Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
  • A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
  • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material

Definitions

• the subject of the present invention is a multifunctional composition of animal litter, and its process for obtaining
• composition based on at least one material (I) or (II) comprises at least one ore and / or organic absorbing agent at least one silica, and at least one organic (co) polymer, the weight ratio of silica to (co) p ⁇ lymère lying in a particular range
• At least one of the materials (I) or (II) may also comprise at least one compound capable of giving the composition at least one additional functionality, such as an oxidizing agent, an antibacterial agent and / or a dye.
• the main properties usually sought in animal bedding are the power to absorb the density of the granules, the mechanical strength after absorption of liquid, the fixing and / or the destruction of bad odors.
• the present invention thus relates to a multifunctional composition of litter for animals having a significantly higher absorbent capacity, good mechanical strength not altered after impregnation of liquid, and excellent resistance to attack.
• compositions are the destruction of bad odors in an effective and lasting manner, and the control of bacterial proliferation after contamination of the composition.
• present invention also relates to simple methods for obtaining said composition.
• a first object of the invention is a composition comprising a material (I), or a material (II ) or their mixtures
• the material (I) includes
• the material (II) comprises
• composition of the invention the presence of the organic s ⁇ l ⁇ ce- (co) polymer couple is essential in order to obtain good mechanical strength, not deteriorated after impregnation of liquid, and excellent resistance to attrition. indeed an essential role of texturing of the mixture ensuring an effective bond between the absorbent agent and the (co) polymer
• the composition according to the invention can be shaped by means not requiring the use of high pressures if an extrusion is planned, due to the very good cohesion of the material forming each of the particles
• At least one of the materials (I) or (II) may further comprise at least one compound capable of imparting to the composition, at least one additional functionality to the composition, such as absorption, proliferation of micro- organisms, odor control or treatment, and the visual aspect.
• composition according to the invention is characterized in that the mineral and / or organic absorbent agents (A1) and / or (A2), similar or different, are preferably a mineral agent comprising at least one clay
• the clay can be chosen from palygorskites such as attapulgite, montmo ⁇ llonites such as bentonite and smectite, sepio te, their mixture or mixtures containing them
• Silicas (S1) and / or (S2) which are similar or different are generally chosen from pyrogenic and / or precipitation silicas, preferably precipitation silicas.
• precipitation silica is meant HERE a silica obtained by precipitation from the reaction of an alkali silicate with an acid, generally inorganic at an adequate pH of the precipitation medium, in particular a basic pH, neutral or slightly acid, the mode of preparation of the silica can be HERE arbitrary (addition of acid on a silicate base stock, simultaneous total or partial addition of acid and silicate on a base stock of water or silicate solution, etc. ) and is chosen according to the type of silica that one wishes to obtain After filtrating by any suitable method, a silica cake is recovered which is washed with water and then dried by any means known per se Preferably the drying is done by atomization After drying, a grinding step can be carried out with the recovered product.
• the precipitated silicas used in the present invention preferably have a BET specific surface of at least 40 rri2 / g in particular between 50 m2 / g and 400 m2 / g, for example between 60 m2 / g and 350 m2 / g
• this BET specific surface is between 120 rr) 2 / g and 300 r ⁇ i2 / g
• the precipitated silicas according to the invention have a DOP oil intake generally between 100 ml / 100 g and 400 ml / 100 g more particularly between 110 ml / 100 g and 380 ml / 100 g, for example between 300 ml / 100 g and 370 ml / 100 g
• the oil uptake is determined according to standard NFT 30-022 (March 1953) using dioctylphthalate
• the pH of the precipitation silicas according to the invention is generally at least 4, and for example between 5 and 8, in particular between 6.5 and 7 5
• silica is partially replaced by talc or a talcoide, and / or chalk
• the organic (co) polymers essentially play the role of binder, ensuring the cohesion of the composition. They give the litter composition, in combination with the silicas as described above, an excellent compromise between their different mechanical properties, and in particular a significant improvement in their texture and very good mechanical strength after absorption which are not obtained in the absence of one of its elements
• These (co) polymers can, moreover, be good water retenters In this case the absorbency of the composition is, in general, appreciably increased
• the organic (co) polymers (P1) and / or (P2) which are similar or different, are generally chosen from a polyol, preferably polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl alcohol, an optionally modified polyamide, in particular polyacrylamide, their mixture or the mixtures containing them
• the composition according to the invention comprises at least one material (I) comprising between 50% and 90% by weight of ore absorbing agent (A1) preferably around 75% by weight,
• silica (S1) preferably around 20% by weight
• organic (co) polymer (P1) preferably around 5% by weight
• a preferred embodiment of the invention is constituted by a composition comprising at least one material (I) having at least 50% by weight of bentonite, relative to the total weight of the composition Consequently the absorbent agent (A1) is consisting mainly, or even completely of bento ⁇ ite Preferably, it is calcium bentonite
• bentonite and more particularly calcium bentonite, lies in its naturally white color, a color which in the mind of the consumer is associated with the notion of purity and cleanliness.
• the weight ratio (S1) / (P1) is more particularly greater than or equal to 3. Even more particularly, said weight ratio is between 3 and 5 limits inclusive.
• the composition according to the invention comprises at least one material (II) comprising
• silica (S2) between 0.5 and 15%, more particularly between 2 and 6%, by weight of silica (S2), and preferably 2.5% by weight,
• a preferred embodiment of the invention consists of a composition comprising a material (II) having at least 80% by weight of attapulgite, relative to the total weight of the composition
• the absorbent agent (A2 ) consists mainly, if not entirely, of attapulgite
• the weight ratio (S2) / (P2) is more particularly between 1 and 3, limits included
• a third variant of the present invention consists of a mixture of the two materials (I) and (II) above mentioned as they have just been described.
• composition according to the invention and more particularly one and / or the other of the materials (I) and (II), can also comprise at least one compound giving it at least one additional functionality
• composition according to the invention can therefore comprise at least an oxidizing agent Any oxidizing agent capable of releasing oxygen and / or oxygenated molecules are suitable in the context of the invention
• the oxidizing agent can be chosen from persulfates, hypochlontes, percarbonates, and perborates, of alkali metals such as sodium or potassium, or of alkaline earth metals such as calcium or magnesium.
• alkali metals such as sodium or potassium
• alkaline earth metals such as calcium or magnesium.
• the most commonly used oxidants such as Na2S2 ⁇ s, NaB03 4H2O, NaCIO, Ca (CIO) 2, 2Na2C ⁇ 3, H2 ⁇ 2
• composition is also characterized in that at least one of the materials (I) and / or (II) comprises between 0% to 15% by weight of oxidant, preferably approximately 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the material comprising it
• composition according to the invention can also comprise an antibacterial agent capable of controlling the proliferation of microorganisms.
• antibacterial agents mention may be made of: optionally substituted halodiphenyl ethers such as for example 5-chloro-2- (2 4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol, optionally substituted N-halophenyl benzamides such as for example 3,5-d ⁇ chloro-N- (3,4-d ⁇ chlorophenyl) -2 - hydroxybenzamide, and optionally substituted halogenated aromatic derivatives of urea such as, for example, N- (4-chlorophenyl) -N '- [4-chloro-3- (tr ⁇ fluoromethyl) phenyl] urea
• the preferred antibacterial agent is 5 -chloro-2- (2 4- dichlorophenoxy) phenol
• the composition according to the invention can likewise comprise a dye.
• This dye can be found in each grain of the composition or else only in a part of them. According to this possibility, the dye is introduced into 1/5 of all the grains of the composition, so as to obtain a satisfactory visual effect It should be noted that all combinations are possible However, if the composition is based on a mixture the colored grains are preferably obtained from a material whose color is not white
• the dye used also has an antibacterial action.
• the dyes falling into this category there may be mentioned in particular malachite green
• composition according to the invention is advantageously in the form of rounded granules, with a diameter between 0.5 mm and 6.3 mm.
• the rounded granules have a diameter between 2 and 4 mm.
• the process for shaping the composition is generally characterized in that the granulation of the materials (I) and / or (II), independently of one another, is carried out by wet, semi-wet, or dry route These three types of process can be carried out continuously or batchwise. They are essentially distinguished by their wetting ratio (Rm).
• wetting ratio (Rm) is meant the amount of water used relative to the amount of solid. to be granulated Rm is equal to 1 when 1 kg of water is used to granulate 1 kg of solid
• wetting ratio (Rm) necessary for granulation is 0.8 ⁇ Rm ⁇ 1, 2
• the different stages of this type of process consist in a) bringing the absorbent agent, the silica into contact with the (co) polymer, the latter being able to be in solid form or in the form of a solution, b) homogenizing this mixture, c ) introduce the water by spraying, d) granulate, and e) dry the rounded granules whose diameter is between 2 mm and 6.3 mm
• the amount of solution of (co) polymer used remains such that the resulting mixture, comprising the absorbent agent, the silica and the (co) polymer, does not granulate but remains in pulverulent form This quantity depends inter alia on the nature of the agent absorbent
• the amount of water is such that the humidity of the mixture is between 25 and 40%
• the granulation operation can take place in any type of suitable apparatus, such as rotary drums and turntables.
• the amount of water added is such that the humidity of the mixture is around 50% by weight.
• the drying is carried out. at temperatures varying in a wide range according to the nature of the clay In general, when the clay is bentonite the drying temperature cannot go beyond 75 ° C. With attapulgite the temperature can go up to '' at 120 ° C
• the drying of the granulated material is generally carried out in air so as to reach, more particularly a residual humidity rate of less than or equal to 10%
• This step can take place, for example, in an oven, a tunnel oven, a rotary drum, in fluidized t
• the granules have a diameter much greater than the specification. It will then be advisable to f) pass them through a grid known as a "gra ⁇ ulator", the perforations of which are calibrated for recover the granules in the desired tightened granuiomét ⁇ que cut, and g) sift in order to best select the granulomét ⁇ e granules desired. It is possible that the granules have a suitable diameter but an undesirable shape.
• the granules are introduced into a granulation apparatus (rotary plate rotating drum) having the role of rounding the granules
• a granulation apparatus rotary plate rotating drum
• the granules whose diameter is between 2 mm and 6.3 mm (preferably 2 to 4 mm) are dried, and if necessary, possibly sieved
• the granulation can take place directly in the granulation apparatus (turntable, rotary drum)
• the different stages then consist in a) bringing the absorbent agent, the silica, into contact with the
• This variant is particularly suitable when the (co) polymer is brought into contact in the form of a solution. It should be noted that in the case where the (co) polymer is used in powdery solid form the residence time in l granulator is longer, so as to achieve a good homogenization of the mixture
• stages of this second variant of the wet process consist in e) drying said granules, and f) sieving in order to best select the granules of desired particle size.
• the different stages of this type of process consist in a) bringing the absorbent agent into contact, the silica and the (co) polymer, the latter being able to be in the form of a powder or a solution b) homogenizing this mixture , c) introducing the water by spraying, d) introducing the mixture thus prehumidified into a press more particularly of the perforated roller press type, that is to say one of the rollers of which is perforated and the other not, the rollers rotating in opposite directions with respect to each other, e) cut the extrudates formed in step (d) to the desired length, using a knife fixed inside the perforated roller, and f) dry.
• a sieving step can possibly be envisaged after drying if we want to further refine the gra ⁇ ulomét ⁇ e
• the different steps according to this type of process consist of a) bringing the absorbent agent, the silica into contact with the (co) polymer, the latter possibly being in solid form or in the form of a solution b) homogenizing this mixture, c) introducing a quantity of water by spraying so a that the mixture obtained at the end of step (b) retains its powdery appearance (0.05 ⁇ Rm ⁇ 0.2), d) introducing the mixture (c) between the rollers of a compactor (for example of the Komarek or Alexanderwerk type) at a pressure of the order of 200 105 p a , and preferably between 150 105 Pa and 180 105 Pa, the rollers turning in opposite directions with respect to each other
• Step a) may in particular have had for example in a mixer-granulator, more particularly of the Lodige or Drais type
• the total amount of water introduced is such that it satisfies the condition relating to the specific wetting ratio of the dry process
• Wafers of different lengths are obtained, the shape of which depends on the corrugations existing on the rollers, for example wafer frets
• the following steps consist in e) drying the wafers formed in (d), f) grinding by means of a grid said granulator, the perforations of which are calibrated to recover the tight particle size section and g) sieving, in order to select granules of desired particle size.
• composition according to the invention comprises a mixture of materials (I) and (II), then the granulation of each of the materials is carried out independently of one another
• the granulation of the materials (I) and (II) according to the methods described can be optionally facilitated by the use of water added with alkali metal silicate
• the absorbent agent used preferably has a particle size of between 10 and 200 ⁇ m.
• the absorbent agent can be if necessary, previously ground in any type of suitable device, such as pin mills. , with balls, with hammers so as to reach the gra ⁇ ulomét ⁇ e indicated above
• suitable device such as pin mills.
• balls with hammers so as to reach the gra ⁇ ulomét ⁇ e indicated above
• two types of process can be implemented
• the introduction of the dye preferably, after the drying and / or optionally sieving step, in any of the processes
• the peeling operation can be carried out by spraying an aqueous solution the concentration of which is from 0 01 to 0.1% by weight of dye, in sufficient quantity so as to obtain 0.005-0.05% by weight of dye. in the colored composition This range is given by way of illustration, the final dye content depending on the coloring capacity of the product and on the desired coloring intensity
• the introduction of the dye has simultaneously with the granulation. More particularly, said dye is introduced with the granulation water. Preferably, the granulation is carried out with an aqueous solution of dye.
• the coloring operation takes place with amounts of dye such that, by way of illustration, the order of 0.005 to 0.05% by weight of dye in the colored composition is obtained.
• An optional sieving can be carried out to recover the granules of the desired particle size
• the water can be replaced by sihcatee water.
• the dry silicate content expressed relative to the finished granule, will then be between 0.5% and 5% by weight.
• the granules which are rounded in shape with a diameter of between 2 mm and 6.3 mm are recovered, then dried at a temperature of the order of 120 ° C.
• granules can be transferred to a turntable to be dandruff by a colored solution, possibly with antibacterial properties.
• This dye which may be malachite green, is dissolved at 0.1% w / v. II is sprayed at a rate of 0 , 5 liters of solution for 1 kg of granules It is imperative to carry out a new drying of granules after coloring
• the granules can be colored as described in Example 2.

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• 1996
  • 1996-12-23 FR FR9615885A patent/FR2757348B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-12-23 AU AU56698/98A patent/AU5669898A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-12-23 EP EP97953006A patent/EP0967857A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-12-23 WO PCT/FR1997/002413 patent/WO1998027809A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation

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