EP0999043B1 - Wear retardant and ink repellent coating, especially for parts of printing machines - Google Patents

Wear retardant and ink repellent coating, especially for parts of printing machines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0999043B1
EP0999043B1 EP99121441A EP99121441A EP0999043B1 EP 0999043 B1 EP0999043 B1 EP 0999043B1 EP 99121441 A EP99121441 A EP 99121441A EP 99121441 A EP99121441 A EP 99121441A EP 0999043 B1 EP0999043 B1 EP 0999043B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wear
coating
process according
printing
carried out
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99121441A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0999043A1 (en
Inventor
Martin Endisch
Markus Kirst
Gerhard Dr. Johner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manroland AG
Original Assignee
MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0999043A1 publication Critical patent/EP0999043A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H27/00—Special constructions, e.g. surface features, of feed or guide rollers for webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
    • B41F13/08—Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N7/00—Shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/02—Top layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/10—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines characterised by inorganic compounds, e.g. pigments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/14—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines characterised by macromolecular organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2401/00—Materials used for the handling apparatus or parts thereof; Properties thereof
    • B65H2401/10—Materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
    • B65H2404/10—Rollers
    • B65H2404/18—Rollers composed of several layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
    • Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wear-inhibiting, color-repellent coating, in particular of printing machine components, such as. B. guide and tension rollers, Funnel tips, separators etc.
  • the components are in folders Of roller machines often disturbed by Farbablage in their function.
  • silicone denotes an extensive group of synthetic polymeric compounds, in which silicon atoms are linked via oxygen atoms in a chain and / or net shape are and the remaining valencies of the silicon by hydrocarbon radicals (usually methyl groups) are saturated.
  • hydrocarbon radicals usually methyl groups
  • a wear-inhibiting, damp and color-repellent Coating for a backing layer of a rubber blanket which includes wear-resistant material in the form of low-wear hard metals.
  • the blanket is also treated with a sealant. Coating and However, sealant must ensure sufficient color transfer.
  • the invention is based on the object, for printing press components to find a low-wear coating with a seal that is durable Color-repellent surface property results and the addition of a high Resistance to conventional printing cleaning agents has.
  • the problem underlying the invention is solved by the features of claim 1 and by the characterizing method steps of claim 4, namely the fact that the printing machine component to be protected firstly a wear-resistant layer of oxide ceramics such as Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 or ZrO 2 or mixtures thereof, or from wear-resistant hard metals such.
  • oxide ceramics such as Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 or ZrO 2 or mixtures thereof, or from wear-resistant hard metals such.
  • WC / Co Cr 3 C 2 / NiCr, NiCrBSi, WC / Ni, molybdenum, etc.
  • thermal spraying methods such as atmospheric plasma spraying and high-speed flame spraying and secondly with a seal in the form of a Sieglers from the group of polyorganosiloxanes in particular Polyhydrogenmethylsiloxan is treated, or is cured at 100 ° C to 170 ° C.
  • polyhydrogenmethylsiloxane is also one Post-sealing, even localized, possible in the printing press, without the to remove the relevant component.
  • the wear-protective Coating a thickness of 0.03 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.1 mm.
  • the coating, sealing and curing can also be done on one Printing machine components made of non-steel, but Lightweight materials such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium or fiber reinforced Plastic exists.
  • the protective oxide oxide ceramic or hard metal layer does not have to can be applied by thermal spraying, but also by Coating processes such as PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), sintering, hot isostatic pressing, electroplating, explosive plating, Cladding, soldering, adhesive techniques or reactive methods applied become.

Abstract

In wear-resistant, ink-repellent coatings, especially for printing machine components, which contain wear-proof metal oxide or wear-resistant hard metal and are treated with sealant, the sealant is a polyorganosiloxane hardened at 100-170 degrees C. An Independent claim is also included for a coating process, especially for coating printing machine components, by applying an antiwear coating of oxide ceramic or hard metal and then sealing with ink-repellent, thermosetting sealant of the polyorganosiloxane type, especially polyhydrogenomethylsiloxane.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine verschleißhemmende, farbabweisende Beschichtung, insbesondere von Druckmaschinenkomponenten, wie z. B. Leit- und Zugwalzen, Trichterspitzen, Ableitzungen etc.. Die Komponenten werden in Falzapparaten von Rollenmaschinen häufig durch Farbablage in ihrer Funktion gestört.The invention relates to a wear-inhibiting, color-repellent coating, in particular of printing machine components, such as. B. guide and tension rollers, Funnel tips, separators etc. The components are in folders Of roller machines often disturbed by Farbablage in their function.

In verschiedenen Bereichen einer Druckmaschine besteht somit ein Bedarf an Oberflächen, die bei hoher Verschleißbeständigkeit gegen Gleitbewegungen des Papiers gleichzeitig weder von weggeschlagener noch von frischer Offsetfarbe benetzt werden dürfen.There is thus a need in various areas of a printing press Surfaces with high wear resistance against sliding movements of the At the same time, neither paper nor discarded offset color may be wetted.

Erfahrungsgemäß hat Farbablage letztlich immer eine Dimensionsänderung der Komponenten zur Folge, so daß neben Verschmiereffekten des bedruckten Papiers auch noch nachlassende Präzision bis hin zum Funktionsversagen z. B. des Falzapparates auftreten. Durch zunehmende Papiergeschwindigkeiten werden sowohl die Verschleißproblematik als auch das Problem der Farbablage verschärft.Experience has shown that color storage ultimately always has a dimensional change Components result so that in addition to smearing effects of the printed Papiers also still diminishing precision up to the functional failure z. B. the folding apparatus occur. Due to increasing paper speeds Both the problem of wear and the problem of color storage exacerbated.

Gleiches kann auch für die Bogenwendung gesagt werden, da hier beidseitig bedruckte Papierbögen mit nicht weggeschlagener Farbe bei zunehmenden Geschwindigkeiten paßgenau transportiert werden müssen. Bezüglich dieser Problematik wurde bereits gemäß der DE 29 14 255 A1 versucht, durch spezielle Zylinderbeschichtungen, bestehend aus verschleißfesten Metallen oder Metalloxiden, sowie einen darin verankerten Siegelstoff dem Verschleiß und der Farbablage entgegenzutreten.The same can also be said for the perfecting, because here both sides Printed paper sheets with unencumbered color at increasing Speeds must be transported in register. Regarding this Problem was already tried according to DE 29 14 255 A1, by special Cylindrical coatings, consisting of wear-resistant metals or Metal oxides, as well as a sealant anchored therein the wear and the Color deposit to counter.

In der DE 29 14 255 A1 werden als Siegelstoffe Teflon und Kopierlack benannt. DE 29 14 255 A1 names Teflon and copy varnish as sealants.

Beide Siegelstoffe sind jedoch dafür bekannt, daß sie in schnellen Rollenmaschinen über eine völlig unzureichende Lebensdauer verfügen und im Falle des Teflons auch noch verfahrensbedingt zu einer erheblichen Erwärmung des zu beschichtenden Bauteils führen, so daß maßlicher Verzug auftreten kann. Die Sintertemperatur von Teflon liegt im Bereich von 300° C und ist damit ausreichend hoch, um bei Präzisionswalzen, insbesondere wenn es sich um Schweißkonstruktionen handelt, Maßverzug zu verursachen.However, both sealants are known to work in fast web presses have a completely inadequate life span and in case of the Teflon also due to the process to a significant warming of the lead coating component so that dimensional distortion can occur. The Sintering temperature of Teflon is in the range of 300 ° C and is therefore sufficient high to precision rollers, especially when it comes to welded constructions acts to cause default.

Farbabweisende Oberflächeneigenschaften werden nicht nur zum Transport des bedruckten Papiers in der Druckmaschine benötigt, sondern im Fall des wasserlosen Offsets, auch TORAY-Prozeß genannt, zur Substitution des Feuchtmittelfilms auf der Druckplatte in Form eines Siliconfilms. Der Begriff Silicon kennzeichnet eine umfangreiche Gruppe von synthetischen polymeren Verbindungen, in denen Siliciumatome über Sauerstoffatome ketten- und/oder netzartig verknüpft sind und die restlichen Valenzen des Siliciums durch Kohlenwasserstoffreste (meist Methylgruppen) abgesättigt sind. Eine andere Bezeichnung für die Silicone ist Polyorganosiloxane.Color-repellent surface properties are not only used to transport the printed paper needed in the printing press, but in the case of waterless Offsets, also called TORAY process, for the substitution of dampening solution film on the printing plate in the form of a silicone film. The term silicone denotes an extensive group of synthetic polymeric compounds, in which silicon atoms are linked via oxygen atoms in a chain and / or net shape are and the remaining valencies of the silicon by hydrocarbon radicals (usually methyl groups) are saturated. Another name for the silicones is polyorganosiloxane.

Diese Siliconfilme auf den Wasserlos-Druckplatten zeigen neben ihren praktisch perfekten farbabweisenden Eigenschaften zusätzlich noch eine überraschend hohe Abriebfestigkeit, da in zahlreichen modernen Maschinen der sogenannte Deltaeffekt zur Beseitigung von drucktechnischen Residuen, wie z. B. Papier- oder Staubkrümel, benutzt wird. Der Deltaeffekt ist nichts anderes als ein geringer Schlupf im Prozentbereich zwischen der Feuchtauftragswalze und dem Plattenzylinder und ist ausführlich in der US 4,724,764 beschrieben.These silicone films on the waterless printing plates show next to their handy perfect color-repellent properties additionally still a surprising high abrasion resistance, as in many modern machines the so-called Delta effect to eliminate printing residuals, such. B. paper or Dust crumb, is used. The delta effect is nothing less than a small one Slippage in the percentage range between the dampening roller and the Plate cylinder and is described in detail in US 4,724,764.

Es ist aus der EP 629 514 A1 eine verschleisshemmende, feucht- und farbabweisende Beschichtung für eine Trägerschicht eines Gummituchs bekannt, die ein verschleissfestes Material in Form von verschleissarmen Hartmetallen beinhaltet. Das Gummituch ist zudem mit einem Siegelstoff behandelt. Beschichtung und Siegelstoff müssen jedoch eine ausreichende Farbübertragung gewährleisten.It is from EP 629 514 A1 a wear-inhibiting, damp and color-repellent Coating for a backing layer of a rubber blanket is known which includes wear-resistant material in the form of low-wear hard metals. The blanket is also treated with a sealant. Coating and However, sealant must ensure sufficient color transfer.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, für Druckmaschinenkomponenten eine verschleißarme Beschichtung mit Versiegelung zu finden, die eine dauerhafte farbabweisende Oberflächeneigenschaft ergibt und die zusätzlich über eine hohe Resistenz gegenüber üblichen drucktechnischen Reinigungsmitteln verfügt.The invention is based on the object, for printing press components to find a low-wear coating with a seal that is durable Color-repellent surface property results and the addition of a high Resistance to conventional printing cleaning agents has.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und durch die kennzeichnenden Verfahrensschritte des Anspruchs 4 gelöst, nämlich dadurch, daß die zu schützende Druckmaschinenkomponente erstens eine verschleißhemmende Schicht aus Oxidkeramik wie Al2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, SiO2 oder ZrO2 bzw. Mischungen daraus, oder aus verschleißarmen Hartmetallen wie z. B. WC/Co, Cr3C2/NiCr, NiCrBSi, WC/Ni, Molybdän etc. aufweist, die vorzugsweise durch thermische Spritzverfahren wie atmosphärisches Plasmaspritzen und Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzen aufgetragen wird und zweitens mit einer Versiegelung in Form eines Sieglers aus der Gruppe der Polyorganosiloxane insbesondere Polyhydrogenmethylsiloxan behandelt ist, bzw. wird, der bei 100° C bis 170° C aushärtet.The problem underlying the invention is solved by the features of claim 1 and by the characterizing method steps of claim 4, namely the fact that the printing machine component to be protected firstly a wear-resistant layer of oxide ceramics such as Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 or ZrO 2 or mixtures thereof, or from wear-resistant hard metals such. B. WC / Co, Cr 3 C 2 / NiCr, NiCrBSi, WC / Ni, molybdenum, etc., which is preferably applied by thermal spraying methods such as atmospheric plasma spraying and high-speed flame spraying and secondly with a seal in the form of a Sieglers from the group of polyorganosiloxanes in particular Polyhydrogenmethylsiloxan is treated, or is cured at 100 ° C to 170 ° C.

Je nach Druckmaschinenkomponente sind Oberflächengüten erforderlich, die einen Schleif- und Poliervorgang nach dem Beschichten erforderlich machen. In diesen Fällen ist es vorteilhaft, die Schleifbearbeitung unmittelbar nach dem Beschichten durchzuführen, um erst danach die Versiegelung mit einem Polyhydrogenmethylsiloxan-Siegler vorzunehmen.Depending on the press component, surface finishes are required require a sanding and polishing process after coating. In In these cases it is advantageous to carry out the grinding immediately after the To carry out coating, only then the seal with a Polyhydrogenmethylsiloxan-Siegler make.

Aufgrund der moderaten Aushärtetemperaturen der Siegler vom Typ Polyorganosiloxane. inbesondere Polyhydrogenmethylsiloxan ist auch eine Nachversiegelung, auch örtlich begrenzt, in der Druckmaschine möglich, ohne die betreffende Komponente ausbauen zu müssen.Due to the moderate curing temperatures of the type Polyorganosiloxanes. in particular polyhydrogenmethylsiloxane is also one Post-sealing, even localized, possible in the printing press, without the to remove the relevant component.

In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die vor Verschleiß schützende Beschichtung eine Dicke von 0,03 bis 1,5 mm, vorzugsweise 0,1 mm auf.In the preferred embodiment, the wear-protective Coating a thickness of 0.03 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.1 mm.

Die Beschichtung, Versiegelung und Aushärtung kann auch auf einer Druckmaschinenkomponente erfolgen, die nicht aus Stahl, sondern Leichtbauwerkstoffen wie Aluminium, Magnesium, Titan oder faserverstärktem Kunststoff besteht. Die vor Verschleiß schützende Oxidkeramik oder Hartmetallschicht muß nicht durch thermisches Spritzen aufgebracht sein, sondern kann auch durch Beschichtungsprozesse wie PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition), CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition), Sintern, Heißisostatpressen, Galvanik, Sprengplattieren, Auftragschweißen, Auflöten, Klebetechniken oder Reaktivverfahren aufgebracht werden.The coating, sealing and curing can also be done on one Printing machine components made of non-steel, but Lightweight materials such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium or fiber reinforced Plastic exists. The protective oxide oxide ceramic or hard metal layer does not have to can be applied by thermal spraying, but also by Coating processes such as PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), sintering, hot isostatic pressing, electroplating, explosive plating, Cladding, soldering, adhesive techniques or reactive methods applied become.

Des weiteren kann bei der erfindungsgemäßen verschleißhemmenden, farbabweisenden Beschichtung eine Oberflächenrauhigkeit der vor Verschleiß schützenden Schicht funktionsgerecht eingestellt werden, die vorzugsweise zwischen 1,0 µm < Rz < 90 µm, insbesondere bei Rz = 15 bis 20 µm liegt.Furthermore, in the anti-wear, color-repellent coating according to the invention, a surface roughness of the anti-wear layer can be adjusted functionally, preferably between 1.0 μm <R z <90 μm, in particular at R z = 15 to 20 μm.

Claims (11)

  1. A wear-retardant, ink-repellent coating of printing-machine components that contains a wear-resistant material in the form of an oxide-ceramic layer made of the substances Al2O3, TiO2, Cr2O3, ZrO2, SiO2, Y2O3, CeO, CaO and MgO or of mixtures of the oxide ceramics or in the form of a hard-metal layer consisting of WC/Co, WC/Ni, TiC/Ni, Cr3C2/Ni, NiCrBSi or molybdenum or of mixtures of these hard metals and that is treated with a sealing substance or sealant selected from the group comprising the polyorganosiloxanes, curing at 100 °C to 170 °C.
  2. Wear-retardant, ink-repellent coating according to Claim 1, characterised in that polyhydrogenmethylsiloxane is used as the sealant.
  3. Wear-retardant, ink-repellent coating according to Claim 1, characterised in that the coating protecting against wear has a thickness from 0.03 mm to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.1 mm.
  4. A process for coating printing-machine components, characterised in that in a first step a layer protecting against wear is applied consisting of oxide ceramic or hard metal and in a second step a sealing together with thermal curing with strongly ink-repellent properties is carried out using a sealer of the polyorganosiloxane type, in particular polyhydrogenmethylsiloxane.
  5. Process according to Claim 4, characterised in that after the coating of the printing-machine components firstly an operation for grinding and/or polishing the surface of the layer is carried out and only subsequently is the sealing with a sealer of the polyorganosiloxane type carried out together with curing.
  6. Process according to one of Claims 4 and 5, characterised in that the curing of the seal is carried out only at temperatures from 100 °C to 170 °C.
  7. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sealing is carried out without removing the component in the printing machine.
  8. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the coating, sealing and curing are carried out on a printing-machine component that does not consist of steel but consists of lightweight constructional materials such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium or fibre-reinforced plastic.
  9. Process according to Claim 4, characterised in that the oxide ceramic or hard-metal layer protecting against wear is applied by thermal spraying such as atmospheric plasma spraying or halogen flame spraying.
  10. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the oxide ceramic or hard-metal layer protecting against wear is applied by coating processes such as PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition), CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition), sintering, hot isostatic pressing, electroplating, explosive cladding, surface welding, soldering, adhesive techniques or reactive processes.
  11. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a surface roughness of the layer protecting against wear is adjusted to be appropriate to its function, said surface roughness amounting to between 1.0 µm < Rz < 90 µm, preferably amounting to Rz = 15 µm to 20 µm.
EP99121441A 1998-11-05 1999-10-28 Wear retardant and ink repellent coating, especially for parts of printing machines Expired - Lifetime EP0999043B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19850968 1998-11-05
DE19850968A DE19850968A1 (en) 1998-11-05 1998-11-05 Wear-resistant, ink-repellent coating, especially of press components

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0999043A1 EP0999043A1 (en) 2000-05-10
EP0999043B1 true EP0999043B1 (en) 2003-05-21

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EP99121441A Expired - Lifetime EP0999043B1 (en) 1998-11-05 1999-10-28 Wear retardant and ink repellent coating, especially for parts of printing machines

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6514623B2 (en)
EP (1) EP0999043B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000144053A (en)
AT (1) ATE240834T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19850968A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0999043T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2193647T3 (en)

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US6514623B2 (en) 2003-02-04
EP0999043A1 (en) 2000-05-10
US20020068179A1 (en) 2002-06-06
JP2000144053A (en) 2000-05-26
DE19850968A1 (en) 2000-05-25
ES2193647T3 (en) 2003-11-01
DK0999043T3 (en) 2003-06-23
DE59905629D1 (en) 2003-06-26
ATE240834T1 (en) 2003-06-15

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