EP0953088B1 - Supporting structure and its structural members - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to easily assemble a supporting structure, preferably in a detachable manner from easily handled elements, without having to take extensive additional measures, the invention provides for a wooden beam construction comprising connecting elements (13) fitted into the individual beams (11/17) and assembled with at least one connecting part (1).

Description

The invention relates to a wooden support (claims 1 to 48) for a structure and its construction elements, where the wooden beam consists of at least two into one unit connected support elements at least partially Wood with a continuous cavity in which there is at least one composite anchor with connection options is (claims 18 to 48), a method for Manufacture of this carrier (claims 49 to 69), the at least one support structure that can be produced (Claims 70 to 88) and an insertion device at least one composite anchor in a support element (Claims 89 to 96).

Structures are known from many areas. There are here, for example, only steel and reinforced concrete structures called whose use from creating from buildings to the construction of bridges enough. must be animal. The creation of such structures is only to be carried out by a specialist.

Another disadvantage that should not be underestimated is that the individual parts in the known structures must be inextricably linked and are not suitable for repeated use, or repairs, if necessary, if any, then only possible with enormous effort.

Lately has been emerging in the construction industry Trend down, especially when creating single-family houses, reinforces the building material wood or containing wood Use materials. Have in this area different types of support systems have become established. there come solid wood, glulam and other wood materials as well as crossbeams used for the same Size of their cross section to absorb higher forces and are able to transmit.

Connections, especially in the area of the ends of these Wooden building elements have been proposed in many different ways. For this purpose, only as examples transverse to the longitudinal axis of the beam in the area of tongue and groove connections driven dowels with bolts and additional Screw nails or nail connections with cover flaps or Tenon with transversely driven hardwood dowels or recessed T-steel with dowels or pegs, in particular Specified shear pin and the like.

In EP 0 159 452 A1 there are node connections shown and described for wooden rods, for trusses, i.e. are only suitable for tension and compression rods. In the prior art, such as Fig. 3 in the EP 0 159 452 A1 shows a specific, the connecting element adjusted in length and depth Recess in an additional step in the Beam parts are introduced.

All these connections have the considerable disadvantage assume that the systems built with it are complex to assemble are and also a multitude require of individual parts, which are also adapted in the rest and complex and often on site in assembly-unfriendly Positions must be mounted. That has as a result that these systems usually only from expert people to one of the vigorous loads permanent overall structure can be.

In addition to this trend, the building material wood in the Using the construction industry can be a problem in this industry second trend, namely creation of buildings, especially single-family houses To make own contribution more cost-effective and thereby residential property for larger sections of society to make it affordable. That is with the known ones Connection systems due to their dimensionally required Completion in specially equipped production facilities not possible.

The invention is therefore based on the problem of a Girders and a supporting structure created with it, its construction elements, especially composite anchors, connecting elements and connecting parts and a method for Manufacture of such carriers including a device to propose to insert the shear ties, which do not have the aforementioned disadvantages, themselves rather, they are characterized in particular by the fact that their Elements without complex additional measures in simple Way, preferably releasably assembled into a supporting structure can be.

This problem is solved according to the invention with the features each of the main claims of the groups mentioned at the beginning solved.

The inventive feature of targeted resetting the inserted tie anchor opposite the end of the beam, that leads to the so-called "forest" a much cheaper breakdown of traction into Ring tensile force as there is a flatter cone of force and one creates a larger circumferential surface for power transmission, on the other hand, the radially favoring a splitting externally directed force components over a larger circumferential surface can be recorded or derived.

When we speak of "wooden beams", everyone is Kind of wood support elements, including wood-containing ones Support elements meant, but preferably those which combine to form the following Anchors are suitable. These composite anchors, which are in wooden beams in that described and claimed in the following Be admitted in this way are characterized out that they have connectivity options - these are in diverse embodiments conceivable, one frontal, standardized internal thread as special has advantageously shown - provides that too 100% power transmission between the structural elements leads and a simple as well as time and cost saving Assembly - also in combination with others Materials - enables. Other advantages are the following description and claims.

If in the following spoken of "connecting element" is a spatially oriented component, preferably made of metal, especially steel, with angularly offset Connection options in three dimensions for the above Wood carrier meant. When "connection or Connection node "is a merger of several connecting parts.

In a preferred embodiment, there is Connection part consisting of two in the main level of the structure, for example the floors of individual storeys Building forms, lying, parallel slabs, namely a base plate and a spaced apart Headstock. Between these two plates, preferably perpendicular to these are so-called end plates arranged. Both basic, header and End plates each have different connection options for further connecting elements and / or Wood carrier on. This can be, for example Act holes that accommodate screw connections educational means are designed.

In the preferred embodiment, the End plates, a connection between wooden beams and connecting parts and between connecting parts to enable each other. In this way, a also forming a main plane of larger dimensions Structures are created. The base and top plate offer the possibility of being perpendicular to the main plane Coupling the extending support level forming wooden beams. These support levels can be walls, for example display within a building or through to it possible claddings expanded in a variety of ways while the main levels are the floor base represent.

For the connections between wooden beams and connecting parts is basically any kind of detachable Links; however, screw connections are preferred, because the required elements are standardized in each Hardware stores are available and are therefore custom-made spare what is positive on costs of the entire structure. The invention The structure can thus be easily, even from a layperson, put it together and make it possible for everyone Client, his home in a not insignificant Create scope yourself. There are only one small number of components required, namely the connecting parts, the wooden beams and means for Establish a connection between the wooden beams and the connecting parts, these means according to the invention can be integrated into the wooden support.

The invention proposes such means Composite anchor according to claim 18, which according to the subsequent claims in the described below can be designed and to a surprisingly simple and viable one Combination with diverse design options leads.

The proposal according to the invention, one of the so far known connection proposals completely different way for the first time enables a kind of "internal nailing", which opens up unpredictable uses. Apart from the possible, material-saving Shortening of the bearing loads Lanyard captivates the novel connection due to a simple structure that does not provide any additional securing Elements needed.

Fasteners for use on different Components, different in particular both in terms of shape as well as material, are in diverse Embodiments known. You come in particular of particular importance in construction systems to who are exposed to stresses, such as this is the case with buildings and the like. Have here different types of support systems prevailed both with regard to the materials to be used as even the most vigorous loads Must meet requirements. This applies primarily for the load capacity of the individual parts and the Overall structure - also taking into account the expediency as well as for the overall visual and detailed impression.

A typical example of the constructions mentioned here is the timber construction, where beams or the like. Support elements with each other to form stable wall, floor and / or roof structures. Come here different material combinations are also used, i.e. The material wood can be filled with concrete as well also combined with plastic or metal parts become. Solid wood, glulam are used for the material wood and other wood-based materials in question, whereby solid wood in the form of round timber, beams, squared timber, Boards and, more recently, crossbeams in Question that's relative to the size of their cross section absorb and transmit high forces in the Location.

Connections, especially in the area of the ends of these Components are developed in a variety of ways and put into practice been introduced. Let me give you an example specified some known options, e.g. across to the longitudinal axis of the beam in the area of tongue and groove connections driven dowels with bolts and additional Screw nails or nail connections with cover flaps or tenon with transverse hardwood dowels or recessed T-steel with dowels or pegs, in particular Scherzapfen and the like. More. Front connections can be known by a so-called Beam joint can be achieved by means of cross-directional dowel of special design the beam sides in the area of their ends on both sides with supporting parts for Power transmission are occupied.

All these connections have the considerable disadvantage that the systems built with it are very complex are, both in production - e.g. at Butt joints in the supporting parts to be connected Pins and grooves to be formed - as well as in terms of the large number of individual parts required, the rest adapted and complex and often on site in assembly-unfriendly Positions must be mounted. In addition, these known connection systems only realize so that they are visible to the outside unless in the relevant areas, e.g. in the Area of the tabs or dowel faces, would be additional Laminating measures made.

In an effort to at least alleviate these drawbacks, proposals have been made that have an end face Connection of the aforementioned support elements, in particular of wooden beams. This includes a dowel connection, who works with steel anchors, in wood materials be glued in. To do this, you must first face a milled be made to the dowel insert and glue there, with which a corresponding Attachment as a connection means brought. Apart from that because of the need a reliable adhesive layer and tool-related the depth of the cut and thus the length of the dowel and thus again the load-bearing capacity, especially the tensile strength the manufacturing effort is limited this composite system is not insignificant and requires additional steps in the manufacture of this Support element, namely the milling of a suitable face hole and then gluing one matching dowels.

In another known proposal, so-called Related anchors, which introduced transversely to the longitudinal axis of the support element Need rod dowels. This well-known system consists of five basic elements, namely dowels, Anchor body, casting compound, connecting screw and welding socket. This known system thus at least also the disadvantages indicated above, where additionally the filling with grout and the already Mention mentioned optical impairment are.

In EP 0 159 452 A1 there are node connections shown and described for wooden rods, for trusses, i.e. are only suitable for tension and compression rods. In the prior art, such as Fig. 3 in the EP 0 159 452 A1 shows a specific, the connecting element recess adapted to length and depth in an additional step in the beam parts be introduced. In addition, are in the front of the carrier special connection measures required, which the power transmission ratios are not reproducible and make it confusing.

The invention is characterized in particular by that without additional measures its elements optically are not recognizable, while the number of minimized individual parts required for this connection and the installation effort to a minimum Effort is reduced.

Advantageous embodiments of this surprisingly simple Solution concepts are in the subclaims specified. In addition to the simplicity of using the invention proposed, in particular by the claimed Installation of the new composite anchor achieved composite systems, are characterized by a reliable comparatively extraordinarily high efficiency of 100% off.

A "crossbar" is a bar that by cutting one or more tree trunks and Rotating the sections about their longitudinal axis and subsequent Connecting these parts to form a new beam, whereby by the then inside, originally the outer surface of the tree or trees forming curved surfaces are essentially centric opening that extends longitudinally through the crossbar.

By means of the one preferably provided according to the invention The use of a cross bar is surprising Advantages, which are in particular that in addition to Saving wood and minimizing shrinkage cracks with a more resistant outdoor area Connection element is arranged inside and thus based on the beam in the non-power transmitting Level (neutral fiber), which is actually statically unusual is, because it would be normal, for example, with the crossbar one connecting element in each of the four corners to provide, as well as known types of connection of Cross bars show, but not in the center. In the invention Composite system is the connecting element on a statically unusual level and is thus not exposed to any bending forces.

Furthermore, the invention makes itself in its preferred embodiment take advantage of the fact that a in the case of crossbeams already existing centric axially Recess used for inserting the composite anchor becomes. When using a glue binder, for example for the carrier according to the invention in an additional Work step at least one continuous groove-like groove in at least one support element part intended.

Depending on the dimensions and spatial conditions as well Stress requirements are varied, in detail considerable advantages with resulting configurations realizable. This applies to both the composite anchor itself as well as for the supporting elements, including both in terms of shape and material of the Anchor as well as the type of connection of the Support elements.

So the core of the composite anchor can be in its simplest Shape rod-shaped and the spines can be smoother Be designed surface. The core will be in further Design not straight, but wavy, this ensures an even safer hold with the result that the tie anchor is kept shorter can be. With this in mind, another improvement can be achieved in that the core surface is corrugated or provided with elevations. Also regarding the cross-sectional shape of the core are different Configurations possible; so the core can unite round, in particular circular cross section or a polygonal, especially square or triangular Have cross-section.

Also the connection options that at least one Core ends are provided in a variety of ways conceivable, with a front internal thread at least one core end was found to be particularly advantageous Has. In this internal thread, for example a threaded pin or the like. be screwed in, the additional connecting elements at its free end can wear or also hook, ball, button, loop-shaped or can be configured similarly. As part of the Invention, it is also possible to face the end of the core to provide an external thread or a threaded bolt with to form a smaller diameter than the core diameter. In addition, the composite anchor can be used in a at least one further component to be connected be inserted and if necessary also extend across the beam.

In the simplest embodiment, the mandrels are in one piece connected to the core and can be both irregular or evenly on the outer surface of the Core be distributed. Also in terms of their axial Orientation are different depending on the requirements Variants possible, with regard to the methods to be explained in detail below to insert the anchor in the support element at the Manufacture of the composite system for a maximum load possibility has shown to be advantageous the mandrel axes run perpendicular to the core longitudinal axis let, in particular half of the number of Mandrels in one direction and the other half in that point in the opposite direction.

If the mandrels are parallel to each other, results for the insertion (pressing in) of the composite anchor in the support elements the advantage is relatively less penetration forces to be applied. The thorns can on the outer surface of the core along its longitudinal axis in parallel rows can be arranged, the mandrels one Row offset to the thorns of at least one neighboring one Can stand in parallel.

While the number is specified in each of the two above Directional rows of thorns depending on requirements arbitrary, but with a diamond-shaped, in particular square cross section of the core four rows of mandrels pointing in one direction as proven to be advantageous, again two rows each are on one of the square side surfaces. The Rows of pins can also be straight and parallel to the core longitudinal axis, however, also run diagonally to this.

As already mentioned, the thorns are in their simplest Execution of a smooth surface; this can however, also be graded, with at least one Undercut is located on each mandrel, which is the mandrel can be formed all around. However, the surface can also designed similar to a drill nail be a circumferential, especially spiral bead have or be shaped like a sawtooth.

The mandrels are preferably connected in one piece to the core, which is particularly the case if the Cast anchor is cast and made of iron, for example, Malleable iron, cast steel, brass or aluminum; ceramic production is also possible. Can too the composite anchor according to the invention made of sheet metal become. Overall, there are manufacturing processes especially pressing, stamping, pressing, edging, Nibbling, milling, turning and / or suitable forming processes depending on the material and requirements.

As already mentioned, the composite anchor according to the invention a composite system possible with which an end Connection of support elements is to be created. The quasi internal nailing mentioned in this context the composite anchor in the support element is achieved that the or the composite anchor in the support element is inserted or pressed in or pressed in or become. The supporting elements in question are accordingly such that they consist of several sub-elements, like this for example with so-called crossbars the case is that of preferably four appropriately tailored Bar quarters with the skilled person, special alignment of the tree rings to each other be glued together to give a particularly high To achieve load capacity.

Although the invention is particularly useful when used of crossbeams has great advantages, other glued wooden components, such as normal beams, Glulam glue or the like use find in which the composite anchors during the manufacturing process be pressed in correctly. In the event of the also possible use in plastic and / or concrete beams, the composite anchor is preferred poured.

When we talk about "beams" or "beams", then it means any type of support element that is suitable for a network is provided.

For the alignment and position of the composite anchors are different Positions possible, usually everyone Beam receives an anchor at each end. For short bars or with the possible transverse insertion of the anchor in Beams can or the anchor (s) go through extend the entire beam length or thickness. A yourself Composite anchor extending across the beam is recommended among other things at crossing points, where a or several more bars, each with the front connected to the anchor located at the crossing point, be connected.

Due to the position of the composite anchor set back according to the invention the "Vorholz" mentioned, which the with the effect intended for the anchor is increased, i.e. this secures even more effectively against tearing out, and in Load case at the same time a more favorable distribution of Creates reaction forces in the area of the wearer and thus optimal connections.

Depending on the load, the person lies Composite anchor in at least one axis of symmetry; she can also be at a sufficient distance from the Side surface of the bar can be arranged in the draft zone. In addition, an arrangement is also advantageous several anchors one above the other in preferably parallel Alignment possible.

As already mentioned, the invention is suitable Compound system for diverse constructions, such as Wood-wood, wood-steel and / or wood-steel-concrete constructions, and of course also in combination with plastic as a supporting element and also in others than the previously specified material combinations of such Components made of composite materials.

With the invention leading to a 100% transmission efficiency leads in becomes economical and ecological advantageously saved considerable volume of wood, because the dimensions and cross sections of the woods, which are used in the respective constructions, can be kept slimmer. In addition, the Assembly of the constructions - also in combination different materials - very simple and time-saving. For example, there is no need for constructions, where wooden beams are used, the now due to their slimmer design with two workers can be lifted and moved, large and expensive hoists. The preparation of the invention Composite anchor is due to its simple structure also inexpensive and also industrial as a mass article rationally possible.

Building constructions using the previous lanyards only with considerable effort and often only are very difficult to implement, can be achieved through the high efficiency of the composite system according to the invention easier and cheaper and moreover in others, Realize forms not previously achieved.

The insertion of the composite anchor during the production process - Gluing with subsequent pressing the beam sections - is extremely accurate and under optical observation possible, which is the case with the previously known end connection proposals is not the case, because with these the dowel or anchor in a pre-drilled blind hole that cannot be seen insert and glued or not visible there must be dowelled crosswise. In contrast, the Invention the bar parts to a complete bar like this glued together that the insertion of the preferably before intermediate glue-immersed composite anchor takes place, e.g. if the two lower halves are one Crossbeams are glued, at what time then the tie anchor exactly, if necessary with the help simple laser techniques repeatable, even on the Can be positioned with millimeter precision. Once the Anchor is inserted accordingly, can be used to fix the position a pre-drilling of receiving openings for the anchor mandrels done, but this is not absolutely necessary; then the upper part of the bar, which in the case of a Cross bar again from two previously glued together There are wooden beam parts on the glued surface of the pressed on the lower half of the bar, at the same time the Anchor mandrels in the upper and lower part of the beam be pressed in or pressed; in the case of one too possible pre-pressing of the anchor in the lower half of the beam this is then up during the final gluing pressed to the final depth in the lower half of the bar. It is clear from this that for the introduction of the Composite anchor according to the invention in contrast to the state the technology takes practically no time.

As shown above, are suitable Crossbar excellent for the composite system according to the invention, since this is due to the appropriate Merging through the course of the outer Tree rings have an inner hollow channel in which the anchor core fits optimally.

Transport logistics are also made considerably easier, because by using the composite anchor according to the invention Large structures no longer prepared in the factory must be, but the individual parts on the construction site screwed to size and therefore by the following Transport facilitation Transport costs saved can be.

Due to the reliable 100% power transmission also make the static calculations easier and can regarding the use of certain materials and the dimensions to be provided easier typed and thus special statics easier in the future and thus also be created cheaper.

Ultimately, these advantages also come to the client in particular in the case of homes, and not only with regard to the production costs, but also due to the possibility of the simple composite system to be used in such a way that certain, if not even all related work on your own initiative can be executed.

The advantages mentioned open up for the invention Finally, the network system also includes those mentioned at the beginning New areas of application, e.g. in the Bridge construction.

The present invention also includes a rational one Process for the production of such a connecting element provided support elements, on this It should be emphasized that this procedure is by no means limited to anchors of the type described above but is also different for the introduction Anchors or connecting elements are suitable. A suitable device for performing the method in its basic concept in claim 97 with Refinements according to the subsequent claims specified.

The invention makes itself - with surprising and advantageous Effect - take advantage of the fact that in many Cases, support elements are made up of several parts, as is the case with crossbars, for example, which in a known manner with special fiber orientation composed of several "trunk parts", preferably are glued together and stand out through special distinguish favorable wearing properties. According to the invention is in the process of assembling the support element parts the introduction of the connecting element installed. However, it is also possible to apply the invention to others Support elements, such as glue binders and one-piece supports apply, the latter then first in sub-elements would have to be disassembled in order to subsequently To be able to proceed invention.

Cross bars are therefore particularly suitable for the invention, because of their special manufacturing method have a central recess, which is advantageous Implementation of the invention for the introduction of the connecting elements can be used, especially if it is a composite anchor according to the claimed type acts. When using other support elements corresponding recesses are first made, without the excellent properties of the to be created with the aid of the composite anchor according to the invention Structure suffered significant losses.

Fig. 1

zwei Anschlußteile mit Bohrungen als Anschlußmöglichkeiten;

Fig. 2

einen Zusammenschluß von vier Anschlußteilen mit daran befestigten Holz-Trägern, die in drei unterschiedliche Richtungen weisen;

Fig. 3

einen Ausschnitt aus einem Gesamttragwerk mit einer ausgeprägt dargestellten, relativ großflächigen Hauptebene, z.B. Stockwerksboden;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Tragwerks mit zwei Hauptebenen, zum Beispiel Stockwerksböden;

Fig. 5

eine Draufsicht auf einen Verbundanker;

Fig. 6

die zusammengeleimte untere Hälfte eines Kreuzbalkens längenmittig unterbrochen;

Fig. 7

das Kreuzbalkenteil gemäß Fig. 6 mit endseitig je einem eingelegten Verbundanker;

Fig. 8

einen weiteren Schritt im Herstellungsprozeß des Verbundsystems und zwar kurz vor dem Zusammenfügen der beiden geleimten Kreuzbalkenhälften;

Fig. 9

den fertiggestellten Kreuzbalken mit eingelegten Verbundankern und endseitigen Anschlußmöglichkeiten;

Fig. 10

eine der Fig. 8 entsprechende Darstellung am Beispiel eines Leimbinders;

Fig. 11

eine Einbausituation, bei der die Anker außerhalb der Mittellängsachse (asymmetrisch zum Balkenquerschnitt) eingelegt werden;

Fig. 12

eine Sprengbilddarstellung eines relativ kurzen Kreuzbalkens mit durchgehendem Verbundanker, in Schnittdarstellung, bei der das "Vorholz" nicht dargestellt ist;

Fig. 13a bis 13e

verschiedene Querschnittsformen der Ankerkerne;

Fig. 14

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Verbindungsknotens mit zwei im Winkel zueinander gehaltenen, abgeschnitten dargestellten Kreuzbalkenpaaren, von denen jedes aus zwei aufeinandergelegten Kreuzbalken mit je einem Verbundanker besteht;

Fig. 15

eine Draufsicht auf eine schematisch dargestellte Anlage;

Fig. 16

einen Teil einer Verbundstation einer Schrägzuführung als Teil der Anlage gemäß Fig. 1;

Fig. 17a und b

Einzelheiten der Schrägzuführung für Verbundanker; und

Fig. 18

die Verbundstation, im Querschnitt.

The invention is described in more detail below with the aid of the attached drawings, in which preferred possible embodiments are shown. Show it:

Fig. 1

two connecting parts with holes as connection options;

Fig. 2

an amalgamation of four connecting parts with attached wooden beams pointing in three different directions;

Fig. 3

a section of an overall structure with a pronounced, relatively large main level, for example floor;

Fig. 4

a perspective view of a structure with two main levels, for example floors;

Fig. 5

a plan view of a composite anchor;

Fig. 6

the glued lower half of a cross bar interrupted in the middle;

Fig. 7

the cross beam part according to FIG 6 with an inserted composite anchor at the ends;

Fig. 8

a further step in the manufacturing process of the composite system, shortly before the two glued crossbeam halves are joined;

Fig. 9

the finished crossbeam with inserted composite anchors and end connections;

Fig. 10

a representation corresponding to Figure 8 using the example of a glue binder;

Fig. 11

an installation situation in which the anchors are inserted outside the central longitudinal axis (asymmetrical to the beam cross-section);

Fig. 12

an exploded view of a relatively short crossbar with a continuous composite anchor, in a sectional view, in which the "fore" is not shown;

13a to 13e

different cross-sectional shapes of the anchor cores;

Fig. 14

a perspective view of a connecting knot with two cross bar pairs held at an angle to each other, cut off, each of which consists of two cross bars placed one on top of the other, each with a composite anchor;

Fig. 15

a plan view of a schematically illustrated system;

Fig. 16

part of a compound station of an inclined feed as part of the system according to FIG. 1;

17a and b

Details of angled feed for composite anchors; and

Fig. 18

the compound station, in cross section.

Fig. 1 shows two connecting parts 1, each of which a hexagonal base plate 2 and one parallel to it Assemble arranged hexagonal head plate 3. Perpendicular to and with each base plate 2 are each five rectangular end plates 4-1 to 4-5 connected, with the free top end edges of the head plate 3 firmly connected is. These plates preferably consist of Steel and are welded together.

As can also be seen in FIG. 1, reason 2, Head 3 and end plates 4-1 to 4-5 each have holes 5 on. These serve a connector 1 either with one or more further connection parts 1 a connection node - this would be here, for example possible via the end plates 4-1 and 4-5 - releasable too connect, or offer the option of a connection to provide additional structural elements.

2 is an assembly of structural elements a section of a supporting and supporting structure, with the four connecting parts 1 via their end plates 4-1 and 4-5 are linked such that each Base plates 2 and head plates 3 in the same direction point and the end plates 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4 connection options offer for wooden beams 6, which then the Main level and form parallel to basic 2 and Extend head plate 3. For example, the floor It only then needs to be built on one floor suitable cladding.

The end plates 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4 are arranged so that the e.g. detachably fastened by screws Wooden beams 6 each have an angle of 45 ° to one another lock in. The end plates 4-1 and 4-5 are each perpendicular to plates 4-2 and 4-4.

In the case shown in FIG. 2, in which the base plate 2 down and the head plate 3 up points, there are four wooden beams 6 in the main level at right angles to each other on the end faces of the connecting elements 1 attached. The connection between the connection node 1 and the wooden beams 6 about the composite anchors proposed by the invention (13) (shown by way of example in FIG. 5). These composite anchors make it extremely simple end connection of the wooden carrier 6 with the connecting parts 1, without the finished structure through visible Visually impair additional elements. details to the composite anchor and its installation options are given below.

On the head plates 3 of the connecting parts 1 are wooden supports 7 mounted perpendicular to the main planes forming wooden beams 6 are aligned and the Form support levels. The connection between the wooden beams 7 and the connection node are here in the executed in the same way as those previously described.

3 shows a section of an overall structure, in its outward-facing corner areas Connection parts 1 with holes 5 has a Attach any structural elements and thereby one Continue the construction of the structure in each possible way and direction possible. The main level the structure is made up of four connecting parts 1, the base plates 2 down and the top plates 3 facing up, central connecting node and by four at right angles mutually extending, star-shaped on the connecting nodes tapered wooden beams 6 formed. The wood carrier 6 are on the connection node in the same way attached, as already in connection with FIG. 2nd described, namely on the end plates 4-3 individual fasteners 1. At the outer end of the equally long wood carrier 6 is in turn a connector 1 attached via the end plates 4-3. On these outer connecting parts 1 are further wooden beams 8 connected via the end faces 4-2 or 4-4, that the carrier 8 each have two external connecting parts 1 connect with each other, so that here as Main plane is a square.

On the base plates 2 of the outer connection parts 1 are downward-facing wooden beams 9 attached, on which the main level can be supported. The wooden beams 9 form those arranged perpendicular to the main plane Support levels.

4 shows a completed version of a supporting structure, in which, in contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 3 the main levels of parallel to each other Carriers 6 are formed. Almost everyone has it Floor two main levels next to each other, so that when adjacent Levels in their opposite corner areas each two connecting parts 1 in the manner shown - in the assignment similar to that shown in Fig. 1 - are interconnected, from which it becomes clear that this system is expandable without it any modifications are required. The advantage of this version is, among other things, that the respective Ceiling construction with parallel to each other Ceiling beams are built, the one hand only need a very simple cut and on the other hand enable uniform feeding.

Of course, stiffening, diagonally running beams with suitably aligned Connection parts are attached.

On the wooden beams 6 of the main level, e.g. plates to be assembled; the head plates 3 offer the Connection elements 1 upward connection options. The same applies to any partitions in the support levels of the structure.

The head and base plates therefore provide for every assembly variation excellent investment space that the Assembly considerably easier, which ultimately only screwing requires that without specialist knowledge can be carried out.

5 shows a composite anchor 13 according to the invention Top view shown, in the version with octagonal core cross-section and with in parallel rows thorns 14 and 14a aligned with respect to one another. The front recess in the form of an internal thread 16 is also recognizable by dashed lines.

6 shows the lower half 11 of a cross bar - interrupted in the middle section by an abbreviated representation to achieve - the well-known from two glued together Partial beam pieces lla and llb. The course of the tree rings is schematic on the face drawn. Through the special assembly of the accordingly cut sections lla and llb results there is a groove-like groove 12 on the upper side.

According to FIG. 7 there are two according to the invention in this channel 12 Composite anchor 13 - in the embodiment shown at each end of the lower half of the beam 11 one - inserted, namely in the embodiment shown here with parallel and perpendicular thorns 14 on the Anchor core 15, the other end with a provided central recess 16 and opposite the beam end face is set back so that both ends so-called "Vorholz" A is created. In the previous one The description section was detailed in detail explains how the individual components the composite anchor 13 according to the invention designed and can be executed.

In the further course of the manufacturing process of the carrier then one is made up of two partial beam pieces 17a and 17b existing upper cross beam half 17 glued together and according to FIG. 8 from above on the 7 prepared lower crossbeam half 11 pressed and glued to it, the mandrels 14 - their "antipodes" are already shown in the illustration lower cross bar half 11 penetrated - into the upper Cross bar half 7 are pressed or pressed. How previously mentioned, pre-drilling the beam halves is recommended according to the composite anchor mandrel pattern.

After the pressing and gluing process is completed the composite system according to FIG. 9, in for clarification the two end anchors 13 were made visible with dashed lines. Furthermore 9 shows a possibility of an end connection on the composite anchors 13 in the form of a in the Internal thread provided recess 16 screwed Screw 18 with hexagon head. As with others Modifications are of course carried out both the front end of the anchor itself and the if necessary, attachment elements to be fastened to it possible. In particular, any composite anchor can be used perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, if necessary continuous internal threads, which are then corresponding further, direction-modifiable connection options, for example in the form of oblique and / or enable transverse threaded spindles.

10 and 11 show another possible application the invention, using the example of one Glue binders 11, 17, before inserting the composite anchor 13 already with the crossbar anyway existing gutter 12 by appropriate cutting Processing must be provided. Otherwise the apply measures described above for producing the finished Carrier 11/17 accordingly, with the difference opposite the crossbeam that the two in the glue binder Support halves 11 and 17 are built up in layers.

Fig. 11 shows a further variant in which the composite anchors 13 not arranged symmetrically in the beam cross section are, but off-center, what happens with certain Stress cases can prove to be advantageous, because then the anchor 13 depending on the load situation in the Zugzone can be placed so that a corresponding Influence on the connection point to derive the Supportive forces can be taken.

A relatively short crossbar 11/17 is short in FIG shown before completion of the composite system, the is provided with a continuous composite anchor 13, of which to simplify the illustration similar to that in 7, 8 and 9 only a series Mandrels 14 completely and the "Vorholz" not at all is shown while from the row to the adjacent Bevel - the core of what is shown here Composite anchor is square in cross section - just a few Mandrels 14a are shown for reasons of clarity are.

13 shows some possible core cross-sections, namely 13a shows a square core cross section 15a, wherein 13b schematically shows the insert in a bar 11/17 reproduces in front view.

13c shows an octagonal cross section 15b, while in FIG. 13d an annular cross section 15c and a triangular cross section 15d is shown in FIG. 13e is. 13 is the Connection possibility on the anchor 13 in the form of a Internal thread 16 indicated.

Furthermore, FIG. 13 shows a possibility of parallel alignment the spikes 14, each for Half vertically upwards and the other half opposite vertically down, in this case then the impression forces to join the two together Halves of the beam in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the mandrels 14 run. The triangular shape according to FIG. 13 can in particular recommend where the lower half of the carrier is evenly designed on the glue surface. Of course but could also with a triangular cross section downward mandrels 14 are provided.

14 shows the enormous variation possibilities particularly impressively the invention using the example of a special Node at which via an inventive Connection part 1 four cross beams 11/17 with each other are connected, two of which lie on top of each other are aligned in parallel and the two pairs in are at right angles to each other, as is typically the case in Corner area of a ceiling (see also Fig. 4) is the case. The composite anchors 13 - in each bar are explained in the Wise anchors provided - are for clarification in the illustrated embodiment over the bar end face shown outstanding; in practical use the bars are of course essential longer and the front of the anchor would be designed in this way be that in a simple manner, for example by only tighten the threaded heads or screws and nuts 18 attached to corresponding connecting parts 1 can be; which in this way in the in Fig. 14 illustrated embodiment made connection the bar 11/17 to the connector 1 is through the selected perspective view is not visible, however, especially considering the presentation 1 as well as 9 and 12 are readily apparent.

Fig. 14 also makes the particular advantage of the invention Connection parts 1 clearly, which thereby shows that the base plate 2, the head plate 3 laterally protrudes, so that thereby a support surface and at the same time Stop surface for the connected beams or carrier 11/17 is created, the one hand the At least reaction forces to relieve the tie anchors partially records and on the other hand aligned, angular orientations at least supported if not guaranteed at all, so that even laypeople can use it at an angle Buildings without extensive plumbing and handling of spirit levels create in a comparatively short time can.

The drawings illustrate only a few examples the possible embodiments on the one hand the simple Construction and secondly the extremely cheap and time-saving Production of the composite system, here again it should be emphasized that, as in the explanation of the drawing previous description executed, varied Modifications are possible without the scope of the Leaving invention.

einer aus einer Hobelanlage 21 mit einer Aufgabe 22 und einer Abgabe 23 bestehenden Hobellinie 24;

einer Paketaufgabe 25 für die Pressenlinie 26;

einem Mikrowellen-Durchlaufofen 27;

einer Verleimstation 28;

einer Umlade- bzw. Verbundstation 29;

einer Pressenstation 211;

einem Leimputzgerät 212;

sowie einer nachgeschalteten Ablage oder Abgabe 213.

15 shows a preferred possibility of a system for carrying out the method according to the invention, which essentially consists of the following parts or stations:

a planer line 24 consisting of a planer system 21 with a task 22 and a delivery 23;

a package task 25 for the press line 26;

a continuous microwave oven 27;

a gluing station 28;

a transfer station 29;

a press station 211;

a glue cleaner 212;

and a downstream filing or delivery 213.

The method for introducing at least one connecting element in a support element, below using the example a composite anchor 214 in a cross bar 215, is carried out as follows, for example:

The starting material for the cross beams 215 are wooden planks different cross-sectional dimensions, initially planed on all sides in the planing line 24, on the corresponding one Point beveled and then separated in the middle become. The resulting crossbeams 125 have any cross-sectional area. The resulting "Quarter wood" 216 then becomes that shown in FIG. 15 Production plant removed and one not shown drilling station supplied.

In this, the inside of 217 of quarter wood 216 of the crossbar 215 holes drilled in such a way that the resulting drilling pattern corresponds to the thorn pattern of the Composite anchor 214 corresponds. These boreholes can introduced anywhere along the quarter timbers 216 are preferred, but preferably at the ends at a distance from the end of the beam, so that the end product "Vorholz" arises, which has the effect intended with the anchor still increased, i.e. against this even more effectively Tear out secures and optimizes the cone of forces.

Although it is also possible to insert the tie anchor 214 into the prepared quarter timbers 216 without prior drilling pressing in brings the insertion of the anchor into a corresponding one Drilling pattern has the advantage that the wood fibers do not splice, hit more fiber with the thorns and thus the load-bearing capacity of the load-bearing elements considerably, e.g. about 25% is increased.

The quarter timbers 216 are then over the receptacle 25 fed to the press line 26, where they first in one Continuous microwave oven 27 are heated - as special Temperatures around 90 ° to 100 ° C are favorable proven. The subsequent one can be heated by this Gluing process can be shortened considerably.

On the way to the gluing station 28, the quarter timbers 216 moistened along the later glue joints 218 and then glued in the gluing station 28. The glue will applied by means of rotating nozzles by change the distance from the wooden surface and the speed enable exact dosing.

In the reloading or compound station 29 each four pretreated in accordance with the above statements and drilled quarter timbers 216 and at least one composite anchor 214 to at least one connecting element having crossbar 215 composed. That can even done by hand, using the bottom two quarter timbers 216a, 216b into a preform, not shown be placed, the compound anchor or 214 in one Glue pot dipped and into the hole pattern (s) lower quarter timbers 216a, 216b is inserted or become. After that, the pre-treated accordingly and drilled top quarter timbers 216c, 216d on the lower quarter timbers 216a, 216b including the or Composite anchor (s) 214 fits exactly with those inserted there Hole patterns or the hole pattern introduced there on the Thorn image of the compound anchor (s) laid. The Inserting the tie anchor 214 is of course also mechanical possible, as follows with reference to FIG. 16, 17a, b and 18 will be explained.

16 shows the compound station 29 in a schematic, perspective side view. This station exists from a feed chute 219, which according to FIG for explanatory reasons at an angle of about 45 ° runs to the bottom and their rust-like bottom itself of several spaced in the feed direction Round bars 220 is formed. This form of feeding is chosen for the preferred case that as a composite anchor 214 those are used, which consist of a Core 221 with protruding spines 222, which then exist in the manner shown in Fig. 17b between the bars grip and thus be guided safely. The lean the feed chute 219 results from the fact that here on Example of a composite anchor 214 with a cross section square core 221 thus a support and alignment is created, in which then later in the Hole pattern to be introduced into the quarter bars 216 of the support element Mandrels 222 extend toward the bore.

In addition to the one previously explained, the compound station 29 also belongs Feed chute 219 only indicated by a double arrow A. Repeater 223, which is operatively connected with a stamp unit 224 (see FIG. 16). For Stamp unit 224 includes a stamp 225, which is shown in FIG Embodiment vertically up and down and its lower, free end face is the negative profile of the tie anchor 214. The repeater 223 is in a parallel orientation at the bottom of the feed chute 219. Grips in operation the compound anchors 214 individually and transferred them in the area below the stamp 225, which is the Composite anchor 214 through on the sides of its end faces arranged clamping devices 226 friction records. These clamps 226 are of this type designed that depending on the training of the end faces the tie anchor 214 either in there Engage recesses or located there embrace the above areas. As further from FIG. 16 can be seen, everyone remains during this handover Composite anchor 214 in the predetermined by the feed chute 219 Angular position, i.e. with the thorns 222 vertical aligned.

The stamp 225 then moves down, so that at least a compound anchor 214 with its spikes 222 in the Hole pattern of the prefabricated from two quarter bars 216a and 216b lower crossbeam half 216a, b inserted becomes. The device is set so that the stamp 225 only up to the upper face of the lower half of the beam 216a, b moves, i.e. so far that just thorns 222 completely immersed in the material are, but a destruction by pressing the Core 221 in the beam material cannot take place. Thus, through mutual association and interaction the feed chute 219, the repeater 223 and the stamp unit 224 an exact alignment and centering the tie anchors 214 relative to the guaranteed lower half of the beam 216a, b.

The process sequence according to the invention is - if the Connecting elements 214 in a support element made of softer To use material as the connecting elements 214 themselves are - even without pre-drilling the quarter bars 216 feasible. In this case, the stamp 225 must be like this be dimensioned such that an indentation of the mandrels 222 in the quarter bars 216 is possible.

The other function integrated into the overall process the multi-stage, automatic compound station 29 here 16 results from the illustration in FIG. 18. In the exemplary embodiment shown there is the compound station 29 from two main areas, which are divided by a pivotable or rotatable longitudinal path or receptacle 227 and a swivel mount 228 is formed. For this multi-stage compound station 29 can in the longitudinal direction distributed several feed chutes 219 (magazines) along with Stamp units 224 can be provided, which is a rational one simultaneous production of several support elements serves. For this purpose, the quarter timbers 216 in such Length processed that glued together from them Condition by separation across the longitudinal axis several Support elements 215 arise. The composite anchor 214 are arranged so distributed over the length that after the separation near or in the front End region of the individual support elements 215 each Composite anchor 214 is located.

One swivel longitudinal receptacle 227 of the compound station 29 consists of a rotatable about a longitudinal axis 229 Cross 231 with preferably four quadrants 232a, b, c, d.

As shown in Fig. 18, in the upper right Quadrant 232a the admission previously described or pressing the tie anchor 214 into one prefabricated lower crossbeam part 216a, b instead. The quarter timbers 216a, 16b can already be glued and be pressed (glue hardening under pressure). there is the lower via a side pressure cylinder 233 Cross beam part 216a, b held in position.

As soon as the composite anchor (s) 214 in the lower half of the beam 216a, b is or are, it will Turnstile 231 counterclockwise (see bow arrow B) pivoted through 90 °, so that in the upper left quadrant 232b shown position is reached. To At this point, the left, parallel to Turnstile 231 aligned swivel mount 228 in similar to the lower beam half 216a, b composite, possibly already glued and pressed "upper" bar half 216c, d brought up and by corresponding swiveling clockwise (Arrow C) around the axis of rotation 234 in the middle Part of Fig. 18 shown position, so that the two beam halves 216a, b and 216c, d in opposite horizontal plane. By means of a the left swivel mount 228 firmly connected and thus the swiveling movements also performing further Printing cylinder 235 becomes the upper half of the bar 216c, d in the horizontal direction against the lower 216a, b pressed, with a on the left swivel mount 228 according to the double arrow D adjustable plate 236 provided is to adapt to different beam dimensions to allow. By actuating the pressure cylinder 235 becomes the "upper" bar half 216c, d to the right to the lower one until the mutual End faces 237 pressed so that the free-standing Mandrels 222 of the composite anchor 214 now also in the upper bar half 216c, d embedded or not existing hole pattern can be pressed in. Here are the beam surfaces 237 to be brought into contact with glue smeared.

The left, U-shaped swivel mount 228, one of which Side is formed by the adjustable plate 236 is then turned counterclockwise (arrow C) 90 ° pivoted about its axis of rotation 234, so that the im left part of FIG. 18 upright position is achieved. It is also clear from this that the printing cylinder 235 participates in the swivel movement.

The complete wooden beam 215 with an inserted composite anchor 214 will automatically turn into raised a press 211 in which the beams are glued. Happens in the embodiment described here gluing at press pressures of up to 210 bar every 5 minutes. Should not be a continuous microwave oven in the production line 27 be arranged, is a longer pressing necessary, what in special, several Beam-receiving press stations are carried out can.

After gluing, the crossbeams are cleaned 215 in the glue cleaning machine 212.

It turned out to be particularly advantageous Cross beam pieces 215 with a length of one meter and to produce a composite anchor 214 inserted at the end, two of them on one Finger jointing line by inserting any long crossbeam intermediate piece that does not have a composite anchor 214, to any length of support element with connection options on each side become. Also inserting two spacers, So performing three finger jointing steps is possible. Basically Beams up to 12 meters in length can be produced at for example cross sections of 10 x 10, 10 x 20 or 12 x 24 cm.

After the adhesive has fully hardened, any known further processing steps possible, such as planing or chamfering or other machining or preparation for assembly.

The system described above provides with its process steps only one way of making the carrier according to the invention; in particular can Parts omitted, supplemented, replaced and / or to, the respective Adapted to conditions, new production lines be combined.

Essential for the composite anchor technology according to the invention are the following procedural steps:

In particular, crossbar quarter bars or already glued and precisely grooved cross-beam half-timber, which previously glued together from two cross-beam quarter bars in a CNC-controlled automatic drilling machine at a defined position and precisely according to the Composite anchor mandrel pattern are predrilled.

The preferably one-sided beforehand to approximate finished length and pre-cut on the other side to the exact finished length Crossbeam quarter timbers or crossbeam half timbers run under a gluing station, for example through, behind which the composite anchors dipped in glue be inserted into the hole pattern.

In the press, the crossbeams with inside Bonded anchors glued and then dimensionally accurate to the exact finished size cut or trimmed. After this The process becomes a fine planing of the outer surfaces performed. It turns out that with an optimal arrangement successive production steps Finishing steps on the accurate trimming the wooden beam and the final all-round planing limit the finished crossbar.

The use of glue binders is also possible, in which Due to the multi-layer, several composite anchors placed one above the other in a bar can, similar to the conception of several with one Composite anchors, arranged one above the other Crossbar (see Fig. 14).

This opens up countless possible variations to the installation of cross beams with internal ones Composite anchors with not only comparable to steel construction, but especially with regard to fire protection even superior dimensional stability. By the aforementioned exact longitudinal determination of the position of the composite anchors combined with the very exact possible exact Determining the crossbar opening will be a flawless Possibility of connection to structurally essential components, e.g. created at steel nodes according to the invention.

Claims (96)

1. A wooden beam consisting of at least two supporting members at least partially made of wood, with a continuous hollow cavity in which there is at least one shear connector with connection options, characterized in that the outside end of the shear connector is set back with respect to the end face of the beam.
2. A beam according to claim 1, characterized by one shear connector (13) at each end of the beam (11/17).
3. A beam according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shear connector (13) extends throughout the entire length of the beam.
4. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the shear connectors at the ends are linked together by a rod arranged in the center of the beam.
5. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 4, characterized by a shear connector extending transversally through the beam (11/17).
6. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 5, characterized in that the shear connector(s) (13) lie(s) in the tension zone.
7. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 6, characterized in that the shear connector(s) (13) lie(s) in at least one plane of symmetry.
8. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 7, characterized in that the shear connector(s) (13) lie(s) asymmetrically.
9. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 8, characterized in that multiple shear connectors (13) are inserted into the beam (11/17) parallel to one another.
10. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 9, characterized in that it is used in wood-wood, wood-steel and/or wood-steel-concrete constructions as well as alike material combinations, optionally also including plastics.
11. A beam according to claim 10, characterized by any desired combination of materials for supporting members made of composite materials.
12. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 11, characterized by fastening options at he ends.
13. A beam according to claims 1 through 12, characterized in that it is a cross-beam.
14. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 13, characterized in that it is a glued girder, in particular a glued laminated girder.
15. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 14, characterized in that at least one forms the main planes and/or supporting planes.
16. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 15, characterized in that the shear connector (13) has an inside thread (16) and/or an outside thread.
17. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 16, characterized in that the shear connector (13) offers connection options in three dimensions with respect to the axis of the wooden beam.
18. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 17, characterized in that the shear connector (13) consists of a core (15) with projecting mandrels (14) and has at least one connection option in the area of at least one core end.
19. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 18, characterized in that the shear connector possesses a rod-shaped core (15).
20. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 19, characterized in that the shear connector possesses a straight core (15).
21. A beam according to one claims 1 through 19, characterized in that the shear connector possesses a wavy-shaped core.
22. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 21, characterized in that the shear connector possesses a core (15c) with a round cross section.
23. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 22, characterized in that the shear connector possesses a core (15c) with a circular cross section.
24. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 23, characterized in that the shear connector possesses a core (15a, 15b, 15c) with a polygonal cross section.
25. A beam according to claim 24, characterized in that the shear connector possesses a core (15d) with a triangular cross section.
26. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 25, characterized in that the shear connector possesses a corrugated core surface.
27. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 26, characterized in that the shear connector possesses a core surface having elevations.
28. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 27, characterized in that the shear connector possesses an inside thread (16) on at least one end of the core.
29. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 28, characterized in that the shear connector possesses a connection option, in particular an inside thread, running across the longitudinal axis of the core.
30. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 29, characterized in that the mandrels (14, 14a) are joined in one piece to the core (15) of the shear connector.
31. A beam according to claim 30, characterized in that the mandrels (14, 14a) are aligned parallel to one another.
32. A beam according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the mandrel axes run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the core.
33. A beam according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that half of the number of mandrels (14, 14a) point in one direction and the other half point in the opposite direction.
34. A beam according to one of claims 30 through 33, characterized in that the mandrels (14, 14a) are distributed uniformly over the outside surface of the core.
35. A beam according to one of claims 30 through 33, characterized in that the mandrels are distributed irregularly, in particular randomly, over the outside surface of the core.
36. A beam according to one of claims 30 through 35, characterized in that the mandrels (14, 14a) are arranged in parallel rows on the outside surface of the core (15).
37. A beam according to one of claims 30 through 36, characterized in that the mandrels (14) of one row are offset relative to the mandrels (14a) of at least one nearby parallel row.
38. A beam according to one of claims 33 through 37, characterized in that four rows of mandrels face in one direction in each case.
39. A beam according to one of claims 36 through 38, characterized in that the rows of mandrels run in a straight line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core.
40. A beam according to one of claims 36 through 38, characterized in that the rows of mandrels run diagonally.
41. A beam according to one of claims 30 through 40, characterized by a graduated surface of the mandrels (14, 14a).
42. A beam according to one of claims 30 through 41, characterized by at least one undercut on each mandrel (14, 14a).
43. A beam according to claim 42, characterized in that the undercut is designed to encircle the mandrel (14, 14a).
44. A beam according to one of claims 30 through 43, characterized by a spiral peripheral ridge on the surface of the mandrel.
45. A beam according to one of claims 30 through 43, characterized by a sawtooth mandrel surface.
46. A beam according to one of claims 1 through 45, characterized in that the shear connector is produced by casting.
47. A beam according to one of claims 18 through 45, characterized in that the shear connector is produced by pressing, punching, compressing, edging, nibbling, milling, lathing and/or forming.
48. A beam according to claim 46 or 47, characterized in that the shear connector is made of iron, cast iron, cast steel, brass, aluminum or ceramic and/or sheet metal.
49. A method of producing a beam according to one of claims 1 through 48, characterized in that

    at least two supporting member parts (11 and 17) that can be joined to form one unit are produced,

    at least one continuous groove-like channel is provided in at least one supporting member part,

    at least one shear connector is inserted into the groove of at least one supporting member in such a way that in the end product, the outer end of the shear connector is set back with respect to the end face of the beam, and

    the parts are joined together to form at least one supporting member, so that a continuous hollow cavity is formed.
50. A method according to claim 49, characterized in that the shear connector (13) is inserted, pressed and/or glued into the beam during the process of manufacturing the beam.
51. A method according to claim 49 or 50, characterized in that the supporting member is joined by combining four parts (11, 11b, 171, 17b).
52. A method according to one of claims 49 through 51, characterized in that the four parts all have essentially the same cross section.
53. A method according to one of claims 49 through 52, characterized in that a cross-beam is used as a supporting member.
54. A method according to one of claims 49 through 50, characterized in that a glued laminated girder is used as the supporting member.
55. A method according to one of claims 49 through 54, characterized in that several shear connectors (13), each consisting of a core (15) with projecting mandrels (14, 14a), is introduced into each supporting member (11/17).
56. A method according to claim 55, characterized in that boreholes are introduced into the supporting member parts in such a way as to form a pattern of holes corresponding to the mandrel pattern of the shear connector.
57. A method according to claim 55 or 56, characterized in that the shear connector (13) with its mandrels (14) is inserted into the boreholes, and then the remaining parts (17a, b) which are also provided with boreholes and would be necessary for a supporting member are attached, with the mandrels which are still free-standing being inserted into the boreholes of the remaining parts (17a, b).
58. A method according to one of claims through 57, characterized in that after achieving an essentially coaxial alignment of the shear connectors (13) with at least one of the supporting member parts, its mandrels (14) are pressed into the supporting member part(s) (11), and then the remaining parts (17) required for a supporting member are joined to it, with the mandrels (14) which are still free-standing then being pressed into the remaining parts (17).
59. A method according to one of claims 49 through 58, characterized in that the supporting member parts (11, 17) are heated.
60. A method according to one of claims 49 through 59, characterized in that the supporting member parts (11, 17) are moistened and/or glued to one another and to the connecting element (13).
61. A method according to claim 60, characterized in that the glue is cured under pressure.
62. A method according to one of claims 55 through 61 characterized in that the cross section of the recess corresponds essentially to that of the shear connector core (15).
63. A method according to one of claims 55 through 62, characterized in that the supporting member parts, in particular cross-beam quartered timbers or cross-beam half timbers, which have already been accurately hollowed out and glued, are predrilled in a CNC-controlled automatic drill at defined locations according to the mandrel pattern on the shear connector.
64. A method according to one of claims 55 thorough 63,
    characterized in that the supporting member parts are precut to the exact finished length on at least one end, then are passed through a gluing station and, after gluing, the shear connectors coated with glue are inserted into the pattern of holes.
65. A method according to claim 63 or 64, characterized in that the glued laminated girders or cross-beams (11/17) with the shear connector core (13) on the inside are glued, preferably under the influence of heat, and then cut or trimmed accurately to the finished dimensions.
66. A method according to claim 65, characterized in that the outside surfaces are finely planed.
67. A method according to one of claims 60 through 66, characterized in that several layers are glued together with shear connectors (13) inserted between them.
68. A method according to one of claims 49 through 67, characterized in that the desired length of the supporting members is achieved by joining two supporting members, each provided with a shear connector at one end, optionally with at least one intermediate piece of any length.
69. A method according to claim 68, characterized in that the supporting member is joined to the intermediate piece(s) by means of finger jointing.
70. A supporting framework with at least one beam according to one of claims 1 through 48 with at least one main plane and at least one supporting plane at an angle to the former, characterized by wooden beams (6 through 9; 11/17) arranged in the planes according to one of claims 1 through 48.
71. A supporting framework according to claim 70, characterized by several parallel main planes with supporting planes of the building arranged between and perpendicular to the main planes.
72. A supporting framework according to claim 71 or 72, characterized by spatially oriented connecting parts (1) which have possibilities for angle-offset, detachable connection for at least two wooden beams (11/17) in the three dimensions.
73. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 72, characterized in that the connecting part has at least one base plate (2) in one of the main planes of the supporting framework or parallel to it and at least one top plate (3) at a distance from the base plate (2) and parallel to it.
74. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 73, characterized in that the base plate (2) projects beyond the top plate (3) at the side.
75. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 74, characterized in that end plates (4) are arranged between the base plate (2) and the top plate (3), perpendicular to them and at an angle to one another.
76. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 75, characterized in that the base plate (2) and the head plate (3) are hexagonal.
77. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 76, characterized in that the end plates (4) are quadrilateral.
78. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 77, characterized in that the end plates (4-1 and 4-5) are arranged perpendicular to the end plates (4-2 and 4-4).
79. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 78, characterized in that the end plates (42, 4-3 and 4-4) are arranged at an angle of 135° to one another.
80. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 79, characterized by connection options for the wooden beams (6) in the base plate (2), the top plate (3) and the end plates (4).
81. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 80, characterized in that the base plate (2), the top plate (3) and the end plates (4) are welded together.
82. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 81, characterized by boreholes (5) which accommodate fastening elements as connection options.
83. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 82, characterized in that the end plates (4) are aligned with the side edges (S) of the base plate (2) ant the top plate (3) running parallel one above the other.
84. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 82, characterized by several connecting parts (1) joined together preferably at the ends.
85. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 84, characterized in that the base plate (2) and the top plate (3) have connection options for wooden beams (6) running in the supporting planes.
86. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 85, characterized in that the end plates (4) have connection options for wooden beams (6) running in the main planes.
87. A supporting framework according to one of claims 70 through 86, characterized in that several beams (6) running parallel to one another are arranged as a ceiling construction in the main planes.
88. A supporting framework according to claim 87, characterized in that the floors are made only of beams (6, 8) running parallel to one another.
89. A device for inserting a shear connector into a supporting framework by means of the method according to one of claims 49 through 69, characterized by a transfer and joining station (29) where prepared supporting member parts (216) are joined and at least one connecting element (214) is inserted, a planing installation (21) for producing the groove, a gluing station (28) and a press station (211).
90. A device according to claim 89, characterized by a drilling station.
91. A device according to one of claims 89 or 90, characterized by a continuous microwave oven (27).
92. A device according to one of claims 89 through 91, characterized by a glue cleaning device (212).
93. A device according to one of claims 89 through 91 characterized in that the transfer station and/or multi-stage joining station (29) has at least one feed chute (219) for the connecting elements (214) and at least one multifunctional supporting device (227) for supporting member parts.
94. A device according to one of claims 89 through 93, characterized in that the joining station (29) includes a magazine with a feed chute (219) and a repeating unit (223) provided at the end of it.
95. A device according to one of claims 89 through 94, characterized by a multiple-part joining station (29) whose supporting parts (227, 228) running parallel in the longitudinal direction are mounted so they can rotate about their longitudinal axes (229 and 234).
96. A device according to one of claims 89 through 95, characterized in that the rotatably mounted supporting parts (227, 228) are coordinated with one another in their rotational positions, and in preselected positions they permit supporting member parts to be joined in interaction with one another.

Images