DE19701458C1 - Support structure, particularly for buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

In the planes, are arranged wooden supports (11, 13, 17) with inserted connecting components (13) and at least one connecting part (1), preferably of metal for connecting several supports. Several main planes run parallel to each other and between them are vertical to them are support planes of the building. Spacewise orientated connecting parts (1) in their three dimensions have the possibility of angularly displaced, releasable connection for at least two wooden supports (11, 13, 17). End-side fixture possibilities are available on the wooden support. The wooden support is a cross beam, acting as an adhesive binder. In it, is installed a connecting component, particularly a compound anchor (13).

Description

The invention relates to a timber construction connection, in particular for structures.

Fasteners for use on different Components, in particular differently so probably in terms of shape as well as material, are in a lot fold known embodiments. You come in particular especially important for construction systems that are exposed to stresses, such as this for example in buildings and the like. Here ha different types of support systems have become established both with regard to the materials to be used as also the vigorous exertion differently must meet the most stringent requirements. This applies before ranked for the load capacity of the individual parts and the Overall structure - also taking into account the purpose moderate as well as for the optical overall and detail pressure.

A typical example of the Kon mentioned here structures is the timber construction, in which beams or the like. Support elements with each other to form stable wall, floor and / or roof structures. Come here different material combinations are also used, d. H. the material wood can with concrete as a filling material as well as combined with plastic or metal parts will. Solid wood and planks are used for the material wood  plywood and other wood-based materials in question, whereby the solid wood in the form of logs, beams, squared wood zer, planks and, more recently, crossbeams in Question right compared to the size of their cross section to absorb and transfer relatively high forces in the Location.

Connections, especially in the area of the ends of these Components are developed in a variety of ways and put into practice been introduced. Let me give you an example specified some known options, such as B. across to the longitudinal axis of the beam in the area of tongue and groove ver bindings driven dowels with bolts and additional Chen screw nails or nail connections with cover flaps or tenon with transverse hardwood dowels or recessed T-steel with dowels or pegs, ins special shear pins and the like. More. Front end to As is known, conclusions can also be drawn from a so-called called beam butt can be achieved by means of cross-directional dowel of special design the beam sides in the area of their ends on both sides with supporting parts for Power transmission are occupied.

All these connections have the considerable disadvantage that the systems built with it are very complex are, both in the manufacture - so z. B. at Butt joints in the supporting parts to be connected Pins and grooves to be formed - as well as in terms of the large number of individual parts required in the exercise adapted and expensive and often on site in mon unfriendly positions must be mounted. In addition, these known connections  Only implement systems in such a way that they are visible to the outside are, unless in the areas concerned, e.g. B. in Area of the tabs, or dowel faces, would too additional lamination measures.

In an effort to at least alleviate these disadvantages gladly, suggestions have been made that are head-on term connection of the aforementioned support elements, in particular provided by wooden beams. This includes a dowel connection that works with steel anchors that are in wood materials are glued in. To do this, you first have to face milled on the side to make the dowel insert and glue there, with which an ent speaking attachment as a connection means brought. Apart from that because of the necessary reliable adhesive layer and tools depends on the depth of the cut and thus the length of the dowel and thus again the load-bearing capacity, especially the tractive capacity are limited, the effort involved in production this composite system is not insignificant and requires additional steps in the manufacture of this Support element, namely the milling of a suitable face hole and then gluing one matching dowels.

In another known proposal, so-called Anchor related, the transverse to the longitudinal axis of the support element need brought rod dowels. This well-known system consists of five basic elements, namely dowels, Anchor body, sealing compound, connecting screw and an welding socket. This known system therefore at least least also the disadvantages indicated above, where  additionally the filling with grout and the be mentioned optical impairment already mentioned are.

In EP 0 159 452 A1, node connections for wooden rods are shown and described which are suitable for trusses, ie only for tension and compression rods. In the prior art, such as Fig. 3 shows in EP 0 159 452 A1, a targeted, the connec tion element in terms of length and depth recess must be made in an additional step in the beam parts.

The invention is based on the problem of timber construction propose connection that the aforementioned disadvantages does not own, but rather in particular records that without additional measures its elements are not visually recognizable, at the same time the Number of parts required for this connection minimized and the installation effort to one minimal effort is reduced.

The object is achieved with a Holzbauver bond, especially a composite anchor according to Pa Claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments his surprisingly simple solution concepts are in specified in the subclaims. In addition to the simplicity of proposed with the invention, in particular by the claimed installation of the new composite anchor achieved composite systems, these are characterized by  a reliably comparatively extraordinarily high Efficiency from 100%.

A "crossbar" is a bar that by cutting one or more tree trunks and Rotate the sections around their longitudinal axis and then Connect these parts to a new bar stands, whereby by the then inside, originally Lich the outer surface of the tree or the tree-forming curved surfaces are essentially centric along the cross bar extending opening ent stands.

By using a Crossbars result in surprising benefits in particular consists in the fact that in addition to saving Wood and minimizing shrinkage cracks at the same time the outdoor area, which is more resilient at times is arranged internally and thus bezo on the beam in the non-force-transmitting plane (neutral fiber), which is actually statically unusual, because it would be normal to use the crossbar for example, one connecting element in each of the four corners to provide, as well as known types of connection of Cross bars show, but not in the center. When invented the composite system according to the invention is the connecting element on a statically unusual level and is thus not exposed to any bending forces.

Furthermore, the invention adopts the fact use a zen that is already present on crossbeams  trical axial recess for inserting the connector is used.

Finally, the other part of the invention does Characteristic of the targeted resetting of the inserted Connection element opposite the beam end face che, which leads to the so-called "Vorholz", an essential Lich cheaper decomposition of the tensile force in the ring pull force because it has a flatter cone of force and a larger creates outer peripheral surface for the power transmission on the other hand, radially to favor splitting external force components over a larger order catchment area can be recorded or derived.

The proposal according to the invention, the one of the previously known connection proposals completely different way for the first time enables a kind of "indoor verna success ", which opens up unpredictable applications net. Apart from the possible material spa Shortening of the bearing loads Lanyard captivates the novel connection through a simple structure that no belayer to additional elements.

Depending on the dimensions and spatial conditions units and load requirements varied, in Individual significant benefits designs feasible. This applies to both the Ver bundanker itself as well as for the support elements, and although u. a. both in terms of shape and material  the anchor as well as the type of connection of the Support elements.

So the core of the composite anchor can be in its simplest Shape rod-shaped and the spines can be smoother Be designed surface. The core will be in further Design not straight but wavy guided, so it is an even more secure hold aims with the consequence that the tie anchor is shorter can be. In this sense, another ver improvement can be achieved in that the core surface is corrugated or provided with elevations. Also there The cross-sectional shape of the core is different their possible; so the core can unite round, in particular circular cross section or a polygonal, especially square or three have a square cross-section.

Also the connection options that at least one Core ends are provided in a variety of ways conceivable, with a front internal thread at least one core end as particularly advantageous has issued. In this internal thread, for example a threaded pin or the like is screwed in, the additional connecting elements at its free end can wear or also hook, ball, button, loop-shaped or can be configured similarly. As part of the Invention, it is also possible to face the end of the core to provide an external thread or a threaded bolt with smaller diameter than the core diameter men. In addition, the composite anchor can be used in a at least one other component to be connected  be inserted and if necessary also extend across the beam.

In the simplest embodiment, the mandrels are in one piece connected to the core and can be both irregular moderately or evenly on the outer surface of the Core be distributed. Also in terms of their axial Orientation are different depending on the requirements Variants possible, with regard to the methods to be explained in detail below to insert the anchor in the support element at the Production of the composite system for a maximum load has proven to be advantageous, the mandrel axes run perpendicular to the core longitudinal axis let, in particular half of the number of Mandrels in one direction and the other half in that point in the opposite direction.

If the mandrels are parallel to each other, results for the insertion (pressing) of the composite anchors in the support elements the advantage is relatively lower penetration forces to be applied. The thorns can on the outer surface of the core along its longitudinal axis in parallel rows can be arranged, the mandrels one Row at least one adjacent to the thorns th parallel row.

The number in each of the two is above rows of thorns pointing in accordance with the requirements Any, but have a diamond shape gene, in particular square cross-section of the core four rows of mandrels pointing in one direction as  proven to be advantageous, again two rows each are on one of the square side surfaces. The Rows of pins can also be straight and parallel to the core longitudinal axis but also diagonally to this ver to run.

As already mentioned, the thorns have in their one most professional execution a smooth surface; this can however, also be graded, with at least one Undercut is located on each mandrel, which is the mandrel can be formed all around. The surface can ever but also designed similar to a drill nail be a circumferential, especially spiral bead have or be shaped like a sawtooth.

Preferably, the mandrels are integral with the core tied, which is particularly the case if the Cast anchor is cast and made of iron, for example, Malleable iron, cast steel, brass or aluminum; ceramic production is also possible. Can too the composite anchor according to the invention from sheet metal be put. Overall, offer themselves as manufacturing process in particular pressing, punching, pressing, Kan nibbling, milling, turning and / or suitable forming proceed depending on the material and requirements.

As already mentioned, the Ver bundanker a network system possible with which a forehead side connection of support elements is to be created. The quasi-internal nagging mentioned in this context This makes the tie anchor in the support element is sufficient that the or the composite anchor in the support element  is inserted or pressed in or pressed in or will. The supporting elements in question are therefore follow such that it consists of several sub-elements hen, such as this with so-called crossbars the case is that of preferably four accordingly cut bar quarters familiar with the expert the special alignment of the tree rings to each other be glued together to give a particularly high To achieve load capacity.

For the alignment and position of the composite anchors are ver different positions possible, but normally everyone Beam receives an anchor at each end. For short balls ken or with the possible transverse insertion of the anchor in Beams can or the anchor (s) go through extend the entire beam length or thickness. A yourself composite anchor extending across the beam emp is u. a. at crossing points, where a or several more bars, each with the front connected to the anchor located at the crossing point to be connected.

The anchor can have an external thread or an attached or cast threaded pin be seen to the above section accordingly use, e.g. B. also in the form of a button bar, or by lateral connection options, e.g. B. by means of cross running internal thread. By the set back Position of the composite anchor creates a so-called "Vorholz", which still has the effect intended with the anchor increased, d. H. this even more effective against out tear secures.  

Depending on the load, the person lies Composite anchor in at least one axis of symmetry; she can also be at a sufficient distance from the Side surface of the bar in the pull zone who arranged the.

As already mentioned, the invention is suitable Compound system for diverse constructions, such as Wood-wood, wood-steel and / or wood-steel-concrete con structures, and of course also in Kombina tion with plastic as a supporting element and also in others than the previously specified material combinations components made of composite materials.

With the invention leading to a 100% transmission efficiency leads to economic and ecological gisch advantageous way considerable volume of wood ge saves because the dimensions and cross sections of the woods, which are used in the respective constructions, can be kept slimmer. In addition, the Assembly of the constructions - also in combination different materials - very simple and time-saving rend. This eliminates the need for construction, for example NEN, where wooden beams are used, the now due to their slimmer design with two working forces can be raised and relocated, large and expensive hoists. The preparation of the invention Composite anchor is due to its simple structure also inexpensive and also industrial as a mass product rationally possible.  

Building constructions with the previous connection average only with considerable effort and often only are very difficult to implement, can be achieved through the high efficiency of the composite system according to the invention easier and cheaper and also in other realizing forms that have not been achieved before.

Pressing in the composite anchor during production process - gluing with subsequent pressing the beam sections - is extremely accurate and under optical observation possible, what at the beginning he mentioned previously known frontal connection is not the case, because with these the dowel or anchor in a predrilled, invisible sack insert a hole and glue it out of sight or must be dowelled crosswise. In contrast, the Invention the bar parts to a complete bar like this glued together that the insertion of the compound anchor in an intermediate stage, e.g. B. if the two un glued to the other halves of a crossbeam to which At that point in time the compound anchor is given exactly if repeatable using simple laser techniques, can even be positioned to the millimeter. As soon as the anchor is inserted accordingly, the Positioning a pre-pressing done, but not is absolutely necessary; then the upper part of the bar, in the case of a crossbar, it is made up of two previously glued together wooden beam parts on which glued surface of the lower half of the beam pressed on, the anchor pins in the upper and un tere part of the bar pressed or pressed; in the case of the aforementioned pre-pressing of the anchor in the  lower half of the bar is then during the end ver Glue to the final depth in the lower beams half pressed. From this it becomes clear that for the one bring the composite anchor according to the invention in the sub to the state of the art practically no time was required is done.

As shown above, are suitable Crossbar excellent for the Ver invention bundle system, since this is inherently due to the appropriate assembly by the course of the outer Tree rings have an inner hollow channel in which the anchor core fits optimally.

Transport logistics are also made considerably easier, because by using the composite according to the invention kers large structures are no longer prepared in the factory must be, but the individual parts on the construction site screwed to size and thus follow through the transportation facilities saved transportation costs can be.

Due to the reliable 100% power transmission also make the static calculations easier and can regarding the use of certain materia lien and the dimensions to be provided easier typed and therefore special statics in the future ter and thus also cheaper.

Ultimately, these advantages also benefit the client especially in the case of homes, and not only with regard to the production costs, but also  due to the possibility of the simple composite system to be used in such a way that certain, if not even all related work in egg gene initiative can be carried out.

The advantages mentioned open up for the invention Finally, the composite system also mentioned above ten applications, new areas of application, e.g. B. in Bridge construction.

Using the accompanying drawings, in which preferred Embodiments are shown, the inventions tion described in more detail below. Show it:

Figure 1 interrupted the glued lower half of a cross bar lengthwise.

FIG. 2 shows the crossbeam part according to FIG. 1 with an inserted composite anchor at each end;

Figure 3 shows a further step in the manufacturing process of the composite system, just before joining the two glued crossbar parts.

Fig. 4, the finished crossbar with pressed-in anchors and end-side options;

Fig. 5 is an exploded view illustration of a relatively short crossbar with continuous composite anchor;

Fig. 6a to 6e different cross-sectional shapes of the anchor cores; and

Fig. 7 is a plan view of a composite anchor.

The invention is based on the example of producing a Compound system described with a cross bar.

Fig. 1 shows the lower half 1 of a cross beam - interrupted in the middle part to achieve a shortened view - which consists in a known manner of two partial beam pieces 1 a and 1 b glued together. The course of the tree rings is shown schematically on the end face. Due to the special assembly of the accordingly cut sections 1 a and 1 b, a groove-like groove 2 results on the upper side.

Referring to FIG. 2 in this groove 2, two shear connector 3 according to the invention - is inserted, namely in the embodiment shown here, with par allel and perpendicularly directed thorns 4 on the armature core 5 which - in the illustrated embodiment at each the end of the lower beam half 1 of a is otherwise provided with a central recess 6 on the end face. In the previous descriptive part was described in detail, in which way the individual components of the anchor anchor 3 according to the invention can be designed and executed.

In the further course of the production process is then a correspondingly from two partial beams pieces 7 a and 7 b existing upper cross-beam half 7 glued together, and according to Fig 3 from above in accordance with Figure 2 is prepared lower cross-beam half 1 pressed and glued together with this, the mandrels. 4. - their "antipodes" have already penetrated into the lower cross bar half 1 - pressed or pressed into the upper cross bar half 7 .

After completion of the pressing and gluing process, the composite system according to the invention as shown in FIG. 4 results, in which the two ends of Verbundan ker 3 have been made visible by dashed lines for clarification. Incidentally, FIG. 4 is a possibility of an end Anbin dung to the anchors 3 in the form of a screwed-in with the nengewinde In recess 6 provided screw 8 with a hexagonal head. As already stated elsewhere, modifications of the front end of the anchor itself as well as of the connection elements which may be attached to it are of course possible. In particular, each tie anchor can be provided with perpendicular, possibly continuous internal threads running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, which then enable corresponding further connection-modifiable connection options, for example in the form of obliquely and / or transversely extending threaded spindles.

In Fig. 5, a relatively short cross beams is shown just before completion of the composite system which is provided with a continuous shear connector 3 from which similar to simplify the illustration, as in the to prior described FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 only one row of mandrels 4 is shown completely, while from the row on the adjacent inclined surface - the core of the composite anchor shown here is square in cross section - only a few mandrels 4 a are shown for reasons of clarity.

Fig. 6 shows some possible core cross-sections, namely, Fig. 6a shows a square core cross-section 5a, FIG 6b schematically illustrates the insert 7 reproduces. In a bar 1 / in end view.

Fig. 6c shows an octagonal cross-section 5b, while a triangular cross section is shown in Figure 5 d. 6d an annular cross-section 5c and in Fig. 6e. In all end views of FIG. 6, the connection possibility on the anchor 3 in the form of an internal thread of the 6 is indicated.

Furthermore, Fig. 6 shows a possibility of the parallel alignment of the mandrels 4 , each half vertically upwards and the other half oppositely vertically downwards, in which case the press-in forces for joining the two beam halves in the direction of the longitudinal axis the spines 4 run. The triangular shape of FIG. 6 may be advisable in particular where the lower half of Ver bund elements is designed on the adhesive surface up. Of course, mandrels 4 could also be provided with a triangular cross section pointing downwards.

Finally, a composite anchor according to the invention is shown in plan view in FIG. 7, specifically in the embodiment with an octagonal core cross section and with thorns 4 and 4 a aligned in parallel rows parallel to one another. The front recess in the form of an internal thread 6 is also shown in dashed lines.

The drawings illustrate only a few examples the possible embodiments on the one hand the simple Construction and secondly the extremely cheap and time-saving producing the composite system, although here It should be emphasized that, as in the drawing Purification previous description executed, manly Wrinkled modifications are possible without the scope of the Leaving invention.

Claims (36)

1. Timber construction connection, especially for structures, be made up of at least

• 1. - a cross bar ( 1 , 7 ) and
• 2. - at least one in the area of the axial recess ( 2 ) of the cross beam with its outer end opposite the beam end face is inserted composite anchor ( 3 ),
• 3. - with a rod-shaped core ( 5 )
• 4. - protruding thorns ( 4 , 4 a) as well
• 5. - There is a connection possibility ( 6 ) at at least one core end.

2. Connection according to claim 1, characterized by a rectilinear core ( 5 ). 3. Connection according to claim 1 or 2, characterized through a wavy core. 4. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized marked by a round cross-section core ( 5 c). 5. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a circular cross-section core ( 5 c). 6. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by a polygonal cross-section core ( 5 a, 5 b, 5 d). 7. Connection according to claim 6, characterized by egg nen in cross-section triangular core ( 5 d). 8. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized features a corrugated core surface. 9. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized is characterized by a core surface with elevations. 10. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by an end face internal thread ( 6 ) on at least one core end. 11. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 10, ge characterized by a cross to the core longitudinal axis ongoing connection option, especially in thread. 12. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the mandrels ( 4 , 4 a) are integrally connected to the core ( 5 ). 13. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the mandrels ( 4 , 4 a) are aligned parallel to each other. 14. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 13, there characterized in that the mandrel axes are vertical run to the core longitudinal axis. 15. A compound according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that one half of the number of mandrels ( 4 , 4 a) point in one direction and the other half in the opposite direction. 16. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the mandrels ( 4 , 4 a) are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the core. 17. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 15, there characterized in that the spikes are irregular the core outer surface are distributed. 18. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the mandrels ( 4 , 4 a) are arranged in pa rallel rows on the outer surface of the core ( 5 ). 19. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the mandrels ( 4 ) of a row offset to the mandrels ( 4 a) at least one neigh disclosed parallel row are arranged. 20. A compound according to any one of claims 15 to 19, there characterized by that four rows of thorns each point in one direction. 21. A compound according to any one of claims 18 to 20, there characterized in that the rows of thorns straight nig and run parallel to the core longitudinal axis. 22. A compound according to any one of claims 18 to 20, there characterized in that the rows of thorns diagonally run. 23. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized by a stepped surface of the mandrels ( 4 , 4 a). 24. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized by at least one undercut on each mandrel ( 4 , 4 a). 25. Connection according to claim 24, characterized in that the undercut the mandrel ( 4 , 4 a) is formed all the way round. 26. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 25, ge is characterized by a spiral around it Bead on the surface of the mandrel. 27. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 25, ge characterized by a sawtooth-shaped mandrel surface.   28. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the tie rod ( 3 ) is cast ge. 29. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 27, there characterized in that the composite anchor through Pressing, punching, pressing, edging, nibbling, milling, Turning and / or forming is produced. 30. A compound according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the composite anchor ( 3 ) consists of iron, Tem perguß, cast steel, brass, aluminum or ceramic and / or is made of sheet metal. 31. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the composite anchor ( 3 ) during the manufacturing process of the wooden component, in particular a beam ( 1 , 7 ) is pressed into this or these. 32. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized by in each case a compound anchor ( 3 ) at each end of the beam ( 1 , 7 ). 33. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the composite anchor ( 3 ) extends through the entire length of the beam. 34. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that the or the composite anchor ( 3 ) is or are in the tension zone. 35. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that the or the composite anchor ( 3 ) lie in at least one axis of symmetry. 36. Connection according to one of claims 1 to 35, ge characterized by both connection options.