EP0983520A1 - Procede et dispositif pour produire et recevoir des champs electromagnetiques a des fins de verification et de mesure - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour produire et recevoir des champs electromagnetiques a des fins de verification et de mesure

Info

Publication number
EP0983520A1
EP0983520A1 EP98928241A EP98928241A EP0983520A1 EP 0983520 A1 EP0983520 A1 EP 0983520A1 EP 98928241 A EP98928241 A EP 98928241A EP 98928241 A EP98928241 A EP 98928241A EP 0983520 A1 EP0983520 A1 EP 0983520A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inner conductors
rear wall
screen
electromagnetic fields
generating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98928241A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg FUNCK
Diethard Hansen
Detlef Ristau
Stefan MÖBLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Euro EMC Service Dr Hansen GmbH
Original Assignee
Euro EMC Service Dr Hansen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19806320A external-priority patent/DE19806320A1/de
Application filed by Euro EMC Service Dr Hansen GmbH filed Critical Euro EMC Service Dr Hansen GmbH
Publication of EP0983520A1 publication Critical patent/EP0983520A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
    • G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
    • G01R29/0821—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning rooms and test sites therefor, e.g. anechoic chambers, open field sites or TEM cells
    • G01R29/0828—TEM-cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and devices for generating and receiving electromagnetic fields and is used in particular for electromagnetic field radiation and radiation in electronic and electrical devices and systems, for example for EMC measurements.
  • a first device according to the invention is designed as a funnel-shaped, electrically symmetrical strip conductor, in which TEM cells are generated, and which is either permanently integrated in its own screen or can be built into existing absorber chambers.
  • a second device according to the invention has at least four widened inner conductors, which are arranged in such a way that pairs are formed by symmetrical feeding at the tips of the inner conductors, which at their end are individually terminated correctly at an absorber-covered conductive rear wall.
  • the geometrical shape of the outer screen is not of decisive importance for both devices, since it should not be integrated into the current return line.
  • the screen can e.g. have a special pyramidal shape or also be cuboid.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is that most of the energy is concentrated in the space of only 2.5 cm between the shield and the inner conductors, and the field in the test volume is therefore relatively compared to the input power and parasitic effects is weak. This affects precision, especially at high frequencies.
  • the major part of the energy is not transported between the two inner conductors composed of individual wires, but between the inner conductors and the shield walls directly above or below.
  • the conditions are similar to those in the previously described arrangement according to DE 195 49 246. Only the rear wall, possibly the front wall and the side walls, should be clad with absorbers, while the screen walls lying directly above and below the wires together with the Wires form the asymmetrical line systems described there.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object when using the volume advantages of the electrically symmetrical waveguide to provide a method and devices for generating and receiving electromagnetic fields, in particular for testing and measuring purposes, the method providing highly effective, low-loss operation at a high energy concentration in the Test volume enables and the devices can be inexpensive, manufactured and adjusted with little effort.
  • a particular advantage of the invention is the effective generation of a high energy concentration in the test volume, that is to say inside the cell between the pyramid-shaped inner conductors, by largely preventing the return of current via the screen and thereby transporting the main energy between the inner conductors through the test volume.
  • the construction is fed symmetrically via a balun at the top of the two, for example triangular, inner conductors designed as metallic plates.
  • a balun at the top of the two, for example triangular, inner conductors designed as metallic plates.
  • all four side walls and the rear wall of the screen can be covered with absorbent material e.g. Ferrite tiles are clad.
  • the rear wall can be constructed both straight and curved. There are various options for terminating the resistance, with the current shortly closing on the inside of the rear wall.
  • a particular advantage of the second implementation variant of the invention is the electrical switchability or pivotability of the polarization of the TEM waveguide, which is achieved in that at least four widened inner conductors are arranged in such a way that symmetrical feed to the Pointed pairs are formed, which are terminated individually at the end on an absorber-covered conductive rear wall with correct impedance.
  • Fig. 1 TEM waveguide with two inner conductors and with a rear wall according to a first device
  • Fig. 2 TEM waveguide with two inner conductors and with its own second rear wall isolated from the screen according to the first device
  • FIG. 3 shows an implementation variant of a second device with four inner conductors
  • FIG. 3A shows an enlarged illustration of the balun area according to FIG. 3
  • FIG. 4 cross-sectional view of the TEM waveguide of Fig. 3 with shield
  • Fig. 5 feed into the TEM waveguide of FIG. 3 switchable for vertical and horizontal polarization
  • Fig. 7 design of the current paths and arrangement of the terminating resistors at a. TEM waveguide with eight inner conductors corresponding to FIG. 6
  • the simplest form of implementation with respect to the first device is to conductively attach the resistors 1 arranged on the inside of the screen 4 to the rear wall 3.
  • ferrite absorbers make sure that Current paths 2 are kept clear to ensure the flow of electricity.
  • This can be implemented in such a way that the area around the resistors 1 and the path to the respectively opposite resistor 1 is not covered with absorbers, or a corresponding earth strap is applied to the absorbers at these points.
  • the reason is the high dielectric constant of the ferrite absorbers, which changes the characteristic impedance by increasing the capacitance.
  • Another reason is the high permittivity number, which makes the current path too high-resistance due to an increase in inductance.
  • a second possibility, as shown in FIG. 2, is to use two rear walls 3a, 3b lying one behind the other, so that the current can additionally flow unhindered on the rear side of the first rear wall 3a which is not lined with absorbent material.
  • the second rear wall 3b closes the screen 4 and, like this, can additionally be coated on the inside with absorbent material.
  • the first rear wall 3a can additionally be arranged in an electrically completely insulated manner from the second rear wall 3b. The only conductive connection of the shield to the internals is then through the socket 8 inserted into the shield. This leaves the possibility of mechanical rotation of the septa within the fixed housing.
  • the screen 4 does not necessarily have to be pyramid-shaped, as shown in FIG.
  • the screen could, for. B. can also be designed cuboid.
  • the TEM waveguide can be installed cost-effectively in already existing full absorber chambers and in this case the absorber chamber can be used as a shield.
  • the installation can be carried out in such a way that earth strips for the creation of the required current paths 2 are first glued to the wall to which the resistors 1 are to be attached. The resistors 1 are then conductively connected to these ground straps.
  • the cost-saving is compared to the prior art by dispensing with the costly serrated plate at the feed, which is associated with a considerable adjustment effort.
  • the stripline must be constructed with a significantly higher impedance, for example with a 200 ohm characteristic impedance.
  • the balun 7 arranged at the tip 6a of the inner conductor can also be used for resistance adjustment (for example 1: 4 balun) in addition to symmetrization. With the same input power at the 50 ohm socket 8, a higher electrical field strength can be achieved in the test volume in the case of field radiation.
  • a stripline with a few hundred ohm wave impedance (large distance between the two inner conductors 6 as a forward and return conductor) can be constructed with significantly greater distance tolerances than a 25 ohm waveguide (small distance between the inner conductor and the screen as a forward and return conductor).
  • a spacer between the inner conductor 6 and screen 4 or between the first and second rear walls 3a, 3b for example, rigid foam blocks or rigid foam plates can be used.
  • the door can be arranged both in the side walls 5 and in the rear wall 3a, 3b.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the second device with four inner conductors.
  • the waveguide is later installed in a screen 15 completely lined with ferrite absorbers 14a, as the cross-sectional illustration in FIG. 4 shows.
  • the geometrical shape of the outer screen 15 is not of crucial importance, since it should not be integrated into the current return line due to the covering with ferrite absorbers 14a.
  • the screen 15 can, for example, have a pyramid-like shape or also be cuboid in order to achieve a cross section corresponding to FIG. 4.
  • the implementation of corresponding current paths can also be achieved by applying corresponding metallic ground straps to the ferrite absorbers 14a.
  • Each inner conductor 11 is terminated with resistors 13 individually on these current paths 12 with correct impedance.
  • the current paths 12 are arranged in the edge region of the TEM conductor cross section in order to minimize field reflections in the test volume.
  • the inner conductors 11 can be implemented most simply by triangular metal strips. In principle, however, it is also possible to use other inner conductor cross sections, however, in order to achieve a wave resistance that is constant over the length, their cross section must widen continuously to the same extent as the overall structure. In the case of round cross sections, this leads, for example, to conically widening conical inner conductors 11.
  • the switchover device 19 By inserting a switching device 19, which is not explicitly shown in the figures, between the tips 11a of the inner conductors 11 and the balun 17, it is possible to determine the polarization of the TEM wave in cross section from to switch vertical E-field polarization to horizontal E-field polarization. In the first case, the horizontal and in the second case the vertically adjacent inner conductors 11 are connected in pairs at the tip (FIG. 5). Implementation possibilities for the switchover device 19 are, for example, a plug-in connection which allows the balun 17 to be plugged onto the four inner conductors 11, also rotated 90 °, or a correspondingly constructed rotary switch.
  • further polarization angles can be set if the arrangement is appropriate. With a total of six inner conductors 11, the polarization can be set in 60 ° steps, with eight inner conductors 11 in 45 ° steps and with another even number of inner conductors n in 360 ° / n steps.
  • FIG. 6 shows a possible implementation for the configuration of the feed and FIG. 7 for the termination of a TEM waveguide with eight inner conductors 11, the inner conductors 11 being arranged in an octagon.
  • the polarization of the TEM Shaft can be set in 45 ° steps.
  • attenuators 16 can be used to ensure that adjacent inner conductor pairs are subjected to a correspondingly lower RF voltage than the middle pairs.
  • the voltage to be set must be inversely proportional to the average inner conductor spacing in order to obtain a field distribution between the inner conductors 11 that is as uniform as possible in the entire interior.
  • each individual inner conductor 11 is terminated individually with an "active balun", the direction of polarization can also be set fully electronically.
  • an "active balun” consists of power RF transistors which are driven by a power splitter with the correct amplitude and with a switchable phase position.
  • an amplifier made of RF transistors is controlled via an adaptation network, the amplification of which can be set, the phase position of which can be switched and the outputs of which are interconnected via a power combiner.
  • a phase-shifted feed can also generate a rotating polarization (circularly polarized wave).
  • a rotating polarization circularly polarized wave
  • two voltages offset by the phase angle 90 ° can be connected simultaneously, each of these voltages being fed between two diagonally opposed inner conductors 11.
  • Another possible variation is to replace the terminating resistors 13 with open circuit or short circuit.
  • low-frequency electrical or low-frequency magnetic fields can be generated, for example for certain 50 or 60 Hz mains frequency tests, so that no extra devices such as special magnetic frames etc. are required for these simple tests either.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de mesure et de vérification, ainsi que trois dispositifs pour mesures de vulnérabilité électromagnétique s'utilisant à des fins de dissipation et d'émission de champ dans des appareils et des systèmes électroniques et électriques. Outre les mesures de vulnérabilité électromagnétique et les vérifications qui peuvent être mises en corrélation avec d'autres procédés de mesure normalisés, ce procédé et le dispositif correspondant permettent également d'effectuer des étalonnages de champ extrêmement précis. Ce procédé se caractérise en ce qu'un champ électromagnétique est guidé entre les conducteurs intérieurs avec une concentration maximale en énergie et qu'un flux de courant provenant des conducteurs intérieurs est supprimé par l'intermédiaire du blindage et que la polarisation du guide d'ondes TEM est ajustable. Le premier dispositif est fondé sur le fait qu'au moins deux conducteurs intérieurs (6) opposés de structure évasée sont alimentés au niveau de leur pointe (6a) de manière symétrique par l'intermédiaire d'un symétriseur (7) et que les conducteurs intérieurs (6) sont connectés de manière électroconductrice avec une première paroi arrière (3a) et/ou une seconde paroi arrière (3b), par l'intermédiaire de résistances (1). Un second dispositif comporte au moins quatre conducteurs intérieurs de structure évasée, qui sont disposés de manière qu'une alimentation symétrique par paires au niveau des pointes des conducteurs intérieurs permette de former des paires qui se terminent individuellement à leur extrémité contre la paroi conductrice recouverte d'absorbant, de manière à avoir l'impédance voulue.
EP98928241A 1997-05-21 1998-05-11 Procede et dispositif pour produire et recevoir des champs electromagnetiques a des fins de verification et de mesure Withdrawn EP0983520A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19721950 1997-05-21
DE19721950 1997-05-21
DE19806320 1998-02-06
DE19806320A DE19806320A1 (de) 1997-05-21 1998-02-06 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung und zum Empfang von elektromagnetischen Feldern zu Prüf- und Meßzwecken
PCT/EP1998/002746 WO1998053333A1 (fr) 1997-05-21 1998-05-11 Procede et dispositif pour produire et recevoir des champs electromagnetiques a des fins de verification et de mesure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0983520A1 true EP0983520A1 (fr) 2000-03-08

Family

ID=26036841

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98928241A Withdrawn EP0983520A1 (fr) 1997-05-21 1998-05-11 Procede et dispositif pour produire et recevoir des champs electromagnetiques a des fins de verification et de mesure

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0983520A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998053333A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103235209B (zh) * 2013-03-29 2015-01-07 辽宁工程技术大学 实验用高速铁路弓网电磁噪声产生装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2738507B2 (ja) * 1994-10-25 1998-04-08 松下電器産業株式会社 微小電磁波測定および強電磁波発生用セル
DE19501329C1 (de) * 1995-01-18 1996-07-11 Eupen Kabelwerk Vorrichtung zur EMI-Prüfung elektronischer Geräte
DE19549246C1 (de) * 1995-12-21 1997-04-10 Hansen Euro Emc Service Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung und zum Empfang elektromagnetischer Wellen zu Prüfzwecken
GB9605150D0 (en) * 1996-03-11 1996-05-08 Univ Reading Electromagnetic compatibility testing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9853333A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998053333A1 (fr) 1998-11-26

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