EP0995027B1 - Procede de fabrication d'une culasse a sieges de soupape integres et culasse a sieges de soupape integres - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'une culasse a sieges de soupape integres et culasse a sieges de soupape integres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0995027B1 EP0995027B1 EP98930847A EP98930847A EP0995027B1 EP 0995027 B1 EP0995027 B1 EP 0995027B1 EP 98930847 A EP98930847 A EP 98930847A EP 98930847 A EP98930847 A EP 98930847A EP 0995027 B1 EP0995027 B1 EP 0995027B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder head
- alloy
- coating layer
- arc
- valve seats
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a method of manufacture of a cylinder head with integrated valve seats, in particular an aluminum alloy cylinder head for an internal combustion engine.
- the present invention relates to a method manufacturing valve seats integrated into a cylinder head by deposition by transferred arc plasma of a coating alloy layer on seat areas of a raw foundry cylinder head, in particular an aluminum alloy cylinder head.
- thermomechanical constraints can lead to cracking of the cylinder head in the inter-seat area, trigger guard or at added seat loosening.
- the valve is the element most requested in this configuration because it must evacuate a large amount of heat. Therefore, its manufacture requires advanced techniques such as the use of multimaterials and stelliting.
- valve seats from an engine cylinder head that remedies the disadvantages associated with valve seats reported.
- Laser beam deposition is advantageous in that it allows fast cooling rates and energy management method of manufacturing valve seats. This process allows to obtain deposits with reduced dilution and having a typical rapid cooling microstructure.
- the document JP-A-61-76742 describes a process for manufacturing valve seats integrated in a cylinder head light alloy in which the cylinder head seating area is reinforced with ceramic fibers during the casting of the cylinder head and which consists in forming a layer of an anti-wear material by means of a laser beam.
- the coating material is deposited in the form of a paste on the breech seat areas, then melted using of a laser beam and quickly cooled in air.
- the coating materials are very specific alloys, % in weight Exhaust valve seats Intake valve seats Co Complement 10 - - - Cr 10 - - - - W 5 - - - - MB 1 8 5 6 5 V 0.5 - - - - VS 1.5 1 1 0.8 - Fe - Complement Complement - - Or - 2 2 30 - Cu - - - Complement 4.5 al - - - - - Complement Yes - - - - 17 having the following compositions:
- the present invention therefore relates to a manufacturing process a cylinder head with integrated valve seats which remedies disadvantages of the prior art, and in particular which does not require the use of fibrous reinforcement in the seat areas of the cylinder head.
- the present invention also relates to a method of manufacture of a cylinder head with integrated valve seats which does not require not a machining, and in particular a polishing of the seat areas of the cylinder head.
- the present invention also relates to a manufacturing process a cylinder head with integrated valve seats which remedies disadvantages of laser beam deposition.
- a preferred alloy according to the invention is the alloy having the following composition, in percent by weight: Or 18 MB 6 Co 6 Fe 6 Yes 3 B 1 Cu Complement.
- the method of the invention can also comprise, beforehand during the deposition step of the covering layer forming the seat of valve, cleaning the cylinder head seat areas by means of a stripper, for example a stripper for brazing on aluminum such as the Castolin® C 190 stripper in the case of an alloy cylinder head aluminum.
- a stripper for example a stripper for brazing on aluminum such as the Castolin® C 190 stripper in the case of an alloy cylinder head aluminum.
- the deposition of a coating layer by plasma spraying at transferred arc is a coating technique known in itself.
- a plasma torch with transferred arc is used, by example a Castolin® torch type GAP-E52.
- the cladding gas and the carrier gas are generally helium, however, the plasma gas is generally argon.
- the powder having the desired composition for the coating is injected by the torch at the foot of the arch.
- the deposit cycle has three phases. A priming phase of the arc, a phase of depositing a coating layer on the area of the seat, and an arc extinction phase with anti-crater effect.
- the duration of the deposition cycle will obviously depend on the thickness desired for deposition, powder composition and conditions obtaining plasma. In general, the complete cycle lasts around 20 seconds to obtain a coating layer having a thickness from 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
- the deposit phase mainly consists in continuing the displacement of the torch on the seat area to be covered while keeping the conditions established in the priming phase until the complete deposition of the coating layer. During this phase, we apply a decreasing arc intensity profile along this phase.
- the last phase of the cycle is an extinction phase in which we proceed to the fading of the arc, then we cut the arrival of alloy powder and the movement of the torch is stopped. Finally, the gases are cut last.
- This extinction phase is avoid the formation of a crater in the coating layer filed.
- the alloy powder injected at the foot of the arch forms a molten bath on the surface of the breech seat area. Due to conductivity high thermal of the material constituting the cylinder head, for example a light alloy, in particular an aluminum alloy such as the AS alloy 5U3, there is rapid cooling of the entire layer of coating / yoke. This gives a very fine microstructure for the coating layer, which promotes mechanical strength and chemical layer coating.
- FIG. 1 There is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, before machining, a coating layer deposited on a breech seat area by the method of the invention.
- this interface 3 there is an interface 3 between the coating layer 2 and the cylinder head 1 which constitutes a connection metallurgical between the alloy of the coating layer 2 and the alloy of the cylinder head 1.
- This inferface which consists of a layer of diffusion of the alloy of the coating 2 into that of the cylinder head 1, guarantees the holding of the covering layer forming the seat on the cylinder head 1, in particular by the control of intermetallic compounds (nature, volume and distribution).
- this interface will have a thickness of the order of 100 ⁇ m and the dilution rate of the alloy of the coating layer in the alloy of the cylinder head in this interface is maintained at less than 10% and even less than 5% by volume.
- the coating layers according to the invention have a special composite microstructure developed in situ when deposited on the breech. These layers consist of a matrix 5 consisting of a solid solution whose exact composition depends on the constituents of the coating in which solid particles are dispersed 6.
- the plasma transfer arc deposit generates in the alloy of the cylinder head 1 a thermally affected area 4 of a depth of about 0.5 to 1 mm in which the microstructure of the alloy of the cylinder head is refined with respect to the rest of the cylinder head 1.
- This is due to the generally high thermal conductivity of the cylinder head alloys, in particular of the light alloys and more particularly of the aluminum alloys.
- a hardness HV 0.5 of 120 to 150 was measured in the thermally affected zone, while the parts which are not thermally affected by the process of the invention have a hardness HV 0.5 of around 80.
- the coatings forming the valve seats according to the invention generally have a thickness of 0.5 to 1.2 mm before machining, which allows them to be self-supporting with respect to the cylinder head in order to withstand mechanical stresses. They have very high mechanical and thermal characteristics, such as a hardness HV 0.5 ranging from 200 to 500, a thermal conductivity greater than 30 W / mK and a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 18.10 -6 K -1 to a temperature of 400 ° C to 600 ° C (which makes them compatible with cylinder head alloys, in particular aluminum alloys such as the AS5U3 alloy).
- the coating layer is machined to obtain the desired geometry and surface finish for the seat of valve. This machining step can be done during machining of the guide valve housing or valve guide housing.
- the process of the invention has many advantages by compared to the prior art.
- the method of the invention also provides a strengthening of the cross-seat trigger guard area by reducing constraints thermomechanical compared to those induced by hooping and difference in coefficient of expansion between the insert and the cylinder head. he would also be possible to remove the reinforcement insert from the trigger guard.
- the present invention also relates to a cylinder head, in particular an aluminum alloy cylinder head, comprising seats of integrated valves consisting of a coating layer of a alloy having the compositions indicated above in the context of the manufacturing process.
- the seat areas can be initially stripped with a solution of an aluminum stripper (Castolin® C 190) applied on the seat areas.
- an aluminum stripper (Castolin® C 190) applied on the seat areas.
- the pilot arc is started (cathode / nozzle) then transfer to establish the main arc (Cathode / yoke).
- the intensity of the main arc is 70 Amps about when it started.
- the alloy powder is injected and the moving the torch on the workpiece with an oscillating movement radial of the torch.
- the bolt is fixed and the torch is mounted on a 5-axis robot.
- the torch follows a circular path conforms to the seat area associated with an oscillating movement perpendicular to its main displacement.
- the torch turns on itself in order to keep the configuration of the injector powder versus displacement.
- Travel speed torch circular is between 200 and 450 mm / minute, however, the oscillation takes place at a frequency of 2 to 3 Hz on a width of about 3 mm.
- the coating layer is deposited while retaining the kinematic parameters of phase 1. However, we decrease, throughout this phase, the intensity of the main arc, for example from 70 to 60 Amps, in order to maintain identical conditions on the entire perimeter of the seat.
- the duration of this filing phase is generally of the order of 15 to 20 seconds.
- the cylinder head is at room temperature.
- the aluminum temperature rise is localized to a nearby area from the surface (under the arch, melting depth less than 1 mm), because the thermal conductivity and the mass of the cylinder head are high.
- valve seats are then machined.
- This step is already part of the machining range of large displacement where a perfect alignment between the seat is sought and the valve guide.
- the cutting conditions are quite because the coating material has very good machinability.
- the seat obtained has a particular microstructure which gives its mechanical, thermal and chemical resistance properties.
- the dense and porous structure of the coating allows obtaining after machining a seat with the required geometry and surface condition.
- the metallurgical connection between the covering bead and the cylinder head participates in heat transfer to the cylinder head. Stability thermodynamics of the coating cord-aluminum couple guarantees resistance to thermomechanical fatigue.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Description
% en poids | |||||
Sièges de soupapes d'échappement | Sièges de soupapes d'admission | ||||
Co | Complément | 10 | - | - | - |
Cr | 10 | - | - | - | - |
W | 5 | - | - | - | - |
Mo | 1 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 5 |
V | 0,5 | - | - | - | - |
C | 1,5 | 1 | 1 | 0,8 | - |
Fe | - | Complément | Complément | - | - |
Ni | - | 2 | 2 | 30 | - |
Cu | - | - | - | Complément | 4,5 |
Al | - | - | - | - | Complément |
Si | - | - | - | - | 17 |
- l'obtention d'une culasse en alliage léger brute de fonderie comportant des zones de siège de soupape;
- le dépôt par plasma à arc transféré sur les zones de siège d'une
couche de revêtement d'un alliage ayant la composition suivante, en
pourcent en poids :
Ni 13 - 20 Mo 2 - 8 Co 0 - 10 Fe 2 - 8 Si 2 - 4 B 1 - 3 Cu Complément ; et - l'usinage de la couche de revêtement pour obtenir la géométrie et l'état de surface voulus pour les sièges de soupape intégrés.
Ni | 18 |
Mo | 6 |
Co | 6 |
Fe | 6 |
Si | 3 |
B | 1 |
Cu | Complément. |
Claims (12)
- Procédé de fabrication d'une culasse en alliage léger comportant des sièges de soupape intégrés, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :l'obtention d'une culasse en alliage léger brute de fonderie comportant des zones de siège de soupape;le dépôt par plasma à arc transféré sur les zones de siège d'une couche de revêtement d'un alliage ayant la composition suivante, en pourcent en poids :
Ni 13 - 20 Mo 2 - 8 Co 0 - 10 Fe 2 - 8 Si 2 - 4 B 1-3 CuComplément ; et l'usinage de la couche de revêtement pour obtenir la géométrie et l'état de surface voulus pour les sièges de soupape intégrés. - Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage de la couche de revêtement a la composition suivante, en pourcent en poids :
Ni 18 Mo 6 Co 6 Fe 6 Si 3 B 1 CuComplément. - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre préalablement à l'étape de dépôt de la couche de revêtement, une étape de décapage des zones de siège.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de dépôt par plasma à arc transféré comporte une phase d'amorçage de l'arc, une phase de dépôt et une phase d'extinction de l'arc.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la phase de dépôt est mise en oeuvre avec un arc d'intensité décroissante.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la phase d'extinction de l'arc voit procéder avec effet anti-cratère à l'évanouissement de l'arc, puis à la coupure d'une arrivée de poudre de l'alliage de revêtement, puis à l'arrêt d'un déplacement relatif d'une torche de dépôt par plasma par rapport aux zones de siège de soupape et enfin à la coupure de gaz délivrés pour le dépôt par plasma.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche de revêtement a une épaisseur de 0,5 à 1,2 mm.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la culasse est en alliage d'aluminium.
- Culasse en alliage léger à sièges de soupape intégrés, caractérisée en ce que les sièges de soupape intégrés sont constitués par une couche de revêtement d'un alliage de composition, en pourcent en poids :
Ni 13 - 20 Mo 2 - 8 Co 0 - 10 Fe 2 - 8 Si 2 - 4 B 1 - 3 CuComplément. - Culasse en alliage léger selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que l'alliage de la couche de revêtement a pour composition, en pourcent en poids :
Ni 18 Mo 6 Co 6 Fe 6 Si 3 B 1 CuComplément. - Culasse en alliage léger selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que l'alliage de la couche de revêtement a une dureté HV0,5 de 200 à 500, une conductivité thermique supérieure à 30 W/m.K et un coefficient de dilatation thermique a une température de 400 à 600°C de 18.10-6 K-1.
- Culasse en alliage léger selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisée en ce que l'alliage léger est un alliage d'aluminium.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9708806 | 1997-07-10 | ||
FR9708806A FR2765915B1 (fr) | 1997-07-10 | 1997-07-10 | Procede de fabrication d'une culasse a sieges de soupape integres et culasse a sieges de soupape integres |
PCT/FR1998/001232 WO1999002839A1 (fr) | 1997-07-10 | 1998-06-12 | Procede de fabrication d'une culasse a sieges de soupape integres et culasse a sieges de soupape integres |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0995027A1 EP0995027A1 (fr) | 2000-04-26 |
EP0995027B1 true EP0995027B1 (fr) | 2003-03-12 |
Family
ID=9509111
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98930847A Expired - Lifetime EP0995027B1 (fr) | 1997-07-10 | 1998-06-12 | Procede de fabrication d'une culasse a sieges de soupape integres et culasse a sieges de soupape integres |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0995027B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69812101T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2194329T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2765915B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999002839A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1155320B (it) * | 1982-04-22 | 1987-01-28 | Fiat Auto Spa | Metodo per l'ottenimento di una sede valvola su una testata di un motore endotermico e motore con sedi valvola ottenute con tale metodo |
JPS62150014A (ja) * | 1985-12-25 | 1987-07-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | アルミニウム合金製バルブシ−トレスシリンダヘツド |
JPH0610081A (ja) * | 1992-06-29 | 1994-01-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気用チタンバルブを備えたエンジン |
JPH08312800A (ja) * | 1995-05-15 | 1996-11-26 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | 接合型バルブシート |
-
1997
- 1997-07-10 FR FR9708806A patent/FR2765915B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-06-12 WO PCT/FR1998/001232 patent/WO1999002839A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-06-12 DE DE69812101T patent/DE69812101T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-12 ES ES98930847T patent/ES2194329T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-12 EP EP98930847A patent/EP0995027B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2194329T3 (es) | 2003-11-16 |
FR2765915B1 (fr) | 1999-08-27 |
EP0995027A1 (fr) | 2000-04-26 |
FR2765915A1 (fr) | 1999-01-15 |
DE69812101T2 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
WO1999002839A1 (fr) | 1999-01-21 |
DE69812101D1 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
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