EP0954619B1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung einer beschichtung auf einem substrat - Google Patents

Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung einer beschichtung auf einem substrat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0954619B1
EP0954619B1 EP97947127A EP97947127A EP0954619B1 EP 0954619 B1 EP0954619 B1 EP 0954619B1 EP 97947127 A EP97947127 A EP 97947127A EP 97947127 A EP97947127 A EP 97947127A EP 0954619 B1 EP0954619 B1 EP 0954619B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
zone
cooling
heating
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97947127A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0954619A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Coddet
Han Lin Liao
Bernard Hansz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut Polytechnique de Sevenans
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Institut Polytechnique de Sevenans
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for production of a coating on a substrate and, more particularly, the making thermal deposits on a substrate using particles in fusion which are animated by kinetic energy.
  • the coatings are generally obtained by spraying a powder or a mixture of powders on the substrate to be coated, so as to confer on said substrate properties of hardness, resistance to wear and / or corrosion, good lubrication, or make them better conductors electricity.
  • the powder or powder mixture is sprayed onto the substrate by a technique known under the generic name of projection thermal which is generally carried out in air or under low pressure at by means of special devices known for example by the acronyms VPS (Vaccum Plasma Spray), LPPS (Low Pressure Plasma Spray), CAPS (Controlled Atmosphere Plasma Spraying), APS (Atmospheric plasma spraying), IPS (inert gas plasma spraying) or HVOF (High Velocity oxyfuel spraying).
  • VPS Vacum Plasma Spray
  • LPPS Low Pressure Plasma Spray
  • CAPS Controlled Atmosphere Plasma Spraying
  • APS Almospheric plasma spraying
  • IPS inert gas plasma spraying
  • HVOF High Velocity oxyfuel spraying
  • a major drawback is that current techniques for substrate preheating are totally unsuitable for substrates made up of large parts. Indeed, it is difficult to preheat a large room in its entirety before thermal spraying, because we rarely have suitable means for perform such preheating.
  • Another disadvantage is that when the cooling temperature is not satisfactorily controlled, results in a non-homogeneous coating or deposit layer.
  • a solution to remedy this drawback and applicable on particularly large parts is to treat them mechanically before thermal spraying then build the layer of coating with many successive passes, each pass producing a thin part of the coating layer, such a solution making it possible to reduce the internal tensions developing during the projection of particles and stabilize them at acceptable values.
  • JP-A-63218272 a method of depositing on a substrate and a device for implementing this method comprising preheating means, thermal spraying means of particles and cooling means.
  • This document does not specify the temperatures used according to the process supposed to improve the adhesion of the substrate and its resistance and decrease porosity.
  • the deposit obtained is not homogeneous.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above and to propose a method and a device for coating, by thermal spraying, parts of different structure and dimensions without the need to adapt them to the type of substrate or part to be treated.
  • the subject of the present invention is a method for producing a coating on a substrate, as defined in claim 1.
  • the local heating of the substrate is carried out with a means to high energy (flame, induction, laser, electron beam, plasma), immediately before the arrival of the particles so as to benefit from high surface temperature at the time of impact of the particles while minimizing heat transfer in the substrate.
  • a means to high energy flame, induction, laser, electron beam, plasma
  • cooling of the surface is achieved by energetic means, such as gases liquefied spray, immediately after deposition of the particles in order to always minimize heat transfer in the substrate.
  • the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to obtain a deposit adherent, cohesive and with a high residual stress level reduced compared to what is achieved with the methods of the prior art.
  • Another object of the present invention is a device allowing the implementation of the method, the device being as defined in claim 5.
  • An advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that in limiting the heated area of the substrate and keeping the rest of the substrate at the room temperature, oxidation is greatly avoided or reduced or nitriding the substrate during the projection of the particles.
  • Another advantage is better adhesion of the deposit due to the choice of the temperature of the impact zone on the substrate in relation to its superficial energy. Indeed, depending on the nature and the structure of the substrate, it is possible to select a heating temperature appropriate, so the difference between the particle temperatures projected and substrate can be adjusted to a value which improves the adhesion of the particles on the substrate.
  • the relative movement between the substrate and the means heating, particle projection and cooling is determined for example depending on the dimensions of said substrate, although others considerations can be taken into account.
  • a first mode of operation we can keep the substrate fixed and move each or all the means if they are mounted in tandem in front of the fixed substrate, zone after area, until the entire surface of the substrate is coated with the deposit wish.
  • a second operating mode we can move the substrate, always zone after zone, in front of the various aforementioned means.
  • the method according to the invention consists in heating an area of determined surface of a substrate to be coated with a deposit, then to be projected immediately after a powder or mixture of powders on said area to using thermal spraying means and then to cool as well immediately after said coated area using means of cooling known per se.
  • This sequence of operations can be performed either by holding the substrate fixed and moving in one piece said heating, spraying and cooling means which constitute a so-called covering assembly, either by maintaining said coating set and moving the substrate either by moving the substrate and coating set, in directions and with velocities of displacement (rotation or translation) which are defined so that an area is treated, as specified above, before the area will not be processed in turn, until the total recovery of the surface of the substrate to be coated with the desired thickness of the deposit.
  • the displacements can be vertical and / or horizontal or even in rotation, the combination of displacements being chosen according in particular to the dimensions of the substrate, its shape or any other parameter linked directly or not to the substrate.
  • the device for implementing the method according to the invention includes a set 1 consisting of at least one support 2 which moves relatively with respect to a substrate 3 to be coated with a deposit, and on which are mounted at least means 4 of thermal projection, heating means 5, mounted upstream of the projection means 4, and cooling means 6 arranged downstream of the projection means 4.
  • the substrate 3 is constituted by a part 7 of large dimensions and of cylindrical shape; the external face 8 must be coated with a metallic deposit, the components of which are arranged in the reserve of a torch, for example of the CDS type sold by the company PLASMA TECHNIK, the torch 4 projecting the components in the form of powders with high energy and strong temperature on said face 8.
  • the three elements 4 to 6 of the assembly are located in the same horizontal plane or at least their ends, of so that the area of the external face 8 is treated successively by each of the three elements.
  • each zone 9 to be treated are defined by the impact surface of the projection means 4, which impact surface is on the order of a few square centimeters and rather on the order of a centimeter square.
  • assembly 1 moves vertically so as to scan successive zones 9 and located at different levels, the various successive zones being located on fictitious sinusoids as and as the passes made by the device.
  • the area to be treated 9 is heated to a temperature of the order of 400 ° C.
  • the heated zone is brought opposite the projection torch 4.
  • the zone is already brought to a given temperature and that the temperature of projection is around 1100 ° C, we decrease the temperature difference between the molten powder and the part, thus allowing better spreading of the deposit.
  • the zone 9 is brought opposite at least one nozzle through which liquid CO 2 or another cryogenic fluid is sprayed.
  • This rapid cooling immediately after the projection, in fact constitutes a quench which solidifies the deposit and makes it adhere better to the part 3, while preserving its structure.
  • the cooling temperature is lower than the oxidation and / or deformation temperature of the substrate, thus preventing oxidation of said part and / or of the metallic components of the powder.
  • the substrate consists of example by a fixed plate 12.
  • the support 2 is, in this case mobile in translation along arrow 13.
  • the heating means 5 heat a given zone 16 to bring it to a predetermined temperature before it passes the means of projection 4 to receive a deposit. While part of zone 15 is coated, the cooling means 6 cool the zone 14 which has already been coated.
  • This is automatically programmed by a program which takes into account all the parameters of the repository and which organizes the sequence of operations with the appropriate relative speeds between device 2 and the part to be treated. At each end of the substrate 12, the system is either inverted be brought back to the starting side by an external path.
  • coated parts are obtained which exhibit very good corrosion resistance, as shown by the figures of table 3 and a very high hardness (table 4).
  • Table 3 presents by way of example the results obtained for a coating of the NiCrBSi type deposited on an aluminum substrate using on the one hand a conventional method and on the other hand the method according to the invention. These are corrosion test results carried out in normally aerated H 2 SO 4 2N medium with a potential sweep speed of 1 mVsec -1 . It is clearly seen, in this case, that the intensity of the passive current with the conventional coating does not allow protection against corrosion whereas with the process according to the invention the coating behaves as well or even better than stainless steel .
  • Table 4 presents the results in microhardness of this same deposit obtained under 300 g of filler.
  • the method according to the invention allows to obtain results superior to those of a solid alloy, which does not not allow conventional methods.
  • the device according to the invention is compact and can be transported to carry out a repair on site if necessary, in particular for very heavy and large parts.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Non-Metallic Protective Coatings For Printed Circuits (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung auf einem Substrat, wobei man geschmolzene Partikel, denen kinetische Energie zugeführt wurde, auf eine Oberfläche eines Substrats spritzt bzw. sprüht, wobei man eine Zone des zu beschichtenden Substrats kurz vor dem Aufprall der Partikel über eine sehr geringe Dicke hinweg erhitzt, und wobei man die beschichtete Zone mit einer Kühltemperatur unterhalb der Oxidations- und der Verformungstemperatur des Substrats kühlt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den Rest des Substrats auf Umgebungstemperatur hält und daß die Kühlung unmittelbar nach der Auftragung der Beschichtung erfolgt, wobei die erhitzte Zone im wesentlichen der Fläche des Aufpralls der Partikel entspricht, woraufhin der vorhergehende Vorgang Zone für Zone solange sequentiell wiederholt wird, bis die Fläche vollständig beschichtet ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heiztemperatur von der Art des Substrats abhängt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlmittel durch Aufspritzen eines Kältemittels, wie z.B. flüssiges CO2, gebildet werden.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den Mitteln zum Erhitzen und Spritzen bzw. Sprühen der Partikel eine Relativbewegung bezüglich des Substrats verliehen wird, wobei die Schrittweite der Relativbewegung der Fläche der zu beschichtenden Zone entspricht.
  5. Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, mit Heizmitteln (5), Mitteln (4) zum thermischen Spritzen bzw. Sprühen von Teilchen und Kühlmitteln (6), wobei den Mitteln zum Erhitzen und Spritzen bzw. Sprühen der Partikel eine Relativbewegung bezüglich des Substrats (3) verliehen wird, und wobei die Heizmittel (5) stromaufseitig von den Spritz- bzw. Sprühmitteln (4) derart angeordnet sind, daß jede erhitzte Zone (9) unmittelbar vor ihrem Durchtritt unter den Spritz- bzw. Sprühmitteln angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die unter den Spritz- bzw. Sprühmitteln befindliche Zone des Substrats einen Abschnitt aufweist, der der erhitzten Zone entspricht, und daß die beschichtete Zone unmittelbar danach ohne Übergang einer Kühlung mittels eines Kältemittels ausgesetzt wird, so daß die Kühltemperatur unterhalb der Oxidations- und Verformungstemperatur des Substrats (3) liegt.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den Kühlmitteln dieselbe Relativbewegung bezüglich des Substrats verliehen wird.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heiztemperatur und die Kühltemparatur in Abhängigkeit von der Art des Substrats und der gespritzen bzw. gesprühten Partikel gewählt werden.
EP97947127A 1996-12-09 1997-11-24 Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung einer beschichtung auf einem substrat Expired - Lifetime EP0954619B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9615092A FR2756756B1 (fr) 1996-12-09 1996-12-09 Procede et dispositif pour la realisation d'un revetement sur un substrat
FR9615092 1996-12-09
PCT/FR1997/002117 WO1998026104A1 (fr) 1996-12-09 1997-11-24 Procede et dispositif pour la realisation d'un revetement sur un substrat

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0954619A1 EP0954619A1 (de) 1999-11-10
EP0954619B1 true EP0954619B1 (de) 2002-02-13

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EP97947127A Expired - Lifetime EP0954619B1 (de) 1996-12-09 1997-11-24 Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung einer beschichtung auf einem substrat

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0954619B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE213281T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69710495D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2756756B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1998026104A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006061977A1 (de) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung für thermisches Spritzverfahren

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8715772B2 (en) * 2005-04-12 2014-05-06 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Thermal deposition coating method
US9200356B2 (en) 2006-08-28 2015-12-01 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Apparatus and method for regulating cryogenic spraying
US8293035B2 (en) 2006-10-12 2012-10-23 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Treatment method, system and product
US20190033138A1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2019-01-31 United Technologies Corporation Processes and tooling for temperature controlled plasma spray coating
US20190078463A1 (en) * 2017-09-08 2019-03-14 United Technologies Corporation Segmented Ceramic Coatings and Methods
CN116988061B (zh) * 2023-09-27 2023-12-19 太原科技大学 一种镍基高温合金及其表面改性方法

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BE510038A (de) *
GB191415960A (en) * 1914-07-03 1915-07-05 Reginald Keble Morcom An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Applying Coatings to Various Surfaces or Materials.
DE821903C (de) * 1950-08-12 1951-11-22 Karl Schoenbacher Dr Ing Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lagerschalen
FR1347716A (fr) * 1962-10-09 1964-01-04 Procédé pour appliquer un métal pulvérisé sur une surface chauffée faite d'un autre métal et article ainsi obtenu
DE2028050A1 (de) * 1970-06-08 1971-12-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung korrosions- und verschleißfester metallischer Überzüge durch Aufspritzen
DE2615022C2 (de) * 1976-04-07 1978-03-02 Agefko Kohlensaeure-Industrie Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Oberfläche mittels eines Strahles aus erhitztem Gas und geschmolzenem Material
JPS61501397A (ja) * 1984-03-12 1986-07-10 コミツサレ・ア・レナジイ・アトミツク　エタブリスマン・ドウ・カラクテ−ル・サイエンテイフイツク・テクニツク・エ・アンドウストリ− 部品の表面処理およびとくに熱吹付けにより部品上に次いで蒸着される被膜の密着を改善するためのこの処理の使用
JPS6247470A (ja) * 1985-08-23 1987-03-02 Toshiba Corp 円筒内面の溶射被覆形成方法
JPS63218272A (ja) * 1987-03-06 1988-09-12 Hideo Nagasaka 溶射方法及び装置
IT1234618B (it) * 1989-04-04 1992-05-25 Pivetta Domenico Varmo Udine Metodo per il trattamento superficiale di tubi per resistenza ad alte temperature e tubi cosi' trattati.
FR2693925B1 (fr) * 1992-07-23 1994-10-14 Sevenans Inst Polytechnique Procédé de préparation et de revêtement de surface et dispositif pour la mise en Óoeuvre dudit procédé.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006061977A1 (de) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung für thermisches Spritzverfahren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2756756B1 (fr) 1999-01-15
DE69710495D1 (de) 2002-03-21
FR2756756A1 (fr) 1998-06-12
EP0954619A1 (de) 1999-11-10
ATE213281T1 (de) 2002-02-15
WO1998026104A1 (fr) 1998-06-18

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