EP0995877B1 - Méthode et système de transmission d'informations par onde électromagnétique - Google Patents

Méthode et système de transmission d'informations par onde électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0995877B1
EP0995877B1 EP99402571A EP99402571A EP0995877B1 EP 0995877 B1 EP0995877 B1 EP 0995877B1 EP 99402571 A EP99402571 A EP 99402571A EP 99402571 A EP99402571 A EP 99402571A EP 0995877 B1 EP0995877 B1 EP 0995877B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal tubes
tubes
transmitter
receiver
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99402571A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0995877A1 (fr
Inventor
Louis Soulier
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Geoservices Equipements SAS
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Geoservices SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Geoservices SA filed Critical Geoservices SA
Publication of EP0995877A1 publication Critical patent/EP0995877A1/fr
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Publication of EP0995877B1 publication Critical patent/EP0995877B1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency

Definitions

  • the invention lies in the field of transmissions of information from a drilled hole in the ground to the surface. More particularly, the invention relates to an optimized method of transmission of information between the bottom of a well drilled and the surface, the well being either already drilled and production course, being in the course of drilling.
  • the present invention relates to a method transmission of information from a well drilled to through layers of geological formation and cuvelé at least partly by metal tubes, the method comprises placing in said well a information transmitter / receiver operating by the medium of guided electromagnetic waves created by the injection of an electrical signal by a connected dipole conductively to the metal tubes used for guiding waves emitted.
  • a information transmitter / receiver operating by the medium of guided electromagnetic waves created by the injection of an electrical signal by a connected dipole conductively to the metal tubes used for guiding waves emitted.
  • Insulation can be done by place tubes previously coated with a layer of insulating material.
  • This near transmitter / receiver can be arranged of the lower end of a column of tubes of production to transmit substantive measures or orders to background equipment.
  • the invention also relates to a system of transmission of information from a well drilled in layers of geological formation and cuvelé at least partly by metal tubes, the system comprising in said well a transmitter / receiver of information operating by the means of waves guided electromagnetic waves created by the injection of a electrical signal by a dipole conductively connected to metal tubes for guiding the emitted waves.
  • at least some metal tubes arranged at the right of low resistivity layers include means of electrical insulation with said formation.
  • Insulated tubes may be coated with layer of insulating material.
  • Insulating layer may not cover entirely the entire length of the tube.
  • the isolation means can understand an insulating material that fills the space ring between the tubes and the conductive formation, the material being the result of the hardening of a liquid composition.
  • the transmitter / receiver can be incorporated into the end of a column of production tubes.
  • the transmitter / receiver can also be incorporated into the end of a drill string.
  • the system according to the invention can be applied to an offshore drilling rig with wellhead underwater.
  • a control line kills can be externally isolated electrically from the bottom of the sea to the surface
  • Zone 2 generally comprises at least one layer forming reservoir containing effluents to be produced.
  • the layers of land 3 which are between layer 2 and the surface, attenuate electromagnetic waves in such a way that it is impossible to use the method of transmission by electromagnetic waves known.
  • the layers 3a and 3b have resistivities much lower than 20 ⁇ .m, for example of the order of a few ⁇ .m, or even less than 1 ⁇ .m.
  • zone 3c at a resistivity greater than 20 ⁇ .m, for example a layer of salt, a layer frequently encountered in drilling.
  • Df ⁇ F log 2 (1 + S / B) with ⁇ F useful modulation bandwidth, S signal and B the noise in the useful band.
  • the transmission is carried out by the issuer referenced E in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
  • the emitter E modulates a very low frequency wave, said frequency being chosen low enough so that the propagation is possible.
  • the means transmitters use frequency waves included between 1 Hz and 10 Hz.
  • This wave, called frequency carrier is in an exemplary embodiment, modulated according to the information to be transmitted, by phase 0- ⁇ at a rate compatible with the frequency carrier.
  • Other types of modulation can be used without departing from the scope of this invention.
  • the modulation rate is of the order of bit / second, but it can be adapted according to transmission needs. In the case of orders from bottom devices such as valves, we will be able to use length codes adapted to the probability maximum error accepted.
  • the coding may as appropriate whether or not associated with detector codes and error correctors, such as redundancy codes cyclic.
  • the wave emitted by the transmitter E is received in surface by the receiver R which one of the poles is connected at the wellhead and the other pole planted in the ground at a sufficient distance from the wellhead.
  • E and R can become alternately transmitters and receiver.
  • transmission / reception E can be advantageously arranged according to the described technology in US-A-5394141, incorporated herein by reference.
  • a first column of tubes 4 (surface column) is placed in well 1 and usually cemented all the way up into the surface formation 3a.
  • Wellhead 5 installed on the surface column can receive the top end of the other columns, techniques or production, as well as safety valves.
  • a second column 6 went down into the drilled hole 7 to from the hoof of the surface column 4 and up the tank cover 2.
  • the annular space between the hole 7 and the casing tube column 6 is usually filled with cement at least up to the hoof from the previous column, in this example the hoof of the surface column 4.
  • a column of tubes of production 8 (tubing), whose role is to the effluent to the surface, passes through a packer 9 which seals the reservoir zone relative to the annular space around the tubing 8.
  • the P1 and P2 poles of the dipole can be constituted by the contact provided by the packer 9 with the metal column 6 and the contact provided by a blade centraliser 10 placed higher in the column 8.
  • the upper contact is directly made by the contact of the tubing with the column 6, considering the annular space generally low and well geometry.
  • a insulating connector 11, located to the right of the transmitter, can be used in the casing column 6 to separate the lower contact P1 of the upper contact P2. But this insulating connection is not necessary if one uses the so-called "long dipole" constitution for the antenna transmission or reception. In this case, it is necessary ensure that the P2 pole is sufficiently far from the pole P1 and that there can be no other contact between column 6 and tubings 8 on the length between the poles.
  • the performance is improved of the emitter E by electrically insulating the column 6 of the highly conductive geological formation 3b.
  • This insulation is represented by the frame referenced 12.
  • zone 3c which is known to have sufficient resistivity to not provide a penalizing attenuation, for example greater than about 20 ⁇ .m, so does not need to be electrically isolated.
  • the lands 3a surface are not favorable to a good transmission.
  • the surface column 4 will be, depending information flow requirements, also isolated from training 3a (represented by the referenced frame 13).
  • the necessary electrical insulation is all relative since resistivity fields greater than 20 ⁇ .m are sufficiently "insulating".
  • insulation has no need to be continuous all the way up from the thickness of the conductive layer.
  • the tubes, casing or tubing according to the name known in the profession and standardized by the API (American Petroleum Institute) include at both ends a male thread and a sleeve, screwed onto the body of the tube or integral, with female thread corresponding so as to be able to assemble them these tubes to form a column.
  • the insulating layer will be deposited only on the body of the tube, between the male thread (which obviously can not be covered) and the sleeve. In indeed, the layer near the threads would be destroyed by the jaws of the screwing means, and may even be would be embarrassing for the suspension of the column or clinging of the jaws.
  • the insulating layer can be an epoxy coating loaded with ceramic, by example of the type of coating used as protection anticorrosion on marine structures, pipelines, the drill rods.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the case of the system of transmission according to the invention while drilling a well 20 by means of a drill string 21 equipped a drilling tool 22 at its end.
  • a emitter / receiver E is generally located in the lower part to transmit for example parameters of drilling, trajectories, radiation gamma, temperature, pressure, etc.
  • Well 1 is here cuvelé surface by a column 23 and a column Intermediate 24.
  • Zone 25 has low resistivity which mitigates too strongly the transmission by EM between E and R.
  • the elements of insulated tubes at 26 for column 23 and at 27 for the 24 will be filled with cement insulating.
  • the attenuation created by the weak resistivity of zone 25 will be very substantially decreased, increasing the capacity or speed of transmission of E.
  • the antenna is made by the part of the trim between the insulating junction of the emitter E and the tool 22 drilling. Note that in this case the signal emitted by the transmitter E will be attenuated from E to isolated or pseudo-isolated zone 27, then zone 26 to the surface receiver R.
  • a mathematical model of propagation taking into account characteristics electric casings and formations, allows to predetermine the minimum lengths of isolation zones 26 and 27 in order to guarantee the transmission.
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative layout of the emitter E in the drill string 21 and a example of application of the invention in the case of offshore drilling with a subsea wellhead.
  • the receiver R is located at the bottom of the sea with one of its reception poles connected to the underwater wellhead and the other constituted by a piece of metal, by example an anchor 37, placed a few dozen meters from the wellhead.
  • Communication between the surface and the bottom of the sea is done either by acoustic transmitter, or by electric conductor installed along the casing.
  • Soils 30 close to the bottom of water are generally geologically "young" and generally low resistivity.
  • the column of surface 31 is therefore advantageously isolated, according to the invention, on the height corresponding to the 30.
  • the transmitter E is here at the end of a given length of cable 32 to create a "long dipole".
  • the cable is fixed by a support 33 to inside of rods and is electrically connected to the transmitter located at a distant part of the rods 21.
  • the wellhead 29 is connected to the floating support of drilling by a set called “marine riser”.
  • high pressure line 36 (kill-line or choke-line) runs substantially parallel to the riser of the head of floating support well.
  • FIG. 4 shows in section a tube element 40 that can be used to caster a drilled hole in a zone of too low resistivity.
  • a tube body steel 41 is obtained by hot rolling. We factory at both ends a male thread 42 and 43.
  • a sleeve 44 having female threads 45 is screwed on one end. Insulating coating (as defined above) is filed on the central zone 48. Zones 46 and 47 may be left raw so that the jaws of the robots screws have direct contact with the steel of the tube, the same with respect to the corners of the table suspension of the casing column.
  • the present invention therefore has all the advantages of transmission by electromagnetic waves and more, allows an increase in performance that this in wells equipped for production or in drilling course. It also allows you to use more largely the EM transmission, especially in the case deep offshore.
  • the tubes thus coated are also more effectively protected cathodically since the current to inject for cathodic protection will be decreased and otherwise it will only go to places not which therefore require a potential electrical protection against electro-corrosion.
  • the coating can also promote cement adhesion on the tubes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
EP99402571A 1998-10-23 1999-10-19 Méthode et système de transmission d'informations par onde électromagnétique Expired - Lifetime EP0995877B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9813304 1998-10-23
FR9813304A FR2785017B1 (fr) 1998-10-23 1998-10-23 Methode et systeme de transmission d'informations par onde electromagnetique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0995877A1 EP0995877A1 (fr) 2000-04-26
EP0995877B1 true EP0995877B1 (fr) 2003-05-07

Family

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EP99402571A Expired - Lifetime EP0995877B1 (fr) 1998-10-23 1999-10-19 Méthode et système de transmission d'informations par onde électromagnétique

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6628206B1 (pt)
EP (1) EP0995877B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1154251C (pt)
BR (1) BR9905102B1 (pt)
CA (1) CA2286435C (pt)
DE (1) DE69907597T2 (pt)
ES (1) ES2198865T3 (pt)
FR (1) FR2785017B1 (pt)
NO (1) NO315247B1 (pt)
RU (1) RU2206739C2 (pt)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7249636B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2007-07-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for communicating along a wellbore

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7071837B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2006-07-04 Expro North Sea Limited Data transmission in pipeline systems
GB2377131B (en) * 2001-04-23 2006-01-25 Schlumberger Holdings Subsea communication systems and techniques
FR2854425B1 (fr) * 2003-04-30 2005-07-29 Gaz De France Procede et dispositif de transmission d'informations entre une cavite saline et la surface du sol
US7145473B2 (en) * 2003-08-27 2006-12-05 Precision Drilling Technology Services Group Inc. Electromagnetic borehole telemetry system incorporating a conductive borehole tubular
US7170423B2 (en) * 2003-08-27 2007-01-30 Weatherford Canada Partnership Electromagnetic MWD telemetry system incorporating a current sensing transformer
US7080699B2 (en) * 2004-01-29 2006-07-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Wellbore communication system
GB2437877B (en) * 2005-01-31 2010-01-13 Baker Hughes Inc Telemetry system with an insulating connector
US7609169B2 (en) * 2006-08-31 2009-10-27 Precision Energy Services, Inc. Electromagnetic telemetry apparatus and methods for minimizing cyclical or synchronous noise
ATE513231T1 (de) 2007-01-26 2011-07-15 Prad Res & Dev Nv Bohrlochtelemetriesystem
CN101072050B (zh) * 2007-06-19 2010-08-25 北京意科通信技术有限责任公司 一种通过金属管道进行数据传输的系统
US8033127B2 (en) * 2007-07-16 2011-10-11 Earth To Air Systems, Llc Direct exchange system design improvements
TW200930963A (en) * 2008-01-02 2009-07-16 Rui-Zhao Chen Combination refrigerator
CN101824983A (zh) * 2010-05-06 2010-09-08 煤炭科学研究总院西安研究院 一种信号传输装置
US10465503B2 (en) * 2010-05-21 2019-11-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Systems and methods for downhole BHA insulation in magnetic ranging applications
IT1403940B1 (it) * 2011-02-16 2013-11-08 Eni Spa Sistema di rilevamento di formazioni geologiche
BR112015012751A2 (pt) * 2012-12-07 2017-07-11 Halliburton Energy Services Inc sistema e método para determinar a distância e direção de um poço alvo à partir de um segundo poço sendo perfurado
WO2014105051A1 (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-03 Halliburton Energy Services Inc. Downhole electromagnetic telemetry system utilizing electrically insulating material and related methods
US9303507B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2016-04-05 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Down hole wireless data and power transmission system
CN106285660B (zh) * 2016-08-23 2020-03-10 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种多层砂岩油藏低阻油层识别方法及装置
RU2745858C1 (ru) * 2020-06-03 2021-04-02 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-технологический центр Геомеханика" Способ мониторинга скважинных забойных параметров и устройство для его осуществления
CN113236236A (zh) * 2021-06-21 2021-08-10 哈尔滨工程大学 一种以油井管道作为信道的信号传输装置
CN115875018B (zh) * 2022-11-08 2024-06-11 东营高慧石油技术有限公司 一种随钻电阻率测量接收器安装装置及测量方法

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US3967201A (en) * 1974-01-25 1976-06-29 Develco, Inc. Wireless subterranean signaling method
US4001774A (en) * 1975-01-08 1977-01-04 Exxon Production Research Company Method of transmitting signals from a drill bit to the surface
FR2562601B2 (fr) * 1983-05-06 1988-05-27 Geoservices Dispositif pour transmettre en surface les signaux d'un emetteur situe a grande profondeur
US4793409A (en) * 1987-06-18 1988-12-27 Ors Development Corporation Method and apparatus for forming an insulated oil well casing
FR2681461B1 (fr) 1991-09-12 1993-11-19 Geoservices Procede et agencement pour la transmission d'informations, de parametres et de donnees a un organe electro-magnetique de reception ou de commande associe a une canalisation souterraine de grande longueur.
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FR2750450B1 (fr) * 1996-07-01 1998-08-07 Geoservices Dispositif et methode de transmission d'informations par onde electromagnetique
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7249636B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2007-07-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for communicating along a wellbore

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2198865T3 (es) 2004-02-01
DE69907597T2 (de) 2004-03-18
DE69907597D1 (de) 2003-06-12
BR9905102A (pt) 2000-10-03
EP0995877A1 (fr) 2000-04-26
CN1154251C (zh) 2004-06-16
CN1251480A (zh) 2000-04-26
NO315247B1 (no) 2003-08-04
US6628206B1 (en) 2003-09-30
NO995019L (no) 2000-04-25
BR9905102B1 (pt) 2010-08-24
CA2286435A1 (fr) 2000-04-23
FR2785017A1 (fr) 2000-04-28
FR2785017B1 (fr) 2000-12-22
RU2206739C2 (ru) 2003-06-20
CA2286435C (fr) 2006-03-14
NO995019D0 (no) 1999-10-14

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