EP0993534B1 - Method for preparing and renovating ancient walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing and renovating ancient walls (2, 2.1), specially those made of stone (8), brick, mortar (9) or the like. The wall (2, 2.1) is laterally sealed and is irrigated with water from the top down until the mortar (9) is at least partially softened. Subsequently, a binding agent is applied to the wall (2), specially to the crown (7) thereof.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for preparing and renovating ancient walls, in particular from stones, bricks, mortar and the like, as well as an apparatus for carrying out the method.

From the prior art, a pressing method is known, wherein an ancient wall, which may be several centuries old if necessary, is first cleaned. The cleaning comprises cleaning the surface, for example by means of steam jets, steam jets or sandblasting. The repair of the joints as well as the bricking and subsequent plastering will follow thereafter. However, such a cleaning and repair of an ancient wall affects only the surface and not the wall itself. Then a plurality of holes at least 4 per m ² surface are introduced into the wall to be renovated. The holes have a diameter of about 2-5 cm and are about 15 cm deep in the wall. Then be connected to such holes pressure hoses, and by means of high pressure, the wall to be rehabilitated is mortared. A mixture of cement, mortar or the like. Suspension enters cavities, fills them, and hardens there. Then the pressure hoses are removed again and the holes plastered.

A disadvantage of such a method for preparing and renovating walls is that the original composition of the wall is changed. In addition, only porous components of the conventional mortar and the other components of the wall such as stones, bricks od. Like. Enclosed in the suspension and held together. The original mortar structure and especially the original structure of the wall is therefore destroyed. Through the use of suspensions which also contain cementitious components, different materials are present in the wall with different hardness. The original ancient mortar is not soaked by the suspension, although such a wall, for example. With 15 bar pressure baufschlagt, since the original mortar withstands a pressure of about 0.9 to 1.2 bar. Thus, with this method, the original mortar can not be impregnated and fixed.

Even an alignment of an example. Sloping wall is not possible here without structural destruction, and destruction of the mortar structure.

Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that, when carrying out such a method, high costs arise, for example, through the provision of machines. The wear of tools, such as drills, etc. must also be taken into account and included.

From the US 4,060,953 a method for rehabilitating a wall is shown in which the wall is completely surrounded by a shuttering is surrounded and sealed. The wall is connected in the foot or base area with a water source, wherein in the wall crown area by means of a vacuum pump, a vacuum is generated. Subsequently, water is sucked through the wall from bottom to top. The disadvantage here is that a casing around a wall around must be completely sealed to ensure adequate suction.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and a device, with which in a simple and inexpensive way, the above-mentioned disadvantages can be eliminated. Furthermore, the original structure of an ancient wall should not be damaged and preserved. This should also be possible when erecting a lowered or inclined wall.

To achieve this object, that the wall is first sealed laterally and then applied from above with water until the mortar is at least partially softened, which is then applied to the wall, in particular a masonry crown, a binder.

In the present invention, an ancient wall is supplied with water from above. Laterally, the wall by means of a shuttering if necessary. Sealed with a sealing element and intermediate buffer element. Water must flow or flow through the wall itself. This soaking process of an ancient and to be rehabilitated wall or wall can possibly take several days to a few weeks. As a result, the original mortar is softened until it loses its brittle and dry consistency. In this state, if necessary, by means of shuttering elements, the wall can be tilted. This is the case if, for example, it has been shortened over a long period or is at an angle.

Then, by applying the corresponding shuttering elements with pressure, the wall can be moved back to its original vertical position. A foundation will be created if necessary to fix the wall. Important, however, is that the wall and in particular its components such as stones, mortar are not changed or even damaged. To fix the softened mortar, the wall is once again briefly flowed through in the manner described above with water. Subsequently, a binder from above, especially from a wall crown, with sealed side walls, poured through the wall. Due to the gravitational force and in particular the capillary action, the binder, which od in particular from conventional lime materials, such as hydrated lime, Trasskalk. Like., Introduced into the wall. In this case, the now softened and, if necessary, elastic mortar is impregnated by the capillary action or penetrated by the binder.

If this process is completed, the wall remains if necessary. For hardening in the shuttering is turned off and then turned off. By adding lime or lime derivatives of the mortar gets its original shape again. Giants that were originally present in the porous mortar, on the one hand by the irrigation and on the other hand by the binder back to a solid structure and unity. Thus, all components of the wall are firmly integrated again. This wall can last for many more centuries without further damage. In addition, the original and ancient condition is restored without adding new or other materials to the wall.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the wall is pressurized laterally by the corresponding shuttering and in particular by the buffer element, without resulting in damage or other impairments of wall components. The buffer element gives way to unevenness and at the same time presses the film designed as a sealing element against the lateral masonry. A seal is created so that the liquid or water or binder must flow directly through the wall from above and can not escape laterally.

If the wall is smooth and plastered, it may be possible to dispense with the buffer element as an alternative to the device according to the invention.

• Figur 1 einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zum Aufbereiten und Sanieren einer altertümlichen Mauer in Gebrauchslage;
• Figur 2 einen weiteren Querschnitt durch eine Vorrichtung zum Aufbereiten und Sanieren von Mauern in einer weiteren Gebrauchslage.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing; this shows in

• FIG. 1 a cross section through an inventive device for processing and renovation of an ancient wall in the operating position;
• FIG. 2 a further cross section through a device for processing and renovation of walls in another position of use.

According to FIG. 1 has a device according to the invention R a casing 1.1, 1.2, which rests against a wall 2 side. The shuttering 1.1, 1.2 by means of supporting elements 3.1, 3.2 held against the wall 2. The support elements 3.1, 3.2 are, as it is indicated in the double arrow direction formed variable in length. This can be done mechanically, for example by means of threads or pneumatically. The support elements 3.1, 3.2 are supported on a bottom surface 4.

The peculiarity of the present invention is that in each case between the casings 1.1, 1.2, a sealing element 5.1, 5.2 on both sides of the wall rests laterally and then a buffer element 6.1, 6.2 is disposed therebetween.

The sealing element 5.1, 5.2 consists essentially of a water-impermeable film, which is preferably formed elastically. The adjoining buffer element 6.1, 6.2 is, for example, very soft as an insulating mat and also elastic. This is used to compensate for unevenness in the wall 2 when applying the casing 1.1, 1.2 against the wall 2 with pressure.

In this way, the sealing element is 5.1 or 5.2 directly on the side of the wall 2 and forms a lateral support and sealing. It also ensures that protruding parts of the wall 2 are not damaged.

By such an application of a device R according to the invention, a lateral seal is produced. In the context of the present invention, however, it should also be understood that the sealing element 5.1, 5.2 can be omitted and only the buffer element 6.1, 6.2 is used for sealing and supporting. This is then if necessary. Also provided with a water-impermeable, the wall-facing surface. If such a seal made, the wall 2 is applied from above to a masonry crown 7 with water, soaked and watered.

Preferably, this watering process should last a longer period of time, so that the water can flow from top to bottom through the individual components of the wall 2, such as stones 8 and in particular the mortar 9. This is in FIG. 1 indicated by the arrow direction.

The stones 8 and in particular the mortar 9 are wetted by water. Due to the capillary action and in particular by the slope, the brittle and dried mortar 9 is impregnated with water when exposed to water. This becomes soft and elastic after a certain exposure time.

After this reaction time, a binder, in particular from hydrated lime, hydrated lime, trass limestone or the like, is applied to the crown 7. This causes the binder binds by capillary action with the mortar in the wall 2 and in this way restores the strength and durability of the wall 2.

These binders were also used in the manufacture of such a wall 2 earlier. In this way, an ancient historic wall 2 is prepared and restored without changing the original components of the wall 2, for example, by additives such as cement. Subsequently, after a certain curing time, the shuttering 1.1, 1.2 and in particular the sealing elements 5.1, 5.2 and the buffer elements 6.1, 6.2 are removed from the wall. This wall 2 is then preserved again for many decades, with the individual stones 8 and other components are firmly integrated into the conventional mortar 8.

In a further embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 2 the device R is shown in a different position of use. Here, the device R and in particular its casing 1.1, 1.2 is applied to an obliquely inclined wall 2.1. Here too, as described above, the sealing element 5.1, 5.2 and the buffer element 6.1, 6.2 are arranged therebetween. In order for such an inclined wall 2.1 can be erected back into its vertical position, the shuttering 1.1, 1.2 laterally applied with the now arranged sealing elements 5.1, 5.2 and buffer elements 6.1, 6.2 before erecting the side 1.1. By pressurizing the wall 2.1 with pressure, there is a lateral seal, as already described above. Subsequently, water is continuously applied to the wall 2.1 in the obliquely inclined position of the wall crown 7 from. This soaking process also lasts several days and possibly weeks. Again, the dried, hardened and brittle and, if necessary, brittle mortar 9 is again softened and elastic.

Subsequently, the wall 2.1 by extending or by loading the casing 1.2 with pressure and simultaneous retraction of the support element 3.1 and the casing 1.1 are erected in the vertical. The structure of the wall 2.1 is not damaged due to the elastic and soaked mortar 9. If the wall is aligned in the vertical or vertical plane, a foundation not shown here is poured to fix the wall 2.1 perpendicular thereto. Subsequently, after the alignment in the vertical position, the wall 2.1 is briefly acted upon by water from the wall crown 7 ago. All capillaries of the wall 2.1 or of the mortar 9 are filled again with water. Subsequently, as described above, the binder is added to firmly bind all components of the wall, in particular the stones 8 in the mortar 9 and to consolidate this. The wall can then be switched off. Also, it should be thought of here to provide the front sides of the wall with appropriate shuttering and with sealing elements and / or buffer elements.

With the present invention, a method and a device is provided, with which an ancient historical wall 2, 2.1 can be aligned and renovated in the simplest and most cost-effective manner. Incidentally, conventional materials used in the construction of such an ancient wall are used only in the present invention. Thus, the structural substance of the ancient wall 2, 2.1 is not changed.

Position Number List

1 casing 34 67 2 Wall 35 68 3 support element 36 69 4 floor area 37 70 5 sealing element 38 71 6 buffer element 39 72 7 coping 40 73 8th stone 41 74 9 mortar 42 75 10 43 76 11 44 77 12 45 78 13 46 79 14 47 R contraption 15 48 16 49 17 50 18 51 19 52 20 53 21 54 22 55 23 56 24 57 25 58 26 59 27 60 28 61 29 62 30 63 31 64 32 65 33 66

Claims (10)

1. Method of preparing and renovating ancient walls (2, 2.1) by means of mortar (9), in particular comprising stones (8), bricks and the like,
   characterized in
   that the wall (2, 2.1) is first sealed laterally and then loaded from above with water until the mortar (9) has become at least partially sodden, wherein a binding agent is then applied onto the wall (2), in particular onto a crest (7) of the wall.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that before a possibly inclined wall (2, 2.1) is set into a vertical position, said wall is sealed laterally and then drenched with water from above.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the inclined wall (2.1) after being drenched with water is set upright and then loaded with binding agent from above.
4. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, after binding agent has been supplied, the wall (2, 2.1) is hardened in an adjacent lining (1, 1.2) and then the lining is removed.
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that to prepare and/or set the inclined wall (2, 2.1) upright a lateral lining (1, 1.2) is used, which is loaded with pressure against the wall (2, 2.1).
6. Method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that for lateral sealing and renovation a sealing element (5.1, 5.2), in particular a foil, and/or then a buffer element (6.1, 6.2) is inserted between the wall (2, 2.1) and the lateral lining (1, 1.2).
7. Device for preparing and renovating ancient walls (2, 2.1) by means of mortar (9), in particular comprising stones (8), bricks and the like, comprising a lining (1.1, 1.2) that is capable of laterally surrounding the wall (2, 2.1), characterized by a buffer element (6.1, 6.2) that is to be disposed between wall and lining.
8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that a buffer element (6.1, 6.2) and a sealing element (5.1, 5.2) are disposed between wall (2, 2.1) and lining (1.1, 1.2).
9. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a sealing element (5.1, 5.2) is inserted between wall (2, 2.1) and lining (1.1, 1.2).
10. Device according to at least one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the sealing element (5.1, 5.2), in particular foil and/or the buffer element (6.1, 6.2) are/is elastic and/or impervious to liquid.

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