EP1003005B1 - Integrated heat exchanger, more particularly for automotive vehicle - Google Patents

Integrated heat exchanger, more particularly for automotive vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1003005B1
EP1003005B1 EP99122374A EP99122374A EP1003005B1 EP 1003005 B1 EP1003005 B1 EP 1003005B1 EP 99122374 A EP99122374 A EP 99122374A EP 99122374 A EP99122374 A EP 99122374A EP 1003005 B1 EP1003005 B1 EP 1003005B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
heat exchanger
oil
exchanger according
condenser
Prior art date
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Revoked
Application number
EP99122374A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1003005A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Marsais
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Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
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Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F28D1/0443—Combination of units extending one beside or one above the other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0084—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0089—Oil coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
    • F28F2270/02—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling by using blind conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/916—Oil cooler

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combined heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a combined heat exchanger is known from EP-A-0 361 358.
  • the two fluids are cooled by the same air flow which scans the beam.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a heat exchanger combined heat into which the bundle of tubes is divided in one part forming an oil cooler, the tubes of which are suitable to be covered by oil, and in one condenser part, the tubes of which are suitable for being traversed by a refrigerant.
  • the oil is typically of transmission oil, especially for a gearbox automatic speed of motor vehicle.
  • the condenser it is used to cool the refrigerant motor vehicle air conditioning system.
  • the cooling of the refrigerant and the transmission oil cooling are made by two separate exchangers, usually one parallel flow condenser and an oil exchanger, blade type, placed near the condenser.
  • the two fluids circulate at very high temperatures. different, that of oil being much higher than that refrigerant. These temperature differences significant are likely to generate phenomena of differential expansion which can damage the heat exchanger heat and lead to leaks.
  • the invention provides a solution to the above problems.
  • the combined heat exchanger of the invention comprises different tubes, that is to say that the tubes of the part condenser are adapted to the circulation of the refrigerant, while the oil cooler tubes are adapted to the circulation of the oil.
  • the bundle tubes are advantageously multichannel tubes.
  • the hydraulic diameter of the tubes of the part oil cooler is greater than hydraulic diameter tubes of the condenser part.
  • the number of channels tubes of the oil cooler part is lower to the number of channels of the condenser part tubes. it in other words, means that the tubes of the part oil cooler have fewer partitions than tubes of the condenser part. This increases the hydraulic diameter and thus significantly lower the pressure drop generated by the circulation of the oil in these tubes.
  • the bundle tubes are advantageously obtained by extrusion.
  • the tubes of the harness are connected to two manifolds each of which has a partition to isolate the oil circulating in the oil cooler and fluid refrigerant circulating in the condenser part.
  • the heat exchanger comprises barrier means between the tubes of the oil cooler part and the tubes of the condenser part.
  • the means forming a thermal barrier include a bundle tube, says “inactive tube” or “dead tube”, which is not traversed by no fluid and which opens out between double partitions of each of the manifolds.
  • the thermal barrier means comprise a region devoid of corrugated tabs, which extends between two adjacent tubes belonging respectively to the oil cooler part and to the condenser part.
  • the beam and the manifolds are assembled by brazing.
  • the combined heat exchanger of the invention can be produced using well-known exchanger technology brazed, such as that used for example in the production condensers.
  • the combined heat exchanger shown in Figure 1 includes a beam 10, also called a body, composed of a multiplicity of tubes 12 extending parallel to each other and between which are arranged corrugated inserts 14 forming cooling fins.
  • the ends of the tubes 12 open, at one end, into a manifold common 16 and, at another end, in another box common manifold 18. These two manifolds are of tubular configuration and extend parallel between they.
  • the different components of the heat exchanger i.e. the tubes 12, the fins and the manifolds 16 and 18 are metallic and joined together by brazing.
  • the bundle is divided into two parts, namely a part A forming an oil cooler and composed of tubes 12a and a part B forming a condenser and composed of tubes 12b.
  • the tubes 12a are suitable for being traversed by oil H, such as transmission oil for an automatic gearbox of a motor vehicle.
  • the tubes 12b are capable of being traversed by a refrigerant R of a motor vehicle air conditioning installation. It will be understood that these two fluids circulate in two different parts of the beam and are intended to be swept by the same flow of air which scans the beam 10.
  • the manifolds 16 and 18 have partitions respective insulators 20 and 22 to isolate from each other the two fluids.
  • the partition 20 divides the manifold 16 into a compartment 24 for oil (here at the top) and a compartment 26 for the refrigerant (here placed in lower part).
  • the partition 22 divides the manifold 18 into a compartment 28 for oil (here at the top) and a compartment 30 for the refrigerant (here placed in the lower part).
  • the oil to be cooled enters compartment 24 through a inlet tubing 32, then flows through the tubes 12a through a parallel flow to reach compartment 28. It then leaves compartment 28 via an outlet pipe 34.
  • the compartment 26 is itself divided into two parts, to namely an upper part 36 and a lower part 38, by a partition 40.
  • compartment 30 of the box collector 18 is divided into two parts, namely a upper part 42 and lower part 44, by a partition 46.
  • the refrigerant R enters the compartment 36 through a tube 48, circulates in part of the tubes 12b to reach compartment 42, then circulates in opposite direction to reach compartment 38. Then the refrigerant reaches compartment 44, circulating at again in reverse, and leaves the heat exchanger by an outlet pipe 50.
  • the fluid refrigerant R circulates alternately in a three passes.
  • partition walls 20 and 22 constitute thermal insulation since the oil H is at a temperature much higher than that of refrigerant R.
  • the tubes 12a and 12b are flat tubes multi-channel, obtained by extrusion from an alloy suitable metal, usually aluminum based.
  • each tube 12a ( Figure 2) has two channels 52 separated by a partition 54, while each tube 12b ( Figure 3) has four channels 56 separated by three partitions 58.
  • the tubes 12a and 12b have the same cross section exterior, which allows standardization of manufacturing, in the sense that the ends of the tubes are received in identical holes arranged in the boxes manifolds 16 and 18.
  • the tubes 12a and 12b have DH hydraulic diameters, DHa and DHb respectively.
  • DH 4S / P, in which S denotes the area of the internal section of the tube (expressed here in mm 2 ) and P the internal perimeter, again called “wet perimeter”, of the tube (here expressed in mm).
  • the tubes 12a and 12b thus have their own characteristics allowing them to be adapted respectively to cooling oil and cooling the refrigerant. Of causes tubes 12a to have fewer channels (and therefore fewer partitions) that the tubes 12b, the hydraulic diameter of the tubes 12a is increased, which allows lowering so significant pressure drop generated by the circulation of oil in tubes 12a.
  • the product DHa X DHb has a value which falls within an interval defined by the following inequality: 0.8mm 2 ⁇ DHa x DHb ⁇ 3.00 mm 2 .
  • insulating partitions 20 and 22 which, advantageously, can be double partitions.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the invention with means forming thermal barrier between the tubes 12a and the tubes 12b.
  • the bundle 10 includes a inactive tube 12i, also called “dead tube”, which is not traversed by no fluid and which leads between a double partition 20 of the manifold 16 and a double partition 22 of the manifold 18.
  • a inactive tube 12i also called “dead tube”
  • the heat exchanger of Figure 5 has other means forming a thermal barrier.
  • the beam is laid out so as to include a region 60 devoid of corrugated tabs, which extends between parts A and B of the bundle, that is to say between two adjacent tubes 12a and 12b belonging to these two parts A and B.
  • the tubes 12a and 12b have each a length of 600 mm.
  • the hydraulic diameter DHa of each of the tubes 12a is equal to 1.6, while the diameter hydraulic DHb of each of the tubes 12b is equal to 1.313, the product DHa x DHb thus being equal to 2.1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Abstract

The combined motor vehicle oil and coolant heat exchanger comprises a tube bundle (10) connected to a manifold box (16,18). It is divided into a part (A) forming a gearbox oil cooler having tubes (12a) through which oil (H) passes and a part (B) forming a condenser with tubes (12b) through which a refrigerant flows. The same air flow cools both oil and refrigerant. The two sets of tubes have different hydraulic diameters (Dha,DHb) connected by the following inequality: 0.8 mm<2> ≤ Dha x DHb ≤ 3.00 mm<2>. The hydraulic diameter of the oil cooler tubes is greater than the hydraulic diameter of the condenser tubes.

Description

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur combiné, en particulier pour véhicule automobile, selon le préambule de la revendication 1. Un tel échangeur est connu du EP-A-0 361 358.The invention relates to a combined heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1. Such an exchanger is known from EP-A-0 361 358.

Dans un échangeur de chaleur de ce type, les deux fluides sont refroidis par un même flux d'air qui balaie le faisceau.In a heat exchanger of this type, the two fluids are cooled by the same air flow which scans the beam.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un échangeur de chaleur combiné dans lequel le faisceau de tubes est divisé en une partie formant refroidisseur d'huile, dont les tubes sont propres à être parcourus par de l'huile, et en une partie formant condenseur, dont les tubes sont propres à être parcourus par un fluide réfrigérant.The invention relates more particularly to a heat exchanger combined heat into which the bundle of tubes is divided in one part forming an oil cooler, the tubes of which are suitable to be covered by oil, and in one condenser part, the tubes of which are suitable for being traversed by a refrigerant.

Dans un tel échangeur de chaleur, l'huile est typiquement de l'huile de transmission, en particulier pour une boite de vitesse automatique de véhicule automobile. Quant au condenseur, il sert à refroidir le fluide réfrigérant d'une installation de climatisation de véhicule automobile.In such a heat exchanger, the oil is typically of transmission oil, especially for a gearbox automatic speed of motor vehicle. As for the condenser, it is used to cool the refrigerant motor vehicle air conditioning system.

A l'heure actuelle, le refroidissement du fluide réfrigérant et le refroidissement de l'huile de transmission sont effectués par deux échangeurs séparés, habituellement un condenseur à écoulement parallèle et un échangeur d'huile, du type à lames, placé à proximité du condenseur.At present, the cooling of the refrigerant and the transmission oil cooling are made by two separate exchangers, usually one parallel flow condenser and an oil exchanger, blade type, placed near the condenser.

Il est connu par ailleurs, d'après le Modèle d'Utilité japonais n° 61-167202 de réaliser un échangeur de chaleur combiné comprenant une partie formant condenseur et une partie formant échangeur de chaleur. Cet échangeur de chaleur comprend un faisceau commun de tubes relié à deux boítes collectrices tubulaires. It is also known from the Utility Model Japanese n ° 61-167202 to realize a heat exchanger combined comprising a condenser part and a part forming a heat exchanger. This heat exchanger includes a common bundle of tubes connected to two boxes tubular manifolds.

La réalisation d'un échangeur de chaleur combiné, comportant une partie formant refroidisseur d'huile et une partie formant condenseur, pose de nombreux problèmes du fait que les deux fluides présentent des caractéristiques très différentes. Ainsi, la viscosité de l'huile est très supérieure à celle du réfrigérant et la perte de charge de l'huile est donc très élevée.The realization of a combined heat exchanger, comprising an oil cooler part and a part forming a condenser, poses many problems because the two fluids have very characteristic different. So the viscosity of the oil is much higher to that of the refrigerant and the pressure drop of the oil is therefore very high.

En outre, les deux fluides circulent à des températures très différentes, celle de l'huile étant très supérieure à celle du fluide réfrigérant. Ces différences de températures importantes sont susceptibles d'engendrer des phénomènes de dilatation différentielle pouvant endommager l'échangeur de chaleur et conduire à des fuites.In addition, the two fluids circulate at very high temperatures. different, that of oil being much higher than that refrigerant. These temperature differences significant are likely to generate phenomena of differential expansion which can damage the heat exchanger heat and lead to leaks.

De plus, il peut arriver que le fluide réfrigérant soit échauffé par l'huile, ce qui conduit alors à une dégradation des performances de la partie condenseur.In addition, it may happen that the refrigerant is heated by oil, which then leads to degradation performance of the condenser part.

L'invention vient apporter une solution aux problèmes ci-dessus.The invention provides a solution to the above problems.

Elle propose à cet effet un échangeur de chaleur combiné selon la revendication 1.To this end, it offers a combined heat exchanger according to claim 1.

Ainsi, l'échangeur de chaleur combiné de l'invention comprend des tubes différents, c'est-à-dire que les tubes de la partie condenseur sont adaptés à la circulation du fluide réfrigérant, tandis que les tubes de la partie refroidisseur d'huile sont adaptés à la circulation de l'huile.Thus, the combined heat exchanger of the invention comprises different tubes, that is to say that the tubes of the part condenser are adapted to the circulation of the refrigerant, while the oil cooler tubes are adapted to the circulation of the oil.

En outre, il est essentiel que le produit des diamètres hydrauliques respectifs DHa et DHb des tubes satisfasse à la relation d'inégalité précédente.In addition, it is essential that the product of the diameters respective hydraulic DHa and DHb of the tubes satisfies the previous inequality relation.

Il a été constaté en effet que lorsque le produit DHa x DHb est supérieur à 3,00 mm2, la puissance thermique échangée au niveau de chacun des deux fluides chute de manière significative. En outre, lorsque ce produit est inférieur à 0,8 mm2, la perte de charge du circuit d'huile augmente très fortement.It has in fact been found that when the product DHa x DHb is greater than 3.00 mm 2 , the thermal power exchanged at the level of each of the two fluids drops significantly. In addition, when this product is less than 0.8 mm 2 , the pressure drop in the oil circuit increases very sharply.

Les tubes du faisceau sont avantageusement des tubes multicanaux.The bundle tubes are advantageously multichannel tubes.

De préférence, le diamètre hydraulique des tubes de la partie refroidisseur d'huile est supérieur au diamètre hydraulique des tubes de la partie condenseur.Preferably, the hydraulic diameter of the tubes of the part oil cooler is greater than hydraulic diameter tubes of the condenser part.

Il est particulièrement avantageux que le nombre des canaux des tubes de la partie refroidisseur d'huile soit inférieur au nombre des canaux des tubes de la partie condenseur. Cela signifie, en d'autres termes, que les tubes de la partie refroidisseur d'huile comprennent moins de cloisons que les tubes de la partie condenseur. Ceci permet d'augmenter le diamètre hydraulique et d'abaisser ainsi de façon importante la perte de charge générée par la circulation de l'huile dans ces tubes.It is particularly advantageous that the number of channels tubes of the oil cooler part is lower to the number of channels of the condenser part tubes. it in other words, means that the tubes of the part oil cooler have fewer partitions than tubes of the condenser part. This increases the hydraulic diameter and thus significantly lower the pressure drop generated by the circulation of the oil in these tubes.

Les tubes du faisceau sont avantageusement obtenus par extrusion.The bundle tubes are advantageously obtained by extrusion.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les tubes du faisceau sont reliés à deux boítes collectrices dont chacune comporte une cloison de séparation pour isoler l'huile circulant dans la partie refroidisseur d'huile et le fluide réfrigérant circulant dans la partie condenseur. According to another characteristic of the invention, the tubes of the harness are connected to two manifolds each of which has a partition to isolate the oil circulating in the oil cooler and fluid refrigerant circulating in the condenser part.

Compte tenu des différences de températures entre ces deux fluides, on a intérêt à utiliser des cloisons formant isolant thermique.Given the temperature differences between these two fluids, it is advantageous to use insulating partitions thermal.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'échangeur de chaleur comprend des moyens formant barrière thermique entre les tubes de la partie refroidisseur d'huile et les tubes de la partie condenseur.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the heat exchanger comprises barrier means between the tubes of the oil cooler part and the tubes of the condenser part.

Ces moyens permettent de limiter les contraintes dues aux phénomènes de dilatation différentielle et d'empêcher un échauffement du fluide réfrigérant par l'huile, qui se trouve à une température très supérieure.These means make it possible to limit the constraints due to differential expansion phenomena and prevent a heating of the coolant by the oil, which is at a much higher temperature.

Dans une forme de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens formant barrière thermique comprennent un tube du faisceau, dit "tube inactif" ou "tube mort", qui n'est parcouru par aucun fluide et qui débouche entre des doubles cloisons de chacune des boítes collectrices.In one embodiment of the invention, the means forming a thermal barrier include a bundle tube, says "inactive tube" or "dead tube", which is not traversed by no fluid and which opens out between double partitions of each of the manifolds.

Dans une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention, dans laquelle des intercalaires ondulés sont prévus entre les tube du faisceau, les moyens formant barrière thermique comprennent une région dépourvue d'intercalaires ondulés, qui s'étend entre deux tubes adjacents appartenant respectivement à la partie refroidisseur d'huile et à la partie condenseur.In another embodiment of the invention, in which corrugated spacers are provided between the tubes of the beam, the thermal barrier means comprise a region devoid of corrugated tabs, which extends between two adjacent tubes belonging respectively to the oil cooler part and to the condenser part.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le faisceau et les boítes collectrices sont assemblés par brasage.According to another characteristic of the invention, the beam and the manifolds are assembled by brazing.

Ainsi, l'échangeur de chaleur combiné de l'invention peut être réalisé selon la technologie bien connue des échangeurs brasés, telle que celle utilisée par exemple dans la réalisation des condenseurs.Thus, the combined heat exchanger of the invention can be produced using well-known exchanger technology brazed, such as that used for example in the production condensers.

Dans la description qui suit, faite à titre d'exemple, on se réfère au dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un échangeur de chaleur combiné selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe, à échelle agrandie, d'un tube de la partie refroidisseur d'huile ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe, à échelle agrandie, d'un tube de la partie condenseur ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue partielle en coupe longitudinale d'un échangeur combiné selon une deuxième forme de réalisation de l'invention ; et
  • la figure 5 est une vue partielle en coupe longitudinale d'un échangeur de l'échangeur de chaleur combiné selon une troisième forme de réalisation selon l'invention.
In the description which follows, given by way of example, reference is made to the appended drawing, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a combined heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of a tube of the oil cooler part;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of a tube of the condenser part;
  • Figure 4 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a combined exchanger according to a second embodiment of the invention; and
  • Figure 5 is a partial view in longitudinal section of an exchanger of the combined heat exchanger according to a third embodiment according to the invention.

L'échangeur de chaleur combiné représenté à la figure 1 comprend un faisceau 10, encore appelé corps, composé d'une multiplicité de tubes 12 s'étendant parallèlement entre eux et entre lesquels sont disposés des intercalaires ondulés 14 formant ailettes de refroidissement. Les extrémités des tubes 12 débouchent, à une extrémité, dans une boíte collectrice commune 16 et, à une autre extrémité, dans une autre boíte collectrice commune 18. Ces deux boítes collectrices sont de configuration tubulaire et s'étendent parallèlement entre elles.The combined heat exchanger shown in Figure 1 includes a beam 10, also called a body, composed of a multiplicity of tubes 12 extending parallel to each other and between which are arranged corrugated inserts 14 forming cooling fins. The ends of the tubes 12 open, at one end, into a manifold common 16 and, at another end, in another box common manifold 18. These two manifolds are of tubular configuration and extend parallel between they.

Les différents composants de l'échangeur de chaleur, c'est-à-dire les tubes 12, les ailettes et les boítes collectrices 16 et 18 sont métalliques et assemblés entre eux par brasage.The different components of the heat exchanger, i.e. the tubes 12, the fins and the manifolds 16 and 18 are metallic and joined together by brazing.

Le faisceau est divisé en deux parties, à savoir une partie A formant refroidisseur d'huile et composée de tubes 12a et une partie B formant condenseur et composée de tubes 12b. Les tubes 12a sont propres à être parcourus par de l'huile H, telle que de l'huile de transmission pour une boíte de vitesses automatique de véhicule automobile. Les tubes 12b sont propres à être parcourus par un fluide réfrigérant R d'une installation de climatisation de véhicule automobile. On comprendra que ces deux fluides circulent dans deux parties différentes du faisceau et sont destinés à être balayés par un même flux d'air qui balaie le faisceau 10.The bundle is divided into two parts, namely a part A forming an oil cooler and composed of tubes 12a and a part B forming a condenser and composed of tubes 12b. The tubes 12a are suitable for being traversed by oil H, such as transmission oil for an automatic gearbox of a motor vehicle. The tubes 12b are capable of being traversed by a refrigerant R of a motor vehicle air conditioning installation. It will be understood that these two fluids circulate in two different parts of the beam and are intended to be swept by the same flow of air which scans the beam 10.

Les boítes collectrices 16 et 18 comportent des cloisons isolantes respectives 20 et 22 pour isoler l'un de l'autre les deux fluides.The manifolds 16 and 18 have partitions respective insulators 20 and 22 to isolate from each other the two fluids.

La cloison 20 divise la boíte collectrice 16 en un compartiment 24 pour l'huile (ici placé en partie supérieure) et un compartiment 26 pour le fluide réfrigérant (ici placé en partie inférieure). De façon correspondante, la cloison 22 divise la boíte collectrice 18 en un compartiment 28 pour l'huile (ici placé en partie supérieure) et un compartiment 30 pour le fluide réfrigérant (ici placé en partie inférieure).The partition 20 divides the manifold 16 into a compartment 24 for oil (here at the top) and a compartment 26 for the refrigerant (here placed in lower part). Correspondingly, the partition 22 divides the manifold 18 into a compartment 28 for oil (here at the top) and a compartment 30 for the refrigerant (here placed in the lower part).

L'huile à refroidir pénètre dans le compartiment 24 par une tubulure d'entrée 32, circule ensuite dans les tubes 12a par un écoulement parallèle pour gagner le compartiment 28. Elle quitte ensuite le compartiment 28 par une tubulure de sortie 34.The oil to be cooled enters compartment 24 through a inlet tubing 32, then flows through the tubes 12a through a parallel flow to reach compartment 28. It then leaves compartment 28 via an outlet pipe 34.

Le compartiment 26 est lui-même divisé en deux parties, à savoir une partie supérieure 36 et une partie inférieure 38, par une cloison 40. De même, le compartiment 30 de la boíte collectrice 18 est divisé en deux parties, à savoir une partie supérieure 42 et une partie inférieure 44, par une cloison 46. Le fluide réfrigérant R pénètre dans le compartiment 36 par une tubulure 48, circule dans une partie des tubes 12b pour gagner le compartiment 42, puis circule en sens inverse pour gagner le compartiment 38. Ensuite, le fluide réfrigérant gagne le compartiment 44, en circulant à nouveau en sens inverse, et quitte l'échangeur de chaleur par une tubulure de sortie 50. Ainsi, dans cet exemple, le fluide réfrigérant R circule de façon alternée selon un mode en trois passes. The compartment 26 is itself divided into two parts, to namely an upper part 36 and a lower part 38, by a partition 40. Similarly, compartment 30 of the box collector 18 is divided into two parts, namely a upper part 42 and lower part 44, by a partition 46. The refrigerant R enters the compartment 36 through a tube 48, circulates in part of the tubes 12b to reach compartment 42, then circulates in opposite direction to reach compartment 38. Then the refrigerant reaches compartment 44, circulating at again in reverse, and leaves the heat exchanger by an outlet pipe 50. Thus, in this example, the fluid refrigerant R circulates alternately in a three passes.

Il est important que les cloisons de séparation 20 et 22 constituent une isolation thermique étant donné que l'huile H se trouve à une température très supérieure à celle du fluide réfrigérant R.It is important that the partition walls 20 and 22 constitute thermal insulation since the oil H is at a temperature much higher than that of refrigerant R.

Les tubes 12a et 12b (figures 2 et 3) sont des tubes plats multi-canaux, obtenus par extrusion à partir d'un alliage métallique approprié, généralement à base d'aluminium.The tubes 12a and 12b (Figures 2 and 3) are flat tubes multi-channel, obtained by extrusion from an alloy suitable metal, usually aluminum based.

Dans l'exemple, chaque tube 12a (figure 2) comporte deux canaux 52 séparés par une cloison 54, alors que chaque tube 12b (figure 3) comporte quatre canaux 56 séparés par trois cloisons 58.In the example, each tube 12a (Figure 2) has two channels 52 separated by a partition 54, while each tube 12b (Figure 3) has four channels 56 separated by three partitions 58.

Toutefois, les tubes 12a et 12b ont la même section transversale extérieure, ce qui permet une standardisation de fabrication, en ce sens que les extrémités des tubes sont reçues dans des trous identiques aménagés dans les boítes collectrices 16 et 18.However, the tubes 12a and 12b have the same cross section exterior, which allows standardization of manufacturing, in the sense that the ends of the tubes are received in identical holes arranged in the boxes manifolds 16 and 18.

Les tubes 12a et 12b ont des diamètres hydrauliques DH, respectivement DHa et DHb.The tubes 12a and 12b have DH hydraulic diameters, DHa and DHb respectively.

On rappellera ici que le diamètre hydraulique DH d'un tube est défini par la formule DH = 4S/P, dans laquelle S désigne l'aire de la section interne du tube (exprimée ici en mm2) et P le périmètre interne, encore appelé "périmètre mouillé", du tube (ici exprimé en mm).It will be recalled here that the hydraulic diameter DH of a tube is defined by the formula DH = 4S / P, in which S denotes the area of the internal section of the tube (expressed here in mm 2 ) and P the internal perimeter, again called "wet perimeter", of the tube (here expressed in mm).

Les tubes 12a et 12b ont ainsi des caractéristiques propres permettant de les adapter respectivement au refroidissement de l'huile et au refroidissement du fluide réfrigérant. Du fait que les tubes 12a ont moins de canaux (et donc moins de cloisons) que les tubes 12b, le diamètre hydraulique des tubes 12a est augmenté, ce qui permet d'abaisser de façon importante la perte de charge générée par la circulation de l'huile dans les tubes 12a. The tubes 12a and 12b thus have their own characteristics allowing them to be adapted respectively to cooling oil and cooling the refrigerant. Of causes tubes 12a to have fewer channels (and therefore fewer partitions) that the tubes 12b, the hydraulic diameter of the tubes 12a is increased, which allows lowering so significant pressure drop generated by the circulation of oil in tubes 12a.

Conformément à l'invention, le produit DHa X DHb présente une valeur qui tombe dans un intervalle défini par l'inégalité suivante : 0,8 mm2 ≤ DHa x DHb ≤ 3,00 mm2. According to the invention, the product DHa X DHb has a value which falls within an interval defined by the following inequality: 0.8mm 2 ≤ DHa x DHb ≤ 3.00 mm 2 .

Lorsque cette inégalité est respectée, on obtient un échangeur de chaleur combiné dans lequel la puissance thermique échangée au niveau de chacun des deux fluides est optimale, tout en limitant la perte de charge du circuit d'huile.When this inequality is respected, a heat exchanger is obtained combined heat in which the thermal power exchanged at each of the two fluids is optimal, while limiting the pressure drop in the oil circuit.

Comme indiqué précédemment, du fait que les tubes 12a et 12b sont parcourus par des fluides à des températures différentes, des phénomènes de dilatation différentielle risquent d'apparaítre et d'engendrer des contraintes, notamment au niveau des joints de brasure entre les tubes et les boítes collectrices.As indicated previously, because the tubes 12a and 12b are traversed by fluids at different temperatures, differential expansion phenomena risk to appear and to generate constraints, in particular level of the solder joints between the tubes and the boxes collector.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 1, on prévoit des cloisons 20 et 22 particulièrement isolantes qui, avantageusement, peuvent être des doubles cloisons.In the embodiment of Figure 1, provision is made particularly insulating partitions 20 and 22 which, advantageously, can be double partitions.

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 4 qui montre une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention avec des moyens formant barrière thermique entre les tubes 12a et les tubes 12b.We now refer to Figure 4 which shows another embodiment of the invention with means forming thermal barrier between the tubes 12a and the tubes 12b.

Dans cette forme de réalisation, le faisceau 10 comporte un tube inactif 12i, encore appelé "tube mort", qui n'est parcouru par aucun fluide et qui débouche entre une double cloison 20 de la boíte collectrice 16 et une double cloison 22 de la boíte collectrice 18.In this embodiment, the bundle 10 includes a inactive tube 12i, also called "dead tube", which is not traversed by no fluid and which leads between a double partition 20 of the manifold 16 and a double partition 22 of the manifold 18.

L'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 5 comporte d'autres moyens formant barrière thermique. Pour cela, le faisceau est aménagé de manière à comporter une région 60 dépourvue d'intercalaires ondulés, qui s'étend entre les parties A et B du faisceau, c'est-à-dire entre deux tubes adjacents 12a et 12b appartenant à ces deux parties A et B. The heat exchanger of Figure 5 has other means forming a thermal barrier. For this, the beam is laid out so as to include a region 60 devoid of corrugated tabs, which extends between parts A and B of the bundle, that is to say between two adjacent tubes 12a and 12b belonging to these two parts A and B.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, les tubes 12a et 12b ont chacun une longueur de 600 mm. Le diamètre hydraulique DHa de chacun des tubes 12a est égal à 1,6, tandis que le diamètre hydraulique DHb de chacun des tubes 12b est égal à 1,313, le produit DHa x DHb étant ainsi égal à 2,1.In an exemplary embodiment, the tubes 12a and 12b have each a length of 600 mm. The hydraulic diameter DHa of each of the tubes 12a is equal to 1.6, while the diameter hydraulic DHb of each of the tubes 12b is equal to 1.313, the product DHa x DHb thus being equal to 2.1.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux formes de réalisation décrites précédemment et s'étend à d'autres variantes.Of course, the invention is not limited to the forms of realization described above and extends to other variants.

Claims (11)

  1. Combined heat exchanger that comprises a bundle (10) of tubes (12) which are connected to header boxes (16, 18) and is divided into a part (A) forming an oil cooler, the tubes (12a) of which are suitable for being coursed by a first fluid, namely oil (H), on the one hand, and into a part (B), the tubes (12b) of which are suitable for being coursed by a second fluid, on the other hand, the tubes (12a) of the part (A) and the tubes (12b) of the part (B) being different,
    characterized in that the part (B) is a condenser, the tubes (12b) of which are suitable for being coursed by a refrigerant (R) and in that the tubes (12a) of the oil cooler part (A) and the tubes (12b) of the condenser part (B) possess respective hydraulic diameters (HDa, HDb) related by the following inequalities:
    Figure 00150001
    where the hydraulic diameter (HD) of a tube is defined by the formula HD = 4S/P, in which S denotes the area of the cross section of the tube, expressed in mm2, and P denotes the internal perimeter or "wetted perimeter" of the tube, expressed in mm.
  2. Heat exchanger according to Claim 1, characterized in that it has only two header boxes (16, 18).
  3. Heat exchanger according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the tubes (12a, 12b) of the bundle (10) are multichannel tubes.
  4. Heat exchanger according to Claim 3, characterized in that the number of channels (52) of the tubes (12a) of the oil cooler part (A) is smaller than the number of channels (56) of the tubes (12b) of the condenser part (B).
  5. Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that the tubes (12a, 12b) of the bundle are obtained by extrusion.
  6. Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that the header boxes (16, 18) each include a separating partition (20, 22) for isolating the oil (H) flowing in the oil cooler part (A) from the refrigerant (R) flowing in the condenser part (B).
  7. Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that means forming a thermal barrier are provided between the tubes (12a) of the oil cooler part (A) and the tubes (12b) of the condenser part (B).
  8. Heat exchanger according to Claim 7, characterized in that the means forming a thermal barrier comprise one tube (12i) of the bundle, called the "inactive tube" or "dead tube", which is not coursed by any fluid and which runs out between double partitions (20, 22) of each of the header boxes (16, 18).
  9. Heat exchanger according to Claim 7, in which corrugated spacers (14) are provided between the tubes of the bundle, characterized in that the means forming a thermal barrier comprise a region (60) devoid of corrugated spacers, which region extends between two adjacent tubes (12a, 12b) belonging to the oil cooler part and to the condenser part, respectively.
  10. Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that the bundle (10) of tubes (12) and the header boxes (16, 18) are joined together by brazing.
  11. Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that the first exchanger is a cooler for automatic gearbox transmission oil.
EP99122374A 1998-11-20 1999-11-10 Integrated heat exchanger, more particularly for automotive vehicle Revoked EP1003005B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9814655 1998-11-20
FR9814655A FR2786259B1 (en) 1998-11-20 1998-11-20 COMBINED HEAT EXCHANGER, PARTICULARLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE

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EP1003005B1 true EP1003005B1 (en) 2004-03-10

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JP3131774B2 (en) * 1997-09-26 2001-02-05 漢拏空調株式会社 Multi-flow condenser for vehicle air conditioner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2786259B1 (en) 2001-02-02
ATE261573T1 (en) 2004-03-15
FR2786259A1 (en) 2000-05-26
EP1003005A1 (en) 2000-05-24
DE69915431D1 (en) 2004-04-15
US6394176B1 (en) 2002-05-28
DE69915431T2 (en) 2004-08-19
ES2217672T3 (en) 2004-11-01
BR9905655A (en) 2000-09-12

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