EP0999142B1 - Method and apparatus for emptying drums,filled with solid material - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for emptying drums,filled with solid material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0999142B1 EP0999142B1 EP99120238A EP99120238A EP0999142B1 EP 0999142 B1 EP0999142 B1 EP 0999142B1 EP 99120238 A EP99120238 A EP 99120238A EP 99120238 A EP99120238 A EP 99120238A EP 0999142 B1 EP0999142 B1 EP 0999142B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- stop
- cutting ring
- barrel
- solids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
- B65B69/005—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for by expelling contents, e.g. by squeezing the container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
- B65B69/0033—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for by cutting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S100/00—Presses
- Y10S100/902—Can crushers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for emptying barrels filled with solids according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for emptying barrels filled with solids according to the preamble of claim 7.
- solids are often filled into barrels with the help of a so-called "drum compactor", ie the solids are strongly compressed when they are filled into the barrels and stored in the barrel in compressed form. Due to the compression, a compact solid mass is created, in which the individual parts and particles partially adhere firmly to one another.
- a drum packed in this way and filled with a solid mass of solids can often no longer be simply emptied by gravity by turning the drum with the lid side facing downwards after removing the drum cover. Even highly viscous substances, which behave similarly to solid substances adhering to one another, can often hardly be removed from their barrels.
- a simple turning over of the barrels as well as a repeated jerky lifting of the upturned barrel remains both for barrel fillings with highly viscous substances and with compressed ones Solids are often unsuccessful. Attempts to empty the barrel with the help of a auger are also often unsuccessful.
- the co-burning of the drums in the case of garbage drums is usually not ecologically sensible and, moreover, uneconomical, since the drums can damage the inner lining of the incinerators.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a device for the simple and effective emptying of drums filled with solids.
- the object is achieved by a method according to the features of claim 1 and by a device according to the features of claim 7.
- a barrel freed from its lid is separated from its barrel bottom and the solids therein, including highly viscous substances, are pressed out of the barrel with the aid of a pressing body penetrating the barrel.
- the advantage of this process is that the drum can always be emptied regardless of the composition and consistency (compression) of the solids. Loose solids more or less fall out of the barrel on their own when they are pushed out of the barrel by a pressing body, strongly compressed solids are driven out of the barrel in the form of a plug by the pressing body.
- a cutting ring is advantageously used to separate the barrel bottom from the barrel, on which the barrel with the barrel bottom is applied approximately vertically. On In this way, the cutting forces that occur are distributed evenly over the approximately circular cutting line defined by the cutting ring.
- a particular advantage results when a cutting force acting in the longitudinal axis of the barrel is applied, since only forces acting on the barrel parallel to the barrel wall are thus applied.
- the cutting ring then acts like a punch.
- a device makes it possible to separate a barrel bottom from the barrel with the aid of a cutting ring, as a result of which solids in the barrel are accessible on the top and bottom sides.
- the solids can be pressed out of the barrel with the aid of a pressing body provided in the device and a stop.
- the cutting ring, the stop and the pressing body By arranging the cutting ring, the stop and the pressing body on a longitudinal axis, which corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the barrel to be positioned, the barrel can be left in the device at the same location for all work steps. While the solids are pressed out of the barrel, the barrel is supported with a barrel wall edge on the stop. As a result, only axial forces act on the barrel wall when the solids are pressed out, which is particularly advantageous.
- the pressing body is advantageously arranged opposite the cutting ring and the stop such that it penetrates into the barrel on the cover side and the barrel is emptied on the bottom side. In this way, the separated barrel bottom with the solids can be pressed out of the barrel and removed without the risk of the barrel bottom jamming in the barrel.
- the cutting ring is dimensioned such that it cuts within the barrel wall. This makes it easier to position the drum on the cutter ring, since the drum base is usually bulged by the protruding drum wall. It is also an advantage to have the serrated edge of the cutting ring, ideally designed in triangular serrations, because the cutting force initially only acts on the points of the serrations, which facilitates the penetration of the cutting edge into the barrel bottom.
- the stop it is particularly advantageous to design the stop so that the entire periphery of the barrel wall lies on the stop. As a uniform distribution of the forces acting on the barrel wall is achieved over the entire barrel wall.
- a stop e.g. a grid or plate or the like can be used which has an opening concentric with the cutting ring. The radius of this opening preferably corresponds to at least one outer radius of the compact, since this allows the barrel to be emptied without hindrance.
- the pressing body can be moved through such an opening of the stop without any problems.
- the cutting ring is arranged to be stationary and the pressing body can be displaced in the form of a ram along the longitudinal axis in the direction of the cutting ring.
- the pressing body can be displaced in the form of a ram along the longitudinal axis in the direction of the cutting ring.
- the cutting ring is advantageously fixed in a holding device which also forms the stop.
- an additional stop can advantageously be provided, which is arranged between the barrel to be positioned and the holding device and is displaceable along the longitudinal axis.
- a stop has an opening whose opening radius is larger than the outer radius of the cutting ring and can be moved between a stop position and a stop position. In the holding position, the stop is in front of the cutting ring against the barrel, while in the stop position the cutting edge of the cutting ring is in front of the stop against the barrel. In this way, the stop can be used at the same time for positioning the barrel on the cutter ring and, after emptying, for releasing the barrel from the cutter ring.
- the barrel wall can be pressed against a stop plate with its help.
- the stop plate is located on the side of the pressing body opposite the stop and at least one barrel height away from it. To stabilize the barrel wall during the pressing together, it is particularly advantageous to leave the pressing body inside the barrel wall until the pressing process has ended.
- a positioning device which positions the barrel in the device and preferably also removes the emptied barrel from it, enables automation of the emptying of barrels.
- the solids can be collected in the container.
- a positioning of the device over a container is e.g. for emptying garbage drums, the device being arranged, for example, over a trough or a garbage bunker.
- the entire device is arranged so that the barrel stands upright when emptying and the pressing body executes its working stroke from top to bottom, the effect of gravity can also be used to empty the barrel. In addition, no additional holding devices for the barrel are then necessary, since the barrel is held on the cutting ring or the stop by gravity.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a device 10 according to the invention with a cutting ring 12, a stop 14 and a pressing body 16.
- the cutting ring 12, stop 14 and pressing body 16 are arranged in a support frame 9 on a longitudinal axis 17 such that the barrel 18 to be positioned is introduced vertically with its barrel bottom 58 down into the device 10, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the cutting ring 12 is then located approximately horizontally below the barrel 18.
- the cutting ring 12 is in a holding device 21, e.g. attached with the help of a clamping ring 28.
- the cutting ring 12 projects with its cutting edge 22 in the direction of the barrel 18 beyond the holding device 21.
- the cutting ring 12 is additionally supported with its edge 26 opposite the cutting edge 22 in a cutout 30.
- a hole 34 in the holding device 21, which is located concentrically to the cutting ring 12 and is located directly below the cutout 30, has a hole radius r3 which is equal to the inner radius r4 of the cutting ring 12.
- the cutting ring 12 is dimensioned such that the cutting edge 22 cuts within the barrel wall 32.
- the outside radius r1 of the cutting ring 12 is therefore smaller than the inside radius r2.
- the cutting edge 22 of the cutting ring 12 is in the form of triangular prongs 24.
- the pressing body 16 is designed in the form of a hydraulic tappet 36 which has a tappet plate 38.
- the ram plate 38 has a plate radius r5, for which r5 ⁇ r2 ⁇ r3, r4 applies.
- the plunger 36 can be displaced from its rest position A along the longitudinal axis 17, the plunger plate 38 being movable during a working stroke up through the cutting ring 12 and the hole 34 in the holding device 21. Clogging of the cutting ring 12 and the hole 34 can thereby be prevented.
- the stop 14 in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is designed such that it can be used for positioning the barrel 18 on the cutting ring 12 and also for releasing the emptied barrel 18 from the cutting ring 12.
- the stop 14 is designed in the form of a plate 42 which has an opening 46, the opening radius r6 of which is greater than the outer radius r1 of the cutting ring 12.
- the stop 14 designed as a plate 42 is arranged in front of the holding device 21 in the direction of the barrel 18 and arranged so that the opening 46 and the cutting ring 12 are concentric.
- the plate 42 driven by hydraulic cylinders 48, can be displaced along the longitudinal axis 17 between a stop position a, in which the stop 14 rests on the holding device 21 of the cutting ring 14 (see FIG. 2), and a holding position b, in which the stop 14 is so spaced from the holding device 21 that it is in front of the cutting edge 22 of the cutting ring 12 (cf. FIG. 1).
- the hydraulic cylinders 48 are located under the holding device 21 and are firmly connected to the latter.
- the associated pistons 50 are guided through passage openings 52 in the holding device 21 and firmly connected to the plate 42.
- a hollow cylinder or another holder 54 can be arranged with a receiving opening 56 concentric with the hole 46, as is shown in FIG. 1 with dashed lines.
- the receiving opening 56 is dimensioned such that the barrel 18 fits into it with play.
- the device 10 'shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b has essentially the same structure as the device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The same elements are therefore also identified by the same reference numerals.
- the pressing body 16 in the device 10 'shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b not only has a tappet plate 38, but also an enveloping cylinder 80 surrounding the hydraulic cylinders 40 and connected to the tappet plate 38.
- the enveloping cylinder 80 prevents that when the pressing body 16 ends in the barrel 18, solids 60 passing laterally through a gap existing between the barrel wall 32 and the ram plate 38 reach the side of the ram plate 38 facing away from the barrel 18 and contaminate the ram plate 38 and possibly the hydraulics 40.
- the plunger plate 38 is either fitted snugly into the enveloping cylinder 80 or the enveloping cylinder 80 has the same outer radius r 5 as the plunger plate 38 and is attached to the plunger plate 38 on the side facing away from the barrel.
- the plunger plate 38 is very important to prevent contamination of the side of the pusher plate facing away from the barrel with the contents of the barrel.
- a stop plate 82 is arranged opposite on the side of the pressing body 16 and the cutting ring 12.
- the Stop 14 can be moved hydraulically along the longitudinal axis 17 beyond its holding position b up to this stop plate 82 into a pressing position c, whereby the barrel wall 32 can be pressed together after the barrel 18 has been emptied.
- the hydraulic cylinders 48 to the pistons 50 moving the stop 14 are arranged on the side of the pressed body 16, the pistons being passed through openings 84 in the stop plate 82.
- the stop plate 82 Concentric to the cutting ring 12 and the pressing body 16, the stop plate 82 has a further opening 86 for the passage of the pressing body 16.
- stop plate 82 on the side facing away from the barrel with a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 90 and thus to make the stop plate 82 movable in the direction of the stop 14.
- Stop plate 82 and stop 14 can also be designed to be movable towards one another.
- a barrel 18, the cover of which has already been removed, is transported, for example, via a roller drive 88, as shown in FIG. 3a, and with the aid of a positioning device 92, for example with a driven hollow cylinder whose diameter can be adjusted or a corresponding robot gripper, such as it is shown in Fig. 4a, placed on the stop 14 located in the holding position b.
- the barrel is concentric with the opening 46 of the stop 14 on the plate 42 of the stop 14, with its barrel bottom 58 facing downward.
- the stop 14 is now moved to the stop position c the barrel 18 with its barrel bottom 58 comes to rest on the cutting ring 12, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4b.
- Now the plunger 36 is moved along the longitudinal axis 17 against the cutting ring 12, as shown in Fig.
- the plunger 16 penetrates into the barrel 18 on the cover side and, with its plunger plate 38, first presses the solids 60 located in the barrel 18 against the barrel bottom 58. If the solids 60 cannot be pressed further together, the compressive force, which acts uniformly distributed on the solids 60 via the pusher plate 38, is transmitted fully to the drum base 58 and further to the cutting ring 12. The pressure force acting in the direction of the cutting ring, parallel to the barrel wall, acts as a cutting force and presses the barrel bottom into the prongs 24 of the cutting ring 12. The barrel bottom 58 is finally separated from the barrel 18 in a manner similar to a punching process.
- the drum base 58 can now be collected with the solids 60 from the drum 18 in a collecting container 94 below the cutting ring 12. However, the drum base 58 can also be previously separated from the contents by means of a corresponding transport device 96 and passed on to a separate container 98 for the drum material.
- 4b shows a transport device 96 with a hydraulic cylinder 70 and an associated piston 72 as an example. At the front end of the piston 72, a plate-like element 76 having a flange 78 is connected to the piston 72 via a joint 74. During the separation of the drum base 58 from the drum 18, the plate-like element 76 is located below the cutting ring 12 in order to catch the drum base 58 if it falls off after the separation.
- the drum base 58 is transported hydraulically on the plate-like element 76 to above the container 98. Via the joint 74, the plate-like element 76 is tilted above the container 98 by at least 90 ° and the barrel bottom 58 dropped from the plate-like member 76 into the container.
- the pressing body 16 continues its working stroke and the contents of the barrel 18 are pressed down over the cutting ring 12 until it hits the stop 14 with its barrel wall edge 62 and is held by the latter against the pressing force of the pressing body 16.
- the solids 60 are pushed further down by the plunger 36 and pressed out from the bottom of the barrel 18 and further through the hole 34 in the holding device 21 into the collecting container 94. If the barrel bottom 58 adheres firmly to the solids 60 from the barrel 18, it will it is pressed out of the barrel 18 with the solids 60 and can be stripped laterally from the solids 60 when the plate-like element 76 is reached by means of the flange 78.
- the stop 14 After emptying, the stop 14 is moved back into the holding position, the barrel 18 resting on the stop 14 with its barrel wall edge 62 being pushed upwards beyond the cutting ring 12 and being released from the cutting ring 12.
- the empty barrel 18 is now, for example, by means of a positioning device 92, as shown in FIG. 4a, or a removal device removed from the stop 14 and disposed of, for example, in a collecting container 96.
- the cylindrical barrel wall 38 is then pressed together in the direction of the longitudinal axis 17 after the barrel 18 has been emptied.
- the stop 14 can be moved hydraulically onto the stop board 82, as in FIG. 3a, or the stop board 82 can be moved hydraulically onto the stop 14, as shown in FIGS. 4 a to 4 e.
- the pressing body 16 with its enveloping cylinder 88 remains in the center of the same during the pressing together of the barrel wall 58, as can be seen in FIG. 4c.
- the compressed barrel wall 32 ' can finally be removed from the device 10', 10 '' by means of a corresponding device 100, as shown in Fig. 4d, and e.g. can also be placed in the container 98 for the barrel material.
- the cutting ring is additionally set in a rapid rotation, so that shear forces occur and the separation of the barrel bottom 58 from the barrel 18 is less of a punching out than cutting.
- the device 10, 10 ', 10'' can of course also be arranged horizontally or inclined downward with its longitudinal axis 17. A slope upwards or even mirror-inverted is also conceivable. However, in these embodiments, a special holding device for holding the drum 18 must be provided since it does not pass through gravity is held on the cutting edge 22 of the cutting ring 12.
- the holding device 21 of the cutting ring 12 can also be provided as a stop 14, for example.
- the stop 14 and the stop plate 82 can instead of a plate also as a grid or in the form of e.g. bracing formed by beams.
- the pressing body 16/36 can also be driven into the bottom of the barrel 18 and the solids 60 can be pressed out on the cover side.
- the drum base 58 must then, however, possibly be removed in a separate work step or also pressed through the drum 18 with the solids 60.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Devices For Opening Bottles Or Cans (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entleeren von mit Feststoffen gefüllten Fässern gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Entleeren von mit Feststoffen gefüllten Fässern gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruches 7.The invention relates to a method for emptying barrels filled with solids according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for emptying barrels filled with solids according to the preamble of claim 7.
Um die Aufnahmekapazität von Fässern voll auszunützen werden Feststoffe heute häufig mit Hilfe eines sogenannten "drum compactor" in Fässer gefüllt, d.h. die Feststoffe werden beim Einfüllen in die Fässer stark zusammengepresst und in verdichteter Form im Fass gespeichert. Bedingt durch die Verdichtung entsteht eine kompakte Feststoffmasse, in der die einzelnen Teile und Partikel zum Teil fest aneinander haften. Ein so bepacktes, mit einer fest zusammenhängenden Masse aus Feststoffen gefülltes Fass lässt sich nach dem Entfernen des Fassdekkels oft nicht mehr einfach mit Hilfe der Schwerkraft, durch Umdrehen des Fasses mit der Deckelseite gegen Unten entleeren. Auch hochviskose Stoffe, die sich ja ähnlich wie fest aneinander haftende Feststoffe verhalten, lassen sich oft kaum aus ihren Fässern entfernen. Ein einfaches Umdrehen der Fässer ebenso wie ein wiederholtes ruckartiges Heben des umgedrehten Fasses bleiben sowohl für Fassfüllungen mit hochviskosen Stoffen als auch mit verdichteten Feststoffen oft erfolglos. Versuche das Fass mit Hilfe eines Schneckenbohrers zu entleeren sind ebenfalls häufig erfolglos. Das Mitverbrennen der Fässer im Falle von Müllfässern ist ökologisch meist nicht sinnvoll und obendrein unwirtschaftlich, da die Fässer die Innenauskleidung der Verbrennungsöfen beschädigen können. Die Stillstandszeiten einer Verbrennungsanlage für Reparaturen und die Reparaturkosten selbst machen insbesondere bei Verbrennungsöfen für Sondermüll ein Verbrennen der Fässer unrentabel.In order to fully utilize the absorption capacity of barrels, solids are often filled into barrels with the help of a so-called "drum compactor", ie the solids are strongly compressed when they are filled into the barrels and stored in the barrel in compressed form. Due to the compression, a compact solid mass is created, in which the individual parts and particles partially adhere firmly to one another. A drum packed in this way and filled with a solid mass of solids can often no longer be simply emptied by gravity by turning the drum with the lid side facing downwards after removing the drum cover. Even highly viscous substances, which behave similarly to solid substances adhering to one another, can often hardly be removed from their barrels. A simple turning over of the barrels as well as a repeated jerky lifting of the upturned barrel remains both for barrel fillings with highly viscous substances and with compressed ones Solids are often unsuccessful. Attempts to empty the barrel with the help of a auger are also often unsuccessful. The co-burning of the drums in the case of garbage drums is usually not ecologically sensible and, moreover, uneconomical, since the drums can damage the inner lining of the incinerators. The downtimes of an incineration plant for repairs and the repair costs themselves make burning the drums unprofitable, especially for incinerators for hazardous waste.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum einfachen und wirkungsvollen Entleeren von mit Feststoffen gefüllten Fässern zu Verfügung zu stellen.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a device for the simple and effective emptying of drums filled with solids.
Die Aufgabe wird erfüllt durch ein Verfahren gemäss den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und durch eine Vorrichtung gemäss den Merkmalen des Anspruches 7.The object is achieved by a method according to the features of claim 1 and by a device according to the features of claim 7.
Bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren wird ein von seinem Deckel befreites Fass von seinem Fassboden getrennt und die darin befindlichen Feststoffe, worunter auch hochviskose Stoffe verstanden werden, werden mit Hilfe eines in das Fass eindringenden Presskörpers aus dem Fass herausgedrückt. Der Vorteil dieses Verfahrens liegt darin, dass das Fass unabhängig von der Zusammensetzung und der Konsistenz (Verdichtung) der Feststoffe immer entleert werden kann. Lose Feststoffe fallen mehr oder weniger von selbst aus dem Fass, wenn sie von einem Presskörper aus dem Fass geschoben werden, stark verdichtete Feststoffe werden vom Presskörper in der Form eines Stopfens aus dem Fass herausgetrieben.In the method according to the invention, a barrel freed from its lid is separated from its barrel bottom and the solids therein, including highly viscous substances, are pressed out of the barrel with the aid of a pressing body penetrating the barrel. The advantage of this process is that the drum can always be emptied regardless of the composition and consistency (compression) of the solids. Loose solids more or less fall out of the barrel on their own when they are pushed out of the barrel by a pressing body, strongly compressed solids are driven out of the barrel in the form of a plug by the pressing body.
Vorteilhafterweise wird zum Abtrennen des Fassbodens vom Fass ein Schneidering verwendet, auf welchem das Fass mit dem Fassboden in etwa senkrecht aufgebracht wird. Auf diese Weise verteilen sich die auftretenden Schneidekräfte gleichmässig über der vom Schneidering definierten, in etwa kreisförmigen Schneidelinie.A cutting ring is advantageously used to separate the barrel bottom from the barrel, on which the barrel with the barrel bottom is applied approximately vertically. On In this way, the cutting forces that occur are distributed evenly over the approximately circular cutting line defined by the cutting ring.
Ein besonderer Vorteil ergibt sich, wenn eine in der Längsachse des Fasses wirkende Schneidekraft aufgebracht wird, da so nur Kräfte parallel zur Fasswand auf das Fass einwirken. Der Schneidering wirkt dann ähnlich einem Stanzwerkzeug.A particular advantage results when a cutting force acting in the longitudinal axis of the barrel is applied, since only forces acting on the barrel parallel to the barrel wall are thus applied. The cutting ring then acts like a punch.
Dringt der Presskörper deckelseitig in das von seinem Deckel befreite Fass, so kann das Trennen des Fassbodens vom Fass und das Entleeren des Fasses in einem Arbeitsschritt kombiniert werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil, den diese Verfahrensweise mitsichbringt, ist, dass durch die Übertragung der Schneidekraft über die Feststoffe im Fassinnneren und über den Fassboden auf den Schneidering eine Verformung des Fasses weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden kann.If the pressing body penetrates into the barrel freed from its lid, the separation of the barrel bottom from the barrel and the emptying of the barrel can be combined in one work step. Another advantage that this procedure brings with it is that deformation of the barrel can be largely excluded by transferring the cutting force via the solids inside the barrel and via the barrel bottom to the cutting ring.
Eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung gemäss Anspruch 7 ermöglicht es, mit Hilfe eines Schneiderings einen Fassboden vom Fass zu trennen, wodurch im Fass befindlichen Feststoffe deckelseitig und bodenseitig zugänglich werden. Dadurch können die Feststoffe mit Hilfe eines in der Vorrichtung vorgesehenen Presskörpers und eines Anschlages aus dem Fass herausgedrückt werden. Durch die Anordnung des Schneiderings, des Anschlages und des Presskörpers auf einer Längsachse, die der Längsachse des zu positionierenden Fasses entspricht, kann das Fass für alle Arbeitsschritte am gleichen Ort in der Vorrichtung belassen werden. Während die Feststoffe aus dem Fass herausgedrückt werden, ist das Fass mit einer Fasswandkante auf dem Anschlag abgestützt. Dadurch wirken beim Herausdrükken der Feststoffe nur axiale Kräfte auf die Fasswand, was besonders vorteilhaft ist.A device according to the invention makes it possible to separate a barrel bottom from the barrel with the aid of a cutting ring, as a result of which solids in the barrel are accessible on the top and bottom sides. As a result, the solids can be pressed out of the barrel with the aid of a pressing body provided in the device and a stop. By arranging the cutting ring, the stop and the pressing body on a longitudinal axis, which corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the barrel to be positioned, the barrel can be left in the device at the same location for all work steps. While the solids are pressed out of the barrel, the barrel is supported with a barrel wall edge on the stop. As a result, only axial forces act on the barrel wall when the solids are pressed out, which is particularly advantageous.
Der Presskörper ist vorteilhafterweise gegenüber dem Schneidering und dem Anschlag so angeordnet, dass er dekkelseitig in das Fass eindringt und das Fass bodenseitig entleert wird. Auf diese Weise kann der abgetrennte Fassboden mit den Feststoffen zusammen aus dem Fass herausgedrückt und entfernt werden ohne dass die Gefahr besteht, dass der Fassboden im Fass verkantet.The pressing body is advantageously arranged opposite the cutting ring and the stop such that it penetrates into the barrel on the cover side and the barrel is emptied on the bottom side. In this way, the separated barrel bottom with the solids can be pressed out of the barrel and removed without the risk of the barrel bottom jamming in the barrel.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Schneidering so dimensioniert, dass er innerhalb der Fasswand schneidet. Dies erleichtert das Positionieren des Fasses am Schneidering, da der Fassboden in der Regel von der überstehenden Fasswand wulstartig umfasst ist. Ebenfalls von Vorteil ist es die Schneide des Schneiderings gezackt, am besten in dreieckförmigen Zacken auszugestalten, da so die Schneidekraft zunächst nur punktuell an den Spitzen der Zacken wirkt, was das Eindringen der Schneide in den Fassboden erleichtert.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the cutting ring is dimensioned such that it cuts within the barrel wall. This makes it easier to position the drum on the cutter ring, since the drum base is usually bulged by the protruding drum wall. It is also an advantage to have the serrated edge of the cutting ring, ideally designed in triangular serrations, because the cutting force initially only acts on the points of the serrations, which facilitates the penetration of the cutting edge into the barrel bottom.
Besonders Vorteilhaft ist es, den Anschlag so auszugestalten, dass die Fasswandkante mit ihrem gesamten Umfang auf dem Anschlag aufliegt. Da so eine gleichmässige Verteilung der auf die Fasswand wirkenden Kräfte auf die ganze Fasswand erreicht wird. Als Anschlag kann z.B. ein Gitter oder eine Platte oder etwas ähnliches verwendet werden, die eine mit dem Schneidering konzentrische Öffnung aufweist. Vorzugsweise entspricht der Radius dieser Öffnung mindestens einem Aussenradius des Presskörpers, da dies ein unbehindertes Entleeren des Fasses erlaubt. Zudem kann der Presskörper problemlos durch eine solche Öffnung des Anschlags hindurch bewegt werden.It is particularly advantageous to design the stop so that the entire periphery of the barrel wall lies on the stop. As a uniform distribution of the forces acting on the barrel wall is achieved over the entire barrel wall. As a stop, e.g. a grid or plate or the like can be used which has an opening concentric with the cutting ring. The radius of this opening preferably corresponds to at least one outer radius of the compact, since this allows the barrel to be emptied without hindrance. In addition, the pressing body can be moved through such an opening of the stop without any problems.
In einer besonders Vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Schneidering feststehend angeordnet und der Presskörper ist in Form eines Stössels entlang der Längsachse in Richtung auf den Schneidering verschiebbar. Eine solche Ausführungsform erlaubt das Abtrennen des Fassbodens und das Herausdrücken der Feststoffe aus dem Fass in einem Arbeitsschritt.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the cutting ring is arranged to be stationary and the pressing body can be displaced in the form of a ram along the longitudinal axis in the direction of the cutting ring. Such an embodiment allows the barrel bottom and pushing the solids out of the barrel in one step.
Vorteilhafterweise ist bei einer solchen Ausführungsform der Schneidering in einer Haltevorrichtung fixiert, die zugleich den Anschlag bildet.In such an embodiment, the cutting ring is advantageously fixed in a holding device which also forms the stop.
Neben dem in oder an einer Halteeinrichtung befestigten Schneidering kann mit Vorteil ein zusätzlicher Anschlag vorgesehen sein, der zwischen dem zu positionierenden Fass und der Halteeinrichtung angeordnet und entlang der Längsachse verschiebbar ist. Ein solcher Anschlag weist eine Öffnung auf deren Öffnungsradius grösser ist als der Aussenradius des Schneiderings und ist zwischen einer Halteposition und einer Anschlagposition verschiebbar. In der Halteposition ist der Anschlag dem Schneidering gegen das Fass hin vorgelagert, während in der Anschlagposition die Schneide des Schneiderings dem Anschlag gegen das Fass hin vorgelagert ist. Auf diese weise kann der Anschlag zugleich zum Positionieren des Fasses auf dem Schneiderring und nach dem Entleeren auch wieder zum Lösen des Fasses vom Schneidering eingesetzt werden.In addition to the cutting ring fastened in or on a holding device, an additional stop can advantageously be provided, which is arranged between the barrel to be positioned and the holding device and is displaceable along the longitudinal axis. Such a stop has an opening whose opening radius is larger than the outer radius of the cutting ring and can be moved between a stop position and a stop position. In the holding position, the stop is in front of the cutting ring against the barrel, while in the stop position the cutting edge of the cutting ring is in front of the stop against the barrel. In this way, the stop can be used at the same time for positioning the barrel on the cutter ring and, after emptying, for releasing the barrel from the cutter ring.
Ist der Anschlag über die Halteposition hinaus in Richtung des Presskörpers verschiebbar, so kann mit seiner Hilfe die Fasswand gegen eine Anschlagplatte zusammengepresst werden. Die Anschlagplatte befindet sich dabei auf der Seite des Presskörpers dem Anschlag gegenüber und mindestens eine Fasshöhe von diesem entfernt. Zur Stabilisierung der Fasswand während des Zusammenpressens kann mit besonderem Vorteil der Presskörper innerhalb der Fasswand belassen werden, bis der Pressvorgang beendet ist.If the stop can be moved beyond the holding position in the direction of the pressing body, the barrel wall can be pressed against a stop plate with its help. The stop plate is located on the side of the pressing body opposite the stop and at least one barrel height away from it. To stabilize the barrel wall during the pressing together, it is particularly advantageous to leave the pressing body inside the barrel wall until the pressing process has ended.
Eine Positioniereinrichtung, die das Fass in der Vorrichtung positioniert und vorzugsweise auch das entleerte Fass wieder aus dieser entfernt, ermöglicht eine Automatisierung des Entleerens von Fässern.A positioning device, which positions the barrel in the device and preferably also removes the emptied barrel from it, enables automation of the emptying of barrels.
Ist die Vorrichtung über einem Behälter positioniert, so können die Feststoffe in dem Behälter gesammelt werden. Eine solche Positionierung der Vorrichtung über einem Behälter bietet sich z.B. für die Entleerung von Müllfässern an, wobei die Vorrichtung beispielsweise über einer Mulde oder einem Müllbunker angeordnet ist.If the device is positioned over a container, the solids can be collected in the container. Such a positioning of the device over a container is e.g. for emptying garbage drums, the device being arranged, for example, over a trough or a garbage bunker.
Ist die ganze Vorrichtung so angeordnet, dass das Fass beim Entleeren aufrecht steht und der Presskörper seinen Arbeitshub von oben nach unten ausführt, so kann zum Entleeren des Fasses zusätzlich die Wirkung der Schwerkraft genutzt werden. Ausserdem sind dann keine zusätzlichen Halteeinrichtungen für das Fass nötig, da das Fass durch die Schwerkraft auf dem Schneidering bzw. dem Anschlag gehalten wird.If the entire device is arranged so that the barrel stands upright when emptying and the pressing body executes its working stroke from top to bottom, the effect of gravity can also be used to empty the barrel. In addition, no additional holding devices for the barrel are then necessary, since the barrel is held on the cutting ring or the stop by gravity.
Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand weiterer abhängiger Ansprüche.Further preferred embodiments are the subject of further dependent claims.
Anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 wird im Folgenden die Erfindung beispielhaft erläutert. Es zeigen rein schematisch:
- Fig. 1
- eine Vorrichtung zum Entleeren von mit Feststoffen gefüllten Fässern mit einem in der Vorrichtung positionierten Fass, vor dessen Positionierung auf einem Schneidering der Vorrichtung;
- Fig. 2
- die Vorrichtung und das Fass aus Fig.1 mit dem auf dem Schneidering positionierten Fass;
- Fig. 3a
- von der Seite eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung mit einem in der Vorrichtung positionierten Fass, wobei der Anschlag in Richtung auf den Presskörper gegen eine Anschlagplatte bewegbar ist, so dass eine Fasswand in Richtung der Fasslängsachse zusammengepresst werden kann;
- Fig. 3b
- die Vorrichtung aus Fig. 3a im Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B; und
- Fig. 4a bis 4e
- im Längsschnitt eine dritte bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung mit einem in der Vorrichtung positionierten Fass in verschiedenen Abschnitten des Verfahrens.
- Fig. 1
- a device for emptying barrels filled with solids with a barrel positioned in the device, before its positioning on a cutting ring of the device;
- Fig. 2
- the device and the barrel of Figure 1 with the barrel positioned on the cutting ring;
- Fig. 3a
- from the side a further preferred embodiment of the device with a barrel positioned in the device, the stop being movable in the direction of the pressing body against a stop plate, so that a barrel wall can be pressed together in the direction of the barrel longitudinal axis;
- Fig. 3b
- the device of Figure 3a in section along the line BB. and
- 4a to 4e
- in longitudinal section a third preferred embodiment of the device with a barrel positioned in the device in different sections of the method.
Die Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung 10 mit einem Schneidering 12, einem Anschlag 14 und einem Presskörper 16. Schneidering 12, Anschlag 14 und Presskörper 16 sind in einem Traggestell 9 auf einer Längsachse 17 derart angeordnet, dass das zu positionierende Fass 18 senkrecht mit seinem Fassboden 58 nach unten in die Vorrichtung 10 eingebracht wird, wie dies in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellt ist. Der Schneidering 12 befindet sich dann etwa waagerecht unterhalb des Fasses 18.1 and 2 show a device 10 according to the invention with a cutting ring 12, a stop 14 and a pressing body 16. The cutting ring 12, stop 14 and pressing body 16 are arranged in a support frame 9 on a longitudinal axis 17 such that the barrel 18 to be positioned is introduced vertically with its barrel bottom 58 down into the device 10, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The cutting ring 12 is then located approximately horizontally below the barrel 18.
Der Schneidering 12 ist in einer Halteeinrichtung 21, z.B. mit Hilfe eines Spannringes 28 befestigt. Der Schneidering 12 ragt mit seiner Schneide 22 in Richtung auf das Fass 18 über die Halteeinrichtung 21 hinaus. In der in Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist der Schneidering 12 zusätzlich mit seiner der Schneide 22 gegenüberliegende Kante 26 in einer Ausfräsung 30 abgestützt. Ein unmittelbar unterhalb der Ausfräsung 30 befindliches, konzentrisch zum Schneidering 12 angeordnetes Loch 34 in der Halteeinrichtung 21 weist einen Lochradius r3 auf, der gleich dem Innendradius r4 des Schneiderings 12 ist.The cutting ring 12 is in a holding device 21, e.g. attached with the help of a clamping ring 28. The cutting ring 12 projects with its cutting edge 22 in the direction of the barrel 18 beyond the holding device 21. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cutting ring 12 is additionally supported with its edge 26 opposite the cutting edge 22 in a cutout 30. A hole 34 in the holding device 21, which is located concentrically to the cutting ring 12 and is located directly below the cutout 30, has a hole radius r3 which is equal to the inner radius r4 of the cutting ring 12.
Wie in Fig. 2 deutlich zu erkennen, ist der Schneidering 12 so dimensioniert, dass die Schneide 22 innerhalb der Fasswand 32 schneidet. Der Aussenradius r1 des Schneiderings 12 ist also kleiner als der Fassinnenradius r2. Die Schneide 22 des Schneiderings 12 ist in Form von dreieckförmigen Zacken 24 ausgebildet.As can be clearly seen in FIG. 2, the cutting ring 12 is dimensioned such that the cutting edge 22 cuts within the barrel wall 32. The outside radius r1 of the cutting ring 12 is therefore smaller than the inside radius r2. The cutting edge 22 of the cutting ring 12 is in the form of triangular prongs 24.
Der Presskörper 16 ist in Form eines hydraulischen Stössels 36 ausgebildet, der eine Stösselplatte 38 aufweist. Die Stösselplatte 38 hat einen Plattenradius r5, für den gilt r5 < r2 < r3, r4. Mit Hilfe dreier hydraulischer Zylinder-Kolben Aggregate 40 ist der Stössel 36 von seiner Ruheposition A entlang der Längsachse 17 verschiebbar, wobei die Stösselplatte 38 während eines Arbeitshubes bis durch den Schneidering 12 und das Loch 34 in der Halteeinrichtung 21 bewegbar ist. Dadurch kann ein Verstopfen des Schneiderings 12 und des Loches 34 verhindert werden.The pressing body 16 is designed in the form of a hydraulic tappet 36 which has a tappet plate 38. The ram plate 38 has a plate radius r5, for which r5 <r2 <r3, r4 applies. With the help of three hydraulic cylinder-piston units 40, the plunger 36 can be displaced from its rest position A along the longitudinal axis 17, the plunger plate 38 being movable during a working stroke up through the cutting ring 12 and the hole 34 in the holding device 21. Clogging of the cutting ring 12 and the hole 34 can thereby be prevented.
Der Anschlag 14 ist in dem in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Beispiel so ausgebildet, dass er zugleich zum Positionieren des Fasses 18 auf dem Schneidering 12 und auch zum Lösen des entleerten Fasses 18 vom Schneidering 12 einsetzbar ist. Dazu ist der Anschlag 14 in Form einer Platte 42 ausgebildet, die eine Öffnung 46 aufweist, deren Öffnungsradius r6 grösser ist als der Aussenradius r1 des Schneiderings 12. Der als Platte 42 ausgebildete Anschlag 14 ist der Halteeinrichtung 21 in Richtung auf das Fass 18 hin vorgelagert und so angeordnet, dass die Öffnung 46 und der Schneidering 12 konzentrisch sind. Die Platte 42 ist, angetrieben mittels Hydraulikzylinder 48, entlang der Längsachse 17 verschiebbar und zwar zwischen einer Anschlagposition a, bei welcher der Anschlag 14 auf der Halteeinrichtung 21 des Schneiderings 14 aufliegt (vgl. Fig. 2), und einer Halteposition b, in welcher der Anschlag 14 so von der Halteeinrichtung 21 beabstandet ist, dass er der Schneide 22 des Schneiderings 12 vorgelagert ist (vgl. Fig. 1).The stop 14 in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is designed such that it can be used for positioning the barrel 18 on the cutting ring 12 and also for releasing the emptied barrel 18 from the cutting ring 12. For this purpose, the stop 14 is designed in the form of a plate 42 which has an opening 46, the opening radius r6 of which is greater than the outer radius r1 of the cutting ring 12. The stop 14 designed as a plate 42 is arranged in front of the holding device 21 in the direction of the barrel 18 and arranged so that the opening 46 and the cutting ring 12 are concentric. The plate 42, driven by hydraulic cylinders 48, can be displaced along the longitudinal axis 17 between a stop position a, in which the stop 14 rests on the holding device 21 of the cutting ring 14 (see FIG. 2), and a holding position b, in which the stop 14 is so spaced from the holding device 21 that it is in front of the cutting edge 22 of the cutting ring 12 (cf. FIG. 1).
In dem in Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Beispiel befinden sich die Hydraulikzylinder 48 unter der Halteeinrichtung 21 und sind fest mit dieser verbunden. Die zugehörigen Kolben 50 sind durch Durchlassöffnungen 52 in der Halteeinrichtung 21 geführt und mit der Platte 42 fest verbunden.In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hydraulic cylinders 48 are located under the holding device 21 and are firmly connected to the latter. The associated pistons 50 are guided through passage openings 52 in the holding device 21 and firmly connected to the plate 42.
Für ein leichtes Positionieren auf der Platte 42 und um ein seitliches Verrutschen des Fasses 18 während der Bewegung der Platte 42 zu verhindern, kann auf der Platte 42 z.B. ein Hohlzylinder oder eine andere Halterung 54 mit einer zum Loch 46 konzentrischen Aufnahmeöffnung 56 angeordnet sein, wie dies in Fig. 1 mit gestrichelten Linien dargestellt ist. Die Aufnahmeöffnung 56 ist so dimensioniert, dass das Fass 18 mit Spiel hineinpasst.For easy positioning on the plate 42 and to prevent the barrel 18 from slipping sideways during the movement of the plate 42, e.g. a hollow cylinder or another holder 54 can be arranged with a receiving opening 56 concentric with the hole 46, as is shown in FIG. 1 with dashed lines. The receiving opening 56 is dimensioned such that the barrel 18 fits into it with play.
Die in den Fig. 3a und 3b gezeigte Vorrichtung 10' ist im Wesentlichen gleich aufgebaut wie die in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte Vorrichtung 10. Gleiche Elemente sind daher auch mit gleichen Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet. Im Unterschied zur Vorrichtung 10 weist der Presskörper 16 in der in Fig. 3a, 3b gezeigten Vorrichtung 10' nicht nur eine Stösselplatte 38 auf, sondern zusätzlich einen die Hydraulikzylinder 40 umgebenden und mit der Stösselplatte 38 verbundenen Hüllzylinder 80. Der Hüllzylinder 80 verhindert, dass beim Endringen des Presskörpers 16 in das Fass 18 seitlich durch einen zwischen Fasswand 32 und Stösselplatte 38 bestehenden Spalt hindurchtretende Feststoffe 60 auf die dem Fass 18 abgewandten Seite der Stösselplatte 38 gelangen und die Stösselplatte 38 sowie gegebenenfalls die Hydraulik 40 verschmutzen. Dazu ist die Stösselplatte 38 entweder passgenau in den Hüllzylinder 80 eingepasst oder der Hüllzylinder 80 weist den gleichen Aussenradius r5 auf wie die Stösselplatte 38 und ist auf der fassabgewandten Seite an die Stösselplatte 38 angesetzt. Besonders bei mit Sondermüll gefüllten Fässern ist es sehr wichtig, eine Verunreinigung der fassabgewandten Seite der Stösselplatte mit den Inhaltstoffen des Fasses zu verhindern.The device 10 'shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b has essentially the same structure as the device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The same elements are therefore also identified by the same reference numerals. In contrast to the device 10, the pressing body 16 in the device 10 'shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b not only has a tappet plate 38, but also an enveloping cylinder 80 surrounding the hydraulic cylinders 40 and connected to the tappet plate 38. The enveloping cylinder 80 prevents that when the pressing body 16 ends in the barrel 18, solids 60 passing laterally through a gap existing between the barrel wall 32 and the ram plate 38 reach the side of the ram plate 38 facing away from the barrel 18 and contaminate the ram plate 38 and possibly the hydraulics 40. For this purpose, the plunger plate 38 is either fitted snugly into the enveloping cylinder 80 or the enveloping cylinder 80 has the same outer radius r 5 as the plunger plate 38 and is attached to the plunger plate 38 on the side facing away from the barrel. Especially with barrels filled with special waste, it is very important to prevent contamination of the side of the pusher plate facing away from the barrel with the contents of the barrel.
Ein weiterer Unterschied zu der in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Vorrichtung 10 besteht darin, dass auf der Seite des Presskörpers 16 und dem Schneidering 12 gegenüberliegend eine Anschlagplatte 82 angeordnet ist. Der Anschlag 14 ist hydraulisch entlang der Längsachse 17 über seine Halteposition b hinaus bis gegen diese Anschlagplatte 82 in eine Pressposition c verschiebbar, wodurch die Fasswand 32 nach dem Entleeren des Fasses 18 zusammengepresst werden kann. Die Hydraulikzylinder 48 zu den den Anschlag 14 bewegenden Kolben 50 sind in diesem Beispiel auf der Seite des Presskörpers 16 angeordnet, wobei die Kolben durch Öffnungen 84 in der Anschlagplatte 82 hindurchgeführt sind. Konzentrisch zum Schneidring 12 und dem Presskörper 16 weist die Anschlagplatte 82 eine weitere Öffnung 86 zum Durchführen des Presskörpers 16 auf.Another difference from the device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is that a stop plate 82 is arranged opposite on the side of the pressing body 16 and the cutting ring 12. The Stop 14 can be moved hydraulically along the longitudinal axis 17 beyond its holding position b up to this stop plate 82 into a pressing position c, whereby the barrel wall 32 can be pressed together after the barrel 18 has been emptied. In this example, the hydraulic cylinders 48 to the pistons 50 moving the stop 14 are arranged on the side of the pressed body 16, the pistons being passed through openings 84 in the stop plate 82. Concentric to the cutting ring 12 and the pressing body 16, the stop plate 82 has a further opening 86 for the passage of the pressing body 16.
Wie in den Fig. 4a bis 4e dargestellt, ist es auch möglich die Anschlagplatte 82 auf der fassabgewandten Seite mit einem hydraulischen Zylinder-Kolben Aggregat 90 zu versehen und die Anschlagplatte 82 somit in Richtung auf den Anschlag 14 zu bewegbar zu gestalten. Auch können Anschlagplatte 82 und Anschlag 14 aufeinanderzu bewegbar ausgestaltet sein.As shown in FIGS. 4a to 4e, it is also possible to provide the stop plate 82 on the side facing away from the barrel with a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 90 and thus to make the stop plate 82 movable in the direction of the stop 14. Stop plate 82 and stop 14 can also be designed to be movable towards one another.
Das Verfahren zum entleeren eines mit Feststoffen 60, worunter auch hochviskose Stoffe verstanden werden, gefüllten Fasses 18 wird der Einfachheit halber unter Zuhilfenahme der in den Figuren dargestellten Vorrichtungen beschrieben.The method for emptying a drum 18 filled with solids 60, which also includes highly viscous substances, is described for the sake of simplicity with the aid of the devices shown in the figures.
Ein Fass 18, dessen Deckel bereits entfernt wurde, wird z.B. über einen Rollenantrieb 88, wie er in Fig. 3a dargestellt ist, antransportiert und mit Hilfe einer Positioniereinrichtung 92, z.B. mit einem angetriebenen, in seinem Durchmesser verstellbaren Hohlzylinder oder einem entsprechenden Robotergreifer, wie er in Fig. 4a gezeigt ist, auf dem in Halteposition b befindlichen Anschlag 14 aufgestellt. Das Fass steht dabei konzentrisch mit der Öffnung 46 des Anschlags 14 auf der Platte 42 des Anschlages 14, wobei sein Fassboden 58 nach unten gerichtet ist. Der Anschlag 14 wird nun in Anschlagposition c verschoben, wobei das Fass 18 mit seinem Fassboden 58 auf dem Schneidering 12 zu stehen kommt, wie dies in den Fig. 2 und 4b gezeigt ist. Nun wird der Stössel 36 entlang der Längsachse 17 gegen den Schneidering 12 verschoben, wie in Fig. 4b gezeigt. Der Stössel 16 dringt deckelseitig in das Fass 18 ein und presst mit seiner Stösselplatte 38 zunächst die im Fass 18 befindlichen Feststoffe 60 gegen den Fassboden 58 zusammen. Lassen sich die Feststoffe 60 nicht weiter zusammenpressen, wird die Druckkraft, die über die Stösselplatte 38 gleichmässig verteilt auf die Feststoffe 60 wirkt, voll auf den Fassboden 58 und weiter auf den Schneidering 12 übertragen. Die in Richtung auf den Schneidring, parallel zur Fasswand wirkende Druckkraft wirkt als Schneidekraft und drückt den Fassboden in die Zacken 24 des Schneiderings 12. Der Fassboden 58 wird schliesslich ähnlich wie bei einem Ausstanzverfahren vom Fass 18 getrennt.A barrel 18, the cover of which has already been removed, is transported, for example, via a roller drive 88, as shown in FIG. 3a, and with the aid of a positioning device 92, for example with a driven hollow cylinder whose diameter can be adjusted or a corresponding robot gripper, such as it is shown in Fig. 4a, placed on the stop 14 located in the holding position b. The barrel is concentric with the opening 46 of the stop 14 on the plate 42 of the stop 14, with its barrel bottom 58 facing downward. The stop 14 is now moved to the stop position c the barrel 18 with its barrel bottom 58 comes to rest on the cutting ring 12, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4b. Now the plunger 36 is moved along the longitudinal axis 17 against the cutting ring 12, as shown in Fig. 4b. The plunger 16 penetrates into the barrel 18 on the cover side and, with its plunger plate 38, first presses the solids 60 located in the barrel 18 against the barrel bottom 58. If the solids 60 cannot be pressed further together, the compressive force, which acts uniformly distributed on the solids 60 via the pusher plate 38, is transmitted fully to the drum base 58 and further to the cutting ring 12. The pressure force acting in the direction of the cutting ring, parallel to the barrel wall, acts as a cutting force and presses the barrel bottom into the prongs 24 of the cutting ring 12. The barrel bottom 58 is finally separated from the barrel 18 in a manner similar to a punching process.
Der Fassboden 58 kann nun mit den Feststoffen 60 aus dem Fass 18 in einem Sammelbehälter 94 unterhalb des Schneiderings 12 aufgefangen werden. Der Fassboden 58 kann aber auch mittels einer entsprechenden Transportvorrichtung 96 vorher von den Inhaltstoffen separiert und in einen separaten Behälter 98 für das Fassmaterial weitergeleitet werden. In Fig. 4b ist als Beispiel eine Transportvorrichtung 96 mit einem hydraulischen Zylinder 70 und einem zugehörigen Kolben 72 dargestellt. Am vorderen Ende des Kolbens 72 ist ein einen Flansch 78 aufweisendes tellerartiges Element 76 über ein Gelenk 74 mit dem Kolben 72 verbunden. Während des Abtrennens des Fassbodens 58 vom Fass 18 befindet sich das tellerartige Element 76 unterhalb des Schneiderings 12, um den Fassboden 58 aufzufangen, falls dieser nach dem Abtrennen herunterfällt. Hydraulisch wird der Fassboden 58 auf dem tellerartigen Element 76 bis über den Behälter 98 transportiert. Via das Gelenk 74 wird das tellerartige Element 76 über dem Behälter 98 um mindestens 90° verkippt und der Fassboden 58 von dem tellerartigen Element 76 in den Behälter fallen gelassen.The drum base 58 can now be collected with the solids 60 from the drum 18 in a collecting container 94 below the cutting ring 12. However, the drum base 58 can also be previously separated from the contents by means of a corresponding transport device 96 and passed on to a separate container 98 for the drum material. 4b shows a transport device 96 with a hydraulic cylinder 70 and an associated piston 72 as an example. At the front end of the piston 72, a plate-like element 76 having a flange 78 is connected to the piston 72 via a joint 74. During the separation of the drum base 58 from the drum 18, the plate-like element 76 is located below the cutting ring 12 in order to catch the drum base 58 if it falls off after the separation. The drum base 58 is transported hydraulically on the plate-like element 76 to above the container 98. Via the joint 74, the plate-like element 76 is tilted above the container 98 by at least 90 ° and the barrel bottom 58 dropped from the plate-like member 76 into the container.
Der Presskörper 16 setzt seinen Arbeitshub fort und das Fass 18 wird mit seinem Inhalt über den Schneidering 12 nach unten gedrückt, bis es mit seiner Fasswandkante 62 am Anschlag 14 anschlägt und von diesem gegen die Druckkraft des Presskörper 16 festgehalten wird. Die Feststoffe 60 werden durch den Stössel 36 weiter nach unten geschoben und bodenseitig aus dem Fass 18 herausgedrückt und weiter durch das Loch 34 in der Halteeinrichtung 21 in den Sammelbehälter 94. Sollte der Fassboden 58 fest an den Feststoffen 60 aus dem Fass 18 haften, wird er mit den Feststoffen 60 aus dem Fass 18 herausgedrückt und kann beim Erreichen des tellerartigen Elementes 76 mit Hilfe des Flansches 78 seitlich von den Feststoffen 60 abgestreift werden.The pressing body 16 continues its working stroke and the contents of the barrel 18 are pressed down over the cutting ring 12 until it hits the stop 14 with its barrel wall edge 62 and is held by the latter against the pressing force of the pressing body 16. The solids 60 are pushed further down by the plunger 36 and pressed out from the bottom of the barrel 18 and further through the hole 34 in the holding device 21 into the collecting container 94. If the barrel bottom 58 adheres firmly to the solids 60 from the barrel 18, it will it is pressed out of the barrel 18 with the solids 60 and can be stripped laterally from the solids 60 when the plate-like element 76 is reached by means of the flange 78.
Das Trennen des Fassbodens 58 vom Fass 18 und das Entleeren des Fasses 18 erfolgen also in einem einzigen Arbeitsschritt. Dabei werden vor dem Trennen des Fassbodens 58 vom Fass 18 losere Feststoffe 60 durch den Stössel 36 zunächst verdichtet und fallen in verdichteter Form aus dem Fass 18 oder auch lose, falls das Verdichten kein Aneinanderhaften der Feststoffteile im Fass 18 bewirkt. Stark verdichtet im Fass 18 gespeicherte Feststoffe 60 können dagegen in der Regel kaum weiter verdichtet werden und werden ähnlich einem Stopfen aus dem Fass herausgedrückt.The separation of the drum base 58 from the drum 18 and the emptying of the drum 18 thus take place in a single step. Before the barrel bottom 58 is separated from the barrel 18, loose solids 60 are first compressed by the plunger 36 and fall in compressed form from the barrel 18 or also loose, if the compression does not cause the solid parts in the barrel 18 to stick together. In contrast, heavily compressed solids 60 stored in the barrel 18 can hardly be compressed further and are pressed out of the barrel like a stopper.
Nach dem Entleeren wird der Anschlag 14 wieder in Halteposition zurück verschoben, wobei das mit seiner Fasswandkante 62 auf dem Anschlag 14 ruhende Fass 18 über den Schneidering 12 hinaus nach oben geschoben und vom Schneidering 12 gelöst wird.After emptying, the stop 14 is moved back into the holding position, the barrel 18 resting on the stop 14 with its barrel wall edge 62 being pushed upwards beyond the cutting ring 12 and being released from the cutting ring 12.
In der in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung 10 wird nun das leere Fass 18 z.B. mittels einer Positioniereinrichtung 92, wie in Fig. 4a gezeigt, oder einer Wegnahmeeinrichtung vom Anschlag 14 entfernt und z.B. in einem Sammelbehälter 96 entsorgt.In the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the empty barrel 18 is now, for example, by means of a positioning device 92, as shown in FIG. 4a, or a removal device removed from the stop 14 and disposed of, for example, in a collecting container 96.
In den in den Fig. 3a, 3b und 4a bis 4e dargestellten Vorrichtungen 10', 10'' wird anschliessend an das Entleeren des Fasses 18 die zylindrische Fasswand 38 in Richtung der Längsachse 17 zusammengepresst. Dazu ist entweder der Anschlag 14 hydraulisch auf das Anschlagbrett 82 bewegbar, wie in Fig. 3a oder das Anschlagbrett 82 ist hydraulisch auf den Anschlag 14 zu bewegbar, wie in den Fig.4a bis 4e gezeigt. Zur Stabilisierung bleibt der Presskörper 16 mit seinem Hüllzylinder 88 während des Zusammenpressens der Fasswand 58 im Zentrum derselben, wie dies Fig. 4c zu entnehmen ist. Die zusammengepresste Fasswand 32' kann schliesslich mittels einer entsprechenden Einrichtung 100, wie sie in Fig. 4d dargestellt ist, aus der Vorrichtung 10', 10'' entfernt und z.B. ebenfalls in den Behälter 98 für das Fassmaterial verbracht werden.In the devices 10 ', 10' 'shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b and 4a to 4e, the cylindrical barrel wall 38 is then pressed together in the direction of the longitudinal axis 17 after the barrel 18 has been emptied. For this purpose, either the stop 14 can be moved hydraulically onto the stop board 82, as in FIG. 3a, or the stop board 82 can be moved hydraulically onto the stop 14, as shown in FIGS. 4 a to 4 e. For stabilization, the pressing body 16 with its enveloping cylinder 88 remains in the center of the same during the pressing together of the barrel wall 58, as can be seen in FIG. 4c. The compressed barrel wall 32 'can finally be removed from the device 10', 10 '' by means of a corresponding device 100, as shown in Fig. 4d, and e.g. can also be placed in the container 98 for the barrel material.
Schliesslich kann ein neues mit Feststoffen 60 gefülltes Fass 18 positioniert werden und das Verfahren von neuem beginnen.Finally, a new barrel 18 filled with solids 60 can be positioned and the process started again.
Satt einer Schneidekraft, die allein in Form einer parallel zu den Fasswand wirkenden Druckkraft aufgebracht wird, ist es auch denkbar, dass der Schneidering zusätzlich in eine schnelle Rotation versetzt wird, so dass Scherkräfte auftreten und das Trennen des Fassbodens 58 vom Fass 18 weniger einem Ausstanzen als einem Schneiden gleich kommt.Instead of a cutting force that is applied solely in the form of a compressive force acting parallel to the barrel wall, it is also conceivable that the cutting ring is additionally set in a rapid rotation, so that shear forces occur and the separation of the barrel bottom 58 from the barrel 18 is less of a punching out than cutting.
Die Vorrichtung 10, 10', 10'' kann mit Ihrer Längsachse 17 natürlich auch horizontal oder nach unten geneigt angeordnet werden. Eine Neigung nach oben oder gar Spiegelverkehrt ist zwar ebenso denkbar. Jedoch muss bei diesen Ausführungsformen ein besondere Halteeinrichtung zum Halten des Fasses 18 vorgesehen werden, da es nicht durch die Schwerkraft auf der Schneide 22 des Schneiderings 12 gehalten wird.The device 10, 10 ', 10''can of course also be arranged horizontally or inclined downward with its longitudinal axis 17. A slope upwards or even mirror-inverted is also conceivable. However, in these embodiments, a special holding device for holding the drum 18 must be provided since it does not pass through gravity is held on the cutting edge 22 of the cutting ring 12.
Statt des verschiebbaren Anschlags 14 kann beispielsweise auch die Halteeinrichtung 21 des Schneiderings 12 als Anschlag 14 vorgesehen sein. Der Anschlag 14 und die Anschlagplatte 82 können statt als Platte auch als Gitter oder in Form einer z.B. durch Balken gebildeten Verstrebung realisiert sein.Instead of the displaceable stop 14, the holding device 21 of the cutting ring 12 can also be provided as a stop 14, for example. The stop 14 and the stop plate 82 can instead of a plate also as a grid or in the form of e.g. bracing formed by beams.
Auch ein Verschieben des Schneiderings 12 und des Anschlages 14 zusammen mit dem Fass 18 gegen einen Presskörper 16 ist denkbar und würde zum selben Ziel führen. Ebenso ein Aufeinanderzubewegen der Elemente 12, 14, und 16/36.Moving the cutting ring 12 and the stop 14 together with the barrel 18 against a pressing body 16 is also conceivable and would lead to the same goal. Likewise moving elements 12, 14 and 16/36 towards one another.
Der Presskörper 16/36 kann auch bodenseitig in das Fass 18 hineingetrieben werden und die Feststoffe 60 können deckelseitig herausgedrückt werden. Der Fassboden 58 muss dann allerdings gegebenenfalls in einem separaten Arbeitsschritt entfernt oder auch mit den Feststoffen 60 durch das Fass 18 hindurchgedrückt werden.The pressing body 16/36 can also be driven into the bottom of the barrel 18 and the solids 60 can be pressed out on the cover side. The drum base 58 must then, however, possibly be removed in a separate work step or also pressed through the drum 18 with the solids 60.
Selbst ein Halten des Fasses 18 während des Arbeitshubes des Presskörpers durch andere Mittel als durch den Anschlag 14 ist vorstellbar, solange die Kräfte zum Halten des Fasses nicht grösser sind als der Verformungswiderstand der Fasswand 32. Dies dürfte aber für Fässer mit verdichteten Inhaltsstoffen und aus herkömmlichen Fassmaterialien selten Fall sein.Even holding the barrel 18 during the working stroke of the pressing body by other means than by the stop 14 is conceivable as long as the forces for holding the barrel are not greater than the deformation resistance of the barrel wall 32. However, this should be the case for barrels with compressed ingredients and from conventional ones Barrel materials are rarely the case.
Claims (18)
- Method for emptying a drum which is filled with solids and has been freed from its drum lid, characterized in that the drum base is separated from the drum and the solids are forced out of the drum at the bottom end or at the lid end with the aid of a pressing body that penetrates into the drum at the lid end or at the bottom end, respectively.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the drum base is separated from the drum with the aid of a cutting ring on which the drum is positioned approximately vertically on its drum base, the cutting ring preferably occupying a position horizontally underneath the drum.
- Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that a pressure acting in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the drum is applied to the cutting ring as the cutting force for separating the drum base from the drum, this force preferably being applied by means of the pressing body via the solids in the drum and via the drum base.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pressing body penetrates into the drum at the lid end and the solids are forced out of the drum at the bottom end, and in that the separation of the drum base from the drum and the forcing out of the solids takes place, in particular, in one working step.
- Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the drum is supported by a drum wall edge against a stop while the solids are being forced out.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a wall of the drum is compressed in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the drum, the pressing body preferably remaining in the centre of the drum wall to perform a stabilizing function during the compression process.
- Apparatus for emptying a drum (18) which is filled with solids (60) and has been freed from its drum lid, characterized in that a cutting ring (12) for separating the drum base (58) from the drum (18), a pressing body (16) that penetrates into the drum at the lid end or at the bottom end for forcing the solids (60) out of the drum (18) at the bottom end or at the lid end, respectively, and a stop (14) for supporting a drum wall edge (62) of the drum (18) while the solids (60) are being forced out of the drum (18) are arranged on a longitudinal axis corresponding to the longitudinal axis (17) of the drum (18) to be positioned in the apparatus (10), the stop (14) and the pressing body (16) being arranged in such a way that the drum (18) to be positioned can be introduced between them, and the stop (14) and/or the pressing body (16) being displaceable along the longitudinal axis (17).
- Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the pressing body (16) is arranged in such a way relative to the cutting ring (12) and the stop (14) that it penetrates into the drum (18) at the lid end during the performance of a working stroke and forces the solids (60) out of the drum (18) at the bottom end.
- Apparatus according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the cutting ring (12) is dimensioned in such a way that it cuts the drum base (58) within the drum wall (32), and in that its cutter (22) is preferably toothed, in particular in the form of triangular teeth (24).
- Apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the stop (14) is designed in such a way, preferably in the form of a grid or a plate, that it supports the drum wall edge (62) over its entire circumference, and in that it has a circular aperture (34) which is arranged approximately concentrically with respect to the cutting ring (12) and the aperture radius (r3) of which is no larger than an internal radius (r2) of the drum and preferably at least as great as a radius (r5) of the pressing body.
- Apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the cutting ring (12) is arranged in a fixed manner and is preferably secured in a holding device (21), and in that the pressing body (16) is in the form of a ram (36) which preferably has a ram plate (38) and can be displaced towards the cutting ring (12), the amplitude of motion corresponding to at least one times the drum height.
- Apparatus according to Claim 11, characterized in that the holding device (21) is a body, preferably in the form of a grid or a plate, with an approximately circular hole (46), the cutting ring (12) being secured concentrically in or above the hole (46), and in that the holding device (21) forms the stop (14) in particular.
- Apparatus according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the ram plate (38) is connected to a jacket cylinder (88) in such a way that none of the contents of the drum (18) can reach the side of the ram plate (38) opposite the drum.
- Apparatus according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the ram (36) has a ram radius (r5) which is smaller than an internal radius (r4) of the cutting ring (12) and the amplitude of motion of which during a working stroke extends from a rest position (A) of the ram (36) and preferably through the cutting ring (12) and the aperture (34) or hole (46) in the stop (14, 21).
- Apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 11, 13 or 14, characterized in that, for the purpose of positioning the drum (18) on the cutting ring (12) and to release the drum (18) from the cutting ring (12) after emptying the drum (18), the stop (14) is arranged between the drum (18) to be positioned and the holding device (21) of the cutting ring (12) and is displaceable along the longitudinal axis (17), more specifically between a stop position (c) in which the cutter (22) of the cutting ring (12) projects beyond the stop (14) in the direction of the drum (18) and the stop (14) preferably rests on the holding device (21) of the cutting ring (12), and a holding position (b), in which the stop (14) is spaced apart from the holding device (21) in such a way that it projects beyond the cutter (22) of the cutting ring (12) in the direction of the drum.
- Apparatus according to Claim 15, characterized in that a stop plate (82) is arranged at the level of a rest position (A) of the pressing body (16) and in that the stop (14) or stop plate (82) can be moved in such a way that a drum wall (32) can be compressed between the stop (14) and the stop plate (82).
- Apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 16, characterized in that it has a positioning device (92) for positioning the drum (18) above the cutting ring (12).
- Apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 17, characterized in that the apparatus (10, 10', 10") is arranged in such a way above a container (94) that the solids (60) forced out of the drum (18) enter the container (94).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH219998 | 1998-10-30 | ||
CH219998 | 1998-10-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0999142A1 EP0999142A1 (en) | 2000-05-10 |
EP0999142B1 true EP0999142B1 (en) | 2003-01-29 |
Family
ID=4228219
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99120238A Expired - Lifetime EP0999142B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-11 | Method and apparatus for emptying drums,filled with solid material |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6237808B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0999142B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3359892B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59904150D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6554465B2 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2003-04-29 | Robert Cruso | Concrete admixture packaging and batch feed system |
CA2416241A1 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-07-14 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Bottom saw blade height adjustment |
CN104443605B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-08-24 | 秦皇岛燕大源达机电科技股份有限公司 | Big packaging powder material automatic unpacking charging device |
CN106423546B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2019-03-05 | 浙江厚达智能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of irony spacer separating system |
EP3641957A1 (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2020-04-29 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) | Capsule recycling system for domestic coffee machines |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE404911B (en) * | 1977-03-21 | 1978-11-06 | Boliden Ab | METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND EMPTYING THE CONTENTS OF PACKAGING DISHES OR SUITABLE FOR VEHICLES, GRAIN AND POWDERED AND GOODS WITHOUT POLLUTING OR DUSTING THE ENVIRONMENT |
US4126160A (en) * | 1977-06-13 | 1978-11-21 | Wendell Gurtler | Chemical inductor and can crusher |
GB2082540B (en) * | 1980-08-05 | 1984-07-04 | Mid Anglia Project Engineering | Apparatus for emptying drums |
US4396340A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1983-08-02 | Kelly-Moore Paint Company | High speed can opener and crusher |
GB2099928B (en) * | 1981-05-22 | 1985-04-24 | Worsley G P & Co Ltd | Unloading containers |
US4735368A (en) * | 1986-12-02 | 1988-04-05 | Chemical Waste Management, Inc. | Waste treatment apparatus |
US5109763A (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-05-05 | G. A. Morris Enterprises, Inc. | Oil filter crusher unit |
-
1999
- 1999-10-11 EP EP99120238A patent/EP0999142B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-11 DE DE59904150T patent/DE59904150D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-01 JP JP31054299A patent/JP3359892B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-01 US US09/431,399 patent/US6237808B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6237808B1 (en) | 2001-05-29 |
EP0999142A1 (en) | 2000-05-10 |
JP2000142988A (en) | 2000-05-23 |
DE59904150D1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
JP3359892B2 (en) | 2002-12-24 |
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