EP0954735B1 - Naturzug luftkondensator und dessen betriebsweise - Google Patents

Naturzug luftkondensator und dessen betriebsweise Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0954735B1
EP0954735B1 EP97932956A EP97932956A EP0954735B1 EP 0954735 B1 EP0954735 B1 EP 0954735B1 EP 97932956 A EP97932956 A EP 97932956A EP 97932956 A EP97932956 A EP 97932956A EP 0954735 B1 EP0954735 B1 EP 0954735B1
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Prior art keywords
air
condensers
steam
flow
stages
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0954735A1 (de
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György PALFALVI
János GUBA
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Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet
Energiagazdalkodasi Reszvenytarsasag
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Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet
Energiagazdalkodasi Reszvenytarsasag
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F28B2001/065—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium with secondary condenser, e.g. reflux condenser or dephlegmator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a natural-draught air condenser apparatus and a method of operation of such apparatus.
  • the exhaust steam of the turbine is usually condensed by cold cooling water. If providing the water is costly, air-cooled condensers, so-called air condensers are applied, where the steam flows in finned tubes so as to be condensed and the tubes are cooled from the outside by fan-supplied air. It is customary to install the air condensers in roof-like units, where the steam enters the air condensers from the top, white the cooling air is provided by supply fans located below the air condensers. In each air condenser apparatus, many units of identical size are located side by side. For example, the air condenser apparatus of a 200 MW output steam turbine may consist of thirty units.
  • the air condenser apparatus generally consists of several thousand tubes connected in parallel, in which the flow rate of steam decreases with progressing of the condensation.
  • the air condenser it is possible to build an air condenser, the tubes of which are exactly of a length necessary for the condensation of the steam, and in that case only the condensate is to be drained from the tubes.
  • the output of air condenser apparatus is generally regulated by fans with variable speed of rotation which can be operated independently.
  • the output of an air condenser apparatus is basically determined by its first air condenser stage, because its surface is larger than, e.g. three to four times as large as, the surface of the second, dephlegmator stage.
  • the air cushion is displaced, and in a favourable case it reaches the vacuum pump, but this is not to be taken for granted.
  • the air cushion causes a drop in output, and its displacement leads to a fluctuation of performance. Neither of these factors is favourable from the aspect of the steam turbine.
  • the output of the cooling tower can be reduced, consequently the steam pressure will increase, and if subsequently the shutters are opened at the dephlegmator of the air condenser surface blocked by the air cushion, the intensive condensation developing here could be capable of "sucking out" the air cushion.
  • the cooling tower runs at a decreased capacity, i.e. ultimately what happens is that the shutter control adjusts the air condensers to the worst performing condenser at any one time.
  • fans are also used for natural-draught air condenser apparatus, but only with an auxiliary character. It is also an important difference that no counterflow dephlegmators are applied, because in our experience operational troubles may arise in counterflow dephlegmators when the condensate flowing downwards and acting like a plug blocks the steam path. Therefore, it is believed to be important that for eliminating problems of a system we should not use a unit which in itself could be a source of disorders.
  • the air condensers provided with auxiliary fans - moving away from the approaches recommended so far - also have a condenser circuitry, i.e. in these air condensers both the steam and the condensate keep flowing downwards in the same direction.
  • the invention is, on the one hand, a natural-draught air condenser apparatus, especially for condensing exhaust steam of a power station turbine, air condensers of which are arranged in sections supplied with steam in parallel, each section having two or more air condenser stages connected in series on the steam side, wherein subsequent stages are of a decreasing steam side cross section or cooling surface, and the air condensers are located at bottom part of a cooling tower in a way that as a result of the cooling tower natural-draught air flow passes the air condensers in parallel.
  • the air condensers of all stages are of such a circuitry that in them the steam and the generated condensate flow downwards in the same direction, and the air condensers in the last stage or in the last two stages are provided with auxiliary fans to establish an artificial air flow in addition to the natural-draught air flow.
  • the advantage of the air condenser apparatus according to the invention is that due to the usage of air condensers of purely condenser type of operation, the cooling performance is higher in normal operation than that of the known solution having the same design but containing partly condenser type and partly dephlegmator type air condensers.
  • a further benefit is the higher operational reliability stemming from the fact that we do not apply dephlegmators. Applying fans of auxiliary nature also represents energy savings, because in normal mode their operation is not necessary.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a control equipment actuating the auxiliary fans only when the air condenser apparatus is started up and stopped, and when its operational status is disturbed.
  • the control equipment is fitted with devices detecting the temperature or pressure of the entering steam and the temperature of the condensate exiting from air condensers of the first stage in each section.
  • the air condensers provided with the auxiliary fans are fitted with air chambers enabling a circulation of the artificial air flow passing through them and with adjustable flow control shutters.
  • the air condensers provided with the auxiliary fans are fitted with spray nozzles directed to their outside surfaces, which nozzles being connected to a condensate conduit of the air condenser apparatus through a controllable valve.
  • the air condensers not provided with auxiliary fans are fitted with devices regulating the natural-draught air flow passing through them.
  • the devices regulating the natural-draught air flow consist of shutters.
  • a still another beneficial embodiment comprises valves for disconnecting one or more of the sections and devices for blocking the air flow in case of a low ambient temperature entailing a frost risk.
  • each section has two air condenser stages and only the air condensers of the second stages are provided with said auxiliary fans, or each section has three air condenser stages and only the third stage's air condensers are provided with said auxiliary fans. In case of three air condenser stages, there could be auxiliary fans for the second and third stage's air condensers.
  • the invention relates to a method of operation of a natural-draught air condenser apparatus, which has air condensers for condensation of steam, the air condensers being arranged in sections supplied with steam in parallel, each section having two or more air condenser stages connected in series on the steam side, and wherein the air condensers are located at bottom part of a cooling tower in a way that due to the effect of the cooling tower natural-draught air flow passes the air condensers in parallel.
  • an artificial air flow is established in addition to the natural-draught air flow at the air condensers in the last stage or in the last two stages.
  • the steam flow disorder is detected by sensing the temperature or pressure of the entering steam and the temperature of the condensate exiting from air condensers of the first stage in each section, and an occurrence of the disorder is established if the difference between the temperature of the entering steam and that of the exiting condensate exceeds a predetermined value.
  • At least one auxiliary fan for establishing said artificial air flow is started up in the section where the disorder occurred.
  • Another way to proceed is starting up at least one auxiliary fan for establishing said artificial air flow in the section where the steam flow disorder occurred, and in sections not involved in the disorder, auxiliary fans are started up in an opposite sense of rotation.
  • the efficiency of intervention can also be improved by - in addition to starting up an auxiliary fan or auxiliary fans in the section where the disorder occurred - spraying condensate on the air condenser or air condensers associated with the auxiliary fan or auxiliary fans, respectively.
  • the method may involve making a valve in an air suction conduit more open in the section where the steam flow disorder occurred, while making valves in air suction conduits more closed in sections not involved in the disorder.
  • the natural-draught air flow of the air condensers in the first stage is partly or fully suppressed.
  • the method may also involve, however, disconnecting one or more of the sections in case of a frost risk.
  • the natural-draught air flow of the air condensers is fully suppressed, air is circulated at the air condensers in the last stage or in the last two stages, and when the temperature of these air condensers increases, the air circulation is stopped and the artificial air flow is directed into the cooling tower, then the suppression of the natural-draught air flow of the air condensers is stopped, and after that the artificial air flow is stopped at the air condensers in the last stage or in the last two stages.
  • Fig. 1 shows the design of a natural-draught air condenser apparatus according to the invention.
  • Steam comes to the air condenser apparatus from a power station turbine 2 driving a generator 1 through a steam conduit 3, which air condenser apparatus is divided into independent branches, called sections, connected in parallel to the steam conduit 3.
  • sections 30 and 30A there are two sections 30 and 30A.
  • the elements of section 30A are designated by the same reference numbers as those in section 3 but with an additional letter "A".
  • Sections 30, 30A are connected on one side to the steam conduit 3 and on the other side to manifold 14 of a vacuum pump 15.
  • Sections 30, 30A are located in a well separated way in a cooling tower 5 constructed on ground level 4.
  • the two sections 30 and 30A are of identical structure in all respects.
  • Air condensers 7 represent the first and air condensers 11 the second air condenser stage, which are connected in series on the steam side. Under the air condensers 11 there is an auxiliary fan 12 and, if it operates, an artificial air flow 23 is established through the air condensers 11, while through air condensers 7 of the first stage a natural-draught air flow 22 is established, depending on the draught of the cooling tower 5. From the air the condensers 11 the air and, as the case may be, some remaining steam are supplied to the vacuum pump 15 through conduit 13 and manifold 14.
  • the whole cooling surface of the air condensers 7 and 11 is located within the cooling tower 5 in a roof shape arrangement as shown in the figure. However, the arrangement may also be different.
  • the air condensers 7 and 11 have supporting structure not shown in the figure so that the air condensers 7 and 11 are located above air inlet openings 25 at the bottom part of the wall of the cooling tower 5. Between air condensers 7 and 11 and also between the outmost air condenser 11 and the wall of the cooling tower 5, plate wall 21 prevents any flow of false air.
  • air flows 22 and 23 are mixed.
  • the extent and temperature of a resulting air flow 24 are determined by the air flows 22 and 23.
  • the draught generated in the cooling tower 5 depends on the structural height of the cooling tower 5 and on the temperature of the air flow 24.
  • the air condenser apparatus includes several subsequent stages on the steam side, with decreasing steam side cross section and cooling surface, respectively.
  • the number of stages is arbitrary in principle, but because of the costs of connecting conduits and due to the pressure loss arising in them, for the sake of economics, three or two stages are generally used.
  • Fig. 1 shows two stages and the cooling surface of the air condensers 7 of the first stage is twice as large as that of the air condensers 11 in the second stage.
  • the surface ratio can preferably be 3:2:1.
  • All the stages consist of identical condenser type units, in which the steam and the condensate proceed in the same direction downwards. We do not apply any counterflow dephlegmator.
  • the non-condensing air can be guided away through some conduits in a per se known way.
  • the operation of the air condenser apparatus is started in the following way.
  • the vacuum pump 15 is started up, thereby establishing a vacuum in air condensers 7 and 11.
  • steam conduit 3 steam is supplied to air condensers 7 and through them to air condensers 11, but since the draught has not yet developed, air flow 24 is limited.
  • air flow 23 starts condensation in air condensers 11. To make sure that the steam reaches that point, it must flow along steam conduit 3 and also through air condensers 7 of the first stage, and this steam flow flushes away any air eventually remaining in air condensers 7 and in the connecting conduits.
  • the air flow may increase in an air condenser 7 and, therefore, a dead zone may develop there.
  • This is detected by measuring the temperature of the steam in steam distributor duct 6 and also the temperature of the condensate flowing in manifold 8, and if this latter is lower than the steam temperature by at least a pre-determined value, this indicates that a dead zone has developed in the given air condensers 7 and so at that point the condensate is overcooled. If the temperature of the entering saturated steam is e.g. 30 °C, the temperature difference triggering the intervention could be e.g. 4 °C.
  • the air condenser apparatus is divided into several sections which are connected in parallel with and independent of each other.
  • the air condensers are in the first, second and perhaps third stage, while the auxiliary fans are located at the air condensers of the second and/or third stage.
  • auxiliary fans 12 applied for the natural-draught air condensers 11 are not expected to eliminate fully the deteriorating effect of the wind, and the only objective is to ensure steady operation and prevent evolution of disturbing air cushions in air condensers 7.
  • Fig. 2 shows the control system of the air condenser apparatus depicted in Fig. 1.
  • Control equipment 31 receives through line 33 a signal of a per se known detector measuring the temperature of steam coming through steam distributor duct 6. This signal is compared with a signal, coming through line 34, of another per se known detector measuring the temperature of condensate leaving the air condensers 7. Instead of measuring the temperature of saturated steam entering, its pressure can be measured, because the temperature can be calculated from the latter. If the control equipment 31 detects such a temperature difference which is higher than a predetermined value, i.e. a local overcooling occurs in section 30, fan 12 associated with this section 30 is started up.
  • FIG. 2 On the left hand side of Fig. 2 another control possibility is depicted, i.e. the operation - in a reversed sense of rotation - of the fan 12A associated with section 30A which is not involved in overcooling. At that time, flowing backwards on air condensers 11A, the already heated air generates air flow 39, as a result of which the cooling capacity decreases there and at the same time less steam is delivered to air condensers 7A and 11A.
  • valves 38 and 38A fitted into the air suction conduits 13 and 13A.
  • control equipment 31 makes valve 38 of section 30 according to the point of overcooling more open and valve 38A associated with section 30A not involved in the overcooling more closed. This measure also results in the fact that the cooling output increases in section 30 and decreases in section 30A.
  • a fourth possibility is provided by nozzle 37 connected through a controllable valve 35 and conduit 36 to condensate conduit 20 after condensate pump 19, as a result of which atomised condensate can be applied for wetting the surface of air condenser or air condensers 11 in section 30 corresponding to the point of overcooling, thereby increasing the cooling output.
  • the effect is practically the same as provided by the actuation of fan 12, i.e. increasing the local cooling output, while the draught and cooling capacity of the whole natural-draught air condenser apparatus slightly deteriorate.
  • control equipment 31 may also be carried out by supplying a set signal to its input 32, i. e. the devices described above (fans, atomisers and valves) may be controlled manually, too.
  • Fig. 3 depicts a system providing protection against frost, the use of which is justified in places where in the winter the air temperature could even drop to -15 °C.
  • air condensers 7 and 7A of the first stage are associated with controllable shutters 40 and 40A, respectively, which are in a closed status upon start-up. They are opened by control equipment 41, which measures by means of a signal coming through line 42 the temperature or pressure of the steam entering through steam conduit 3. In case this drops to a dangerously low rate or if this is required by an adjustment of a set signal supplied to input 43, shutters 40 and 40A close partially. In normal mode, all shutters 40 and 40A are fully open, and the apparatus works according to principles as described for apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the protection system shown in Fig. 4 is suitable for use in an environment where a high risk of frost prevails, that is in places where the winter temperature could drop below -30 °C.
  • the structure follows in principle the design shown in the previous figures, and so only the deviating details are described.
  • Sectioning valves 54, 55, 56 and 57 of the apparatus enable in cold periods the total disconnection of one or more section of the air condenser apparatus, for example section 30 in Fig. 4.
  • Shutters 40, 51 and 52 of the disconnected air condensers 7 and 11 are closed, the auxiliary fan 12 does not operate and so there is no steam flow.
  • air chamber 50A is fitted with supply side shutters 51A and recirculating shutters 52A. If the air condenser apparatus is started in very cold temperatures, fan 12A ensures air flow 53 through the open recirculating shutters 52A. In this case, shutters 51A are closed on the supply side, and shutters 40A are also closed.
  • the condensation of steam commences in air condensers 11A, and therefore steam flows along steam conduit 3, steam distributor duct 6A and air condensers 7A in a way that in the meantime, air flow 24 does not exist in the cooling tower 5.
  • a safe value e.g.
  • Control equipment 58 looks after the process control, which control equipment 58 receives a signal of a per se known detector measuring the temperature of condensate flowing in conduit 16A through line 62 and a signal of a detector 60 measuring the outside ambient temperature through line 61, and controls the mentioned units at its outputs. A set signal for the control equipment 58 can be adjusted on its input 59.
  • the air condenser apparatus shown in Fig. 4 provides a further possibility for performing another protection function. If, in the disconnected status of section 30, shutters 40 are opened, false air flows into the cooling tower 5, which reduces the temperature of the air current 24, and so the draught of the cooling tower 5 and along with it the output of the air condenser apparatus drop dramatically.
  • the air condenser apparatus is not only suitable for condensing the exhaust steam of a turbine in a power station, but also for performing condensation tasks in other industrial facilities, e.g. in chemical plants.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Claims (20)

  1. Naturzug-Luftkondensatoranordnung, insbesondere zum Kondensieren der dampfförmigen Abluft aus einer Kraftwerksturbine, deren Luftkondensatoren in parallel mit Dampf versorgten Abschnitten angeordnet sind, wobei jeder Abschnitt zwei oder mehr Luftkondensatorstufen aufweist, die auf der Dampfseite in Reihe geschaltet sind, wobei nachfolgende Stufen einen kleinerer werdenden Querschnitt bzw. eine immer kleinere Kühlfläche auf der Dampfseite aufweisen und die Luftkondensatoren im unteren Teil eines Kühlturms in der Weise angeordnet sind, dass infolge des natürlichen Luftzugs im Kühlturm der Luftstrom die Luftkondensatoren parallel durchläuft,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet dass die Luftkondensatoren (7, 7A, 11, 11A) aller Stufen in der Weise geschaltet sind, dass in ihnen der Dampf und das gebildete Kondensat in gleicher Richtung nach unten fließen und dass die Luftkondensatoren (11, 11A) in der letzten Stufe bzw. in den letzten beiden Stufen mit Hilfsgebläsen (12, 12A) ausgerüstet sind, um so zusätzlich zum Luftstrom infolge natürlichen Luftzugs einen künstlichen Luftstrom zu bilden.
  2. Luftkondensatoranordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Steuerung (31) aufweist, welche die Hilfsgebläse (12, 12A) nur dann betätigt, wenn die Luftkondensatoranordnung angelassen und angehalten wird und wenn der Betriebszustand gestört ist.
  3. Luftkondensatoranordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerung (31) mit Vorrichtungen ausgerüstet ist, welche die Temperatur bzw. den Druck des eintretenden Dampfes sowie die Temperatur des Kondensats erfassen, das aus den Luftkondensatoren (7, 7A) der ersten Stufe in jedem Abschnitt austritt.
  4. Luftkondensatoranordnung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mit den Hilfsgebläsen (12, 12A) versehenen Luftkondensatoren (11, 11A) mit Luftkammern (50, 50A) ausgerüstet sind, welche eine Umwälzung des durch sie hindurchfließenden Luftstroms ermöglichen, sowie mit einstellbaren Sektorenblenden (51A, 52A) zur Strömungsregelung.
  5. Luftkondensatoranordnung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mit den Hilfsgebläsen (12, 12A) versehenen Luftkondensatoren (11) mit Sprühdüsen (37) ausgerüstet sind, welche zu ihren Außenseiten hin gerichtet sind, wobei die Düsen (37) mit einer Kondensatleitung (20) der Luftkondensatoranordnung über ein steuerbares Ventil (35) verbunden sind.
  6. Luftkondensatoranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Luftkondensatoren (7, 7A), die nicht mit Hilfsgebläsen ausgerüstet sind, mit Vorrichtungen zum Regeln des durch sie hindurchfließenden Naturzug-Luftstroms ausgestattet sind.
  7. Luftkondensatoranordnung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtungen zum Regeln des Naturzug-Luftstroms aus Sektorenblenden (40, 40A) bestehen.
  8. Luftkondensatoranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Ventile (54, 55, 56, 57) zum Wegschalten von einem oder mehreren der Abschnitte (30, 30A) sowie Vorrichtungen (40, 51) zum Sperren des Luftstroms im Falle niedriger Umgebungstemperatur aufweist, welche eine Frostgefahr mit sich bringt.
  9. Luftkondensatoranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Abschnitt (30, 39A) zwei Luftkondensator-Stufen aufweist und nur die Luftkondensatoren (11, 11A) in den zweiten Stufen mit den Hilfsgebläsen ausgestattet sind.
  10. Luftkondensatoranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Abschnitt drei Luftkondensator-Stufen aufweist und nur die Luftkondensatoren in den dritten Stufen mit den Hilfsgebläsen ausgestattet sind.
  11. Luftkondensatoranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Abschnitt drei Luftkondensator-Stufen aufweist und nur die Luftkondensatoren in den zweiten und dritten Stufen mit den Hilfsgebläsen ausgestattet sind.
  12. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Naturzug-Luftkondensatoranordnung, welche Luftkondensatoren zum Kondensieren von Dampf aufweist, wobei die Luftkondensatoren in parallel mit Dampf versorgten Abschnitten angeordnet sind, wobei jeder Abschnitt zwei oder mehr Luftkondensatorstufen aufweist, die auf der Dampfseite in Reihe geschaltet sind, und wobei die Luftkondensatoren im unteren Teil eines Kühlturms in der Weise angeordnet sind, dass infolge des natürlichen Luftzugs im Kühlturm der Luftstrom die Luftkondensatoren parallel durchläuft, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass nach dem Hochlaufen der Luftkondensatorvorrichtung und im Falle einer Störung des Dampfstroms, der in den Luftkondensatoren auftritt, zusätzlich zum Luftstrom infolge natürlichen Luftzugs an den Luftkondensatoren in der letzten Stufe oder in den letzten beiden Stufen ein künstlicher Luftstrom gebildet wird.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Störung im Dampfstrom dadurch erfasst wird, dass die Temperatur oder der Druck des eintretenden Dampfes und die Temperatur des Kondensats gemessen werden, das aus den Luftkondensatoren der ersten Stufe in jedem Abschnitt austritt, und dass das Auftreten einer Störung festgestellt wird, wenn die Differenz zwischen der Temperatur des eintretenden Dampfes und der Temperatur des austretenden Kondensats einen vorgegebenen Wert übersteigt.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Falle einer Störung im Dampfstrom mindestens ein Hilfsgebläse zur Bildung des künstlichen Luftstroms in dem Abschnitt angelassen wird, in dem die Störung aufgetreten ist.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Falle einer Störung im Dampfstrom mindestens ein Hilfsgebläse zur Bildung des künstlichen Luftstroms in dem Abschnitt angelassen wird, in dem die Störung aufgetreten ist, und dass in Abschnitten, die mit der Störung nichts zu tun haben, Hilfsgebläse in entgegengesetzter Umlaufrichtung angelassen werden.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Falle einer Störung im Dampfstrom mindestens ein Hilfsgebläse zur Bildung des künstlichen Luftstroms in dem Abschnitt angelassen wird, in dem die Störung aufgetreten ist, und dass auf den Luftkondensator bzw. die Luftkondensatoren, der bzw. die mit dem mindestens einen Hilfsgebläse verbunden ist bzw. sind, Kondensat aufgesprüht wird.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Falle einer Störung im Dampfstrom ein Ventil in einer Luftansaugleitung in dem Abschnitt, in dem die Störung aufgetreten ist, weiter geöffnet wird, wohingegen Ventile in Luftansaugleitungen in den Abschnitten, die nichts mit der Störung zu tun haben, weiter geschlossen werden.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Falle einer niedrigen Umgebungstemperatur, welche eine Frostgefahr mit sich bringt, der Naturzug-Luftstrom der Luftkondensatoren in der ersten Stufe teilweise oder vollständig unterdrückt wird.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Falle einer niedrigen Umgebungstemperatur, welche eine Frostgefahr mit sich bringt, einer oder mehrere der Abschnitte weggeschaltet werden.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Hochlaufen der Luftkondensatoranordnung der Naturzug-Luftstrom der Luftkondensatoren vollständig unterdrückt wird, Luft an den Luftkondensatoren in der letzten Stufe oder in den letzten beiden Stufen umgewälzt wird, und dann, wenn die Temperatur dieser Luftkondensatoren ansteigt, die Luftumwälzung angehalten und der künstliche Luftstrom in den Kühlturm geleitet wird, die Unterdrückung des Naturzug-Luftstroms der Luftkondensatoren angehalten wird und danach der künstliche Luftstrom an den Luftkondensatoren in der letzten Stufe oder in den letzten beiden Stufen angehalten wird.
EP97932956A 1996-07-17 1997-07-17 Naturzug luftkondensator und dessen betriebsweise Expired - Lifetime EP0954735B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU9601945 1996-07-17
HU9601945A HU221152B1 (en) 1996-07-17 1996-07-17 Condenser unit working by natural draught and method to exploit it
PCT/HU1997/000040 WO1998002701A1 (en) 1996-07-17 1997-07-17 Natural-draught air condenser apparatus and method of operation thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0954735A1 EP0954735A1 (de) 1999-11-10
EP0954735B1 true EP0954735B1 (de) 2002-01-02

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EP97932956A Expired - Lifetime EP0954735B1 (de) 1996-07-17 1997-07-17 Naturzug luftkondensator und dessen betriebsweise

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EP (1) EP0954735B1 (de)
AU (1) AU3631497A (de)
DE (1) DE69709907D1 (de)
HU (1) HU221152B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1998002701A1 (de)

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DE10333009B3 (de) * 2003-07-18 2004-08-19 Gea Energietechnik Gmbh Anordnung zur Kondensation von Wasserdampf

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HU225331B1 (hu) * 2003-04-24 2006-09-28 Egi Energiagazdalkodasi Reszve Léghûtõ rendszer
DE102005024156B3 (de) * 2005-05-23 2006-10-19 Gea Energietechnik Gmbh Kondensationsanlage
IT1401150B1 (it) * 2010-07-28 2013-07-12 Ansaldo Energia Spa Metodo per il controllo di un condensatore ad aria di un impianto per la produzione di energia elettrica con selezione automatica dello stato e impianto per la produzione di energia elettrica
CN102562190A (zh) * 2010-12-31 2012-07-11 施国梁 虹吸风冷的热力发电装置
CN102072674B (zh) * 2011-01-30 2013-01-16 北京龙源冷却技术有限公司 表面式凝汽器间接空冷控制系统
WO2012114134A1 (en) * 2011-02-24 2012-08-30 Gea Egi Energiagazdalkodasi Zrt Arrangement for improving the cooling capacity and freeze protection of air-cooled heat exchangers subjected to the impact of wind
CN102322747B (zh) * 2011-08-01 2012-10-10 山西省电力勘测设计院 两机一塔母管制间接冷却系统
RU158007U1 (ru) * 2015-04-30 2015-12-20 Геа Эги Энергиагаздалькодаши Зрт. Градирня
US10465564B2 (en) * 2016-10-05 2019-11-05 General Electric Company System and method for higher plant efficiency

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DE10333009B3 (de) * 2003-07-18 2004-08-19 Gea Energietechnik Gmbh Anordnung zur Kondensation von Wasserdampf

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998002701A1 (en) 1998-01-22
HU9601945D0 (en) 1996-09-30
DE69709907D1 (de) 2002-02-28
HUP9601945A1 (hu) 1998-05-28
AU3631497A (en) 1998-02-09
EP0954735A1 (de) 1999-11-10
HU221152B1 (en) 2002-08-28

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