JP2001508848A

JP2001508848A - Support frame and its structural members

Info

Publication number: JP2001508848A
Application number: JP53366998A
Authority: JP
Inventors: モルツェ−ライヒャルツ，ジグランフォン
Original assignee: インデュオゲゼルシャフトツァフォルベルツングフォンシュッツレヒテンエムベーハーウントコンパニーカーゲー
Priority date: 1997-01-17
Filing date: 1998-01-17
Publication date: 2001-07-03
Also published as: ES2161037T3; ATE202398T1; DK0953088T3; EP0953088A1; WO1998031889A1; EP0953088B1; CA2278184C; EP0953088B9; CA2278184A1; GR3036673T3

Abstract

In order to easily assemble a supporting structure, preferably in a detachable manner from easily handled elements, without having to take extensive additional measures, the invention provides for a wooden beam construction comprising connecting elements (13) fitted into the individual beams (11/17) and assembled with at least one connecting part (1).

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】支持骨組とその構造部材本発明は支持部材およびその構造部材用の木げたに係わり、該木げたが連続する中空の間隙を有し、少なくとも一部が木製の、連結されて１ユニットを形成する少なくとも２つの支持部材からなる、中空の間隙内の連結オプションを有する少なくとも１個のシャー・コネクタ（shear connector）を有し（請求の範囲第１項から第１７項）、並びにシャー・コネクタ自体（請求の範囲第１８項から第４８項）、少なくとも１つの前記木げたで製造できる支持骨組（請求の範囲第７０項から第８８項）および少なくとも１個のシャー・コネクタを支持部材内に挿入するための装置（請求の範囲第８９から第９６項）に関する。支持骨組は多くの分野で公知である。ここでは単なる一例として建物の建築から橋梁の建設まで多くの分野で使用されるスチールおよび鉄筋コンクリート製の骨組構造を説明する。しかし、これらの支持骨組構造の欠点は、製造コストが極めて高いこと、例えば組立てには一般に極めてコストが高い溶接工事、およびそれに続くコンクリート打ち込み作業が伴うこと、および、必要な異なる個々の部品数が多いことであり、これも複雑な手順で対処して組立てなければならない。更に、このような支持骨組構造は専門家しか製造できない。過少評価してはならない別の欠点は、公知の支持骨組では個別部品を互いに取り外し不能に接合しなければならず、従って反復利用は問題外であり、必要に応じて常に修理しなければなず、膨大な費用がかかることである。最近、建設産業では一戸建て住居の建設の材料として木材、または木材をベースにした材料が益々使用される傾向が顕著である。この分野では多様な支持システムが採用されて好結果を得てきた。一枚物の木材、接着ラミネートばり、およびその他の木材をベースにした材料、並びに横げたが使用され、これらは断面積が同サイズである場合、より大きい力を吸収し、伝達することができる。特にこれらの木製の構造部材の端部領域で使用される継手にはこれまで多様な提案がなされてきた。ここで挙げることができる例には、さねはぎの領域でけたの縦軸にボルトおよび補助的なねじクギで打ち込まれるだぼ、またはフランジ頭くぎ継手、または交叉打ち込みされた硬木だぼを使用したほぞ、またはだぼやほぞ、特に二又ほぞあな、およびほぞ継手等を使用した埋設式のスチール製Ｔ形鋼、などが含まれる。これらの全ての継手には、これらを使用して組立てるシステムの組立てコストが高く、更にしばしば現場で、多大な努力をもって、アクセスできない場所に取付け、組立てなければならない多数の個別部品を必要とするという大きな欠点がある。その結果、これらのシステムも通常は、力と負荷に耐えられる全体的な支持骨組を形成するには専門家によってしか組立てられない。建設産業での木材の使用頻度が高まっているこの傾向に加えて、この産業分野には別の傾向がある。すなわち、個人的な努力で低コストで建物、特に一戸建て住居を建設し、ひいては社会のより多くの人々が持ち家に手が届くようにするという傾向である。これは公知の継手を使用しては不可能であるが、それはこれらの継手は特別装備の製造工場で精密に製造されなければならないからである。従って、本発明の目的は支持骨組、その構造部材、特に継手部材および連結部品を提案すること、並びに、上記の欠点がなく、むしろ、複雑な補足手段を必要とせずに容易に組立てることができ、好適には取り外し可能に支持骨組を形成できることを特徴とする上記のような支持骨組、特にそのけたの製造方法を提案することにある。上記の目的は本発明に基づいて、主請求の範囲の特徴を有する支持骨組によって達成される。ここで“木げた”と述べる場合、木材を使用した支持部材を含むいかなる種類の支持部材をも意味するが、好適には後述のシャー・コネクタを有する継手に適した支持部材であるものと理解されたい。後述され、請求の範囲に記載されている態様で木げたに埋め込まれたこれらのシャー・コネクタの特徴は、支持骨組部材間での力が１００％伝達され、かつ他の材料と組合わせた場合でも簡単で、時間がかからず、低コストでの組立てが可能になる連結が可能になることである。 −これらには多くの実施例が考えられるが、端面での標準化された内ねじが特に有利であることが実証されている。その他の利点は以下の説明と、請求の範囲に記載されている。以下で“連結部材”という場合、好適にはスチール製、特に前述の木げた用の三次元の角オフセット連結オプションを有する空間的に配向された構造部品を意味するものと理解されたい。後述の“接合または連結節点”とは複数の連結部品の接合を意味する。好適な実施例では、連結部品は支持骨組の主要面に位置する２枚の平行な平板からなっており、これは例えば建物の個々の階層の床、すなわち底板と、これとは間隔を隔てた上板をも形成している。いわゆる端板がこれらの２枚の平板の間に、好適には前記平板に対して垂直に配置されている。底板、上板および端板はそれぞれ更に付加の連結部材および／または木げたと異なる態様で連結することができる。これらの平板は例えばねじ連結を形成するための手段を受入れるための穴を有していてもよい。好適な実施例では、端板は木げたと連結部品とを連結し、かつ異なる連結部品どうしを連結できるようにする。このようにして、寸法が大きい主要面を形成する支持骨組を組立てることが可能である。底板と上板とによって、支持面を形成し、主要面に対して垂直に延びる木げたを接合することが可能である。これらの支持面は例えば、建物の内側の壁でもよく、または多様に可能な形態でパネル張りして壁を形成するように延長し、一方、主要面はその階の床の底面を形成するようにしてもよい。木げたと連結部品との接合には基本的にどの種類の取り外し可能な継手でも適しているが、ねじ連結が好適である。というのは、必要な部材がどの建設市場でも標準部品として市販されており、従って特別の製造工程が不要であるため、支持骨組全体のコストに有利に作用するからである。このように、本発明に基づく支持骨組は素人でも容易に組立ることができ、建物のオーナーは誰でも相当の範囲まで自分の家を建設することができるようになる。少数の異なる建築部品、すなわち、木げたおよび、木げたと連結部品とを接合するための手段しか必要なく、これらの手段は本発明に基づいて木げたと一体に形成されている。上記の手段として本発明は請求の範囲第２８項に記載の連結部材を提案しており、これは後述するように、それ以降の請求の範囲に記載のような設計にすることができるシャー・コネクタであり、多様に可能な実施態様の驚く程簡単な荷重を支持する継手になる。異なる建築部材、すなわち特に形状と材料に関して異なる建築部材で使用するための連結部材は多様な実施態様のものが公知である。これらは例えばビル等の場合のように特に大きい荷重がかかる建築システムで特に重要である。その点で多様な種類の支持システムが好結果を示しており、更に使用される材料、および耐えなければならない力と荷重に関する様々な基準を満たすものでなければならない。このことは主として個々の部品および全体的な構造の荷重支持力に関して当てはまり、更に全体的な見かけの印象および細部の良好さも考慮に入れられる。ここに記載する建造物の代表例は、けたまたは同類の支持部材が互いに接合されて荷重支持壁、床および／または屋根支持骨組を形成する木造建物であろう。材料の多様な組合わせも可能である。すなわち、建築材料としての木材を充填成分としてのコンクリートと組合わせてもよく、プラスチックまたは金属部品と組合わせてもよい。木材は一枚物の木材、接着ラミネートばり、およびその他の木材でよいが、丸太、けた、角材、ボード、および最近では横げたはその断面のサイズと比較して相対的に大きい力を吸収し、伝達できるので、これらを使用してもよい。継手、特に建築部材の端部領域での継手が開発され、多様な形態で実際に導入されている。ここで一例として幾つかの公知の可能性について触れておくと、例えばさねはぎの領域でけたの縦軸にボルトおよび補助的なねじクギで打ち込まれるだぼ、またはフランジ頭くぎ継手、または交叉打ち込みされた硬木だぼを使用したほぞ、またはだぼやほぞ、特に二又ほぞあな、およびほぞ継手等を使用した埋設式のスチール製Ｔ形鋼などである。端部の連結もいわゆるけた突き合わせ継手によって公知の方法で達成可能であり、この場合、けたの側面は特別設計の横だぼによって力を伝達するために端部領域の両側の支持部品で覆われている。全ての継手には、これらで構成したシステムの製造コストが極めて高いというかなりの欠点がある。その理由は例えば、突き合わせ継手の場合に接合される支持部品にほぞおよび溝を成形しなければならないこと、およびしばしば現場で、時間がかかり、コストが高い作業で、アクセスできない場所に取付け、組立てなければならない多数の個別部品を必要とするということである。加えて、これらの公知の継手は、例えばだぼのフランジ頭または端面の領域のようなそれぞれの領域で付加的な積層手段を実施しない限り、外側から見えるようにしか実施できない。これらの欠点を少なくとも最小限にする試みで、特に木げたで前述の支持部材用の端部継手を使用することが提案されてきた。それには木材に接着されたスチール製のシャー・コネクタと連動するだぼ継ぎが含まれている。そのためには、先ずだぼを挿入し、そこに接着するための皿穴領域を形成して、だぼが連結手段としての適宜の取付け部材と係合できるように端部をえぐらなければならない。信頼性がある接着層を設ける必要があり、かつ工具やダイに制限されることで、皿穴領域の深さ、ひいてはだぼの長さ、ひいては他方では荷重支持力、特に引張り強さが限定されるということ以外にも、この継手シスチムの製造コストは相当なものであり、この支持部材を製造するには追加の労働工程、すなわち端面に適宜の穴をえぐり、次にその中に適宜のだぼを接着するという工程が必要である。別の公知の提案では、支持部材の縦軸にだぼを挿入する必要があるいわゆるシャー・コネクタが必要である。この公知のシステムは５つの基本部材からなっている。すなわち、だぼ、シャー・コネクタ本体、鋳込み成分、連結ねじ、および溶接スリーブである。このように、この公知のシステムには少なくとも前述の欠点があるが、加えて、鋳込み成分の充填、および前述の見かけを損なうという欠点もある。本発明は特に、いかなる付加手段を必要とせずに部材が見えないようにし、同時に、この連結に必要な個々の部品数が最小限であり、かつ取付けのための努力とコストが最小限であるという特徴を備えている。これらの驚く程簡単な解決方法の有利な実施例の特徴は、従属の請求の範囲に記載されている。本発明で提案されている連結システムは特に請求の範囲に記載の新規のシャー・コネクタを使用するために簡単であることに加えて、これらのシステムは１００％の著しく高い効率を特徴としている。ここで使用される“横げた”という用語は、１つ以上の樹幹を縦に割り、縦軸を中心に部品を回転させ、次にこれらの部品を接合して、その時点では内側にあるが、元は木（単数または複数）の外表面を形成していた湾曲面が横げたを貫いて縦に延びるほぼ中心の開口部を形成する、新しいけたを形成することによって製造されるけたのことを意味するものと理解されたい。本発明に基づいて提供される横げたを使用することによって、驚くべき利点が得られる。それは特に、木材を節約でき、収縮による亀裂が最小限に抑えられることに加えて、同時に外側の領域の耐性が強化され、連結部材は内側に配置されており、ひいては、けたに基づいて力を伝達しない面（中性繊維）内にあるという利点である。これは実際には静力学的には一般的ではないものであり、その理由は、通常はその代わりに例えば公知の種類の横げた継手にも見られるように、横げたの４隅に各々１つの連結部材が設けられているが、中心には設けられていないからである。本発明の接合システムでは、連結部材は静力学的な観点からは一般的ではない面に位置しており、従ってそれ自体には曲げ力が加わらない。加えて、連結部材を挿入するために、いずれにせよ横げたに存在する中心の軸方向の溝が利用されており、これに対して従来の技術では、連結部材の長さと深さに合わせた特別の溝を追加作業でけた部品に形成しなければならないという事実を本発明では利用している。最後に、本発明に伴うその他の特徴、すなわち挿入された連結部材が木げたの端面と比較して特殊に後退しており、いわゆる“前面木材構造”になっていることにより、より一層好適に引張り力が環状の引張り力へと分散される。何故ならば、それによって力の円錐が浅くなり、かつ力の伝達のための周囲面がより大きくなり、他方では、ヒワレを促進する半径方向外側向きの分力が、より大きい周囲面の領域に吸収され、または分散されることができるからである。従前に提案された接合方法とは全く異なる本発明に基づく提案によって、先ずある種の“内クギ”が可能になり、ひいては以前には予測できなかった利用の可能性への道が開かれる。荷重を吸収する連結手段が短くなり、材料が節減されることとは別に、本発明に基づく新規の継手はいかなる付加的な固定部材を必要としない簡単な設計を特徴としている。寸法および空間的な条件、並びに荷重の基準に応じて、多様な設計を施工することができ、その幾つかには顕著な利点がある。これはシャー・コネクタ自体と共に支持部材にも当てはまる。すなわち、シャー・コネクタが製造される材料と形状、および支持部材の連結方法に関しても当てはまる。かくして、最も簡単な形式でのシャー・コネクタの芯材は棒の形式でよく、心棒を平滑な表面で設計してもよい。別の実施例で、芯材が直線的にではなく、波形または起伏状に設計されている場合、それによって更に確実な保持状態が得られ、その結果、シャー・コネクタをより短く保つことができよう。この意味で、芯材の表面に溝または隆起を設けることによって、更なる改良を達成することができる。芯材の断面形状に関しても多様な異なる実施例が可能である。例えば、芯材は丸い断面、特に円形の断面を有していてもよく、または多角形の断面、特に方形、または三角形の断面を有していてもよい。芯材の少なくとも１端に備えられた連結可能性も、考えられる多くの方法で設計することができるが、芯材の少なくとも１端の端部に内ねじを設けると特に有利であることが実証されている。例えば、ねじ付きステムまたはその類似物を前記の内ねじにねじ込んでもよく、または自由端に連結部材を有していてもよく、または自由端をフック、ボール、ノブ、はと目等として設計してもよい。本発明の範囲内で、芯材の端部に外ねじを設けるか、または端部に成形された芯材の直径よりも小さい直径のねじ付きピンを設けることも可能である。加えて、シャー・コネクタを少なくとも１つの別の構造部品に接合される構造部品内に挿入し、オプションとしてけたを貫いて横にも延びるようにしてもよい。最も簡単な実施例では、心棒が芯材と一体に接合され、これらが芯材の外表面上に均一に、または不規則に配分されるようにしてもよい。所定の基準に応じて軸方向の配向に関しても異なる変化形が可能であるが、シャー・コネクタを後に詳述する支持部材へと挿入する方法に関しては、連結システムの製造に際して心棒の軸が芯材の縦軸に対して垂直に延びるようにし、特に心棒の半数が１方向に延び、別の半数が逆方向に延びるようにすることが有利であることが実証されている。心棒が互いに平行な向きにあると、シャー・コネクタを支持部材内に挿入（圧着）する際に、加えられる力が比較的少なくて済むという利点が得られる。心棒を芯材の縦軸に沿って平行な列として芯材の外表面上に配置し、１列の心棒は少なくとも１つの隣接する平行な列の心棒に対してオフセットにしてもよい。前述の２つの方向のそれぞれを向いた心棒の列の数は必要に応じて変更できるが、芯材の断面を菱形にし、または特に、芯材の断面を方形にして、この場合も方形の各側面に２列づつ１方向を向いた４列にすることが有利であることが実証されている。加えて、心棒の列は真っ直ぐに、かつ芯材の縦軸と平行に延びていてもよいが、芯材に対して対角線方向に延びていてもよい。前述したように、最も簡単な実施例では、心棒は平滑な表面を有している。しかし、各心棒に少なくとも１つの逃げ溝を設けて表面を段付きにしてもよく、この逃げ溝は心棒を囲むように設計される。しかし、表面を周囲リッジ、特に螺旋状のリッジを有するドリル・クギのように設計してもよく、またはのこ歯状の形状にしてもよい。特にシャー・コネクタが例えば鋳鉄、焼なまし鋳鉄、鋳鋼、真鍮またはアルミニウム製である場合に、心棒が芯材と一体に接合されることが好適である。シャー・コネクタをセラミック製にすることも可能である。本発明に基づくシャー・コネクタは板金でもよい。全般的に、適宜の製造方法には材料と基準に応じて、特にプレス加工、打ち抜き加工、圧縮成形、エッジング、ニブリング、フライス加工、旋盤加工および／または適宜の成形方法が含まれる。前述のように、本発明に基づくシャー・コネクタによって端面で支持部材と連結できる連結システムを製造することができる。この点に関連して前述したように支持部材内にシャー・コネクタを程度の差はあれ内クギ状に挿入することは、シャー・コネクタ（単数または複数）が支持部材内に挿入、圧着、または押し込みすることで達成される。このように、当該の支持部材は、例えば当業者には公知の態様で年輪が特定の向きの、あるサイズに切断された好適には１／４のけたを互いに接合して、いわゆる横げたを形成する場合と同様に、複数の合成部材からなるように設計され、それによって特に高い荷重支持力が達成されるようにする。本発明の特徴は、特に横げたを使用した場合の大きな利点にあるが、標準形のけた、接着ラミネートばり等の他の接着木材の構造部材を使用し、製造工程中に適宜の位置にシャー・コネクタを圧着することもできる。プラスチックおよび／またはコンクリートのけたを使用することも可能であり、その場合はシャー・コネクタは好適にはけた内に鋳込まれる。ここで“けた”または“はり”という用語を用いる場合、複合継手向けの任意の支持部材を意味するものと理解されたい。シャー・コネクタの向きと位置には多様な位置決めが可能であり、通常の場合は各々のけたは各端部てで１個のシャー・コネクタを受ける。より短いけたの場合、またはシャー・コネクタをけた内に横向きに挿入することも可能であるが、その場合は、シャー・コネクタ（単数または複数）はけたの全長または厚み全体に延びていてもよい。交叉点でけたを通して横向きに延びるシャー・コネクタも推奨されるが、その場合は、１つ以上の別のけたが連結され、各々が端部で交叉点に配置されたシャー・コネクタに接合される。第１の実施例では、シャー・コネクタもしくは芯材は端部でけたの端面と位置合わせされる。接合の種類に応じて、シャー・コネクタの芯材をけたの端面を越えて突出させることも得策であるが、これはいずれにせよ、外ねじ、またはねじ付きピンを取付けたり、完結鋳型の場合に、例えばノブ棒の形式の、または例えば横向きの内ねじによる横連結のオプションを介して突起した部材を利用するための便宜的な場合である。しかし、他方では、好適な代替実施例では、シャー・コネクタを後退位置にすることも可能であり、それによっていわゆる“前面木材構造”が形成され、それによって更にシャー・コネクタで達成される効果が高められる。すなわち、シャー・コネクタを引き抜きを防止するように固く固定し、同時に、荷重がかかる場合にはりの端部領域で反力がより良好に配分され、ひいては最適な連結が行われる。荷重に応じて、シャー・コネクタ（単数または複数）は少なくとも１つの対称面にある。しかし、はりの側面から充分な距離を置いて引張りゾーンにシャー・コネクタを配置してもよい。加えて、幾つかのシャー・コネクタを互いに重ねて、好適には平行に位置合わせして配置することも可能であり、利点が得られる。前述したように、本発明の接合システムは木材−木材、木材−スチール、および／または木材−スチール−コンクリートのような多様な構造に適しており、かつ、勿論、支持部材としてのプラスチックと組合わせ、また上記の材料に加えて合成材料の上記構造部材のその他の組合わせも可能である。１００％の力の伝達効率を導く本発明によって、それぞれの構造に使用される木材の寸法と断面積を小さく保つことができるので、相当量の木材を経済的かつ有利に節約できる。加えて、構造物の組立てを−異なる材料を組合わせた場合でも−極めて簡単に、短縮された作業時間で達成できる。ひいては、それによって木げたを使用した建築には必要である大型で経費がかかるホイストやクレーンを使用する必要がなくなる。その理由は例えば、より細い設計により、２人の労働者で持ち上げ、据え付けることができるからである。本発明に基づくシャー・コネクタの製造は、設計が簡単であるためコストが安く、更に量産製品として工業的に達成することができる。従前には相当な経費で、しはしばかなりの困難を伴って施工可能であった建物の建築は、本発明に基づく接合システムの効率が高いので、いまやより容易に、かつ安価に実施可能であり、これらの建築は以前には達成不能であった別の形状でも実施できる。製造工程中のシャー・コネクタの挿入、すなわち接着してから個々のけた部材を圧着することは、著しい寸法上の精度と、美観で達成でき、これは前述のような端部の接合方法ではあり得なかったことである。何故ならば、それらを用いた場合、だぼまたはシャー・コネクタを美観を保つことが不可能な事前穿孔された止まり穴に挿入し、その後で接着、または交叉だぼ継ぎしなければならないからであり、この場合も視覚的な美観は期待できない。一方、本発明に基づくけた部品は互いに接着されて完全なけたが形成されるので、以前には接着剤に浸されたシャー・コネクタの挿入は中間段階で、例えば横げたの２つの下半部が接着される時に行われ、この時点でシャー・コネクタは次に簡単なレーザー技術を利用してミリメートル単位の精度で精密に、オプションとして再現性を伴って位置決めすることができる。シャー・コネクタが適切に挿入されると直ちに、シャー・コネクタの心棒用の受け穴を事前穿孔してその位置を定めることができる。ただし、これは絶対に必要な工程ではない。次に、それ自体は以前には横げたの場合に互いに接着された２つの木げた部よりなる上半部がけたの下半部の接着面へと押圧され、一方、シャー・コネクタの心棒が同時にけたの上部と下部へと挿入、または圧着される。シャー・コネクタをけたの下半部内に事前圧着することも可能であるが、この場合は、シャー・コネクタは最終接着工程中に、最終的な深さまでけたの下半部内に圧着される。このように、従来の技術とは対照的に、本発明によればシャー・コネクタを挿入するために実質的に時間がかからないことが明らかである。前述の説明で示したように、横げたは本発明に基づく接合システムに極めて適している。それは、横げたの接合方法によって、外側の年輪の経路に応じてシャー・コネクタ芯材を最適に挿入できるように内部の中空の溝形を有しているからである。それによって更に出荷や輸送時の補助的な業務が大幅に簡略化される。何故ならば、本発明のシャー・コネクタを使用することによって、もはやプラント内で大規模な構造を準備する必要がなく、個別部品を建築現場で寸法上の精度をもって互いにねじ止めすることができ、ひいては出荷が大幅に容易になるので出荷コストを大幅に節減することができるからである。力を１００％確実に伝達できるので、静力学的計算をより簡単に行うことができ、かつある種の材料の使用、およびその寸法に関してより容易に分類することができ、ひいては特定の静力学的状態をより容易に作りだすことができるので、コストが低くなる。究極的には、これらの利点は、製造コストの観点からだけではなく、簡単な接合システムを利用する可能性からも関連作業の全てではないにせよ、ある部分まではオーナー自身のイニシアチブで行うことができるので、建物のオーナー、特に住宅のオーナーにも利益になる。最後に、上記の利点によって、本発明に基づく接合シテステムを前述の用途に加えて例えば橋梁の建設のような新たな利用分野への道が開かれる。本発明は更に、上記の連結部材を備えた支持部材の経済的な製造方法をも含んでおり、かつここで強調すべきことは、この方法は前述の種類のシャー・コネクタに決して限定されるものではなく、他の種類の固着部材または連結部材を導入するにも適していることである。この方法を実施するための適宜の装置の基本的概念は請求の範囲第９７項に記載されており、実施例がそれ以降の請求の範囲に記載されている。本発明は例えば、公知の態様で繊維を特定の位置合わせにした複数の“樹幹部品”から組立てられ、好適には互いに接着され、かつ荷重支持力が特別に良好であることを特徴としている横げたの場合のように、支持部材が多くの場合、複数の部品からなっていることを利用したものであり、それには驚くべき、また有利な効果が伴っている。本発明に基づいて、連結部材の挿入は支持部材の部品の組立て工程に組込まれる。しかし、本発明を接着ラミネートばり、および一体のけたのような別の支持部材に応用することも可能であるが、一体のけたの場合には、本発明に基づいて作業を進めるには先ずこれを合成部材へと分解する必要がある。横げたはその製造方法が特別であることにより本発明に特に適している。すなわち横げたは、本発明の有利な実施例では、特に連結部材が請求の範囲に記載されている種類のシャー・コネクタである場合には、これを挿入するために利用できる中央溝を有している。他の支持部材を使用する場合は先ず、本発明に基づくシャー・コネクタを利用して製造される支持骨組の優れた特性の効果を著しく損なうことなく、適宜の溝を設けなければならない。以下に好適で可能な実施例の幾つかを示した添付図面を参照して、本発明をより詳細に説明する。図１は連結オプションとして受け穴を有する２個の連結部品である。図２は木げたを取付けた、３つの異なる方向を向いた４個の連結部品の連結状態を示している。図３は例えば１つの階層のような明確な比較的広い主要面を有する全体的な支持骨組の詳細図である。図４は例えば階層のような２つの主要面を有する支持骨組の透視図である。図５はシャー・コネクタの上面図である。図６は中間で長手方向に断絶され、互いに接着される横げたの下半部である。図７は両端部に１個のシャー・コネクタを挿入した図６に記載の横げたの部分である。図８は特に接着された２つの横げた半部を接合する直前の、接合システムの製造工程の別の段階である。図９はシャー・コネクタを挿入し、端部に連結オプションを有する横げたの仕上げ品である。図１０は接着ラミネートばりの例での、図６に対応する図面である。図１１は図１０に示したと同様の据付け状態であるが、シャー・コネクタは“ 前面木材構造”ではなく挿入されている。図１２はシャー・コネクタが（けたの断面と非対称な）中央の縦軸の外側に挿入された据付け状態を示している。図１３は連続するシャー・コネクタを有する比較的短い横げたの分解図である。図１４ａから図１４ｅはシャー・コネクタの芯材の異なる断面形状である。図１５は互いに角度をもって保持された２対の横げたの連結節点の透視図であり、各対の横げたは各々１個のシャー・コネクタと共に配置された２つの横げたからなっている。図１６は概略的に示した据付けの上面図である。図１７は図１に示した据付けの一部としての傾斜送り接合ステーションの一部である。図１８ａおよび図１８ｂはシャー・コネクタ用の傾斜送りの詳細図である。図１９は接合ステーションの横断面図である。図１は各々が六角形の底板２と、これと平行な六角形の上板３とからなる２個の連結部品１を示している。方形の５枚の端板４−１から４−５は各底板１に対して垂直に、これらの底板に連結されており、その自由端の上縁には上板３が固定的に連結されている。これらの板材は好適にはスチール製であり、互いに溶接されている。図１に更に示すように、底板２、上板３および端板４−１から４−５は各々受け穴５を有していて、連結部品１を１つ以上の付加的な連結部品１に取り外し可能に取付られて、連結節点を構成するか（これはこの場合は例えば端板４−１および４−５によって可能であろう）、または、付加的な支持骨組部材用の連結を可能にする。図２は支持および荷重支持構造の支持骨組構造のアセンブリをある程度詳細に示しており、底板２と上板３が同じ方向に向き、かつ端板４−２、４−３および４−４によって木げた６に連結可能であるように、４個の連結部品１がその端板４−１と４−５によって連結されており、これら板材は荷重支持の主要面を形成し、かつ底板２および上板３と平行に延びている。そこで、例えば階層の床を形成するために適宜のパネル張りするだけでよい。端板４−２、４−３および４−４は、各々が例えば４５°の角度を呈するように木げた６を端板に取り外し可能にねじで取付けられるように構成されている。端板４−１および４−５は各々、端板４−２および４−４に対して垂直である。底板２が下向きで、上板３が上向きである図２に示したような場合には、４本の木げた６の各々が連結部材１の端面上の主要面に互いに直角に取付けられる。（一例として図５に示されている）本発明に基づいて提案されるシャー・コネクタ１３によって接合節点１と木げた６とを接合することが特に有利であることが実証されている。これらのシャー・コネクタによって、余分な部材が見えることで仕上げ状態の支持骨組の美観が損なわれることなく、木げた６を連結部品１に極めて簡単に接合する方法が可能になる。シャー・コネクタおよびその据付けの可能性については後述する。木げた７は連結部品１の上板３上に取付けられ、かつ主要面を形成している木げたに対して垂直に位置合わせされており、支持面を形成する。この場合は、木げた７と連結節点との連結は前述したと同様に説明される。図３には外向きのコーナー領域に受け穴５を設けた連結部品１を有する全体的な支持骨組が詳細に示されており、それによって所望の任意の支持骨組部材を取付けることが可能になり、ひいては考えられるどのような方法と方向でも支持骨組を連続的に組立てることが可能になる。支持骨組の主要面は４個の連結部品１からなる中央の連結節点によって形成され、前記連結部品の底板２は下向きであり、その上板３は上向きであり、４本の木げた６により各々が互いに直角に配置され、連結節点上に星形に配置される。木げた６は図２に関連して前述したと同様に、すなわち個々の連結部材１の端板４−３によって連結節点に取付けられる。同じ長さの木げた６の他端では、連結部品１が端板４−３によって取付けられる。付加的な木げた８も端板４−２および４−４によってこれらの外側の連結部品１に連結されるので、けた８は外側にある２個の連結部品１を接合し、ひいては主要面として方形を形成する。下向きの木げた９は外側の連結部品１の底板２に取付けられ、主要面をその上に支持することができる。木げた９は主要面に対して垂直に配置された支持面を形成する。図４は完成した支持骨組の実施例を示しており、それによって図３に示した実施例とは対照的に、主要面は互いに平行に延びたけた６から構成されている。２つの主要面は各段階で互いにほぼ並列に延びているので、２つの隣接面がある場合は、２個の連結部品１が図示した態様で−図１に示したと同様の割当てで一対向するコーナー領域で互いに接合されており、このことはどのような改造も必要とせずにこのシステムを意のままに拡張できることを明確に示している。この実施例の利点は特に、それぞれの天井構造を平行な天井けたで製造でき、その際に一方では極めて簡単な切断作業しか必要なく、他方では均一なパネル張りが可能であるということにある。勿論、適当な方向を向いた連結部品を有する支持面に、対角線方向に延びた補強げたを使用することも可能である。主要面の木げた６に例えば薄板を取付けることができる。この目的のため、連結部材１の上板３によって上向きの連結のオプションが与えられる。同じことが支持骨組の支持面のどの区画にも言える。このように、上板と下板はいかなる組立てのバリエーションでも優れた支持面となり、組立てが著しく容易になり、究極的には専門知識がなくても行えるねじ連結だけで充分である。図５は本発明に基づくシャー・コネクタ１３を示している。すなわち、８角形の芯材断面と、オフセットに平行な列に配置された心棒１４および１４ａを有する実施例である。内ねじ１６の形式の端部の溝も点線で示されている。図６は、短い形式が可能であるように、互いに接合され、接着される２個の分割けた部材１１ａと１１ｂからなる、中間部で分断された横げたの下半部１１を示している。端部の年輪のパターンが概略的に示されている。あるサイズに切断された個々の部材１１ａと１１ｂの特別な接合方法によって、グルーブ状の溝１２が形成される。図７に示すように、本発明に基づく２個のシャー・コネクタ１３、すなわち、ここに図示した実施例ではシャー・コネクタの芯材１５上の平行な垂直の心棒１４を有するシャー・コネクタが、ここで図示した実施例ではけたの下半部の各端で前記の溝１２内に挿入されている。前記芯材にも端部に中央溝１６が設けられており、けたの端面に対して後退しているので、両端ではいわゆる“前面木材構造”Ａが形成される。前述に記載した部分で、本発明に基づくシャー・コネクタ１３の個別部分をいかにして設計し、実施するかが詳細に説明されている。次に、けたの製造工程の残りの部分で、２個のけた部材17aと17bからなる横げたの上半部１７が組立てられ、かつ接着され、次に図８に示すように、図７に示したように用意された横げたの下半部へと上方から押圧されてこれに接着され、心棒１４は横げたの上半部７へと圧着、または押し込まれる（心棒の“対向部分 ”はこの図面ではけたの下半部１１内に既に圧着されている）。前述したように、シャー・コネクタの心棒のパターンに応じてけたの半部を事前穿孔しておくことも得策である。圧着および接着作業が終了した後、それによって図９に示したような本発明に基づく接合システムが形成されるが、図９では説明目的で端部の２個のシャー・コネクタ１３だけを図示してある。更に、図９は既に内ねじを設けてある溝１６内にねじ込まれた六角頭ねじ１８の形式のシャー・コネクタ１３に端部連結する１つの可能性をも示している。いずれかの箇所で前述したように、シャー・コネクタ自体、並びにこれに取付けられる連結部材の修正形をオプションで取付けてもよい。特に、シャー・コネクタが特にけたの端面を越えて突出している場合には、オプションで各々のシャー・コネクタに連続する内ねじを設けてもよく、そうすればこの内ねじによって、例えば斜めおよび／横に延びるねじ付きのスピンドルの形式の、付加的な方向を修正できる連結のオプションが可能になる。図１０、図１１および図１２は本発明のその他の可能な用途、すなわち接着ラミネートばり１１、１７の例を示している。これらのはりにも先ず、シャー・コネクタ１３を挿入する前に、対応する切断および機械加工方法によって、いずれにせよ横げたには存在する溝１２を設けなければならない。その他の点では、仕上げの横げた１１／１７を製造するための前述の手段を適用でき、横げたとの唯一の相違点は、接着ラミネートばりの場合は２つのはり半部１１と１７が積層されて構成されることである。図１１に示した説明上の状態では、シャー・コネクタの芯材１５はけた１１の端面と位置合わせされて、前面木材構造Ａにならないようにされており、これはある用途では望ましいことがある。図１２は別の変化形を示しており、この場合、シャー・コネクタ１３は対称に配置されておらず、けたの断面内に偏心的に配置されている。これはある荷重がかかる場合には有利であることが実証されているが、それは荷重の状態に応じてシャー・コネクタ１３を引張りゾーンに配置することができるので、支持力を分散させるために連結点に対応する作用を与えることができるからである。図１３は連続するシャー・コネクタ１２を備えた、接合システムが完成する直前の、比較的短い横げた１１／１７を示しているが、図面を簡明にするため、前述の図７、８および９の場合と同様に心棒１４は１列しか示しておらず、また、これも簡略化のために、隣接する傾斜面上の列には幾つかの心棒１４ａだけしか示していない（ここに図示したシャー・コネクタの芯材は方形の断面を有している）。図１４は芯材の断面の幾つかの可能性を示している。すなわち図１４ａは芯材の方形の断面１５ａを示し、図１４ｂはけた１１／１７内に挿入した状態の概略的な端面図を示している。図１４ｃは八角形の断面１５ｂを示し、一方、図１４ｄは環状の断面１５ｃを示し、図１４ｅは三角形の断面１５ｄを示している。図１４の全ての端面図で、シャー・コネクタ１３への可能な連結は内ねじ１６の形式で示されている。加えて、図１４は心棒１４を平行な向きにする１つの可能性を示している。すなわち、それらの半分は上方向に垂直に向き、残りの半分は逆向きの下方向に垂直に向いており、この場合、２つのけた半部を接合するために必要な押圧力は心棒１４の縦軸方向を向いている。図１４に示した三角形の形状は、特に、けたの下半部が接着面上で平坦に設計されている場合に特に推奨できる。しかし勿論、下向きの心棒１４が三角形の断面を有していても構わない。図１５は特別の節点の例での本発明に基づく多くの可能な変化形を特に明解に示しており、４本の横げた１１／１７が本発明に基づいて連結部１で互いに接合されており、そのうちの２本は平行な向きに他のけたの上に重ねられており、天井のコーナ領域で一般的であるように、２対のけたが互いに直角に延びている（図４をも参照）。シャー・コネクタ１３（コネクタは前述の態様で各けた内に設けられている）は、例示目的でここに示した実施例ではけたの端面を越えて突出している。実際の使用時には、けたは勿論ずっと長く、端部のコネクタは、ねじ頭、もしくはねじをナット１８にしっかりとねじ込むだけで適宜の連結部品１に取付けられるように設計されていよう。ここでは図示の種類として透視図が選択されているので、図１５に示した実施例と同様に行われる連結部品１へのけた１１／１７の連結状態は見えないが、図１並びに図９および図１３を特に検討すれば、それは明らかであろう。図１５は更に本発明に基づく連結部品１の特別な利点を示しており、これは底板２が側面で上板３を越えて突出しており、それによって支持面が形成され、同時に連結されたはり、またはけた１１／１７の止め面も形成され、一方ではこの止め面が少なくとも部分的にシャー・コネクタ上の荷重を逃がすために反力を吸収し、他方では必ずしも保証となるものではないものの、適切な角度で位置合わせされた向きを支持するので、素人でも複雑な垂線測量や、レベル処理をしなくても極めて短時間で正確な角度で建物を建設することができる。幾つかの可能な実施例で、この図面は第１に接合システムの簡単な設計を示し、第２に極めて良好で時間がかからない形成を示しているが、ここで再び強調すべき点は、図面の前述の説明のとおり、本発明の範囲を越えることなく多くの異なる修正が可能である点である。図１６は基本的に以下の部分、すなわちステーションからなる本発明の工程を実施するための設備の好適な可能性を示している。すなわち、給送部２２および引渡し部２３を有する平削り設備２１からなる平削りラインと、圧着ライン２６用のパッケージ給送部２５と、連続的なマイクロ波炉２７と、接着ステーション２８と、移送および接合ステーション２９と、圧着ステーション２１１と、接着剤洗浄ステーション２１２と、下流の保管、または引渡しステーション２１３である。少なくとも１つの連結部材を支持部材に導入する方法は、横げた２１５に挿入されるシャー・コネクタ２１４の例で以下に説明するように実施される。横げた２１５用の原材料は断面寸法が異なる木製ボードであり、これは先ず平削りライン２４で全面が平削りされ、次に適宜の位置が面取りされた後、中心部で切断される。その結果形成された横げた１２５は希望の任意の断面領域を有していてもよい。形成された“１／４分割木材”２１６は次に図１６に示された製造設備から取出され、穿孔ステーション（図示せず）に送られる。このステーションで、穿孔された穴がシャー・コネクタ２１４の心棒パターンに対応するように、横げた２１５の１／４分割木材の内側２１７に穿孔穴が形成される。この穿孔穴は１／４分割木材２１６の所望のどの位置に設けてもよいが、けたの端面から距離を置いた一端に設けることが好適であり、それによって完成品に“前面木材構造”が形成され、それによってシャー・コネクタにより達成される効果が高まる。すなわち、これが抜けないように有効に固定され、力の円錐が最適化される。最初に穴を穿孔しなくても準備した１／４分割木材２１６内にシャー・コネクタ２１４を圧着することも可能であるが、シャー・コネクタを対応する穴のパターンに挿入することによって、木の繊維が分断されず、より多くの繊維が心棒と接触し、ひいては支持部材の荷重支持力が相当程度、たとえば約２５％も高まる。次に１／４分割木材２１６はリセプタクル２５を経て圧着ライン２６に送られ、そこでまず連続マイクロ波炉２７内で加熱される。約９０℃から１００℃の温度が特に有利であることが実証されている。この加熱によって、後続の接着作業を相当短縮することができる。接着ステーション２８への途上、１／４分割木材２１６は後続の接着継目２１８に沿って湿潤され、次に接着ステーション２８で接着剤が塗布される。接着剤は回転ノズルによって塗布され、それによって回転速度および木材の表面からの距離を変更することによって正確な計量が可能になる。移送および接合ステーション２９では、４つの１／４分割木材２１６の事前処理が行われ、前述の説明の通り穴が穿孔され、かつ少なくとも１個のシャー・コネクタ２１４が接合されて、少なくとも１個の連結部材を有する横げた２１５が形成される。これは下側の２つの１／４分割木材２１６ａ、２１６ｂを空の鋳型（図示せず）内に置き、シャー・コネクタ２１４を接着剤ポット内に浸し、下側の１／４分割木材２１６ａ、２１６ｂの穴のパターン（単数または複数）内に挿入することによって、手だけでも行うことができる。次に、同様に事前処理され、穿孔された上側の１／４分割木材２１６ｃ、２１６ｄが正確に適合するシャー・コネクタ（単数または複数）２１４を含む下側の１／４分割木材２１６ａ、２１６ｂの上に置かれ、そこに設けられた穿孔された穴のパターン（単数または複数）はシャー・コネクタ（単数または複数）の心棒パターンと適合している。勿論、図１７、１８ａ、１８ｂおよび１９に基づいて後に説明するように、シャー・コネクタ２１４を機械で挿入することもできる。図１７は概略的な透視側面図で接合ステーション２９を示している。このステーションは後述する理由から図１８に示すように４５°の角度で底部まで延びている給送シュート２１９からなっており、その格子状の底部自体は間に空間を置いて給送方向に延びる複数の丸棒２２０によって形成されている。この種類の給送機構は、シャー・コネクタ２１４が突起した心棒２２２を有する芯材２２１からなっている好適な実施例用に選択れたものであり、前記心棒は次に図１８ｂに示した態様で棒の間に把持され、ひいては確実に導かれる。給送シュート２１９を傾斜位置にした理由は、それによって、方形の断面を有する芯材２２１を有するシャー・コネクタ２１４の例において支持と位置合わせが達成されるので、後に支持部材の１／４分割木材２１６の穴のパターン内に挿入される心棒２２２が穿孔された穴の方向に延びるようにされるからである。前述の給送シュートト２１９に加えて、接合ステーション２９には打固め装置２２４（図１７を参照）と連係して動作する、二重矢印Ａで示された反復装置２２３が含まれている。打固め装置２２４には、ここに図示した実施例では縦方向に上下移動可能であり、その下部の自由端がシャー・コネクタ２１４とネガティブプロフィルを有している打固め機２２５が含まれている。反復装置２２３は給送シュート２１９の下端部と平行に位置合わせされている。動作時には給送シュートはシャー・コネクタ２１４を個々に把持し、それらを打固め機２２５の下の領域まで移送する。この打固め機は端面に横向きに配置された締付け装置２２６によって摩擦接触でシャー・コネクタ２１４を収容する。これらの締付け装置２２６は、シャー・コネクタ２１４の端面の設計に応じて、端面の溝に嵌合するか、または端面に位置する突起部の周囲に達するように設計されている。図１７に示すように、各々のシャー・コネクタ２１４は前記の移送中に給送シュート２１９によって定められる角位置に留まる。すなわち心棒２２２と縦方向に位置合わせされている。次に打固め機２２５が下方に移動することで、少なくとも１つのシャー・コネクタ２１４がその心棒２２２と共に、２つの１／４分割木材２１６ａおよび２１６ｂによって形成される横げたの下半部２１６ａ、２１６ｂの穴のパターン内に挿入される。この打固め装置は打固め機２２５が横げたの下半部２１６ａ、２１６ｂの上端面と接触するまで、すなわち、心棒２２２は木材内に完全に挿入されるが、芯材２２１がけたの材料内に押圧されることにより破壊されることがない程度まで移動する。このように、給送シュート２１９と反復装置２２３と打固めユニット２２４との相互配置と相互作用により、横げたの下半部２１６ａ、２１６ｂに対するシャー・コネクタ２１４の精密な位置合わせと心合わせが保証される。連結部材２１４が連結部材２１４自体よりも軟性の材料からなる支持部材内に挿入される場合は、本発明の工程手順は１／４分割木材２１６内に穴を事前穿孔しなくても実施することができる。この場合は、打固め機２２５の寸法は、心棒２２２を１／４分割木材２１６内に挿入できるような寸法にしなければならない。この場合は複数段階で実施され、全体の工程に組込まれている図１７に示した自動接合ステーション２９の付加的な機能は図１９の図より由来する。この図面に示した実施例では、接合ステーション２９はピボット式の、および／または回転式の縦経路およびリセプタクル２２７と旋回リセプタクル２２８とから形成された２つの主要領域からなっている。この多段接合ステーション２９では、立て方向に配分された複数個の給送シュート２１９（マガジン）と、打固めユニット２２４とを備えてもよく、それによって複数の支持部材を同時に製造することが可能になり、経済的である。従って、１／４分割木材２１６は、組立てられ、接着された木材を立て軸に沿って切断することによって幾つかの支持部材２１５が形成されるような長さになるように処理される。木材の切断後に、個々の支持部材２１５の各々の端部領域内に、またはその近傍に１つのシャー・コネクタ２１４があるように、シャー・コネクタ２１４は全長に亘って配分されるように配置されている。接合ステーション２９の縦方向の１つのピボット式レセプタクル２２７は縦軸２２９を支点に回転可能であり、好適には４つのレセプタクル象限２３２ａ、ｂ、ｃ、ｄを有する十字形の部材２３１からなっている。図１９に示すように、前述のようにシャー・コネクタ２１４をこの段階までに事前加工された横げたの下半部２１６ａ、２１６ｂへと挿入する工程は、右上の象限２３２ａで行われる。１／４分割木材２１６ａ、２１６ｂは既に接着され、圧着されていてもよい（加圧による接着材の硬化）。横げたの下半部２１６ａ，２１６ｂは、側の圧力シリンダー２２３で位置が保持されている。シャー・コネクタ（単数または複数）２１４が横げたの下半部２１６ａ、２１６ｂに挿入された直後に、回転式の十字部材２３１は、左上の象限２３２ｂに示した位置に達するまで反時計回り方向に９０°回転される（湾曲した矢印Ｂを参照）。この時点で、横げたの下半部２１６ａ、２１６ｂについて記載したと同様に組立てられ、オプションとして接着され、かつ圧着もされた横げたの上半部２１６ｃ、２１６ｄは回転式十字部材２３１と平行に位置合わせされた左の旋回リセプタクル２２８によって案内され、その結果、回転軸２３４を支点にした適宜の時計回り旋回運動（湾曲した矢印Ｃ）によって図１９の中央部に示した位置に移動され、２つの横げた半部２１６ａ、ｂと２１６ｃ、ｄは互いに水平面の反対位置にある。横げたの上半部２１６ｃ、２１６ｄは左の旋回リセプタクル２２８に固定的に連結され、ひいてはこれも旋回運動する別の加圧シリンダ２３５によって横げた下半部２１６ａ、２１６ｂに水平方向に押圧されることによって、様々な横げたの寸法を調整できるように、二重矢印Ｄの方向に調整可能である板材２３６が左の旋回リセプタクル２２８上に備えられる。加圧シリンダ２３５を作動させることによって、横げたの“上”半部２１６ｃ、ｄは両側の２つの端面２３７に達するまで右方向に横げた下半部へと押圧されるので、シャー・コネクタ（単数または複数）２１４の突出した心棒２２２も横げた上半部２１６ｃ、ｄ内に挿入され、または、穴のパターンがない場合には、心棒が木材内に押圧される。接触される横げた面２３７には接着剤が塗布される。次に、１面が調整板２３６によって形成されている左側のＵ形旋回リセプタクル２２８がその回転軸２３４を支点に反時計回り方向に９０°回転され（湾曲した矢印Ｃ）、それによって図１９の左側に示した直立位置になる。これは加圧シリンダ２３５も旋回運動することをも明解に示している。組立て後、シャー・コネクタ２１４が挿入された完全な木げた２１５は自動的にプレスへと持ち上げられ、そこで接着される。ここに記載している実施例では、接着工程は２１０バールに及ぶ圧力で５分周期で実施される。製造ラインに連続マイクロ波炉２７が備えられていない場合は、より長期間の加圧作業が必要であり、これは複数のけたを収容する特別の加圧ステーションで実施することができる。接着後、横げた２１５は更に接着剤洗浄装置２１２で洗浄される。長さが１ｍで、一端にシャー・コネクタ２１４を挿入した横げた部材２１５を製造することが特に有利であることが実証されており、その後で２本のこのような横げた部材を組立てて両側に連結のオプションを備えた所望の長さの支持部材を形成することができる。この工程はシャー・コネクタ２１４を挿入していない、所望の任意の長さの横げた中間部材を挿入することによって接合設備で実施される。２つの中間部材を挿入することも、すなわち３段階の接合ステップを実施することも可能である。このようにして、基本的に断面積が例えば１０ｘ１０ｃｍ、または１０ｘ２０ｃｍまたは１２×２４ｃｍで、長さ１２ｍまでのけたを製造することができる。接着剤が最終的に硬化した後、平削りまたは面取り、またはその他の機械加工または組立ての準備のような所望の公知の工程段階を更に実施することが可能である。工程段階と共に上述した設備は本発明に基づくけたの製造の１つの可能性を示したものであるに過ぎない。即ち、部品を省略、補充、交換および／または組合わせて、所与の条件に適合する新規の製造ラインを形成してもよい。下記の工程段階は本発明に基づくシャー・コネクタ技術にとって不可欠なステップである。具体的には、横げた用の２つの１／４分割木材が互いに事前に接着され、かつ既に所望の寸法に精密にくり抜かれ、接着剤が塗布された横げたの１／４分割木材すなわち横げた半部は、ＣＮＣ制御の自動穿孔機の所定位置でシャー・コネクタの心棒パターンに従って精密に事前穿孔される。好適には片側がほぼ完成品の長さに事前切断され、かつ別の側が正確に完成品の長さに事前切断された横げたの１／４分割木材、すなわち横げた半部は好適には、接着ステーションを通過し、その下流で接着剤に浸されたシャー・コネクタが穴のパターン内に挿入される。プレスでは、既にシャー・コネクタが挿入された横げたが接着され、次に正確な完成品の寸法に精密に切断、またはトリミングされる。この工程の後、外表面の仕上げ平削りが行われる。連続的な製造段階を最適に構成することによって、最終的な処理段階は木げたの精密なトリミングと、完成した横げたの最終的な全体の平削りに限られることが判明している。接着ラミネートばりを使用することも可能であり、この場合はサンドイッチ構造であるため、各々にシャー・コネクタが備えられ、互いに重ねて形成した幾つかの横げたの設計（図１５を参照）の場合と同様に、幾つかのシャー・コネクタを互いに重ね合わせてけた内に挿入してもよい。それによって内部にシャー・コネクタを挿入した横げたの構造を含む多くの変化形が可能になり、横げたにスチール構造に匹敵する寸法上の安定性が得られるだけではなく、これらの製品は実際的に防火の点でも優れている。いまや、横げた開口部の極めて精密な決定と共に、縦軸方向でのシャー・コネクタの位置の上記のような精密な決定が可能になったことによって、基本的に静力学的な観点から構造部品に、例えば本発明に基づくスチール製の節点に良好に連結することが可能になる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Support frame and its structural members The present invention relates to a support member and a timber for its structural member, The tree is continuous With a hollow gap, At least partially wooden, Linked to form one unit Consisting of at least two supporting members, Has connection option in hollow gap Having at least one shear connector (claim 1 to 17), And the shear connector itself (from claim 18 to claim 18). 48), Claim 7: A supporting framework that can be manufactured from at least one said girder. 0 to 88) and at least one shear connector is inserted into the support member. (Claims 89 to 96). Supporting frameworks are known in many fields. Here is just an example of building architecture Steel and reinforced concrete used in many fields from The frame structure will be described. But, The disadvantages of these supporting frame structures are: Extremely high manufacturing costs, example In general, extremely expensive welding work is required for assembling, And the following concree That the driving work is involved, and, The large number of different individual parts required And This also has to be dealt with in a complicated procedure and assembled. Furthermore, Such a support Framed structures can only be manufactured by experts. Another drawback that should not be underestimated is that In the known supporting framework, the individual parts are Must be joined together so that they cannot be removed. So repeated use is out of the question, As needed Must always be repaired, It is a huge expense. Recently, In the construction industry, wood, Or wood There is a marked tendency to use increasingly used materials. There are various support systems in this field. The system has been adopted with good results. A piece of wood, Glued laminate beam, And And other wood-based materials, As well as lying down, These are the cross-sectional areas Are the same size, Absorbs more power, Can be transmitted. In particular, the joints used in the end areas of these wooden structural members Suggestions have been made. Examples that can be mentioned here include: In the tongue and groove area Dowels driven with bolts and auxiliary screw nails on the vertical axis of Or flange head Nail joints, Or a tenon using a cross-pounded hardwood dowel, Or doboyaho Yes, In particular, And buried steel T-section steel using tenon joints , And so on. For all these fittings, Assembly cost of a system that uses them to assemble Is high, More often on site, With great effort, Store in an inaccessible location Attached The major drawback is that it requires a large number of individual parts that must be assembled. is there. as a result, These systems are also usually Overall support to withstand force and load The framework can only be assembled by specialists. In addition to this increasing use of wood in the construction industry, This industry field Has another tendency. That is, Building at low cost with personal effort, Especially detached houses Build a dwelling, So that more people in society can reach their homes That is the tendency. This is not possible using known joints, It is these Must be manufactured precisely in a specially equipped manufacturing plant. Therefore, The object of the present invention is a supporting framework, Its structural members, Especially joint members and connecting parts Suggesting goods, And Without the above disadvantages, Rather, Requires complex supplements Can be easily assembled without Preferably with a removable support frame Support skeleton as described above, In particular, we propose a manufacturing method for that beam. It is to be. The above object is based on the present invention, A support framework having the features of the main claim Achieved. If you say "woody" here, Any type, including wood support Also means the support member, It is suitable for fittings with shear connectors It should be understood that the supporting member is a support member. See below, Stated in the claims The features of these shear connectors embedded in the bark in one way are: Support frame 100% of the force between the materials is transmitted, And it is easy even when combined with other materials, Time In no time, What is possible is a connection that enables low-cost assembly. -There are many examples for these, Especially the standardized internal thread at the end face It has proven to be advantageous. Other advantages are explained below, In the claims Has been described. In the following, "connecting member" Preferably made of steel, In particular, For spatially oriented structural parts with 3D angular offset coupling options I want you to understand it. "Joint or connection node" described later means multiple connection parts Means joining. In a preferred embodiment, The connecting parts are two parallel flat plates located on the main surface of the supporting framework Consists of This is, for example, the floors of individual levels of a building, That is, the bottom plate, This and Also form a spaced upper plate. The so-called end plate is between these two flat plates To Preferably, it is arranged perpendicular to the flat plate. Bottom plate, Top plate and end plate Each further connecting in a different manner with additional connecting members and / or wood Can be. These plates are for example to receive means for forming a screw connection May be provided. In a preferred embodiment, The end plate connects the girder and the connecting part, And different connecting parts To be able to connect each other. In this way, Form a major surface with large dimensions It is possible to assemble a supporting skeleton. By the bottom plate and the top plate, Form support surface And It is possible to join a girder extending perpendicular to the main surface. these The support surface is, for example, It may be the wall inside the building, Or paneling in various possible forms And extend it to form a wall, on the other hand, The main surface forms the floor of the floor on that floor You may do so. Basically, any kind of removable joint is suitable for joining the bar and the connecting part. But A screw connection is preferred. I mean, What components are needed in any construction market Are also commercially available as standard parts, Therefore, no special manufacturing process is required, Branch This is because it has an advantageous effect on the cost of the entire frame. in this way, Based on the present invention The support framework can be easily assembled by amateurs, Everyone who owns a building You will be able to build your own house around. A few different building parts, You That is, Woody and All you need is a means to join the girder to the connecting part , These means are formed in one piece with the bark according to the invention. As the above means, the present invention proposes a connecting member according to claim 28. And This is described below. The design shall be as described in the subsequent claims. It is a shear connector that can be Surprisingly simple loading of various possible embodiments A joint that supports Different building components, I.e. used on different building components, especially with regard to shape and material The connecting member for this is known in various embodiments. These are, for example, buildings It is especially important in building systems that carry particularly heavy loads, as the case may be. In that respect Various types of support systems have been successful, Further used materials, and Must meet various standards regarding force and load to withstand Absent. This is mainly due to the load bearing capacity of the individual components and the overall structure. True, It also takes into account the overall visual impression and good detail . Representative examples of the buildings described here are: Girder or similar supports are joined together Load-bearing wall, It may be a wooden building forming a floor and / or roof support framework. Various combinations of materials are also possible. That is, Filling wood as building material May be combined with concrete as a minute, Pair with plastic or metal parts May be combined. Wood is a piece of wood, Glued laminate beam, And other trees Wood is fine, log, Digit, Square timber, board, And recently laid down its cross section Absorbs a relatively large force compared to the Can communicate Using these Is also good. Fittings, In particular, joints have been developed in the end areas of building components, Introduced in various forms Have been. Here are just some examples of known possibilities: An example For example, in the area of the tongue-and-groove, the longitudinal axis of the beam is driven with a bolt and an auxiliary screw Rudobo, Or flange head nail joint, Or use a cross-punched hardwood dowel Mortise, Or dowels and mortises, In particular, And mortise joints An embedded steel T-beam or the like is used. The connection of the ends is also a so-called butt joint Achievable in a known manner by hand, in this case, The side of the beam is a specially designed side It is covered by support elements on both sides of the end area for transmitting the force by the dowels. For all fittings, It is said that the manufacturing cost of the system composed of these is extremely high There are considerable drawbacks. The reason is, for example, Supports to be joined in the case of butt joints The tenon and groove must be formed in the holding part, And often on site, Takes time, Costly work, Installed in an inaccessible place, Do not assemble That is, it requires a large number of individual components. in addition, these Known joints of Each of the dowels, such as the flange head or end face area Unless additional laminating measures are implemented in the area, Can only be performed from outside Absent. In an attempt to at least minimize these disadvantages, Especially the above-mentioned support member with wood It has been proposed to use end fittings for such applications. For that, glued steel to wood Includes dowel splices that work with steel shear connectors. for that purpose, First insert the dowel, Form a countersink area for gluing there, Dobo is a connecting means The end must be cut so that it can be engaged with a suitable mounting member. It is necessary to provide a reliable adhesive layer, And by being restricted to tools and dies, Countersink area depth, And the length of the dowel, And on the other hand the load bearing capacity, Especially tensile Besides its limited strength, The manufacturing cost of this joint system is considerable And To manufacture this support member, additional labor processes, In other words, Go around the hole Next, a step of bonding an appropriate dowel is required. In another known proposal, It is necessary to insert a dowel on the vertical axis of the support member. Connector is required. This known system consists of five basic components I have. That is, Dowel, Shear connector body, Casting components, Connecting screw, and It is a welding sleeve. in this way, This known system has at least the aforementioned disadvantages. There is a point, in addition, Filling of casting components, And the aforementioned impairment of appearance There are points. The present invention, in particular, So that the members are not visible without any additional means, same Sometimes The number of individual parts required for this connection is minimal, And effort for installation And the feature that cost is minimum. Features of an advantageous embodiment of these surprisingly simple solutions are: To the dependent claims Has been described. The coupling system proposed in the present invention is particularly described in the claims. In addition to being easy to use the new shear connector from these The system is characterized by a significantly higher efficiency of 100%. As used herein, the term "lay down" Split one or more trunks vertically, Vertical axis Rotate the parts around Then join these parts together At that point But The curved surface that originally formed the outer surface of the tree (s) pierced the laid down To form a substantially central opening that extends vertically, By forming a new digit It is to be understood that this means that the beam is manufactured. By using the reclining provided according to the invention, Surprising benefits can get. It is especially Saves wood, Minimize cracks due to shrinkage In addition, At the same time the resistance of the outer area is strengthened, The connecting member is located inside And In turn, It is on a surface (neutral fiber) that does not transmit force based on the sign It is an advantage. This is actually less common in statics, The reason The reason is Usually, instead, for example, as is also seen with known types of transverse joints, One connecting member is provided at each of the four corners, In the center Because there is no. In the joining system of the present invention, The connecting member is from a static point of view Located on an unusual surface, Therefore, no bending force is applied to itself. in addition, In order to insert the connecting member, In any case, the center axis lying on the side Direction grooves are used, On the other hand, in the conventional technology, Length and depth of connecting members That special grooves must be formed in the additional parts to fit The present invention is utilized in the present invention. Finally, Other features associated with the present invention, In other words, the inserted connecting member Specially retracted compared to the end face, So-called “front wood structure” And by Even more preferably, the tensile forces are distributed into annular tensile forces. Because If This makes the power cone shallower, And larger surrounding surface for force transmission Become On the other hand, Radial outward component force that promotes crackling, Greater lap Absorbed in the area of the enclosure, Or it can be dispersed. By a proposal based on the present invention that is completely different from the previously proposed joining method, First Some kind of "inner nail" becomes possible, Uses that were previously unpredictable The path to potency is opened. The connecting means for absorbing the load becomes shorter, Material is saved Apart from that, The new joint according to the invention requires any additional fixing members Not characterized by a simple design. Dimensions and spatial requirements, And according to the load standard, Build various designs It is possible, Some of them have significant advantages. This is with the shear connector itself Both also apply to the support member. That is, The materials from which the shear connectors are manufactured shape, This also applies to the method of connecting the support members. Thus, The core material of the shear connector in the simplest form may be in the form of a rod, heart The rod may be designed with a smooth surface. In another embodiment, The core is not linear, wave If it is designed to be shaped or undulating, As a result, a more secure holding state is obtained. And as a result, The shear connector could be kept shorter. In this sense, By providing grooves or bumps on the surface of the core material, To achieve further improvements it can. A variety of different embodiments are also possible for the cross-sectional shape of the core. For example, The core material has a round cross section, In particular, it may have a circular cross section, Or a polygonal cross section, Special Square, Or it may have a triangular cross section. The connection possibility provided in at least one end of the core material is also provided. Set up in many possible ways Can be measured, It is particularly advantageous if at least one end of the core is provided with an internal thread. Has proven to be beneficial. For example, Front with threaded stem or similar It may be screwed into the internal screw described above, Or it may have a connecting member at the free end, Or hook the free end, ball, Knob, The eye may be designed as an eye. The present invention Within the range Provide an external thread at the end of the core material, Or, insert the core material It is also possible to provide threaded pins of a smaller diameter. in addition, Shah Inserting the connector into a structural part joined to at least one other structural part; Optionally, it may extend laterally through the beam. In the simplest example, The mandrel is integrally joined with the core, These are the outer surfaces of the core Evenly on top, Or you may make it distribute irregularly. According to predetermined criteria Different variations are also possible for the axial orientation, Shear connector later For details on how to insert it into the support member, Mind when manufacturing a coupling system So that the axis of the bar extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the core, In particular, half of the mandrels are in one direction Prolonged, Another half has proven to be advantageous to extend in the opposite direction I have. When the mandrels are parallel to each other, Insert the shear connector into the support member (pressure When wearing The advantage is that relatively little force is applied. Mandrel Are arranged on the outer surface of the core as parallel rows along the axis of the core, Fewer mandrels in a row It may be offset with respect to at least one adjacent parallel row of mandrels. The number of rows of mandrels in each of the above two directions can be changed as required But, Make the cross section of the core material diamond-shaped, Or especially Make the cross section of the core material square, Again in this case Proven that it is advantageous to have four rows in one direction, two rows on each side of the square Have been. in addition, The rows of mandrels are straight, And extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core material. May be It may extend diagonally with respect to the core material. As previously mentioned, In the simplest example, The mandrel has a smooth surface. I Scarecrow, Each mandrel may be provided with at least one relief groove to provide a stepped surface, This The relief groove is designed to surround the mandrel. But, Ridge around the surface, Especially spiral It may be designed like a drill nail with a ridge shape, Or sawtooth shape Shape. Especially when the shear connector is cast iron, Annealed cast iron, Cast steel, Brass or aluminum If it is made of Preferably, the mandrel is integrally joined to the core. Sha -The connector can be made of ceramic. Shah based on the present invention The connector may be sheet metal. generally, Depending on the material and the standard, Especially press working, Stamping, Compression molding, edging, Nibbling, fries processing, Lathe processing and / or suitable forming methods are included. As aforementioned, The shear connector according to the present invention is connected to the support member at the end face. A coupling system that can be tied can be manufactured. As mentioned earlier in this regard, Inserting a shear connector into the support member in a nail shape to some degree, The shear connector (s) is inserted into the support member, Crimping, Or push Is achieved by watching in this way, The support member is For example, for those skilled in the art In the manner of knowledge, the annual rings have a specific orientation, Preferably 1/4 scale cut to size To each other, As in the case of forming a so-called sideways, Multiple composite members Designed to be This ensures that a particularly high load bearing capacity is achieved. You. The features of the present invention are: There is a big advantage, especially when using the sideways, Standard type Digit, Using other glued wood structural members such as glued laminate beams, During the manufacturing process The shear connector can be crimped to an appropriate position. Plastic and / or Or it is also possible to use concrete girders, In that case Shah Ko The nectar is preferably cast in a beam. When using the terms "digit" or "beam" here, Optional for composite fittings Is understood to mean the support member of Various positioning is possible for the direction and position of the shear connector, Normal case Each beam receives one shear connector at each end. Place of shorter girder If Or it is possible to insert the shear connector sideways inside the beam, In that case, The total length or thickness of the shear connector (s) May be extended. Shear connectors that extend sideways through the girder at the intersection Recommended, but In that case, One or more other digits are joined, Each intersect at the end Joined to the shear connector located at the point. In the first embodiment, The shear connector or core is the end face and position of the girder at the end Be matched. Depending on the type of joint, Beyond the end face of the shear connector core It is also a good idea to make it protrude, In any case, External screw, Or screw With attached pins, In the case of a complete mold, For example, in the form of a knob bar, Or illustration For example, use a protruding member through the option of horizontal connection with a horizontal internal screw. This is a convenient case. But, On the other hand, In a preferred alternative embodiment, Shah The connector can be in the retracted position, So-called “front wood” Structure "is formed, This further enhances the effect achieved with shear connectors Can be That is, Secure the shear connector firmly to prevent pulling out, at the same time, When a load is applied, the reaction force is better distributed in the end region of the beam, Hii Optimal connection is achieved. Depending on the load, At least one symmetric shear connector or connectors On the surface. But, Set the shear zone at a sufficient distance from the side of the beam A connector may be arranged. in addition, Several shear connectors on top of each other , It is also possible to arrange them preferably in parallel alignment, Benefits are obtained. As previously mentioned, The joining system of the present invention is wood-wood, Wood-steel, And And / or suitable for a variety of structures such as wood-steel-concrete Or One Of course, Combined with plastic as a support member, In addition to the above materials Other combinations of the above structural members of synthetic material are also possible. With the present invention leading to 100% force transmission efficiency, Used for each structure Since the dimensions and cross-sectional area of the wood can be kept small, Economically and significantly Advantageous savings. in addition, Structural assembly-when combining different materials Also-very simply, Can be achieved with reduced working time. In turn, Thereby Large and expensive hoists and cranes, which are necessary for building There is no need to use it. The reason is, for example, With a thinner design, Labor of two people Lifted by This is because it can be installed. Shah Ko based on the present invention Nectar manufacturing The cost is low because the design is simple, Industrial as a mass-produced product Can be achieved. Previously, at a considerable expense, A building that could be constructed with considerable difficulty The architecture of Due to the high efficiency of the joining system according to the invention, Now more easily, And can be implemented inexpensively, These architectures are different shapes previously unattainable But you can. Insertion of shear connectors during the manufacturing process, In other words, individual members after bonding Crimping is With remarkable dimensional accuracy, Can be achieved with aesthetics, This is as described above This is not possible with a method for joining the ends. because, I used them If Pre-perforated impossible to keep dowel or shear connector aesthetic Insert into the blind hole, Then glue, Or you have to cross over And Also in this case, visual aesthetics cannot be expected. on the other hand, The girder parts according to the invention are glued together to form a complete girder. so, Insertion of a shear connector previously immersed in adhesive is an intermediate stage, For example horizontal Is done when the two lower halves of the girder are glued together, At this point the shear connector is Precision with millimeter accuracy using simple laser technology option The positioning can be performed with reproducibility. The shear connector is properly inserted As soon as it is entered, Pre-drilled the receiving hole for the mandrel of the shear connector and its position Can be determined. However, This is not an absolutely necessary step. next, It The upper half itself consists of two girder parts glued together in the case of a previous lay It is pressed against the adhesive surface of the lower half of the cliff, on the other hand, Shear connector mandrel at the same time Insert at the top and bottom of the girder, Or crimped. Lower half of gir connector It is possible to pre-crimp inside the part, in this case, Shear connector is final During the bonding process, It is crimped into the lower half of the girder to its final depth. in this way, Obedience In contrast to conventional technology, According to the present invention, a It is clear that it does not take much time. As shown in the previous description, Lie down is very suitable for the joining system according to the invention. are doing. that is, Depending on the method of joining According to the path of the outer ring -Because it has a hollow groove inside so that the connector core material can be inserted optimally It is. This further simplifies ancillary tasks during shipping and transport. Why If you By using the shear connector of the present invention, No longer in the plant No need to prepare large structures, Individual parts with dimensional accuracy at the construction site Can be screwed together, As a result, shipping becomes much easier. This is because the cost can be greatly reduced. As we can transmit power 100% surely, Making static calculations easier. Come And use of certain materials, And easier to classify in terms of their dimensions Can be As a result, certain static states can be more easily created, Lower costs. Ultimately, These advantages are: Not only in terms of manufacturing costs, Simple contact Although not all of the related work is possible due to the possibility of using the integrated system, To a certain part Now you can do it with your own initiative, Building owner, Special In addition, the owner of the house will benefit. Finally, With the above advantages, The joining system according to the invention can be used for the aforementioned applications. In addition, it opens the way to new areas of use, such as the construction of bridges. The invention further provides: The invention also includes an economical method for manufacturing a support member having the above-described connection member. And And what should be emphasized here is that This method is based on the Shah Connect Is not limited to Introduce other types of anchoring or connecting members It is also suitable for The basics of a suitable device for carrying out this method The concept is described in claim 97, Embodiments are in the claims below Has been described. The present invention, for example, A plurality of "tree trunks" with specific alignment of fibers in a known manner Product " Preferably glued together, With a particularly good load bearing capacity As in the case of lying down, which is characterized by In many cases, the support members Multiple It is based on the fact that it consists of It's amazing, Also advantageous Effect. Based on the present invention, Inserting the connecting member is a set of parts of the supporting member Incorporated in the erecting process. But, The present invention is an adhesive laminate And one piece It is possible to apply it to another support member such as In case of one-piece girder , To proceed with the work according to the invention, it must first be disassembled into composite parts. You. It is particularly suitable for the present invention because of its special manufacturing method. sand The side In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, In particular, the connecting members are described in the claims. If the type of shear connector is Available to insert this It has a central groove. When using other support members, first Based on the present invention Significantly impairs the effectiveness of the superior properties of support frames manufactured using shear connectors Without Appropriate grooves must be provided. Referring now to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate some of the preferred and possible embodiments, The present invention This will be described in detail. FIG. 1 shows two connecting parts having a receiving hole as a connecting option. Figure 2 shows a wooden girder attached Connection of four connecting parts in three different directions State. FIG. 3 illustrates an overall support having clear relatively broad major surfaces, for example, one level. It is a detailed view of a holding frame. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a support skeleton having two major surfaces, such as a story. FIG. 5 is a top view of the shear connector. FIG. 6 is longitudinally broken in the middle, The laid-down lower halves glued together. FIG. 7 is a cross-section of FIG. 6 with one shear connector inserted at each end. It is. FIG. 8 shows, in particular, just before joining the two laid down halves, Manufacturing of joining system This is another stage of the manufacturing process. Figure 9 shows the insertion of the shear connector, Sideways finish with connection options at the ends It is a raised product. FIG. 10 shows an example of an adhesive laminate beam. 7 is a drawing corresponding to FIG. FIG. 11 shows an installation state similar to that shown in FIG. 10, The shear connector is “ The front timber structure is inserted instead of "timber." Figure 12 shows the shear connector inserted outside the central longitudinal axis (asymmetrical to the girder cross-section). The installed state is shown. FIG. 13 is an exploded view of a relatively short cross with continuous shear connectors. . 14a to 14e show different cross-sectional shapes of the core material of the shear connector. FIG. 15 is a perspective view of two pairs of transverse connecting nodes held at an angle to each other. And Each pair of rungs is two rungs each located with one shear connector Consists of FIG. 16 is a top view of the installation shown schematically. FIG. 17 shows a part of a tilt feed joining station as part of the installation shown in FIG. It is. 18a and 18b are detailed views of the tilt feed for the shear connector. FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the joining station. FIG. 1 shows a hexagonal bottom plate 2, Two parallel hexagonal upper plates 3 2 shows the connecting part 1 of FIG. The five rectangular end plates 4-1 to 4-5 correspond to each bottom plate 1. And vertically, Connected to these bottom plates, An upper plate 3 is fixed to the upper edge of the free end. They are tied together. These plates are preferably made of steel, Welding to each other Have been. As further shown in FIG. Bottom plate 2, The upper plate 3 and the end plates 4-1 to 4-5 are respectively received. Has a hole 5, Connecting part 1 can be removed to one or more additional connecting parts 1 Attached to Noh, Whether to form a connection node (this is, for example, end plate 4-1 or And 4-5). Or Connections for additional support framing members enable. FIG. 2 shows the assembly of the support frame structure of the support and load-bearing structure in some detail. Shows, The bottom plate 2 and the top plate 3 face in the same direction, And end plate 4-2, 4-3 and So that it can be connected to the tree 6 by 4-4, The four connecting parts 1 have their end plates Connected by 4-1 and 4-5, These plates form the main face of the load bearing And And it extends parallel to the bottom plate 2 and the top plate 3. Therefore, For example, the floor of the hierarchy All that is required is to provide appropriate panels. End plate 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4 are So that each presents an angle of, for example, 45 ° The lug 6 is configured to be detachably screwed to the end plate. The end plates 4-1 and 4-5 are respectively It is perpendicular to the end plates 4-2 and 4-4. The bottom plate 2 is facing down, In the case as shown in FIG. 2 in which the upper plate 3 faces upward, Four Each of the barbs 6 is mounted at right angles to one another on a major surface on the end face of the connecting member 1. Shah Connect proposed in accordance with the present invention (shown by way of example in FIG. 5) It is particularly advantageous to join the joining node 1 and the girder 6 by means of Proven. With these shear connectors, Extra parts can be seen Without impairing the aesthetics of the supporting framework in the finished state, Wood 6 used as connecting part 1 A very simple joining method becomes possible. Of the shear connector and its installation The possibility will be described later. The girder 7 is mounted on the upper plate 3 of the connecting part 1, And the trees that form the main surface Vertically aligned with the beam, Form a support surface. in this case, wood The connection between the girder 7 and the connection node is described in the same manner as described above. FIG. 3 shows an overall connection part 1 with a receiving hole 5 provided in an outwardly facing corner region. Support frame is shown in detail, This removes any desired support framing members. It is possible to attach Support bone in any possible way and direction The sets can be assembled continuously. The main surface of the supporting frame is composed of four connecting parts 1 Formed by a central connecting node consisting of The bottom plate 2 of the connecting part is directed downward. And The upper plate 3 is upward, Four barbs 6 arranged at right angles to each other And It is arranged in a star shape on the connecting node. The girder 6 is the same as described above in connection with FIG. As, That is, each of the connecting members 1 is attached to the connecting node by the end plate 4-3. . At the other end of the same length of timber 6 The connecting part 1 is attached by the end plate 4-3. You. Additional barbs 8 also connect these outer connections by end plates 4-2 and 4-4. Article 1 Is linked to The beam 8 joins the two connecting parts 1 on the outside, And thus the Lord Form a square as the main surface. The downward-facing wooden barb 9 is attached to the bottom plate 2 of the outer connecting part 1, Major aspects above Can be supported. The girder 9 has a support surface arranged perpendicular to the main surface Form. FIG. 4 shows an example of a completed support skeleton, As a result, the actual state shown in FIG. In contrast to the example, The main surface is composed of beams 6 extending parallel to one another. 2 Since the two main faces extend almost parallel to each other at each stage, When there are two adjacent surfaces If The two connecting parts 1 are arranged in the manner shown-one pair with the same assignment as shown in FIG. Are joined together in opposite corner areas, This requires any modifications It clearly shows that the system can be extended at will without any effort. This fruit The advantages of the examples are Each ceiling structure can be manufactured with parallel ceiling beams, At that time On the other hand, only very simple cutting work is required, On the other hand, uniform paneling is possible That is. Of course, On a support surface with connecting parts oriented in the appropriate direction, Diagonally extending complement It is also possible to use fortified. For example, a thin plate can be attached to the main surface of the barb 6. For this purpose, Communicating The upper plate 3 of the tie 1 gives the option of an upward connection. The same The same applies to any section of the support surface of the support skeleton. in this way, Excellent support surface for upper and lower plates in any assembly variations Becomes Remarkably easy to assemble, Screws that can be ultimately done without specialized knowledge Connection is sufficient. FIG. 5 shows a shear connector 13 according to the present invention. That is, Octagon Core material cross section, With mandrels 14 and 14a arranged in rows parallel to the offset This is an example. An end groove in the form of an internal thread 16 is also shown in dashed lines. FIG. As short forms are possible, Joined together, Two pieces to be glued Consisting of split members 11a and 11b, The lower half 11 that lay down in the middle Is shown. The pattern of the end rings is shown schematically. Cutting to a certain size With the special joining method of the individual members 11a and 11b Groove-shaped groove 1 2 Is formed. As shown in FIG. Two shear connectors 13 according to the invention, That is, In the embodiment shown here, the parallel vertical mandrel 1 on the core 15 of the shear connector 4 has a shear connector In the embodiment shown here, each end of the lower half of the beam And is inserted into the groove 12. The core also has a central groove 16 at the end. And Since it has receded from the end face of the beam, At both ends, the so-called “front wood structure” Structure "A" is formed. In the part described above, Shear connector based on the present invention How to design 13 individual parts, The implementation is described in detail. next, In the rest of the manufacturing process, Sideways consisting of two girder members 17a and 17b The upper half 17 is assembled, And glued, Next, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. Pressed from above to the lower half of the laid down prepared as above, and adhered to it, The mandrel 14 is crimped to the laid upper half 7, Or pushed in ("opposite part of mandrel" "Is already crimped in the lower half 11 of the beam in this drawing). As previously mentioned , Pre-drill half of the beam according to the pattern of the mandrel of the shear connector. Both are good measures. After the crimping and bonding work is completed, Thereby, the present invention as shown in FIG. Based joining system is formed, In FIG. 9, the two shears at the end Only the connector 13 is shown. Furthermore, FIG. 9 shows a groove 16 already provided with internal threads. End-coupled to a shear connector 13 in the form of a hex head screw 18 threaded into It also shows one possibility. As mentioned earlier in either part, Shah Kone Kuta itself, In addition, a modified version of the connecting member attached to this Is also good. In particular, Especially if the shear connector protrudes beyond the end of the beam Is Optionally, each shear connector may be provided with a continuous internal thread, So By this inner screw, For example, threaded spins that extend diagonally and / or sideways In the form of dollars, A coupling option is provided that allows for additional direction correction. FIG. 11 and 12 show other possible applications of the invention, That is, bonding la Minate beam 11, 17 shows an example. First of all these beams Shah Ko Before inserting the connector 13, Depending on the corresponding cutting and machining methods, Either In any case, an existing groove 12 must be provided to lie down. Otherwise, Finish The above-mentioned means for producing raised 11/17 can be applied, Yui who lay down One difference is that In the case of an adhesive laminated beam, the two beam halves 11 and 17 are laminated. It is to be configured. In the explanatory state shown in FIG. Shear connector core material 15 Aligned with the end face, It is made not to become the front wood structure A, this is It may be desirable in some applications. FIG. 12 shows another variation. in this case, Shear connector 13 is symmetric Not located It is arranged eccentrically in the cross section of the beam. This is because a certain load In such cases, it has proven to be advantageous, It depends on the load condition Since the shear connector 13 can be arranged in the tension zone, Min support This is because an action corresponding to the connection point can be given in order to disperse. FIG. 13 has a continuous shear connector 12; Immediately after the joining system is completed previous, Shows a relatively short side down 11/17, To keep the drawing simple, Previous FIG. 7, As in the cases of 8 and 9, the mandrel 14 shows only one row, Also, Again, for simplicity, Only a few mandrels 14a in rows on adjacent slopes Not shown (the core of the shear connector shown here has a square cross-section ). FIG. 14 shows some possibilities for the cross section of the core. That is, FIG. Shows a rectangular cross section 15a, FIG. 14b is a schematic of the state inserted in the beam 11/17. FIG. FIG. 14c shows an octagonal cross section 15b, on the other hand, FIG. 14d shows an annular section 15c. Show, FIG. 14e shows a triangular cross section 15d. In all end views of FIG. A possible connection to the shear connector 13 is shown in the form of an internal thread 16. in addition, FIG. 14 illustrates one possibility for mandrel 14 in a parallel orientation. You That is, Half of them are oriented vertically upwards, The other half hangs in the opposite downward direction It is directly facing, in this case, The pressing force required to join the two halves is The rod 14 faces the longitudinal axis direction. The triangular shape shown in FIG. In particular, Sir It is particularly recommended when the lower half is designed flat on the adhesive surface. But of course, The downward mandrel 14 may have a triangular cross section. FIG. 15 particularly clarifies many possible variants according to the invention in the case of special nodes. Shows, Four laid-down 11/17 joined to one another at connection 1 according to the invention Has been Two of them are stacked on top of another in a parallel orientation, Heaven As is common in well corner areas, Two pairs of beams extend at right angles to each other ( See also FIG. 4). Shear connector 13 (Connector is installed in each ) In the embodiment shown here for illustration purposes, project beyond the end face of the beam are doing. In actual use, The digits are of course much longer, The connector at the end is screw Head, Alternatively, just screw the screw into the nut 18 Designed to be mounted. Here, a perspective view is selected as the type shown. Has been FIG. 15 shows a case in which the connecting part 1 is connected in the same manner as in the embodiment shown in FIG. I can't see the connected state of 1/17, Consider especially FIG. 1 and FIGS. 9 and 13. If It will be clear. FIG. 15 further illustrates the special advantages of the connecting part 1 according to the invention, This is the bottom The plate 2 protrudes beyond the upper plate 3 on the side, This forms the support surface, same Sometimes connected beams, Or a stop surface of 11/17 of the sign is also formed, On the one hand this The stop surface absorbs the reaction force to at least partially relieve the load on the shear connector. Take On the other hand, while not necessarily a guarantee, Align at the right angle Because it supports the direction that was made Even for amateurs, complicated vertical surveying, Without level processing Even in a very short time, a building can be constructed at an accurate angle. In some possible embodiments, This drawing first shows the simple design of the joining system , Second, it shows very good and time-saving formation, Emphasize again here The point is that As described above in the drawings, Many variations without exceeding the scope of the invention Some modifications are possible. FIG. 16 basically includes the following parts, That is, the process of the present invention comprising a station It shows the favorable possibilities of equipment to carry out. That is, Feeding unit 22 and A planing line comprising a planing facility 21 having a transfer section 23; A package feeding unit 25 for the crimping line 26; A continuous microwave oven 27; A bonding station 28; A transfer and bonding station 29; A crimping station 211; An adhesive cleaning station 212; Downstream storage, Or, the delivery station 213. The method of introducing at least one coupling member into the support member comprises: Insert into laid down 215 This is implemented as described below with an example of a shear connector 214 to be used. The raw material for the rolled 215 is a wooden board with different cross-sectional dimensions, This is the first The entire surface is planed in the cutting line 24, Next, after the appropriate position is chamfered, Central part Cut at The resulting lay-down 125 has any desired cross-sectional area. It may be. The formed "1/4 split wood" 216 was then manufactured as shown in FIG. Removed from the manufacturing equipment, It is sent to a drilling station (not shown). At this station, The drilled hole is the mandrel pattern of the shear connector 214 To respond to A perforated hole is formed in the inner side 217 of the 215 quartered split timber. Is done. The perforated hole may be provided at any desired position of the quarter wood 216, , It is preferable to provide at one end at a distance from the end face of the beam, Complete "Front wood structure" is formed on the product, Thereby achieved with shear connectors The effect is increased. That is, This is effectively fixed so that it does not fall out, Circle of power The cone is optimized. Shah Connect in the quartered timber 216 prepared without first drilling holes It is also possible to crimp the Hole pattern corresponding to shear connector By inserting The tree fibers are not broken, More fiber and mandrel Touch, As a result, the load bearing capacity of the support member is considerable, For example, about 25% increase . Next, the quarter-split wood 216 is sent to the crimping line 26 via the receptacle 25. , There, it is first heated in a continuous microwave oven 27. About 90 ° C to 100 ° C The degree has proven to be particularly advantageous. With this heating, Subsequent bonding work Can be considerably reduced. On the way to the bonding station 28, 1/4 split wood 216 is connected to subsequent glued seam 21 Wet along 8 Next, the adhesive is applied at the bonding station 28. adhesive Is applied by a rotating nozzle, Thereby the rotation speed and the By changing the distance, accurate weighing becomes possible. At the transfer and bonding station 29, Pre-processing of four quarter wood 216 Is done, A hole is drilled as described above, And at least one Shah Ko Nectar 214 is joined, A cross-over 215 having at least one connecting member It is formed. This is the lower two quarter wood 216a, 216b to an empty mold (Not shown) Immerse the shear connector 214 in the adhesive pot, Lower 1/4 split wood 216a, Insert into 216b hole pattern (s) By entering It can be done by hand alone. next, As well as pre-processed , Perforated upper quarter wood 216c, Shear that 216d fits exactly The lower quarter wood 216a, including the connector (s) 214, 2 16b, The pattern of drilled holes (single or multiple) Number) matches the mandrel pattern of the shear connector (s). Of course Theory, FIG. 18a, As described later based on 18b and 19, Shah -The connector 214 can also be inserted by machine. FIG. 17 shows the joining station 29 in a schematic perspective side view. This step The solution extends to the bottom at a 45 ° angle as shown in FIG. Feed chute 219 The grid bottom itself has a space between And is formed by a plurality of round bars 220 extending in the feeding direction. This kind of salary The sending mechanism is The core material 221 having the mandrel 222 from which the shear connector 214 protrudes Selected for the preferred embodiment comprising: The mandrel is then shown in FIG. Gripped between the rods in the manner shown, In turn, it will be surely guided. Feed chute 219 The reason for setting the tilt position is Thereby, With a core 221 having a square cross section Support and alignment are achieved in the example of a shear connector 214 rear The mandrel 222 inserted into the hole pattern of the quarter wood 216 of the support member is This is because it is made to extend in the direction of the perforated hole. In addition to the feeding shoot 219 described above, Compaction equipment at the joining station 29 224 (see FIG. 17), Repeating device 2 indicated by double arrow A 23 are included. The compacting device 224 includes In the embodiment shown here, Can be moved up and down, The lower free end is connected to the shear connector 214 and the negative A compactor 225 having a buoy profile is included. The repetition device 223 It is aligned parallel to the lower end of the feeding chute 219. Feeding during operation The individual grips the shear connectors 214 individually, Under them compactor 225 Transfer to area. This compacting machine comprises a clamping device 226 arranged laterally on the end face. Accommodates the shear connector 214 by frictional contact. These tightening devices 2 26 is Depending on the design of the end face of the shear connector 214, Does it fit into the groove on the end face , Alternatively, it is designed to reach around the protrusion located on the end face. In FIG. As shown, Each shear connector 214 feeds the chute 21 during the transfer. 9 remains at the angular position. That is, it is vertically aligned with the mandrel 222. Have been Next, the compacting machine 225 moves downward, At least one Shah Kone Kuta 214 with its mandrel 222 Two quarter wood 216a and 21 6b, the laid down lower half 216a, 216b in the hole pattern Inserted. This compacting device comprises a lower half 216a on which a compacting machine 225 lays down, 21 6b until it touches the top surface That is, Mandrel 222 is fully inserted into the wood But The core material 221 is not broken by being pressed into the material of the beam. Move to the extent. in this way, Compaction with feed chute 219 and repeater 223 Due to the mutual arrangement and interaction with the unit 224, The lower half 216a that lay down, 21 Precise alignment and alignment of shear connector 214 to 6b is guaranteed You. The connecting member 214 is in a support member made of a material softer than the connecting member 214 itself. If inserted, The process procedure of the present invention pre-drills a hole in quarter wood 216 It can be implemented without doing so. in this case, The dimensions of the compacting machine 225 Mandrel 222 must be dimensioned to fit into quarter wood 216 . This is a multi-step process, As shown in FIG. 17, which is incorporated in the whole process. The additional function of the automatic joining station 29 comes from the diagram of FIG. This drawing In the embodiment shown in The joining station 29 is a pivot type, And / or times Formed from a rolled longitudinal path and receptacle 227 and a swivel receptacle 228. It consists of two main areas. In this multi-stage joining station 29, stand up A plurality of feed chutes 219 (magazine) distributed in the directions, Compaction unit 224, This makes it possible to manufacture multiple support members simultaneously. Becomes possible, It is economical. Therefore, 1/4 split wood 216 Assembled, Contact Some support members 215 are cut by cutting the attached wood along the vertical axis. It is processed to a length as formed. After cutting wood, Individual support Within each end region of the material 215, Or one shear connector 21 near it or As there are four, Shear connectors 214 are arranged so that they are distributed over the entire length Have been. One pivot receptacle 227 in the longitudinal direction of the joining station 29 has a longitudinal axis. 229 can be rotated around the fulcrum, Preferably four receptacle quadrants 232a, b , c, It comprises a cross-shaped member 231 having d. As shown in FIG. As mentioned earlier, the shear connector 214 must be Pre-processed laid lower half 216a, The step of inserting into 216b Upper right This is done in quadrant 232a. 1/4 split wood 216a, 216b is already glued, It may be pressed (hardening of the adhesive by pressure). Laid lower half 216a, 216b is The position is held by the pressure cylinder 223 on the side. The lower half 216a on which the shear connector (s) 214 lay down, 21 Immediately after being inserted into 6b, The rotary cross member 231 is Shown in upper left quadrant 232b 90 ° counterclockwise until it reaches the position See). at this point, The lower half 216a that lay down, Same as described for 216b Assembled in Glued as an option, The upper half of the laid down crimped 2 16c, Reference numeral 216d denotes a left pivoting wheel aligned in parallel with the rotary cross member 231. Guided by the receptacle 228, as a result, As appropriate with the rotation shaft 234 as a fulcrum The clockwise swiveling motion (curved arrow C) moves to the position shown in the center of FIG. Moved Two folded halves 216a, b and 216c, d are opposite to each other on the horizontal plane In position. The upper half 216c that lay down, 216d is the left turning receptacle 228 Fixedly connected to In turn, this is caused by another pressurizing cylinder 235 that also pivots. The lower half 216a 216b by being pressed horizontally, Mr So that you can adjust the dimensions of the various sides Plate material adjustable in the direction of double arrow D 236 is provided on the left swivel receptacle 228. Pressurizing cylinder 235 By moving The "upper" half 216c that laid down, d is two end faces 2 on both sides It is pushed to the lower half that lay down right until it reaches 37, Shear connector The upper half 216c on which the protruding mandrel 222 (s) also lay down; within d Inserted into Or If there is no hole pattern, Mandrel is pressed into wood . An adhesive is applied to the contacted side surface 237. next, Left U-shaped swivel receptacle, one surface of which is formed by adjustment plate 236 228 is rotated 90 ° counterclockwise about its rotation axis 234 (curved). Arrow C), This results in the upright position shown on the left side of FIG. This is a pressurized It is also clear that the cylinder 235 also makes a pivoting movement. After assembling, Full barbed 215 with shear connector 214 inserted automatically To be lifted into the press There it is glued. In the example described here , The bonding process is performed at a pressure of up to 210 bar and a period of 5 minutes. Connect to production line When the microwave oven 27 is not provided, Longer pressurization work is required Yes, This can be done in a special pressurization station that accommodates multiple digits. Wear. After bonding, The lying down 215 is further cleaned by the adhesive cleaning device 212. The length is 1m, The laid member 215 with the shear connector 214 inserted at one end Manufacturing has proven to be particularly advantageous, And then two such Length of support member with the option of assembling the flexible member and connecting on both sides Can be formed. This step does not insert shear connector 214 , Performed at the joining facility by inserting a laid intermediate member of any desired length It is. Inserting two intermediate members, That is, a three-step joining step is performed It is also possible. In this way, Basically the cross-sectional area is, for example, 10x10c m, Or 10x20cm or 12x24cm, Made of beams up to 12m long Can be built. After the adhesive has finally cured, Planing or chamfering, Or other machining Or any desired known process steps, such as preparing for assembly, can be further performed. is there. The equipment described above together with the process steps shows one possibility for the production of gems according to the invention. It's just that. That is, Omit parts, Replenishment, Exchange and / or union Let me A new production line may be formed to meet given conditions. The following process steps are essential steps for shear connector technology according to the present invention. Up. In particular, The two quarter-split lumbers for the laying are pre-glued to each other, And Already precisely cut into the desired dimensions, Adhesive-coated horizontal quarter-split tree The lumber, or the laid down half, Shah Connect at predetermined position of CNC-controlled automatic drilling machine It is pre-drilled precisely according to the mandrel pattern. Preferably one side is pre-cut to approximately the length of the finished product, And another side exactly finished product 1/4 split lumber pre-cut to length In other words, the laid down half Is Go through the gluing station, A shear connector immersed in adhesive downstream Are inserted into the hole pattern. In the press, The shear connector already inserted was laid down, but it was glued, Then exactly Precisely cut to the dimensions of the finished product, Or trimmed. After this step, Outer surface Finish planing is performed. By optimally configuring a continuous manufacturing stage, The final processing steps are precise trimming of the girder, The final whole of the finished lay down It has been found to be limited to planing the body. It is also possible to use an adhesive laminate beam, In this case, sandwich structure Because it is made Each has a shear connector, How many As in the case of the horizontal design (see FIG. 15), Some shear connectors May be overlapped with each other and inserted into the beam. This allows for many variations, including a laid-down structure with a shear connector inserted inside. Can be formed, Provides dimensional stability comparable to a horizontal steel structure Not only, These products are also excellent in terms of fire protection in practice. Now, Sideways With very precise determination of the opening Above the shear connector position in the vertical axis direction By making such precise decisions as possible, Basically a static point of view To structural parts, For example, a good connection to a steel node according to the invention Will be possible.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (31)優先権主張番号２９７１０４３５．７ (32)優先日平成９年６月16日(1997．6．16) (33)優先権主張国ドイツ（ＤＥ） (31)優先権主張番号１９７３０１６３．０ (32)優先日平成９年７月14日(1997．7．14) (33)優先権主張国ドイツ（ＤＥ） (81)指定国ＥＰ(ＡＴ，ＢＥ，ＣＨ，ＤＥ，ＤＫ，ＥＳ，ＦＩ，ＦＲ，ＧＢ，ＧＲ，ＩＥ，ＩＴ，ＬＵ，ＭＣ，ＮＬ，ＰＴ，ＳＥ)，ＣＡ，ＪＰ，ＵＳ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (31) Priority claim number 29710435.7 (32) Priority Date June 16, 1997 (June 16, 1997) (33) Priority country Germany (DE) (31) Priority claim number 19730163.0 (32) Priority date July 14, 1997 (July 14, 1997) (33) Priority country Germany (DE) (81) Designated countries EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, L U, MC, NL, PT, SE), CA, JP, US

Claims

[Claims] 1. In particular, at least one major surface and at least one extending at an angle thereto A support frame for a building having a support surface and a support surface; Suitable for joining several connecting members with a connecting member (13) inserted inside one Has a metal girder (6 to 9; 1) having at least one metallic connecting part (1). 1/17). 2. A support surface for a building that is disposed between the main surfaces and is perpendicular to the main surface. 2. A support framework according to claim 1, characterized in that it has several parallel major surfaces. 3. Angle-offset at least two timbers (11/17) Spatially oriented connecting parts that can be detachably connected in three dimensions The support skeleton according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by (1). 4. Claims 1 to 3 characterized in that they can be fixed at the ends. The timber for the support framework described. 5. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laying member is laid down. The tree grew. 6. An adhesive beam, in particular an adhesive laminate beam, A bark according to one of items 1 to 4. 7. At least one of the main surface and / or the support surface (s) 7. The tree according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: I got it. 8. At least one connecting member, in particular a shear connector (13) Inside 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second parts are inserted into a part. Tree 9. The shear connector (13) is used to connect internal threads (16) and / or external threads. A barbed girder according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it has: 10. The shear connector (13) is at least one end in position with the end of the beam; Aligned, projecting beyond the end of the beam, or retracting against the beam The girder according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: 11. The shear connector (13) is three-dimensionally connected to the wood shaft; Claims 1 to 10 characterized by the possibility of providing The tree girth described. 12. At least in or parallel to one of the major surfaces of the support skeleton One bottom plate (2) and a parallel to and at a distance from the bottom plate (2). Claims 1 to 3 characterized by at least one upper plate (3) arranged. At least one of the two aspects, in particular at least one of the claims 4 to 11 A connecting part for a supporting skeleton having a single beam. 13. The bottom plate (2) protrudes beyond the top plate (3) on a side surface. The connecting component according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: 14． It is disposed between the bottom plate (2) and the upper plate (3), and is perpendicular to the upper plate. Claim 1 characterized by end plates (4) which are straight and angled with respect to each other. Item 14. The connecting component according to any one of the items 12, 12 or 13. 15. The bottom plate (2) and the top plate (3) are hexagonal in shape. A connecting part according to claim 1 or one of clauses 12 and 14. 16. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said end plate is quadrilateral. Is a connecting component according to one of the twelfth to fifteenth aspects. 17． The end plates (4-1 and / or 4-5) are respectively provided with the end plates (4-2, 4-4). -3 and 4-4) are arranged perpendicular to each other. Item or a connecting component according to any one of Items 12 to 16. 18. The end plates (4-2, 4-3 and 4-4) form an angle of 135 ° with each other. Claims 1 or 12 to 17 characterized by being arranged as follows. A connecting part according to one of the above items. 19. The wood (6) in the bottom plate (2), the top plate (3) and the end plate (4) Claim 1 or Claim 12 or Claim 13 characterized by a coupling option for Item 18. The connecting component according to one of the items 18. 20. The bottom plate (2), the top plate (3) and the end plate (4) are welded together. 20. A method as claimed in claim 1 or one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that: Connecting parts. 21. The connection option is characterized by a perforated hole (5) for receiving a fixing member. A connecting part according to any one of claims 1 or 12 to 20. 22. The end plate (4) is arranged such that the bottom plate (2) and the front plate (2) Claim: The invention according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate is aligned parallel to the parallel side edges of the plate. 22. A connecting part according to any one of the paragraphs 1 or 12 to 21. 23. Preferably features several connecting parts (1) joined together at the ends A connecting part according to claim 1 or one of claims 12 to 22. 24. The barb (6) wherein the bottom plate (2) and the top plate (3) extend into the support surface 24. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a connection option for the user. A support skeleton according to one of the preceding claims. 25. A connecting option for a girder (6) wherein the end plate (4) extends into the main plane. The support according to any one of claims 1 to 24, further comprising: Skeleton. 26. Several parallel beams (6) are arranged in the main plane as a ceiling structure The support skeleton according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that: 27. That said ceilings consist only of girders (6, 8) running parallel to each other 27. A support skeleton according to claim 26, characterized by the fact that: 28. A core (15) having a protruding mandrel (14); Shah Ko having at least one connection option (16) in the area at one end Preferably one of claims 4 to 11, characterized by a connector (13). And / or according to one of claims 12 to 23. Claims 1 to 3 in which at least one connecting part is used. A connection member for a support framework according to one of the claims. 29. 27. A shear core according to claim 26, characterized by a rod-shaped core (15). Nectar. 30. 30. A method according to claim 28 or 29, characterized by a straight core material (15). On-board shear connector. 31. Claim 28 or Claim 29 characterized by a corrugated or raised core. Shear connector as described in 1. 32. 28. No claim 28 characterized by a core material (15c) having a round cross section. 32. A shear connector according to one of the preceding items 31. 33. Claim 28. The core material (15c) having a circular cross section. 33. A shear connector according to one of the items 32. 34. Core material (15a, 15b, 15c) having a polygonal cross section A shear connector according to one of claims 28 to 33. 35. 35. A core material (15c) having a triangular cross section. Shear connector as described in 1. 36. A method according to any one of claims 28 to 35, characterized by a corrugated core material surface. The shear connector described. 37. Claims 28 to 36 characterized by a raised core material surface. A shear connector according to one of the preceding claims. 38. A thread according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises an internal thread (16) at at least one end of said core. Item 38. The shear connector of any one of Items 28 to 37. 39. Claims characterized by coupling options, especially internal threads extending in the longitudinal axis of the core. 39. A shear connector according to any one of paragraphs 28 to 38. 40. The mandrel (14, 14a) is integrally connected to the core (15). 40. A shark connector according to one of claims 28 to 39, characterized in that: Ta. 41. The mandrels (14, 14a) are aligned parallel to one another. The shear connector according to any one of claims 28 to 40, wherein: 42. The axis of the mandrel extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the core material. 42. A shear connector according to one of claims 28 to 41. 43. Half of the mandrel (14, 14a) points in one direction and the other half in the opposite direction 43. The shark according to claim 41 or claim 42, wherein Nectar. 44. The mandrel (14, 14a) is evenly distributed on the outer surface of the core. 44. A shear connector according to one of claims 28 to 43, characterized in that: Kuta. 45. The mandrel (14, 14a) is irregularly, especially Claims 28 to 43, characterized in that they are distributed for The shear connector described. 46. The mandrels (14, 14a) are arranged in parallel rows on the outer surface of the core (15). 46. The arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the arrangement is arranged. Shear connector. 47. A row of the mandrels (14) is connected to at least one adjacent parallel row of the cores; Claims: Arranged offset with respect to the rod (14a). Item 46. The shear connector according to any one of Items 28 to 45. 48. The fourth row of core rods faces in each direction. 48. A shear connector according to one of clauses 3 to 47. 49. The row of mandrels extends in a straight line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core. 50. The shear connector of one of paragraphs 46-48. 50. 46. The system of claim 46, wherein the rows of mandrels extend diagonally. 55. A shear connector according to one of the items 48. 51. Claim 28. The tapered surface of the mandrel (14, 14a). Item 51. The shear connector of any one of Items 50 to 50. 52. Claims characterized by at least one relief groove in each mandrel (14, 14a). 52. A shear connector according to any one of the paragraphs 28-51. 53. The relief groove is designed to surround the mandrel (14, 14a). 53. The shear connector as set forth in claim 52, wherein said connector. 54. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein said mandrel features a spiral peripheral ridge on the surface of said mandrel. 54. A shear connector according to one of the paragraphs 53. 55. 54. The method according to claim 28, wherein the surface is a serrated mandrel. The shear connector described in (1). 56. Claims 28 to 28 characterized in that they are manufactured by casting. 55. A shear connector according to one of the items 55. 57. Press molding, punching, compression molding, edging, nibbling, milling Claims characterized by being manufactured by machining, lathing and / or forming. The shear connector of any one of paragraphs 28-55. 58. Iron, cast iron, cast steel, brass, aluminum or ceramic and / or 58. The chassis according to claim 56, wherein the chassis is made of sheet metal. -Connector. 59. The shear connector (13) grew during the girder manufacturing process (11/1). Claim 7 characterized by being inserted, crimped and / or glued in Use at least one shear connector according to one of paragraphs 28 to 58 Are fittings. 60. The shear connector (13) is located at at least one end at the end of the beam. 60. The coupling of claim 59, wherein the coupling is aligned. 61. The shear connector (13) projects beyond the end face of the beam; The joint according to claim 59, characterized in that: 62. The shear connector (13) is at its outer end with respect to the end face of the beam. The joint according to claim 59, wherein the joint is retracted. 63. One shear connector (13) at each end of the beam (11/17) 63. A joint according to one of claims 59 to 62, characterized in that: 64. That said shear connector (13) extends through the entire length of said beam; 63. A coupling as claimed in any one of claims 59 to 62. 65. The shear connector is at one end by a bar located at the center of the beam 63. One of claims 59 to 62 characterized by being connected to each other The described joint. 66. The shear connector extends laterally through the girder (11/17) A joint according to one of claims 59 to 65, characterized in that: 67. The shear connector (s) (13) are placed in a tension zone. Claim 65. The method according to any one of Claims 59 to 65, wherein Fittings. 68. Said shear connector (s) (13) has at least one Claims 59-67 characterized by being located within the axis of symmetry. The joint according to one. 69. Ensure that the shear connector (s) (13) are arranged asymmetrically A joint according to one of claims 59 to 67, characterized in that: 70. Several shear connectors (13) were found within the beam (11/17) Claims 59 to 59 characterized in that they are suitably inserted parallel to each other. 70. The coupling according to one of the clauses 69. 71. Claims 59 to 70 characterized by the option of connecting both ends. A coupling according to one of the preceding clauses. 72. Wood-wood, wood-steel and / or wood-steel-concrete A similar pair of materials is used, including the board structure and optionally plastic. 72. The coupling according to one of claims 59-71, wherein 73. Claiming any desired combination for a composite support member 72. The joint according to item 72. 74. At least one connecting member, in particular at least one shear connector At least partially wooden support members, especially those guided in a wooden, preferably reclined In the law, .At least two support member parts that can be joined to make one unit Articles (11 and 17) are produced, -At least one connecting member (13) is inserted into at least one supporting member part. Entered .The parts are joined together to form at least one support member A method characterized by the following. 75. A method for manufacturing a support framework according to one of claims 1 to 25. 75. The method according to claim 74, wherein the method is used for: 76. At least one at least partially receiving said coupling member (13) Groove (12) is incorporated in at least one part (11; 17) A method according to claim 74 or claim 75, wherein 77. By joining the four parts (11, 11b, 17a, 17b) 77. The method according to claim 74, wherein the support member is manufactured. A method according to one of the preceding claims. 78. Contractor characterized in that the four (individual) parts have essentially the same cross section Clause 74. The method of any one of clauses 74-78. 79. 74. The seventy-fourth aspect of the present invention, wherein the traverse is used as a support member. The method according to one of paragraphs through 78. 80. The adhesive laminate beam is used as a support member. 78. The method according to any one of clauses 74-76. 81. A number of cores (15) with projecting mandrels (14, 14a) It is noted that the shear connector (13) is inserted into each support member (11/17). 81. The method according to one of claims 74 to 80, characterized by the claims. 82. Form a hole pattern corresponding to the mandrel pattern of the shear connector The support member component is provided with a hole so that Item 81. The method according to Item 81. 83. The shear connector (13) having its mandrel (14) is Inserted into the hole, and then the hole is provided and the remaining needed for the support member Parts (17a, b) are joined, and the remaining mandrel is attached to the remaining parts (17a, b). 83. The device according to claim 81 or 82, wherein the device is inserted into the hole. Method. 84. Connecting said shear connector (13) to at least one part of said support member After essentially coaxial alignment with the shaft, the mandrel (14) of the shear connector is It is crimped into the part (s) (11) of the holding member and then The required remaining parts (17) are joined to this, and then the mandrel still protrudes Claim 8 wherein the (14) is crimped into the remaining part (17). 90. The method according to one of clauses 1 to 83. 85. 74. The component according to claim 74, wherein the component is heated. 84. The method according to one of clauses 84-84. 86. The parts (11, 17) are wetted and / or mutually and Claims 74 to 85 characterized by being joined to the tie member (13). A method according to one of the preceding clauses. 87. Claim 86. The adhesive of claim 86 wherein the adhesive is cured under pressure. The method described. 88. The cross section and / or size of the groove is essentially the same as the shear connector core ( Item 15) corresponds to Item 15) to Item 87). The method according to one. 89. Said support member parts, especially the cross-sections already precisely cut out and glued Of the 1/4 split wood, ie the laid half wood, is in a predetermined position in the CNC-controlled automatic drilling machine. Pre-drilled based on the mandrel pattern of the shear connector The method according to one of claims 81 to 88. 90. The support member part is precut to a precise finishing length at least at one end , Passed through the gluing station and after gluing, Claims 81 through 81 wherein the inserter is inserted into the pattern of holes. 90. The method according to one of the items 89. 91. Adhesive laminate beam having the shear connector core material (13) inside Or laid down (11/17) is glued, preferably under the action of heat, and then finished Claim 8 characterized in that it is cut or trimmed precisely to a vertical dimension. 90. The method according to paragraph 9 or paragraph 90. 92. Claim 91. The outer surface is precisely ground. The method described. 93. A shear connector (13) is inserted between and several layers adhere to each other A method according to one of claims 86 to 92, characterized in that it is performed. 94. The shear connector is guided to only one end of the support member. A method according to one of claims 74 to 93, wherein the method comprises: 95. Each with a shear connector at one end, optionally any desired Joining two support members with at least one intermediate member of length to form the support 95. The method according to claim 94, wherein a desired length of the member is achieved. Law. 96. The support member may be a finger joint or an intermediate member (single or multiple). 97. The method according to claim 95, wherein the method is joined to a number. 97. A connecting member (single or plural) (13) is connected to an end face (single or plural) of the supporting member. Are inserted at a distance (A) in the axial direction from the plurality). The method according to one of paragraphs 74-96. 98. Preferably by a method according to one of claims 74 to 97. To support at least one connecting member, in particular at least one shear connector In an apparatus for insertion into a member, the prepared support member part (216) is connected. Transfer and joining steps into which at least one coupling member (214) is inserted. (29). 99. Device according to claim 98, characterized by a planing installation (21). 100. Claim 98 or Claim 99 characterized by a drilling station The described device. 101. Claims 98 to 98 characterized by a continuous microwave oven (27). The device according to one of the hundred items. 102. Features bonding station (28) and crimping station (211) Apparatus according to one of claims 98 to 101. 103. 98. The adhesive cleaning device (212), wherein the adhesive cleaning device (212) is provided. 110. The apparatus according to one of paragraphs 102. 104. Said transfer station and / or multi-stage joining station (29) Are at least one feed chute (219) for said coupling member (214) and Claim: At least one multifunctional support device (227) for a support member component. 104. The apparatus according to one of paragraphs 98-103. 105. Feed chute (219) and repeat unit (223) at the end A magazine which belongs to said joining station (29). 105. The apparatus according to one of paragraphs 98-104. 106. Extending parallel to the length of the multi-part joining station (29) Support parts (227, 228) are rotatable about their long axes (229 and 234) The joining station (29) operatively mounted. The device according to one of the clauses 98-105. 107. The rotatably mounted support portions (227, 228) are in their rotational position. Are associated with each other and at a preselected position, the support member parts are Claim 98 characterized by being able to be interactively joined to 107. The apparatus according to one of clause 106.