Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
  • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00147—Holding or positioning arrangements
  • A61B1/00154—Holding or positioning arrangements using guiding arrangements for insertion
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
  • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
  • A61B17/3417—Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
  • A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
  • A61M25/0116—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning self-propelled, e.g. autonomous robots
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
  • A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
  • A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
  • A61M25/0127—Magnetic means; Magnetic markers

Definitions

• the invention refers to a cannula of changeable length and shape, which can be used in medical application during the penetration of various devices, e.g. endoscopes, into the living systems as well as other activities, which necessitate the penetration into a medium, vulnerable to mechanical intervention and/or is without well-shaped confining walls.
• various devices e.g. endoscopes
• tubes, tubular elements (1-7) and devices e.g. endoscopes, including tubes and tubular elements (8, 9), which are characterised by the fact that after penetrating into the body along the existing lumens - oesophagus, blood vessels, etc. - they ensure some protection from mechanical traumas to the surrounding tissues during the operation of the devices.
• a disadvantage of the existing tubes, tubular elements and devices containing tubes and tubular elements is the fact that during their penetration into the living system as well as during their removal, they cause considerable traumas due to the friction between their outside surface and the medium of penetration and particularly to the side pressure exerted by the sections where there are curves.
• the aim of the invention is to create a cannula of changeable length and shape, which is to penetrate the living system not only through existing orifices and which is to reduce to a minimum the traumas to the surrounding medium e.g. the human body.
• the task is solved by a device in which the cannula is formed at entering the working medium only through lengthening the front end, which takes the turns in any direction only through growing in the same direction and which in taken out of the surrounding medium only through shortening of the front end, keeping static all the time in respect to the medium and keeping stable its shape.
• the task is solved by a cannula 1, built up of bands 2 linked between each other, which can move freely in the sections where they are not linked in the interior of the cannula.
• the elongation of the cannula 1 is effected by sliding the bands 2 in its interior toward its growing end whereas they bend in such a way that they finish building its walls whereat they link with each other and become static, and fix the shape of the obtained end section of the cannula length 1.
• the shortening of the cannula 1 is effected by breaking the link between the bands 2 at the end of the cannula along their nex separating and bending, whereat the liberated sections of their length get into the interior of the cannula and slide towards its beginning.
• the reversible bending of the bands 2 at the point of transition from free into linked state and the creation of links between them is effected by an arranging device, attached to the instrument, e.g. the endoscope 3, for whose penetration into the surrounding medium the cannula is built up.
• the shape of the cannula 1 is changed by forming turns in the desired direction when the bands at its external side are pulled and included in the walls of the cannula of greater length than the bands at the internal side of the turn.
• the advantages of the described cannula are:
• the cannula 1 is static in respect to the surrounding medium with the exception of its end section where it lengthens or shortens and thus the friction with the medium is eliminated both of the cannula 1 it self and of the endoscope 3 inserted in it.
• the cannula has a stable shape i.e. it is comparatively solid and therefore at the turns the cannula 1 and the endoscope 3 inserted in it do not press laterally the surrounding medium, i.e. the described cannula 1 does not traumatise the surrounding medium, either by longitudinal friction, or by lateral pressing except at the moment and place of elongation and respectively shortening of the cannula.
• Example 1 A cannula 1 of changeable length and shape, shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, consisting of radially arranged and linked with each other bands 2, which at the cannula end are separated from each other and their free parts are loosely located in the space between the cannula and the endoscope 3.
• the linking of the bands in this example is effected under the influence of magnetic forces, that is why the bands contain particles with constant magnet properties, oriented in such a way that the axis of their poles is perpendicular to their planes whereas in the cannula the bands are arranged in such a way that the contact surfaces are with alternatively changeable magnet poles.
• the transition of the bands 2 from their free state in the interior of the cannula toward their arranged state in the cannula 1 is effected in the adjusting device in the endoscope head 4, which consists of the adjusting lamellas which are in the endoscope head, which has a shape allowing the turning of the band direction at 180°.
• the lamellas are most apart front each other both with their neighbours and with those opposite the diameter D, whereas in the farthest place from the transition point the lamellas are closest to each other along the diameter D 2 , whereat D, greater than D 2 .
• the elongation of the cannula 1 is effected by moving the endoscope 3 and respectively its head 4 in the direction of its penetration into the surrounding medium, whereas at the point of transition around the lamellas 5 as a result of the friction in the rounded channels, in which these lamellas are placed, the bands 2 slide in respect to the endoscope 39, bend at 180°, arrange themselves between the lamellas 5 and after passing the place where these lamellas are the narrowest and are located closest to each other, they turn out to be pressed and linked with each other and included in the end newly-built section of the cannula, which is of stable shape due to the regular arrangement of the bands and the presence of linkage forces.
• the shortening of the cannula is effected by moving the endoscope 3 in the opposite direction and pulling the freely located bands 2 from the beginning of the endoscope outside the surrounding mediums, at which at the point of transition in the cannula end the bands 2 get separated because of moving apart from each other and getting between the adjusting lamellas 5, they turn at 180° at the point of transition and in a free state they are pulled in the direction of the beginning of the endoscope.
• the turns of the cannula are formed by bending the endoscope head 4 in the desired directions at which the bands 2 at the external side of the turn are pulled with a higher speed and a greater length than the bands at the internal side of the turn, and with such different length they are included in the cannula structure, therefore it turns to have a fixed stable curve at the place of the turn.
• Example 2 A cannula 1, shown in figures 4, 5 and 6, similar to that described in Example 1, in which the bands, building up the cannula, are with tangentially located planes at their wide side.
• One of the two narrow sides of each band is formed with a protruding lodge like a male part 6, while the other side is with a recess like a male part 7.
• the bands are linked with each other with their narrow side by clipping the male part 6 of each band with the female part 7 of the next band.
• the linking of the bands in this way is effected at the moment of their maximum tangential closeness on leaving the point of transition, whereat the adjusting lamellae are closest to each other along the diameter D 2 , along which their narrow ends are located, is the smallest.
• the bands are also with tangentially located surfaces of their wide aides but, because of the smaller diameter of the hollow they are in, they overlap each other with some part of their width. At the point of transition the bands are bent at 180° without charging their tangential location of their surfaces along their wide side.
• this cannula Due to the tangential location of the bands 2, the thickness of the cannula is small and a larger free interior section (lumen) remains for moving the endoscope 3.
• the linking of the bands 2 with each other is effected in an ordinary, safe, feasible and easy to master way, the elements to be linked do not interact, while the bands in the interior of the cannula are in a free state.
• Example 3 A cannula 1, shown in fig. 7, similar to that described in Example 2, in which the bands building the cannula are linked with each other by clipping the male part 6 of each narrow side with the female part 7 of the other narrow side of each side, whereat the male part is the unchanged narrow part of the flat band, and the female part is obtained.
• the penetration of the male part of one band into the female part of the next band causes the opening of the cone, forms the female part, while the tension of the link between the two sides of the cone causes pressing of the male part. This pressing, together with the wide sides of the cone ensure the stability of the link between neighbouring bands.
• Patent PF RU 2022518 Cl 13.02.91

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
• Robotics (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Anesthesiology (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Endoscopes (AREA)
• Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
• Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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• 1998
  • 1998-04-02 BG BG102364A patent/BG102364A/xx unknown
• 1999
  • 1999-04-01 EP EP99913027A patent/EP1001700A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-04-01 JP JP54983199A patent/JP2002500545A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-04-01 AU AU31328/99A patent/AU3132899A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-04-01 WO PCT/BG1999/000004 patent/WO1999051139A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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