EP0961034B1 - Radial compressor - Google Patents

Radial compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0961034B1
EP0961034B1 EP98810487A EP98810487A EP0961034B1 EP 0961034 B1 EP0961034 B1 EP 0961034B1 EP 98810487 A EP98810487 A EP 98810487A EP 98810487 A EP98810487 A EP 98810487A EP 0961034 B1 EP0961034 B1 EP 0961034B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
gap
region
separating gap
radially extending
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98810487A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0961034A1 (en
Inventor
Dirk Dr. Wunderwald
Joachim Bremer
Christian Dr. Müller
Mihajlo Dr. Bothien
Jürg Greber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Accelleron Industries AG
Original Assignee
ABB Turbo Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Turbo Systems AG filed Critical ABB Turbo Systems AG
Priority to EP98810487A priority Critical patent/EP0961034B1/en
Priority to DE59809488T priority patent/DE59809488D1/en
Priority to TW088108094A priority patent/TW562900B/en
Priority to CZ19991778A priority patent/CZ291692B6/en
Priority to KR10-1999-0018502A priority patent/KR100537036B1/en
Priority to US09/316,964 priority patent/US6238179B1/en
Priority to JP14544299A priority patent/JP4503726B2/en
Priority to CN99212341U priority patent/CN2381815Y/en
Priority to CN99107042A priority patent/CN1102706C/en
Publication of EP0961034A1 publication Critical patent/EP0961034A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0961034B1 publication Critical patent/EP0961034B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08Centrifugal pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08Sealings
    • F04D29/16Sealings between pressure and suction sides
    • F04D29/161Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/162Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps of a centrifugal flow wheel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/5846Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling by injection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radial compressor according to the preamble of the claim 1.
  • turbomachinery Seals especially labyrinth seals, are widely used.
  • fluid flow Separation gap between rotating and standing parts occurs as a result of forming flow boundary layers on a high friction. Thereby there is a heating of the fluid in the separation gap and thus also a heating the components surrounding the separation gap.
  • the high material temperatures have a reduction in the lifespan of the corresponding components Episode.
  • the gas divides and flows mainly radially inwards and outwards, through the individual sealing elements of the labyrinth seal. Especially the radial one partial flow directed towards the outside should also flow through the separation gap Prevent hot compressor air from escaping the compressor wheel.
  • the invention tries to avoid all these disadvantages. You have the task based on a radial compressor with a simplified, but in effect to provide improved cooling device.
  • this is achieved in that with a device according to the preamble of claim 1, the feed device for the gaseous Cooling medium upstream of the predominantly radially extending gap area of the separation gap opens into the latter.
  • This solution can be used for an additional annular space or additional feed spaces in the predominantly radially extending gap area of the separating gap to be dispensed with.
  • the cooling medium used can be mainly in the otherwise radially extending gap area of the separating gap penetrating hot Replace leakage air. This will attach to the back wall of the compressor wheel from the beginning, the flow boundary layer, above all through the supplied cooling medium formed. In particular, therefore, this can be particularly endangered area of the radial compressor an improved cooling effect be guaranteed.
  • the supply channel has several openings interrupted by recesses Guide webs, with the recesses simultaneously the feed channels for form the cooling medium.
  • the exhaust gas turbocharger shown only partially in FIG. 1 consists of a radial compressor 1 and an exhaust gas turbine, not shown, which in a Bearing housing 2 supported shaft 3 are interconnected.
  • the radial compressor 1 has a machine axis 4 lying in the shaft 3. He is with equipped with a compressor housing 5 in which a compressor wheel 6 rotates with the shaft 3 is connected.
  • the compressor wheel 6 has one with a variety of Blades 7 occupied hub 8. Between the hub 8 and the compressor housing 5, a flow channel 9 is formed. Downstream of the blades 7 connects to the flow channel 9 a radially arranged, bladed diffuser 10 on, which in turn opens into a spiral 11 of the radial compressor 1.
  • the Compressor housing 5 mainly consists of an air inlet housing 12, one Air outlet housing 13, a diffuser plate 14 and an intermediate wall 15 to the bearing housing 2.
  • the hub 8 has a rear wall 16 on the turbine side and a fastening sleeve 17 for the shaft 3, the latter and the fastening sleeve 17 together are connected.
  • the fastening sleeve 17 is of the intermediate wall 15 of the Compressor housing 5 added.
  • another suitable one Compressor wheel-shaft connection can be selected.
  • the use of a unspeaked diffuser possible.
  • a first gap area 19 runs parallel to the machine axis 4 and is with both the outlet of the compressor wheel 6 and one predominantly radial in the area of the rear wall 16 of the compressor wheel 6 extending, second gap region 20 connected.
  • the latter goes in between the fastening sleeve 17 and the intermediate wall 15 formed and third gap region 21 likewise running parallel to the machine axis 4 about.
  • Part of the predominantly radially extending second gap area 20 are an entry area adjoining the first gap area 19 22, a non-contact seal 23 designed as a labyrinth seal and an intermediate space 24 connected to the third gap region 21 in turn communicates with a drain line, not shown.
  • the diffuser plate 14 is provided with a Opening 28 is provided for receiving the feed line 26 and points radially at it inner end on a slot formed as a supply channel 25.
  • the supply channel 25 is with the entry area 22 of the second gap area 20 of the separation gap 18 arranged radially aligned.
  • the compressor wheel 6 When the exhaust gas turbocharger is operating, the compressor wheel 6 sucks as the working medium 29 ambient air, which via the flow channel 9 and the diffuser 10 in the spiral 11 arrives, compresses there and finally does not charge it shown, used with the exhaust gas turbocharger internal combustion engine becomes. Actuated on its way from the flow channel 9 to the diffuser 10 the ambient air 29 heated in the radial compressor 1 as a leakage flow 30 also the first gap region 19 and thus the separating gap 18. At the same time however, a gaseous cooling medium 31 into the second via the feed device 27 Gap area 20 of the separation gap 18 introduced. For example, this can be air from the outlet of the charge air cooler of the internal combustion engine, not shown. Of course, both the use of other cooling media as well as an external supply of the cooling medium possible.
  • the cooling medium 31 replaces the hot leakage flow 30, so that the the rear wall 16 of the compressor wheel 6 already forming boundary layer At the beginning, it is primarily formed by the supplied cooling medium 31. Since that Cooling medium 31 only flows radially inwards, it is possible on the one hand to achieve a significantly improved cooling effect and on the other hand also Reduce friction losses. Finally, the cooling medium 31 becomes common with the leakage flow 30 of the working medium 29, across the gap 24 and via an attack in the intermediate wall 15 of the compressor housing 5, Discharge device 32, not shown, passed from the separation gap 18.
  • the diffuser plate 14 is in the region of the supply duct 25 with an intermediate ring receiving the feed line 26 33 provided (Fig. 2).
  • the intermediate ring 33 has several distributed over the circumference Guide webs 34, which of recesses formed as feed channels 35 be interrupted (Fig. 3).
  • the guide webs 34 are designed so that the feed channels 35 have an orientation in the direction of rotation of the compressor wheel 6 experienced. This leads to a so-called swirl injection of the cooling medium 31, which is the friction and thus the heating of the compressor wheel 6 significantly reduced.
  • this function can also be implemented be by the diffuser plate 14 in the region of the supply channel 25 accordingly is profiled (not shown).
  • a sealing element 36 is arranged in the separating gap 18 (FIG. 4). With the help of this sealing element 36, it is possible to control the pressure of the remaining Leakage flow 30 to reduce so far that the pressure of the inflowing Cooling medium 31 advantageously even under that at the outlet of the compressor wheel 6 prevailing pressure of the working medium 29 may lie. That way even with relatively small amounts of the cooling medium 31 effective cooling of the Compressor wheel 6 can be guaranteed.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Radialverdichter gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a radial compressor according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Zur Abdichtung rotierender Systeme sind im Turbomaschinenbau berührungsfreie Dichtungen, insbesondere Labyrinthdichtungen weit verbreitet. Im fluiddurchströmten Trennspalt zwischen rotierenden und stehenden Teilen tritt infolge der sich ausbildenden Strömungsgrenzschichten eine hohe Reibleistung auf. Dadurch kommt es zu einer Erwärmung des Fluids im Trennspalt und damit auch zur Erwärmung der den Trennspalt umgebenden Bauteile. Die hohen Materialtemperaturen haben eine Reduktion der Lebensdauer der entsprechenden Bauteile zur Folge.To seal rotating systems, non-contact is used in turbomachinery Seals, especially labyrinth seals, are widely used. In fluid flow Separation gap between rotating and standing parts occurs as a result of forming flow boundary layers on a high friction. Thereby there is a heating of the fluid in the separation gap and thus also a heating the components surrounding the separation gap. The high material temperatures have a reduction in the lifespan of the corresponding components Episode.

Aus der EP 0 518 027 B1 ist ein Radialverdichter mit einer auf der Rückwand des Verdichterrades, im Trennspalt zwischen dem Verdichtergehäuse und dem Verdichterrad, angeordneten Labyrinthdichtung bekannt. Aufgrund des hohen Drukkes am Austritt des Verdichterrades kann in den Ringraum zwischen der rotierenden und der stehenden Wand des Verdichtergehäuses Leckageluft eindringen. Um sowohl dies als auch die damit verbundene Erwärmung der den Trennspalt umgebenden Bauteile zu vermeiden, wird in den Trennspalt ein unter einem höheren Druck als am Austritt des Verdichterrades stehendes kaltes Gas eingeführt. Dazu ist in der Labyrinthdichtung ein zusätzlicher Ringraum angeordnet und mit einer externen Gaszuführung verbunden. Das kalte Gas strömt durch die Wand des Verdichtergehäuses in die Labyrinthdichtung ein, prallt zunächst auf die Rückwand des Verdichterrades und kühlt diese. Beim Aufprall auf die Rückwand wird das Gas geteilt und strömt hauptsächlich radial nach innen und nach aussen, durch die einzelnen Dichtelemente der Labyrinthdichtung. Vor allem die nach radial aussen gerichtete Teilströmung soll das Durchströmen des Trennspaltes mit heisser Verdichterluft vom Austritt des Verdichterrades verhindern.From EP 0 518 027 B1 is a radial compressor with one on the rear wall of the Compressor wheel, in the separation gap between the compressor housing and the compressor wheel, arranged labyrinth seal known. Because of the high pressure at the outlet of the compressor wheel can rotate between the rotating space and leaking air penetrate the standing wall of the compressor housing. To both this and the associated heating of the separation gap To avoid surrounding components, one is placed under a higher one in the separation gap Pressure introduced as cold gas at the outlet of the compressor wheel. For this purpose, an additional annular space is arranged in the labyrinth seal and with connected to an external gas supply. The cold gas flows through the wall of the compressor housing into the labyrinth seal, initially hits the rear wall of the compressor wheel and cools it. In the event of an impact on the rear wall the gas divides and flows mainly radially inwards and outwards, through the individual sealing elements of the labyrinth seal. Especially the radial one partial flow directed towards the outside should also flow through the separation gap Prevent hot compressor air from escaping the compressor wheel.

Trotz spezieller, den Radialverdichter verteuernder Zusatzbauteile kann die Kühlwirkung einer solchen Lösung nicht als optimal bezeichnet werden. Vielmehr kommt es bei der Zuführung des kalten Gases zunächst zu einer Durchmischung der radial nach aussen gerichteten Teilströmung mit der sich an der Rückwand des Verdichterrades ausbildenden Grenzschicht. Zudem muss diese Teilströmung gegen zumindest ein Dichtelement der berührungsfreien Dichtung arbeiten, was neben der schlechteren Kühlwirkung auch eine höhere Reibung an der Rückwand und somit höhere mechanische Verluste zur Folge hat.In spite of special additional components that make the radial compressor more expensive, the cooling effect can such a solution cannot be called optimal. Much more Mixing occurs when the cold gas is supplied the radially outward partial flow with that on the rear wall boundary layer forming the compressor wheel. In addition, this partial flow work against at least one sealing element of the non-contact seal, what in addition to the poor cooling effect, there is also greater friction on the rear wall and thus results in higher mechanical losses.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Erfindung versucht alle diese Nachteile zu vermeiden. Ihr liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Radialverdichter mit einer vereinfachten, jedoch in ihrer Wirkung verbesserten Kühlvorrichtung zu schaffen.The invention tries to avoid all these disadvantages. You have the task based on a radial compressor with a simplified, but in effect to provide improved cooling device.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass bei einer Vorrichtung gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, die Zuführeinrichtung für das gasförmige Kühlmedium stromauf des sich vorwiegend radial erstreckenden Spaltbereiches des Trennspaltes in den letzteren mündet.According to the invention, this is achieved in that with a device according to the preamble of claim 1, the feed device for the gaseous Cooling medium upstream of the predominantly radially extending gap area of the separation gap opens into the latter.

Bei dieser Lösung kann auf einen zusätzlichen Ringraum oder zusätzliche Einspeiseräume im sich vorwiegend radial erstreckenden Spaltbereich des Trennspaltes verzichtet werden. Dies vereinfacht den Aufbau des Radialverdichters deutlich. Zudem kann das verwendete Kühlmedium die ansonsten in den sich vorwiegend radial erstreckenden Spaltbereich des Trennspaltes eindringende heisse Leckageluft ersetzen. Dadurch wird die sich an der Rückwand des Verdichterrades ausbildende Strömungsgrenzschicht von Anfang an vor allem durch das zugeführte Kühlmedium gebildet. Insbesondere deshalb kann in diesem besonders gefährdeten Bereich des Radialverdichters eine verbesserte Kühlwirkung gewährleistet werden.This solution can be used for an additional annular space or additional feed spaces in the predominantly radially extending gap area of the separating gap to be dispensed with. This simplifies the construction of the radial compressor clear. In addition, the cooling medium used can be mainly in the otherwise radially extending gap area of the separating gap penetrating hot Replace leakage air. This will attach to the back wall of the compressor wheel from the beginning, the flow boundary layer, above all through the supplied cooling medium formed. In particular, therefore, this can be particularly endangered area of the radial compressor an improved cooling effect be guaranteed.

Es ist besonders zweckmässig, wenn der Versorgungskanal der Zuführeinrichtung und der Eintrittsbereich des sich vorwiegend radial erstreckenden Spaltbereiches des Trennspaltes radial fluchtend angeordnet sind. Auf diese Weise können sowohl Druckverluste des einströmenden Kühlmediums als auch dessen Erwärmung infolge der Dissipation vermieden werden. Dies führt wiederum zu einer verbesserten Kühlwirkung. Zudem sperrt das Kühlmedium das Eindringen der heissen Leckageluft in den sich vorwiegend radial erstreckenden Spaltbereich teilweise oder sogar vollständig ab.It is particularly useful if the supply channel of the feed device and the entry area of the predominantly radially extending gap area of the separation gap are radially aligned. This way both Pressure loss of the incoming cooling medium as well as its heating avoided as a result of the dissipation. This in turn leads to an improved one Cooling effect. In addition, the cooling medium blocks the penetration of the hot ones Leakage air partially in the mainly radially extending gap area or even completely.

Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, wenn im Versorgungskanal mehrere in Drehrichtung des Verdichterrades ausgerichtete Zuführkanäle für das Kühlmedium angeordnet sind. Dazu weist der Versorgungskanal mehrere von Ausnehmungen unterbrochene Führungsstege auf, wobei die Ausnehmungen gleichzeitig die Zuführkanäle für das Kühlmedium bilden. Damit kann, bei Verwendung relativ einfacher Bauteile, eine Einblasung des Kühlmediums in Drehrichtung des Verdichterrades erfolgen, was die Reibleistung und daher die Erwärmung des Verdichterrades weiter verringert.It is also advantageous if several in the direction of rotation of the supply channel Compressor wheel aligned feed channels for the cooling medium are arranged. For this purpose, the supply channel has several openings interrupted by recesses Guide webs, with the recesses simultaneously the feed channels for form the cooling medium. Thus, when using relatively simple components, the cooling medium is blown in in the direction of rotation of the compressor wheel, which further reduces the friction and therefore the heating of the compressor wheel.

Schliesslich wird mit Vorteil stromauf des Eintrittsbereiches des sich vorwiegend radial erstreckenden Spaltbereiches ein Dichtelement im Trennspalt angeordnet. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Druck in der vom Verdichterrad zuströmenden Leckageströmung soweit herabzusetzen, dass das Kühlmedium auch mit einem kleineren als dem am Verdichterradaustritt herrschenden Druck zugeführt werden kann.Finally, upstream of the entrance area of the a sealing element is arranged in the separating gap in the radially extending gap region. This makes it possible to measure the pressure in the leakage flow flowing from the compressor wheel to the extent that the cooling medium with a smaller one can be supplied as the pressure prevailing at the compressor wheel outlet.

Besonders vorteilhaft erweist sich eine Kombination der bereits oben genannten Massnahmen mit einer stromab des Eintrittsbereiches im sich vorwiegend radial erstreckenden Spaltbereich des Trennspaltes angeordneten, berührungsfreien Dichtung. Dabei gelangt das von radial aussen zuströmende Kühlmedium in die einzelnen Dichtelemente der Dichtung und bewirkt dort eine Filmkühlung der Rückwand des Verdichterrades. Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik strömt das Kühlmedium nicht radial nach aussen sondern nach innen, so dass es nicht zu einer Durchmischung der sich an der Rückwand des Verdichterrades ausbildenden Strömungsgrenzschicht und ebenfalls nicht zu einer Erhöhung der Reibung an der Rückwand kommt. Infolgedessen kann die Kühleffektivität gesteigert und die Standzeit des Verdichterrades weiter verbessert werden.A combination of those already mentioned has proven to be particularly advantageous Measures with a downstream of the entry area are mainly radial extending gap area of the separation gap arranged, non-contact Poetry. The cooling medium flowing in from the outside radiates into the individual sealing elements of the seal and there causes film cooling of the Rear wall of the compressor wheel. In contrast to the prior art, this flows Coolant not radially outwards but inwards so that it does not close a mixture of those that form on the rear wall of the compressor wheel Flow boundary layer and also not to increase the friction comes on the back wall. As a result, the cooling effectiveness can be increased and the service life of the compressor wheel can be further improved.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

In der Zeichnung sind mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand des Radialverdichters eines Abgasturboladers dargestellt.In the drawing, several embodiments of the invention are based on the Radial compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger shown.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Teillängsschnitt durch den Radialverdichter, mit der erfindungsgemässen Zuführeinrichtung;
Fig. 2
einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1, im Bereich der Diffusorplatte, gemäss einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
Fig. 3
einen Teilquerschnitt durch den Zuführkanal der Zuführeinrichtung, entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
einen vergrösserten Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1, im Eintrittsbereich des sich vorwiegend radial erstreckenden Spaltbereiches des Trennspaltes, jedoch in einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a partial longitudinal section through the radial compressor, with the feed device according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a section of Figure 1, in the region of the diffuser plate, according to a second embodiment.
Fig. 3
a partial cross section through the feed channel of the feed device, along the line III-III in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
an enlarged section of FIG. 1, in the entry area of the predominantly radially extending gap area of the separation gap, but in a third embodiment.

Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Nicht dargestellt sind beispielsweise die Lagerpartie und die Turbinenseite des Abgasturboladers. Die Strömungsrichtung der Arbeitsmittel ist mit Pfeilen bezeichnet. Only the elements essential for understanding the invention are shown. The bearing section and the turbine side of the are not shown, for example Exhaust gas turbocharger. The direction of flow of the work equipment is indicated by arrows.

Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention

Der in Figur 1 nur teilweise gezeigte Abgasturbolader besteht aus einem Radialverdichter 1 und einer nicht dargestellten Abgasturbine, welche über eine in einem Lagergehäuse 2 abgestützte Welle 3 miteinander verbunden sind. Der Radialverdichter 1 weist eine in der Welle 3 liegende Maschinenachse 4 auf. Er ist mit einem Verdichtergehäuse 5 ausgestattet, in dem ein Verdichterrad 6 drehbar mit der Welle 3 verbunden ist. Das Verdichterrad 6 besitzt eine mit einer Vielzahl von Laufschaufeln 7 besetzte Nabe 8. Zwischen der Nabe 8 und dem Verdichtergehäuse 5 ist ein Strömungskanal 9 ausgebildet. Stromab der Laufschaufeln 7 schliesst an den Strömungskanal 9 ein radial angeordneter, beschaufelter Diffusor 10 an, welcher seinerseits in eine Spirale 11 des Radialverdichters 1 mündet. Das Verdichtergehäuse 5 besteht hauptsächlich aus einem Lufteintrittgehäuse 12, einem Luftaustrittgehäuse 13, einer Diffusorplatte 14 und einer Zwischenwand 15 zum Lagergehäuse 2.The exhaust gas turbocharger shown only partially in FIG. 1 consists of a radial compressor 1 and an exhaust gas turbine, not shown, which in a Bearing housing 2 supported shaft 3 are interconnected. The radial compressor 1 has a machine axis 4 lying in the shaft 3. He is with equipped with a compressor housing 5 in which a compressor wheel 6 rotates with the shaft 3 is connected. The compressor wheel 6 has one with a variety of Blades 7 occupied hub 8. Between the hub 8 and the compressor housing 5, a flow channel 9 is formed. Downstream of the blades 7 connects to the flow channel 9 a radially arranged, bladed diffuser 10 on, which in turn opens into a spiral 11 of the radial compressor 1. The Compressor housing 5 mainly consists of an air inlet housing 12, one Air outlet housing 13, a diffuser plate 14 and an intermediate wall 15 to the bearing housing 2.

Die Nabe 8 weist turbinenseitig eine Rückwand 16 sowie eine Befestigungsmuffe 17 für die Welle 3 auf, wobei letztere und die Befestigungsmuffe 17 miteinander verbunden sind. Die Befestigungsmuffe 17 wird von der Zwischenwand 15 des Verdichtergehäuses 5 aufgenommen. Natürlich kann auch eine andere geeignete Verdichterrad-Wellen-Verbindung gewählt werden. Ebenso ist auch der Einsatz eines unbeschaufelten Diffusors möglich.The hub 8 has a rear wall 16 on the turbine side and a fastening sleeve 17 for the shaft 3, the latter and the fastening sleeve 17 together are connected. The fastening sleeve 17 is of the intermediate wall 15 of the Compressor housing 5 added. Of course, another suitable one Compressor wheel-shaft connection can be selected. Likewise, the use of a unspeaked diffuser possible.

Zwischen dem rotierenden Verdichterrad 6 und der feststehenden Zwischenwand 15 des Verdichtergehäuses 5 ist ein aus verschiedenen Spaltbereichen bestehender Trennspalt 18 ausgebildet. Ein erster Spaltbereich 19 verläuft parallel zur Maschinenachse 4 und ist sowohl mit dem Austritt des Verdichterrades 6 als auch mit einem sich im Bereich der Rückwand 16 des Verdichterrades 6 vorwiegend radial erstreckenden, zweiten Spaltbereich 20 verbunden. Letzterer geht in einen zwischen der Befestigungsmuffe 17 und der Zwischenwand 15 ausgebildeten und ebenfalls parallel zur Maschinenachse 4 verlaufenden, dritten Spaltbereich 21 über. Bestandteil des sich vorwiegend radial erstreckenden, zweiten Spaltbereiches 20 sind ein sich an den ersten Spaltbereich 19 anschliessender Eintrittsbereich 22, eine als Labyrinthdichtung ausgebildete berührungsfreie Dichtung 23 und ein mit dem dritten Spaltbereich 21 verbundener Zwischenraum 24. Letzterer kommuniziert seinerseits mit einer nicht dargestellten Abführleitung.Between the rotating compressor wheel 6 and the fixed partition 15 of the compressor housing 5 is an existing from different gap areas Separation gap 18 is formed. A first gap area 19 runs parallel to the machine axis 4 and is with both the outlet of the compressor wheel 6 and one predominantly radial in the area of the rear wall 16 of the compressor wheel 6 extending, second gap region 20 connected. The latter goes in between the fastening sleeve 17 and the intermediate wall 15 formed and third gap region 21 likewise running parallel to the machine axis 4 about. Part of the predominantly radially extending second gap area 20 are an entry area adjoining the first gap area 19 22, a non-contact seal 23 designed as a labyrinth seal and an intermediate space 24 connected to the third gap region 21 in turn communicates with a drain line, not shown.

Stromauf des zweiten Spaltbereiches 20 mündet eine aus einem Versorgungskanal 25 und einer Zuführleitung 26 bestehende Zuführeinrichtung 27 in den Trennspalt 18. Dazu ist die Diffusorplatte 14 in ihrem mittleren Bereich mit einer Öffnung 28 zur Aufnahme der Zuführleitung 26 versehen und weist an ihrem radial inneren Ende einen als Versorgungskanal 25 ausgebildeten Schlitz auf. Der Versorgungskanal 25 ist mit dem Eintrittsbereich 22 des zweiten Spaltbereiches 20 des Trennspaltes 18 radial fluchtend angeordnet.Upstream of the second gap area 20, one emerges from a supply channel 25 and a feed line 26 existing feed device 27 in the Separating gap 18. For this purpose, the diffuser plate 14 is provided with a Opening 28 is provided for receiving the feed line 26 and points radially at it inner end on a slot formed as a supply channel 25. The supply channel 25 is with the entry area 22 of the second gap area 20 of the separation gap 18 arranged radially aligned.

Beim Betrieb des Abgasturboladers saugt das Verdichterrad 6 als Arbeitsmedium 29 Umgebungsluft an, die über den Strömungskanal 9 sowie den Diffusor 10 in die Spirale 11 gelangt, dort verdichtet und schliesslich zur Aufladung einer nicht dargestellten, mit dem Abgasturbolader verbundenen Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzt wird. Auf ihrem Weg vom Strömungskanal 9 zum Diffusor 10 beaufschlagt die im Radialverdichter 1 erhitzte Umgebungsluft 29 als Leckageströmung 30 auch den ersten Spaltbereich 19 und damit den Trennspalt 18. Gleichzeitig wird jedoch über die Zuführeinrichtung 27 ein gasförmiges Kühlmedium 31 in den zweiten Spaltbereich 20 des Trennspaltes 18 eingeführt. Beispielsweise kann dies Luft vom nicht dargestellten Auslass des Ladeluftkühlers der Brennkraftmaschine sein. Natürlich ist sowohl der Einsatz anderer Kühlmedien als auch eine externe Zuführung des Kühlmediums möglich.When the exhaust gas turbocharger is operating, the compressor wheel 6 sucks as the working medium 29 ambient air, which via the flow channel 9 and the diffuser 10 in the spiral 11 arrives, compresses there and finally does not charge it shown, used with the exhaust gas turbocharger internal combustion engine becomes. Actuated on its way from the flow channel 9 to the diffuser 10 the ambient air 29 heated in the radial compressor 1 as a leakage flow 30 also the first gap region 19 and thus the separating gap 18. At the same time however, a gaseous cooling medium 31 into the second via the feed device 27 Gap area 20 of the separation gap 18 introduced. For example, this can be air from the outlet of the charge air cooler of the internal combustion engine, not shown. Of course, both the use of other cooling media as well as an external supply of the cooling medium possible.

Das Kühlmedium 31 ersetzt die heisse Leckageströmung 30, so dass die sich an der Rückwand 16 des Verdichterrades 6 ausbildende Grenzschicht bereits von Beginn an vor allem durch das zugeführte Kühlmedium 31 gebildet wird. Da das Kühlmedium 31 zudem lediglich nach radial innen strömt, ist es einerseits möglich, eine deutlich verbesserte Kühlwirkung zu erzielen und andererseits auch die Reibungsverluste zu verringern. Schliesslich wird das Kühlmedium 31, gemeinsam mit der Leckageströmung 30 des Arbeitsmediums 29, über den Zwischenraum 24 und über eine in der Zwischenwand 15 des Verdichtergehäuses 5 angreifende, nicht weiter dargestellte Abführeinrichtung 32, aus dem Trennspalt 18 geleitet.The cooling medium 31 replaces the hot leakage flow 30, so that the the rear wall 16 of the compressor wheel 6 already forming boundary layer At the beginning, it is primarily formed by the supplied cooling medium 31. Since that Cooling medium 31 only flows radially inwards, it is possible on the one hand to achieve a significantly improved cooling effect and on the other hand also Reduce friction losses. Finally, the cooling medium 31 becomes common with the leakage flow 30 of the working medium 29, across the gap 24 and via an attack in the intermediate wall 15 of the compressor housing 5, Discharge device 32, not shown, passed from the separation gap 18.

In einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Diffusorplatte 14 im Bereich des Versorgungskanals 25 mit einem die Zuführleitung 26 aufnehmenden Zwischenring 33 versehen (Fig. 2). Der Zwischenring 33 weist mehrere über den Umfang verteilte Führungsstege 34 auf, welche von als Zuführkanäle 35 ausgebildeten Ausnehmungen unterbrochen werden (Fig. 3). Dabei sind die Führungsstege 34 so ausgebildet, dass die Zuführkanäle 35 eine Ausrichtung in Drehrichtung des Verdichterrades 6 erfahren. Dadurch kommt es zu einer sogenannten Mitdrall-Einblasung des Kühlmediums 31, was die Reibleistung und damit die Erwärmung des Verdichterrades 6 deutlich verringert. Natürlich kann diese Funktion auch realisiert werden, indem die Diffusorplatte 14 im Bereich des Versorgungskanals 25 entsprechend profiliert ist (nicht dargestellt).In a second exemplary embodiment, the diffuser plate 14 is in the region of the supply duct 25 with an intermediate ring receiving the feed line 26 33 provided (Fig. 2). The intermediate ring 33 has several distributed over the circumference Guide webs 34, which of recesses formed as feed channels 35 be interrupted (Fig. 3). The guide webs 34 are designed so that the feed channels 35 have an orientation in the direction of rotation of the compressor wheel 6 experienced. This leads to a so-called swirl injection of the cooling medium 31, which is the friction and thus the heating of the compressor wheel 6 significantly reduced. Of course, this function can also be implemented be by the diffuser plate 14 in the region of the supply channel 25 accordingly is profiled (not shown).

Bei einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel ist stromauf des Eintrittsbereiches 22 des zweiten Spaltbereiches 20 ein Dichtelement 36 im Trennspalt 18 angeordnet (Fig. 4). Mit Hilfe dieses Dichtelementes 36 ist es möglich, den Druck der verbleibenden Leckageströmung 30 so weit herabzusetzen, dass der Druck des einströmenden Kühlmediums 31 vorteilhaft sogar unter dem am Austritt des Verdichterrades 6 herrschenden Druck des Arbeitsmediums 29 liegen kann. Auf diese Weise kann auch mit relativ geringen Mengen des Kühlmediums 31 eine effektive Kühlung des Verdichterrades 6 gewährleistet werden. In a third exemplary embodiment, the inlet area 22 of the a second sealing area 20, a sealing element 36 is arranged in the separating gap 18 (FIG. 4). With the help of this sealing element 36, it is possible to control the pressure of the remaining Leakage flow 30 to reduce so far that the pressure of the inflowing Cooling medium 31 advantageously even under that at the outlet of the compressor wheel 6 prevailing pressure of the working medium 29 may lie. That way even with relatively small amounts of the cooling medium 31 effective cooling of the Compressor wheel 6 can be guaranteed.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Radialverdichtercentrifugal compressors
22
Lagergehäusebearing housing
33
Wellewave
44
Maschinenachsemachine axis
55
Verdichtergehäusecompressor housing
66
Verdichterradcompressor
77
Laufschaufelblade
88th
Nabehub
99
Strömungskanalflow channel
1010
Diffusordiffuser
1111
Spiralespiral
1212
LufteintrittgehäuseAir intake housing
1313
LuftaustrittgehäuseAir outlet housing
1414
Diffusorplattediffuser plate
1515
Zwischenwandpartition
1616
Rückwandrear wall
1717
Befestigungsmuffemounting sleeve
1818
Trennspaltseparating gap
1919
Spaltbereich, ersterGap area, first
2020
Spaltbereich, zweiterGap area, second
2121
Spaltbereich, dritterGap area, third
2222
Eintrittsbereichentry area
2323
Dichtung, LabyrinthdichtungSeal, labyrinth seal
2424
Zwischenraumgap
2525
Versorgungskanalsupply channel
2626
Zuführleitungfeed
2727
Zuführeinrichtungfeeding
2828
Öffnungopening
2929
Arbeitsmedium working medium
3030
Leckageströmungleakage flow
3131
Kühlmediumcooling medium
3232
Abführeinrichtungremoval device
3333
Zwischenringintermediate ring
3434
Führungsstegguide web
3535
Zuführkanalfeed
3636
Dichtelementsealing element

Claims (6)

  1. Centrifugal compressor having a compressor impeller (6) with a rear wall (16) which is arranged on a shaft (3) and extends mainly radially, having a compressor casing (5) enclosing the compressor impeller (6), having a flow duct (9) for a working medium (29) of the centrifugal compressor (1), which flow duct (9) is formed between the compressor impeller (6) and the compressor casing (5) and having a separating gap (18) from the compressor impeller (6) and the compressor casing (5), which separating gap (18) is connected to the flow duct (9), and having a feed device (27) for a gaseous cooling medium (31), arranged in the compressor casing (5), and a corresponding removal device (32), the feed device (27) opening into the separating gap (18) and the separating gap (18) having a mainly radially extending gap region (20) in the region of the rear wall (16) of the compressor impeller (6), characterized in that the feed device (27) opens into the separating gap (18) upstream of the mainly radially extending gap region (20) of the separating gap (18).
  2. Centrifugal compressor according to Claim 1, characterized in that the feed device (27) has a supply duct (25) and the mainly radially extending gap region (20) of the separating gap (18) has an inlet region (22), the supply duct (25) and the inlet region (22) being arranged so that they are radially aligned.
  3. Centrifugal compressor according to Claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of feed ducts (35) pointing in the direction of rotation of the compressor impeller (6) are arranged in the supply duct (25).
  4. Centrifugal compressor according to Claim 3, characterized in that a plurality of guide webs (34) interrupted by recesses are arranged in the supply duct (25) and the recesses form the feed ducts (35).
  5. Centrifugal compressor according to Claim 4, characterized in that a sealing element (36) is arranged in the separating gap (18) upstream of the inlet region (22) of the mainly radially extending gap region (20).
  6. Centrifugal compressor according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that a contactless seal (23) is arranged downstream of the inlet region (22) in the mainly radially extending gap region (20) of the separating gap (18).
EP98810487A 1998-05-25 1998-05-25 Radial compressor Expired - Lifetime EP0961034B1 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98810487A EP0961034B1 (en) 1998-05-25 1998-05-25 Radial compressor
DE59809488T DE59809488D1 (en) 1998-05-25 1998-05-25 centrifugal compressors
TW088108094A TW562900B (en) 1998-05-25 1999-05-18 Centrifugal compressor
CZ19991778A CZ291692B6 (en) 1998-05-25 1999-05-19 Radial-flow compressor
KR10-1999-0018502A KR100537036B1 (en) 1998-05-25 1999-05-21 Centrifugal compressor
US09/316,964 US6238179B1 (en) 1998-05-25 1999-05-24 Centrifugal compressor
JP14544299A JP4503726B2 (en) 1998-05-25 1999-05-25 Centrifugal compressor
CN99212341U CN2381815Y (en) 1998-05-25 1999-05-25 Turbine compressor
CN99107042A CN1102706C (en) 1998-05-25 1999-05-25 Centrifugal compressor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98810487A EP0961034B1 (en) 1998-05-25 1998-05-25 Radial compressor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0961034A1 EP0961034A1 (en) 1999-12-01
EP0961034B1 true EP0961034B1 (en) 2003-09-03

Family

ID=8236108

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98810487A Expired - Lifetime EP0961034B1 (en) 1998-05-25 1998-05-25 Radial compressor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6238179B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0961034B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4503726B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100537036B1 (en)
CN (2) CN2381815Y (en)
CZ (1) CZ291692B6 (en)
DE (1) DE59809488D1 (en)
TW (1) TW562900B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW562900B (en) 2003-11-21
EP0961034A1 (en) 1999-12-01
JP2000054997A (en) 2000-02-22
CZ177899A3 (en) 2000-07-12
CN1102706C (en) 2003-03-05
KR100537036B1 (en) 2005-12-16
JP4503726B2 (en) 2010-07-14
CN2381815Y (en) 2000-06-07
CN1239193A (en) 1999-12-22
KR19990088489A (en) 1999-12-27
DE59809488D1 (en) 2003-10-09
CZ291692B6 (en) 2003-05-14
US6238179B1 (en) 2001-05-29

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