EP0972592A1 - Method and horizontal continuous casting machine for the production of a coilable metal strip - Google Patents

Method and horizontal continuous casting machine for the production of a coilable metal strip Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0972592A1
EP0972592A1 EP99112875A EP99112875A EP0972592A1 EP 0972592 A1 EP0972592 A1 EP 0972592A1 EP 99112875 A EP99112875 A EP 99112875A EP 99112875 A EP99112875 A EP 99112875A EP 0972592 A1 EP0972592 A1 EP 0972592A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
metal strip
pulling
rollers
roller
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99112875A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0972592B2 (en
EP0972592B1 (en
Inventor
Anwar Von Skroka
Hubertus Dr. Brüning
Hartmut Dipl.-Ing. Oelmann
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KM Europa Metal AG
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KM Europa Metal AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
    • B22D11/1284—Horizontal removing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/0694—Accessories therefor for peeling-off or removing the cast product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y10T29/49991—Combined with rolling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a coil windable metal strip in a horizontal strip caster and on the other one Horizontal belt caster for performing the process.
  • a conventional horizontal strip caster for producing a coil wound metal strip initially comprises an oven (holding oven or hottop), at the outlet a chilled mold is flanged, which has the cross section of the Metal bands determined.
  • a pulling unit with several pulling rollers is arranged at a distance from the mold.
  • the metal strip is between several horizontally extending pulling rollers in a horizontal direction through the pulling unit. From the peel rollers is driven at least one pulling roller. However, there are usually several peel rollers driven.
  • a milling unit can be placed between the mold and the pulling unit be integrated for processing the surface of the metal strip.
  • the reeling unit is provided with several winding rolls, which bend the metal strip so that it comes out after exiting the curling unit a coil is deposited.
  • the coil is on in the reeling unit above the winding rolls provided, horizontally extending support rollers.
  • the roll-in unit itself is on roller bearings and is relative to one by the metal band fixed machine bed relocatable.
  • a belt cutting unit which is roll-supported in the longitudinal direction of the metal strip is displaceable and the metal strip separates when a coil is has reached a predetermined diameter.
  • the drives for the pull-off rollers, the tape cutting unit and the winding rollers are Coupled together via a programmable logic controller.
  • the metal strip that can be wound into a coil is produced in a pilgrim-like cycle, consisting of a forward stroke of approximately 15 mm and a return stroke of approximately 5 mm, with a pause of approximately 2 seconds between the individual strokes.
  • the relative acceleration of the metal strip is approximately 4.5 cm / s 2 . Since the roll-in unit is connected to the coil lying thereon and the diameter of the coil is constantly increasing during the entire production of the metal strip on the coil, mass pulling forces of up to about 25 t (roll-in unit with approx. 4 t to 6 t, that in diameter) must be used with the pulling unit growing coil with approx. 4 t to 16 t and in the case of strip separation also the strip separation unit with approx. 2 t) can be mastered. Taking into account the strip pulling force of approx. 2.5 t, a mass force of 250 kN must be accelerated and braked in time with the cycles.
  • the roll-in unit is pulled from the pull-off unit via the metal strip between two Positions shifted.
  • a limit switch causes the Einrollantrieb to switch on and the roll-in unit moves back along the metal band to the starting position emotional. If this starting position is reached, another limit switch is actuated and switches the curling drive off again.
  • the path of the rolling unit is at approx. 500 mm.
  • Masses accelerated intermittently back and forth up to thirty times a minute as well as slowed down.
  • the opposing forces become larger and larger cause considerable stresses on the bearings for the Winding rolls, but also the other bearings that are constantly serviced for this reason and need to be replaced frequently.
  • the default Subtraction parameters falsified so that the cycles cannot be reproduced is possible. A procedure with a higher number of cycles per minute is locked out.
  • the invention is based on the object Method for producing a metal strip wound into a coil, and one Horizontal belt caster to implement the process, which Avoid high mass acceleration forces and reproducible every single cycle do.
  • the key point of the invention is the measure of at least one winding roll of the rolling unit and at least one peeling roller of the peeling unit in the cycle of the forward stroke and the return stroke of the metal strip to drive synchronously, that is, the pulling unit and to equip the rolling unit with synchronized drives.
  • the Tape separator is included here when it takes action. In this way finds the vocational step-like cycle, consisting of a forward stroke and a counter stroke shorter return stroke in length, only in the metal band instead, the unavoidable minor impacts in the end phases of the cycles in the loop of the coil can be compensated for, which is behind the last winding rolls of the single-reel unit and trains the coil.
  • the roll-in unit therefore winds synchronously with the Puller unit and in principle no longer needs to be moved. It will only a short travel distance of approx. 50 mm is provided, which is used to correct the position of the Roll-in unit is intended. The movement of the rolling unit on this distance from about 50 mm takes place in a period of about ten hours, so that relative movement is insignificant.
  • the synchronous driving style can be done with any drive unit. There are purely electrical (three-phase servo drives), but also servo-hydraulic or pure mechanical drives imaginable.
  • such a horizontal belt caster is arranged in a row one at a distance from one assigned to an oven (holding oven or hottop) Chill mold locally fixed pulling unit with several pulling rollers.
  • the peel rollers preferably lie in pairs one above the other and grasp the metal strip between them.
  • the horizontal belt caster comprises one in the longitudinal direction of the the pulling unit from the mold pulled metal strip synchronously with this displaceable Tape cutting unit. This is used when a coil meets the intended Diameter or the intended weight has reached. Then she will at the speed of the metal strip over the period of the cutting process emotional.
  • the horizontal belt caster also has a longitudinal direction of the metal strip relocatable single unit with several winding rolls.
  • the winding rollers synchronized with the pulling rollers via their drives are of this type arranged above and below the metal band so that they grip the metal band, continue and ultimately bend so that it is easily wound into the coil.
  • the roll-in unit is therefore no longer moved by the metal strip.
  • By the Feeding the metal strip exclusively through the pulling unit becomes the feed force of the metal strip is deflected into a rotary movement of the coil.
  • This coil lies on support rollers in the roller unit.
  • the feed force is approx. 15 mm initiated in the rotation of the coil and stands out in its linear Movement on.
  • the return stroke is due to the minimal distance of about 5 mm compensated in the loop, which is between the last pair of winding rolls and trains the coil.
  • the horizontal strip caster 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 initially comprises a holding furnace 2, to which a cooled mold 3 is flanged.
  • a metal strip 4 emerges from the mold 3, in the exemplary embodiment from a Copper alloy existing metal strip of rectangular flat cross section.
  • the Metal strip 4 is then according to the arrow PF on support rollers 5 in a horizontal Level of a locally fixed pulling unit 6 with several pairs assigned to each other Pull rollers 7 fed.
  • the pull rollers 7 are driven, the Drive not illustrated in detail via a control line 8 with a programmable logic controller Controller 9 is coupled.
  • the pull rollers 7 are once in a and after a certain cycle once turned in the other direction, making each like a mitage step a forward stroke and a return stroke are generated. This cycle gives the metal strip 4 in the mold 3 the desired quality.
  • each forward stroke is 15 mm and each return stroke is 5 mm. There is a pause of 2 seconds between the strokes.
  • the belt take-off force is approx. 2.5 t.
  • the relative acceleration of the metal strip 4 by the pulling rollers 7 amounts to 4.5 cm / s 2 .
  • Belt separation unit 10 is provided with scissors 13.
  • the weight of the by that Metal strip 4 in the case of a separation process according to the double arrow PF1 on rollers 11 scissors 13 movable in a locally fixed roller bed 12 is approximately 2 t.
  • the scissor drive (not shown in more detail) is also connected via a control line 14 the programmable logic controller 9 coupled.
  • the metal strip 4 is passed on horizontally behind the strip separation unit 10 and after a further support roller 15 has run over a roller unit 16 supplied, as can be seen in more detail in FIG 2.
  • the rolling unit 16 is on a roller 17 Locally fixed machine bed 18 back and forth over a distance X of approximately 50 mm movable.
  • the winding rolls 19 are not under the influence of one illustrated drive, which is also via a control line 20 with the programmable logic controller 9 is coupled.
  • this control 9 the drives of the pulling unit 6 and the rolling unit 16 are synchronized in such a way that the winding rollers 19 have exactly the same speed as the pulling rollers 7th
  • the winding rollers 19 also move the metal strip 4 in the rolling unit 16 and deform it at the same time, that it is wound into a coil 21 after it leaves the rolling-in unit 16, which lies on support rollers 22 which are also mounted in the rolling unit 16.
  • the Loop 23 of the metal strip 4 between the outlet-side winding rollers 19 and the coil 21 serves to compensate for the return stroke of 5 mm. That’s enough Compensation distance X of approx. 50 mm.
  • the position correction of the rolling unit 16 takes place in a period of about 10 hours, which is a relative movement of 0.001388 mm / s means.
  • the arrows PF3 denote the winding direction of the metal strip 4 to the coil 21.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Winding, Rewinding, Material Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Abstract

Metal strip (4) in horizontal strip casting installation (1) is extracted from mold (3) by the rolls (7) of extraction unit (6) in a cycle with a forward step and a shorter reverse step. It is fed via a shears unit (10) to coiling section (16) and wound into coil (21). At least one coiling roll (19) of coiling section (16) and at least one extraction roll (7) of unit (6) are driven in synchronism. An Independent claim is also included for an installation for carrying out the above method which incorporates a programmable control system (9) governing the drives of the extraction and coiling rolls (7, 19).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einerseits ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines zu einem Coil wickelbaren Metallbands in einer Horizontal-Bandgießanlage und andererseits eine Horizontal-Bandgießanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.On the one hand, the invention relates to a method for producing a coil windable metal strip in a horizontal strip caster and on the other one Horizontal belt caster for performing the process.

Eine herkömmliche Horizontal-Bandgießanlage zur Erzeugung eines zu einem Coil gewickelten Metallbands umfaßt zunächst einen Ofen (Warmhalteofen oder Hottop), an dessen Austritt eine gekühlte Kokille geflanscht ist, welche den Querschnitt des Metallbands bestimmt.A conventional horizontal strip caster for producing a coil wound metal strip initially comprises an oven (holding oven or hottop), at the outlet a chilled mold is flanged, which has the cross section of the Metal bands determined.

Im Abstand zur Kokille ist eine Abzieheinheit mit mehreren Abziehrollen angeordnet. Das Metallband wird zwischen mehreren sich horizontal erstreckenden Abziehrollen in horizontaler Richtung durch die Abzieheinheit geführt. Von den Abziehrollen ist mindestens eine Abziehrolle angetrieben. In der Regel sind jedoch mehrere Abziehrollen angetrieben.A pulling unit with several pulling rollers is arranged at a distance from the mold. The metal strip is between several horizontally extending pulling rollers in a horizontal direction through the pulling unit. From the peel rollers is driven at least one pulling roller. However, there are usually several peel rollers driven.

Bei Bedarf kann zwischen die Kokille und die Abzieheinheit noch eine Fräseinheit zur Bearbeitung der Oberfläche des Metallbands integriert sein.If necessary, a milling unit can be placed between the mold and the pulling unit be integrated for processing the surface of the metal strip.

Von der Abzieheinheit wird das Metallband in horizontaler Ebene weiter bis zu einer Einrolleinheit geführt. Die Einrolleinheit ist mit mehreren Wickelrollen versehen, welche das Metallband biegen, so daß es nach dem Austritt aus der Einrolleinheit zu einem Coil abgelegt wird. Das Coil ist auf in der Einrolleinheit oberhalb der Wickelrollen vorgesehenen, sich horizontal erstreckenden Stützrollen gelagert. From the pulling unit, the metal strip continues in the horizontal plane to one Roll-in unit led. The reeling unit is provided with several winding rolls, which bend the metal strip so that it comes out after exiting the curling unit a coil is deposited. The coil is on in the reeling unit above the winding rolls provided, horizontally extending support rollers.

Die Einrolleinheit selber ist rollengelagert und durch das Metallband relativ zu einem örtlich fixierten Maschinenbett verlagerbar.The roll-in unit itself is on roller bearings and is relative to one by the metal band fixed machine bed relocatable.

Zwischen der Abzieheinheit und der Einrolleinheit befindet sich, meistens in der Nähe der Abzieheinheit, eine Bandtrenneinheit, die rollengestützt in Längsrichtung des Metallbands verlagerbar ist und das Metallband trennt, wenn ein Coil seinen vorbestimmten Durchmesser erreicht hat.There is usually between the pulling unit and the rolling unit Near the peeling unit, a belt cutting unit, which is roll-supported in the longitudinal direction of the metal strip is displaceable and the metal strip separates when a coil is has reached a predetermined diameter.

Die Antriebe für die Abziehrollen, die Bandtrenneinheit und die Wickelrollen sind über eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung miteinander gekoppelt.The drives for the pull-off rollers, the tape cutting unit and the winding rollers are Coupled together via a programmable logic controller.

Die Erzeugung des zu einem Coil wickelbaren Metallbands erfolgt in einem pilgerschrittartigen Zyklus, bestehend aus einem Vorhub von etwa 15 mm und einem Rückhub von ca. 5 mm, wobei zwischen den einzelnen Hüben jeweils eine Pause von annähernd 2 Sekunden eingelegt wird. Die relative Beschleunigung des Metallbands beläuft sich hierbei auf ungefähr 4,5 cm/s2. Da während der gesamten Erzeugung des Metallbands auf dem Coil die Einrolleinheit mit dem darauf liegenden und im Durchmesser ständig wachsenden Coil verbunden ist, müssen mit der Abzieheinheit Massenbeschleunigungskräfte von bis zu etwa 25 t (Einrolleinheit mit ca. 4 t bis 6 t, das im Durchmesser wachsende Coil mit ca. 4 t bis 16 t und im Falle der Bandtrennung auch die Bandtrenneinheit mit etwa 2 t) beherrscht werden. Unter weiterer Berücksichtigung der Bandabzugskraft von ca. 2,5 t muß also eine Massenkraft von 250 kN im Takt der Zyklen beschleunigt und abgebremst werden.The metal strip that can be wound into a coil is produced in a pilgrim-like cycle, consisting of a forward stroke of approximately 15 mm and a return stroke of approximately 5 mm, with a pause of approximately 2 seconds between the individual strokes. The relative acceleration of the metal strip is approximately 4.5 cm / s 2 . Since the roll-in unit is connected to the coil lying thereon and the diameter of the coil is constantly increasing during the entire production of the metal strip on the coil, mass pulling forces of up to about 25 t (roll-in unit with approx. 4 t to 6 t, that in diameter) must be used with the pulling unit growing coil with approx. 4 t to 16 t and in the case of strip separation also the strip separation unit with approx. 2 t) can be mastered. Taking into account the strip pulling force of approx. 2.5 t, a mass force of 250 kN must be accelerated and braked in time with the cycles.

Die Einrolleinheit wird von der Abzieheinheit aus über das Metallband zwischen zwei Positionen verlagert. Ein Endschalter bewirkt, daß sich der Einrollantrieb einschaltet und sich die Einrolleinheit am Metallband entlang in die Ausgangsposition zurück bewegt. Ist diese Ausgangsposition erreicht, wird ein anderer Endschalter betätigt und schaltet den Einrollantrieb wieder aus. Der Verfahrweg der Einrolleinheit liegt bei ca. 500 mm. Bei dieser Verfahrensweise werden mithin die vorstehend angegebenen Massen intermittierend bis zu dreißig Mal in der Minute hin und her beschleunigt sowie abgebremst. Mit zunehmendem Durchmesser des Coils und folglich auch wachsendem Gewicht werden die gegenläufigen Kräfte immer größer und bewirken dadurch erhebliche Beanspruchungen der Lagerungen für die Wickelrollen, aber auch der anderen Lager, die aus diesem Grunde ständig gewartet und häufig ausgetauscht werden müssen. Darüber hinaus werden die vorgegebenen Abzugsparameter verfälscht, so daß eine Reproduzierbarkeit der Zyklen nicht möglich ist. Eine Verfahrensweise mit einer höheren Zyklenzahl je Minute ist ausgeschlossen.The roll-in unit is pulled from the pull-off unit via the metal strip between two Positions shifted. A limit switch causes the Einrollantrieb to switch on and the roll-in unit moves back along the metal band to the starting position emotional. If this starting position is reached, another limit switch is actuated and switches the curling drive off again. The path of the rolling unit is at approx. 500 mm. In this procedure, the above are therefore given Masses accelerated intermittently back and forth up to thirty times a minute as well as slowed down. With increasing diameter of the coil and consequently even as the weight increases, the opposing forces become larger and larger cause considerable stresses on the bearings for the Winding rolls, but also the other bearings that are constantly serviced for this reason and need to be replaced frequently. In addition, the default Subtraction parameters falsified so that the cycles cannot be reproduced is possible. A procedure with a higher number of cycles per minute is locked out.

Der Erfindung liegt ausgehend vom Stand der Technik die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines zu einem Coil gewickelten Metallbands sowie eine Horizontal-Bandgießanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen, welche hohe Massenbeschleunigungskräfte vermeiden und jeden einzelnen Zyklus reproduzierbar machen.Based on the prior art, the invention is based on the object Method for producing a metal strip wound into a coil, and one Horizontal belt caster to implement the process, which Avoid high mass acceleration forces and reproducible every single cycle do.

Was die Lösung des verfahrensmäßigen Teils dieser Aufgabe anlangt, so wird diese in den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gesehen.As for the solution of the procedural part of this task, it becomes seen in the features of claim 1.

Kernpunkt der Erfindung bildet die Maßnahme, mindestens eine Wickelrolle der Einrolleinheit und wenigstens eine Abziehrolle der Abzieheinheit im Zyklus des Vorhubs und des Rückhubs des Metallbands synchron anzutreiben, das heißt die Abzieheinheit und die Einrolleinheit mit synchronisierten Antrieben auszustatten. Auch die Bandtrenneinheit wird hierin einbezogen, wenn sie in Aktion tritt. Auf diese Weise findet der pilgerschrittartige Zyklus, bestehend aus einem Vorhub und einem demgegenüber in der Länge kürzeren Rückhub, nur noch im Metallband statt, wobei die nicht zu vermeidenden geringen Stöße in den Endphasen der Zyklen in der Schlaufe des Coils kompensiert werden, die sich hinter den letzten Wickelrollen der Einrolleinheit und dem Coil ausbildet. Die Einrolleinheit wickelt demnach synchron mit der Abzieheinheit und braucht im Prinzip nicht mehr bewegt zu werden. Es wird lediglich ein geringer Verfahrweg von ca. 50 mm vorgesehen, welcher zur Lagekorrektur der Einrolleinheit gedacht ist. Die Bewegung der Einrolleinheit auf dieser Strecke von ca. 50 mm vollzieht sich aber in einem Zeitraum von etwa zehn Stunden, so daß die relative Bewegung unbedeutend ist.The key point of the invention is the measure of at least one winding roll of the rolling unit and at least one peeling roller of the peeling unit in the cycle of the forward stroke and the return stroke of the metal strip to drive synchronously, that is, the pulling unit and to equip the rolling unit with synchronized drives. Also the Tape separator is included here when it takes action. In this way finds the pilgrim step-like cycle, consisting of a forward stroke and a counter stroke shorter return stroke in length, only in the metal band instead, the unavoidable minor impacts in the end phases of the cycles in the loop of the coil can be compensated for, which is behind the last winding rolls of the single-reel unit and trains the coil. The roll-in unit therefore winds synchronously with the Puller unit and in principle no longer needs to be moved. It will only a short travel distance of approx. 50 mm is provided, which is used to correct the position of the Roll-in unit is intended. The movement of the rolling unit on this distance from about 50 mm takes place in a period of about ten hours, so that relative movement is insignificant.

Im Prinzip ist im Rahmen der Erfindung nur noch die Bandabzugskraft von etwa 2,5 t zu beachten und kurzzeitig für den Zeitpunkt der Trennung des Metallbands auch noch das Gewicht der Bandtrenneinheit von etwa 2 t. Das heißt, maximal ergibt sich ein Gewicht von nur noch 4,5 t, vor und hinter der Trennung eines Metallbands indessen konstant 2,5 t. Das Gewicht des Coils auf der Einrolleinheit wird somit uninteressant. Wichtig ist jedoch im Rahmen der Erfindung, daß nunmehr durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren alle Lager wegen der fehlenden Massenstöße beim Beschleunigen und Abbremsen geschont werden, so daß die Standzeit deutlich erhöht wird. Das Coilgewicht wird lediglich durch die Tragfähigkeit der Einrolleinheit und ihres Maschinenbetts begrenzt.In principle, only the strip pulling force of about 2.5 t is within the scope of the invention to be observed and also briefly for the time of the separation of the metal strip the weight of the belt cutting unit of about 2 t. That means maximum results Weighing only 4.5 t, in front of and behind the separation of a metal band constant 2.5 t. The weight of the coil on the reel-up unit is therefore of no interest. However, it is important in the context of the invention that inventive method all camps because of the lack of mass shocks when Accelerate and slow down so that the service life is clear is increased. The coil weight is only determined by the load capacity of the rolling unit and their machine bed limited.

Die synchrone Fahrweise kann mit jeder beliebigen Antriebseinheit erfolgen. Es sind rein elektrische (Servo-Drehstromantriebe), aber auch servohydraulische oder rein mechanische Antriebe vorstellbar.The synchronous driving style can be done with any drive unit. There are purely electrical (three-phase servo drives), but also servo-hydraulic or pure mechanical drives imaginable.

In Fortbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Grundgedankens sind nach Anspruch 2 die Antriebe jeder angetriebenen Abziehrolle der Abzieheinheit und jeder angetriebenen Wickelrolle der Einrolleinheit über eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung miteinander gekoppelt. Bei mehreren angetriebenen Abziehrollen und Wickelrollen stehen selbstverständlich alle Abziehrollen und alle Wickelrollen für sich unter dem Einfluß eines Antriebs, der dann jeweils über die speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung mit dem anderen Antrieb synchronisiert ist. In a further development of the basic idea of the invention are according to claim 2 Drives of each driven pulling roller of the pulling unit and each driven The reel of the reeling unit with each other via a programmable logic controller coupled. Stand with several driven pulling rollers and winding rollers of course all pulling rollers and all winding rollers for themselves under the influence a drive, which then each with the programmable logic controller the other drive is synchronized.

Selbstverständlich stehen auch die Längsverlagerung der Bandtrenneinheit sowie der Abschermechanismus unter dem Einfluß der speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung, um zum jeweils vorgesehenen Zeitpunkt das Metallband zu trennen, damit anschließend das fertig gewickelte Coil von der Einrolleinheit abgenommen und ein neues Coil gewickelt werden kann.Of course there is also the longitudinal displacement of the belt cutting unit as well the shear mechanism under the influence of the programmable logic controller, to separate the metal strip at the scheduled time, so that afterwards the completely wound coil is removed from the reel-in and in new coil can be wound.

Schließlich erlaubt es die speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung entsprechend den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 3 in vorteilhafter Weise, daß bei Abweichungen vom synchronen Bewegungsablauf die jeweils betroffene Einheit über einen Korrekturfaktor im Zyklus mit einem Positiv- oder Negativinkremental beaufschlagt und dadurch auf eine Mittenposition gehalten oder in einem definierten Zeitraum schrittweise zurückgeführt wird. Mit dieser Maßnahme wird die Reproduzierbarkeit der einzelnen Zyklen vom Anfang bis zum Ende des Wickelns eines Coils noch deutlicher sichergestellt.Finally, it allows the programmable logic controller according to the Features of claim 3 in an advantageous manner that in the event of deviations from synchronous movement of the affected unit via a correction factor in the cycle with a positive or negative incremental and thereby held at a central position or gradually reduced over a defined period becomes. With this measure, the reproducibility of the individual Cycles from the start to the end of winding a coil are ensured even more clearly.

Die gegenständliche Lösung der der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Aufgabe wird in den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 4 erblickt.The objective solution of the problem underlying the invention is in sees the features of claim 4.

Danach weist eine solche Horizontal-Bandgießanlage in Hintereinanderanordnung eine im Abstand zu einer einem Ofen (Warmhalteofen oder Hottop) zugeordneten Kokille örtlich fixierte Abzieheinheit mit mehreren Abziehrollen auf. Die Abziehrollen liegen bevorzugt paarweise übereinander und erfassen zwischen sich das Metallband. Ferner umfaßt die Horizontal-Bandgießanlage eine in Längsrichtung des von der Abzieheinheit aus der Kokille gezogenen Metallbands synchron mit diesem verlagerbare Bandtrenneinheit auf. Diese gelangt zum Einsatz, wenn ein Coil den vorgesehenen Durchmesser bzw. das vorgesehene Gewicht erreicht hat. Dann wird sie mit der Geschwindigkeit des Metallbands über den Zeitraum des Trennvorgangs bewegt. Schließlich weist die Horizontal-Bandgießanlage eine ebenfalls in Längsrichtung des Metallbands verlagerbare Einrolleinheit mit mehreren Wickelrollen auf. According to this, such a horizontal belt caster is arranged in a row one at a distance from one assigned to an oven (holding oven or hottop) Chill mold locally fixed pulling unit with several pulling rollers. The peel rollers preferably lie in pairs one above the other and grasp the metal strip between them. Furthermore, the horizontal belt caster comprises one in the longitudinal direction of the the pulling unit from the mold pulled metal strip synchronously with this displaceable Tape cutting unit. This is used when a coil meets the intended Diameter or the intended weight has reached. Then she will at the speed of the metal strip over the period of the cutting process emotional. Finally, the horizontal belt caster also has a longitudinal direction of the metal strip relocatable single unit with several winding rolls.

Die über ihre Antriebe mit den Abziehrollen synchronisierten Wickelrollen sind derart ober- und unterhalb des Metallbands angeordnet, daß sie das Metallband erfassen, weiterführen und letztlich so biegen, daß es ohne weiteres zum Coil gewickelt wird. Die Einrolleinheit wird also nicht mehr durch das Metallband verlagert. Durch das Vorschieben des Metallbands ausschließlich durch die Abzieheinheit wird die Vorschubkraft des Metallbands in eine Drehbewegung des Coils umgelenkt. Dieses Coil liegt auf Stützrollen in der Einrolleinheit. Beim Vorhub von ca. 15 mm wird die Vorschubkraft in die Drehbewegung des Coils eingeleitet und hebt sich in ihrer linearen Bewegung dadurch auf. Der Rückhub wird wegen der minimalen Strecke von etwa 5 mm in der Schlaufe kompensiert, die sich zwischen dem letzten Wickelrollenpaar und dem Coil ausbildet.The winding rollers synchronized with the pulling rollers via their drives are of this type arranged above and below the metal band so that they grip the metal band, continue and ultimately bend so that it is easily wound into the coil. The roll-in unit is therefore no longer moved by the metal strip. By the Feeding the metal strip exclusively through the pulling unit becomes the feed force of the metal strip is deflected into a rotary movement of the coil. This coil lies on support rollers in the roller unit. The feed force is approx. 15 mm initiated in the rotation of the coil and stands out in its linear Movement on. The return stroke is due to the minimal distance of about 5 mm compensated in the loop, which is between the last pair of winding rolls and trains the coil.

Die Kopplung des Antriebs der Wickelrollen mit dem Antrieb der Abziehrollen unter Einbeziehung der Bandtrennung führt also dazu, daß negative Massenträgheitskräfte vermieden werden, so daß durchaus 40 und mehr Zyklen pro Minute erreichbar sind, ohne daß Antriebe eingesetzt werden müssen, die größer sind als sie tatsächlich erforderlich wären.The coupling of the drive of the winding rolls with the drive of the pulling rolls below Inclusion of the belt separation therefore leads to negative inertial forces be avoided, so that 40 and more cycles per minute can be achieved are without having to use drives that are larger than they actually are would be required.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in den Zeichnungen veranschaulichten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
im Schema eine Horizontal-Bandgießanlage im vertikalen Längsschnitt und
Figur 2:
in vergrößerter Darstellung, ebenfalls im Schema, eine Einrolleinheit der Horizontal-Bandgießanlage im vertikalen Längsschnitt.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment illustrated in the drawings. Show it:
Figure 1:
in the scheme a horizontal strip caster in vertical longitudinal section and
Figure 2:
in an enlarged view, also in the diagram, a single unit of the horizontal strip caster in vertical longitudinal section.

Die in der Figur 1 veranschaulichte Horizontal-Bandgießanlage 1 umfaßt zunächst einen Warmhalteofen 2, an den eine gekühlte Kokille 3 geflanscht ist. The horizontal strip caster 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 initially comprises a holding furnace 2, to which a cooled mold 3 is flanged.

Aus der Kokille 3 tritt ein Metallband 4 aus, beim Ausführungsbeispiel ein aus einer Kupferlegierung bestehendes Metallband rechteckigen flachen Querschnitts. Das Metallband 4 wird dann gemäß dem Pfeil PF über Tragrollen 5 in einer horizontalen Ebene einer örtlich fixierten Abzieheinheit 6 mit mehreren paarweise einander zugeordneten Abziehrollen 7 zugeleitet. Die Abziehrollen 7 sind angetrieben, wobei der nicht näher veranschaulichte Antrieb über eine Steuerleitung 8 mit einer speicher-programmierbaren Steuerung 9 gekoppelt ist.A metal strip 4 emerges from the mold 3, in the exemplary embodiment from a Copper alloy existing metal strip of rectangular flat cross section. The Metal strip 4 is then according to the arrow PF on support rollers 5 in a horizontal Level of a locally fixed pulling unit 6 with several pairs assigned to each other Pull rollers 7 fed. The pull rollers 7 are driven, the Drive not illustrated in detail via a control line 8 with a programmable logic controller Controller 9 is coupled.

Die Abziehrollen 7 werden nach einem bestimmten Zyklus einmal in die eine und einmal in die andere Richtung gedreht, wodurch nach Art eines Pilgerschritts jeweils ein Vorhub und ein Rückhub erzeugt werden. Durch diesen Zyklus erhält das Metallband 4 in der Kokille 3 die gewünschte Qualität.The pull rollers 7 are once in a and after a certain cycle once turned in the other direction, making each like a pilgrimage step a forward stroke and a return stroke are generated. This cycle gives the metal strip 4 in the mold 3 the desired quality.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt jeder Vorhub 15 mm und jeder Rückhub 5 mm. Zwischen den Hüben ist eine Pause von 2 Sekunden vorgesehen. Die Kraft des Bandabzugs beträgt ca. 2,5 t. Die relative Beschleunigung des Metallbands 4 durch die Abziehrollen 7 beläuft sich auf 4,5 cm/s2.In the exemplary embodiment, each forward stroke is 15 mm and each return stroke is 5 mm. There is a pause of 2 seconds between the strokes. The belt take-off force is approx. 2.5 t. The relative acceleration of the metal strip 4 by the pulling rollers 7 amounts to 4.5 cm / s 2 .

In Bewegungsrichtung des Metallbands 4 ist hinter der Abzieheinheit 6 eine Bandtrenneinheit 10 mit einer Schere 13 vorgesehen. Das Gewicht der durch das Metallband 4 im Falle eines Trennvorgangs gemäß dem Doppelpfeil PF1 auf Rollen 11 in einem örtlich fixierten Rollenbett 12 bewegbaren Schere 13 beträgt ca. 2 t.In the direction of movement of the metal strip 4 there is a behind the pulling unit 6 Belt separation unit 10 is provided with scissors 13. The weight of the by that Metal strip 4 in the case of a separation process according to the double arrow PF1 on rollers 11 scissors 13 movable in a locally fixed roller bed 12 is approximately 2 t.

Auch der nicht näher dargestellte Scherenantrieb ist über eine Steuerleitung 14 mit der speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung 9 gekoppelt.The scissor drive (not shown in more detail) is also connected via a control line 14 the programmable logic controller 9 coupled.

Das Metallband 4 wird hinter der Bandtrenneinheit 10 in der Horizontalen weiter geleitet und nach dem Überlaufen einer weiteren Tragrolle 15 einer Einrolleinheit 16 zugeführt, wie sie aus der Figur 2 näher hervorgeht. The metal strip 4 is passed on horizontally behind the strip separation unit 10 and after a further support roller 15 has run over a roller unit 16 supplied, as can be seen in more detail in FIG 2.

Die Einrolleinheit 16 ist gemäß dem Doppelpfeil PF2 mittels Rollen 17 auf einem örtlich fixierten Maschinenbett 18 über eine Strecke X von ca. 50 mm hin und her verfahrbar. In der Einrolleinheit 16 befinden sich mehrere paarweise einander zugeordnete Wickelrollen 19. Die Wickelrollen 19 stehen unter dem Einfluß eines nicht näher veranschaulichten Antriebs, der über eine Steuerleitung 20 ebenfalls mit der speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung 9 gekoppelt ist. Mit Hilfe dieser Steuerung 9 sind die Antriebe der Abzieheinheit 6 und der Einrolleinheit 16 derart synchronisiert, daß die Wickelrollen 19 genau dieselbe Drehzahl aufweisen, wie die Abziehrollen 7.According to the double arrow PF2, the rolling unit 16 is on a roller 17 Locally fixed machine bed 18 back and forth over a distance X of approximately 50 mm movable. In the rolling-in unit 16 there are several pairs assigned to one another Winding rolls 19. The winding rolls 19 are not under the influence of one illustrated drive, which is also via a control line 20 with the programmable logic controller 9 is coupled. With the help of this control 9 the drives of the pulling unit 6 and the rolling unit 16 are synchronized in such a way that the winding rollers 19 have exactly the same speed as the pulling rollers 7th

Beim Vorhub über eine Länge von 15 mm bewegen also auch die Wickelrollen 19 das Metallband 4 in der Einrolleinheit 16 weiter und verformen es gleichzeitig so, daß es nach dem Austritt aus der Einrolleinheit 16 zu einem Coil 21 gewickelt wird, das auf ebenfalls in der Einrolleinheit 16 gelagerten Stützrollen 22 liegt. Die Schlaufe 23 des Metallbands 4 zwischen den austrittsseitigen Wickelrollen 19 und dem Coil 21 dient dazu, den Rückhub von 5 mm zu kompensieren. Dazu reicht die Kompensationsstrecke X von ca. 50 mm aus. Die Lagekorrektur der Einrolleinheit 16 vollzieht sich in einem Zeitraum von ca. 10 Stunden, was eine relative Bewegung von 0,001388 mm/s bedeutet.During the forward stroke over a length of 15 mm, the winding rollers 19 also move the metal strip 4 in the rolling unit 16 and deform it at the same time, that it is wound into a coil 21 after it leaves the rolling-in unit 16, which lies on support rollers 22 which are also mounted in the rolling unit 16. The Loop 23 of the metal strip 4 between the outlet-side winding rollers 19 and the coil 21 serves to compensate for the return stroke of 5 mm. That’s enough Compensation distance X of approx. 50 mm. The position correction of the rolling unit 16 takes place in a period of about 10 hours, which is a relative movement of 0.001388 mm / s means.

Mit den Pfeilen PF3 ist die Wickelrichtung des Metallbands 4 zum Coil 21 bezeichnet. The arrows PF3 denote the winding direction of the metal strip 4 to the coil 21.

BezugszeichenaufstellungList of reference symbols

1 -1 -
Horizontal-BandgießanlageHorizontal belt caster
2 -2 -
WarmhalteofenHolding furnace
3 -3 -
KokilleMold
4 -4 -
MetallbandMetal strap
5 -5 -
TragrollenIdlers
6 -6 -
AbzieheinheitPuller unit
7 -7 -
AbziehrollenPeel rollers
8 -8th -
SteuerleitungControl line
9 -9 -
Steuerungcontrol
10 -10 -
BandtrenneinheitBelt cutting unit
11 -11 -
Rollen v. 12Rolls of 12th
12 -12 -
RollenbettRoller bed
13 -13 -
Scherescissors
14 -14 -
SteuerleitungControl line
15 -15 -
TragrolleIdler
16 -16 -
EinrolleinheitRoll-in unit
17 -17 -
Rollenroll
18 -18 -
MaschinenbettMachine bed
19 -19 -
WickelrollenWinding rolls
20 -20 -
SteuerleitungControl line
21 -21 -
CoilCoil
22 -22 -
StützrollenSupport rollers
23 -23 -
Schlaufeloop
PF -PF -
Pfeilarrow
PF1 -PF1 -
DoppelpfeilDouble arrow
PF2 -PF2 -
DoppelpfeilDouble arrow
PF3 -PF3 -
Pfeilarrow
X -X -
Streckeroute

Claims (4)

Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines zu einem Coil (21) wickelbaren Metallbands (4) in einer Horizontal-Bandgießanlage (1), bei welchem das Metallband (4) mittels einer Abziehrollen (7) aufweisenden Abzieheinheit (6) in einem pilgerschrittartigen Zyklus, bestehend aus einem Vorhub und einem demgegenüber in der Länge kürzeren Rückhub, aus einer einem Ofen (2) zugeordneten Kokille (3) gezogen und über eine Bandtrenneinheit (10) einer in Längsrichtung des Metallbands (4) verlagerbaren Einrolleinheit (16) zugeführt wird, in welcher das Metallband (4) rollengestützt zum Coil (21) gewickelt wird, wobei mindestens eine Wickelrolle (19) der Einrolleinheit (16) und wenigstens eine Abziehrolle (7) der Abzieheinheit (6) im Zyklus des Vorhubs und des Rückhubs des Metallbands (4) synchron angetrieben werden.Method for producing a metal strip that can be wound into a coil (21) (4) in a horizontal strip caster (1), in which the metal strip (4) by means of a pulling unit (6) having pulling rollers (7) in a pilgrim step-like Cycle consisting of a preliminary stroke and a counter stroke shorter return stroke in length, from a mold assigned to a furnace (2) (3) pulled and over a belt cutting unit (10) one in the longitudinal direction of the metal strip (4) displaceable rolling unit (16) is supplied, in which the metal strip (4) is wound onto the coil (21) in a roll-supported manner, whereby at least one winding roll (19) of the rolling unit (16) and at least one Pull roller (7) of the pull unit (6) in the cycle of the forward stroke and the return stroke of the metal strip (4) are driven synchronously. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem die Antriebe jeder angetriebenen Abziehrolle (7) der Abzieheinheit (6) und jeder angetriebenen Wickelrolle (19) der Einrolleinheit (16) über eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung (9) miteinander gekoppelt sind.The method of claim 1, wherein the drives are each driven Pulling roller (7) of the pulling unit (6) and each driven winding roller (19) the roller unit (16) with one another via a programmable logic controller (9) are coupled. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welchem bei Abweichungen vom synchronen Bewegungsablauf die jeweils betroffene Einheit (6, 16) über einen Korrekturfaktor im Zyklus mit einem Positiv- oder Negativinkremental beaufschlagt und dadurch auf einer Mittenposition gehalten oder in einem definierten Zeitraum schrittweise zurückgeführt wird. A method according to claim 1 or 2, in which deviations from the synchronous Sequence of movement the affected unit (6, 16) over a Correction factor in the cycle with a positive or negative incremental and thereby held in a middle position or in a defined Period is gradually reduced. Horizontal-Bandgießanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, welche in Hintereinanderanordnung eine im Abstand zu einer einem Ofen (2) zugeordneten Kokille (3) örtlich fixierte Abzieheinheit (6) mit mehreren Abziehrollen (1), eine in Längsrichtung eines von der Abzieheinheit (6) aus der Kokille (3) gezogenen Metallbands (4) verlagerbare Bandtrenneinheit (10) sowie eine ebenfalls in dieser Längsrichtung verlagerbare Einrolleinheit (16) mit Wickelrollen (19) aufweist, wobei wenigstens eine Abziehrolle (7) und eine Wickelrolle (19) synchron angetrieben sowie die Antriebe der Abzieh- und Wickelrollen (7, 19) bzw. die Bandtrenneinheit (10) über eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung (9) miteinander gekoppelt sind.Horizontal belt caster for performing the method according to one of the Claims 1 to 3, which are arranged one behind the other at a distance a mold (3) which is locally fixed to a furnace (2) and has a pull-off unit (6) with several pulling rollers (1), one in the longitudinal direction of the pulling unit (6) from the mold (3) pulled metal strip (4) relocatable Belt separation unit (10) and also a displaceable in this longitudinal direction Rolling unit (16) with winding rollers (19), at least one Pull roller (7) and a winding roller (19) driven synchronously, as well as the drives the pull-off and winding rollers (7, 19) or the tape cutting unit (10) Coupled together via a programmable logic controller (9) are.
EP99112875A 1998-07-11 1999-07-03 Method and horizontal continuous casting machine for the production of a coilable metal strip Expired - Lifetime EP0972592B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19831111 1998-07-11
DE19831111A DE19831111A1 (en) 1998-07-11 1998-07-11 Process for producing a metal strip that can be wound into a coil and horizontal strip casting installation for carrying out the process

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EP0972592A1 true EP0972592A1 (en) 2000-01-19
EP0972592B1 EP0972592B1 (en) 2003-07-02
EP0972592B2 EP0972592B2 (en) 2006-09-06

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EP (1) EP0972592B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100611081B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1106896C (en)
AT (1) ATE244084T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19831111A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0972592T4 (en)
ES (1) ES2199504T5 (en)
HU (1) HU222465B1 (en)
PL (1) PL190054B1 (en)
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DE102007005435B4 (en) * 2006-02-21 2010-09-23 Sms Meer Gmbh Method and device for producing a metal strip that can be wound into a coil
DE102009045640A1 (en) * 2009-10-13 2011-04-14 Sandvik Materials Technology Deutschland Gmbh rewinder
US9566626B2 (en) * 2013-12-04 2017-02-14 Sms Group Gmbh Apparatus for and method of winding-up a metal strip, and plant for producing a metal strip windable into a coil
WO2016061607A1 (en) * 2014-10-24 2016-04-28 Berndorf Band Gmbh Process optimisation for a strip casting system
CN108787746B (en) * 2017-04-26 2021-03-12 中国宝武钢铁集团有限公司 Production line for producing magnesium alloy products by continuous extrusion and continuous rolling with temperature control

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DE2236388B1 (en) * 1972-07-25 1973-07-05 Technica-Guss Gmbh, 8700 Wuerzburg Bandeinrollmaschme which is arranged after a horizontal continuous caster
DE2702134A1 (en) * 1976-01-23 1977-07-28 Adamec Alfred DEVICE FOR PULLING A CAST RAND IN HEELS FROM THE COLLAR OF A HORIZONTAL CONTINUOUS CASTING PLANT AND ROLLING THE RAND TO A BAND
GB2004783A (en) * 1977-09-23 1979-04-11 Technica Guss Gmbh Continuous casting plant

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DE1783032C3 (en) † 1968-09-21 1974-01-03 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin U. 8000 Muenchen Device for controlling the step-by-step drawing of a strand from a horizontal continuous casting mold
DE2110548C3 (en) † 1971-03-05 1975-03-27 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Device for controlling the step-by-step drawing of a strand from a horizontal continuous casting mold
JPH02211944A (en) * 1989-02-10 1990-08-23 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Roll type continuous casting equipment
JPH04305339A (en) * 1991-03-29 1992-10-28 Ngk Insulators Ltd Method for continuously casting copper alloy

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2236388B1 (en) * 1972-07-25 1973-07-05 Technica-Guss Gmbh, 8700 Wuerzburg Bandeinrollmaschme which is arranged after a horizontal continuous caster
DE2702134A1 (en) * 1976-01-23 1977-07-28 Adamec Alfred DEVICE FOR PULLING A CAST RAND IN HEELS FROM THE COLLAR OF A HORIZONTAL CONTINUOUS CASTING PLANT AND ROLLING THE RAND TO A BAND
GB2004783A (en) * 1977-09-23 1979-04-11 Technica Guss Gmbh Continuous casting plant

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CN1106896C (en) 2003-04-30
HUP9902347A2 (en) 2000-02-28
HU9902347D0 (en) 1999-09-28
DE59906163D1 (en) 2003-08-07
KR20000011607A (en) 2000-02-25
DK0972592T3 (en) 2003-10-27
PT972592E (en) 2003-11-28
TW487609B (en) 2002-05-21
US6305068B1 (en) 2001-10-23
DK0972592T4 (en) 2007-01-15
HUP9902347A3 (en) 2000-05-29
HU222465B1 (en) 2003-07-28
EP0972592B2 (en) 2006-09-06
KR100611081B1 (en) 2006-08-10
ES2199504T5 (en) 2007-05-01
EP0972592B1 (en) 2003-07-02
PL190054B1 (en) 2005-10-31
ES2199504T3 (en) 2004-02-16
CN1241463A (en) 2000-01-19
ATE244084T1 (en) 2003-07-15
DE19831111A1 (en) 2000-01-13

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