. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Boil-off-Gas vor seiner Verdichtung (V) um wenigstens 80 K, vorzugsweise um wenigstens 160 K angewärmt wird (E2).Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the boil-off gas before its compression (V) by at least 80 K, preferably by at least 160 K is heated (E2).
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