EP0949224A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un objet à partir d'un matériau granulaire, tube allumeur et charge propulsive obtenus avec un tel procédé - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'un objet à partir d'un matériau granulaire, tube allumeur et charge propulsive obtenus avec un tel procédé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0949224A1 EP0949224A1 EP99400732A EP99400732A EP0949224A1 EP 0949224 A1 EP0949224 A1 EP 0949224A1 EP 99400732 A EP99400732 A EP 99400732A EP 99400732 A EP99400732 A EP 99400732A EP 0949224 A1 EP0949224 A1 EP 0949224A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- binder
- igniter tube
- boron
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0058—Shaping the mixture by casting a curable composition, e.g. of the plastisol type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0803—Primers; Detonators characterised by the combination of per se known chemical composition in the priming substance
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of methods of making objects from a material granular and in particular methods of manufacturing objects in energetic materials.
- This document also describes a method of making of such an igniter tube, process in which a binder layer such as collodion on an interior wall of a tubular support, then we distribute on this binder grains of black powder so as to achieve a first layer. We repeat the operations of removing binder and black powder to obtain the desired tube.
- a binder layer such as collodion on an interior wall of a tubular support
- This process has the disadvantage of being too slow to authorize manufacturing on an industrial scale. Moreover it does not sufficiently control the thickness of the black powder deposit, so the ignition properties of the tube igniter. Finally the mechanical characteristics of this tube are insufficient and the use of a support tubular is essential when it risks disturbing combustion of the igniter.
- the binder progresses to the upper part of the mold and ensures the coating of the powder grains without leaving remain of air bubbles or porosities.
- This process is well suited for making blocks propellants for propellants for which it is essential to avoid porosities which cause random modifications of the combustion regime therefore disruption of propulsive performance or even regime change that could lead to the detonation of the loading.
- the compression of grains of pyrotechnic composition may cause grain breaks, settlements or even segregation particle size along the mold height which will lead to degraded ignition performance and decreased reliability.
- ignition charge which consists of a stack of annular tablets of compressed black powder. Each tablet is produced by compression which requires the use of a powder of small particle size (less than 0.1mm) to obtain cohesion and hold correct mechanics.
- an ignition signal must have an application time to be effective long enough. We know that when the composition is compacted or compressed, the reaction is lively but has a much too short duration, which harms the effectiveness of such an igniter.
- the density of the annular pellets is too important which leads to incorporating spacers in combustible material between the pellets to respect a functional mass ratio between ignition charge and propellant charge.
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible to carry out easily and quickly all types of material objects granular, whether these materials are energetic or inert.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible in particular to carry out at low cost a propellant charge module or a block of energetic material (for example gas generator) whose porosity is uniform and evenly distributed.
- This module can advantageously and thanks to the method according to the invention also include an igniter tube integral with the block propellant or energetic.
- the process according to the invention is particularly economical since it uses neither cooking nor compression. It allows to obtain objects of shapes complex, even devoid of rotation symmetry, objects can also include inserts and / or combine several layers of materials of different natures.
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible, equivalent ignition performance, saving material first used to make an igniter tube. Besides the resulting cost reduction, such savings also reduces the fouling of weapon tubes.
- the granular material comprises at least one energetic material such as propellant powder, explosive, black powder or a pyrotechnic composition.
- the binder may be a solid binder dissolved in a solvent.
- the solid binder may in particular be chosen from among the following compounds: polyvinyl nitrate, nitrocellulose, rubber, polyvinyl chloride or its copolymer, acetate polyvinyl or its copolymer, copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene.
- the binder may be a polymerizable liquid binder and will then proceed, after diffusion of the solvent at a stage of polymerization of the binder.
- the polymerizable binder can thus be chosen from among the following compounds: polybutadiene, polyurethane, resin acrylic, polyester resin, epoxy resin.
- the insert may consist of a protective film intended to coat the object.
- At least one insert can be consisting of an energetic material ignition cord.
- At least an insert could be constituted by another object obtained by the method according to the invention.
- At least one insert could be constituted by a wire crossing the object.
- the different granular materials can be arranged in the form of successive horizontal layers.
- the different granular materials can be arranged in the form of successive vertical layers, means being provided to at least temporarily isolate the different layers from each other when setting places materials in the mold.
- the mold may be coated with a non-stick material.
- the subject of the invention is also an igniter tube, especially for artillery ammunition, produced by such process.
- This igniter tube may in particular comprise a body tubular formed by stacking at least two layers annulars of pyrotechnic materials of natures different.
- At least one layer may be formed by a composition combining Boron and potassium nitrate and another layer may be constituted by a composition associating Aluminum and Oxide of copper (CuO).
- the igniter tube may be formed by stacking of a first annular layer combining: Boron (5% to 35% by mass), Potassium nitrate (65% to 95% in mass), Nitrocellulose (0.5% to 5% by mass), and a second annular layer combining: Aluminum (5% to 35% in mass), Copper oxide (CuO) (65% to 95% by mass).
- the first annular layer may have for composition: Boron (19% by mass), Potassium nitrate (80% by mass), Nitrocellulose (1% by mass), and the second annular layer have for composition: Aluminum (20% in mass), Copper oxide (CuO) (80% by mass).
- the tube igniter may include a third annular layer combining: Boron (65% to 95% by mass), Potassium nitrate (5% to 25% by mass), Nitrocellulose (1% to 10% by mass).
- composition of the third layer annular may be: Boron (80% by mass), Nitrate of potassium (14% by mass), Nitrocellulose (6% by mass).
- the igniter tube according to the invention may include a tubular body formed at least two concentric cylindrical layers of pyrotechnic materials of a different nature.
- the igniter tube may have an internal layer combining: Boron (5% to 35% in mass), Potassium nitrate (65% to 95% by mass), Nitrocellulose (0.5% to 5% by mass), and an outer layer combining: Boron (15% to 35% by mass), Potassium nitrate (65% to 85% by mass).
- the igniter tube may have an internal layer combining: Boron (19% by mass), Potassium nitrate (80% by mass), Nitrocellulose (1% by mass), and an outer layer combining: Boron (25% in mass), Potassium nitrate (75% by mass).
- the igniter tube will include a internal layer combining: Boron (5% to 25% by mass), Nitrate potassium (65% to 85% by mass), collodion (0.5% to 8% in mass), and an outer layer combining: Boron (5% to 25% in mass), Potassium nitrate (65% to 85% by mass), chloride polyvinyl (0.5% to 8% by mass).
- the internal layer will associate: Boron (19% by mass), Potassium nitrate (76% by mass), collodion (5% by mass), and the outer layer will combine: Boron (19% by mass), Potassium nitrate (76% by mass), polyvinyl chloride (5% by mass).
- the igniter tube may include at least one composition wire pyrotechnic extending over substantially its entire length.
- the pyrotechnic composition of the wire may combine: Magnesium (45% to 65% by mass), polytetrafluoroethylene (20% to 40% by mass), chlorofluoroethylene copolymer (5% to 25% en masse).
- the pyrotechnic composition of the wire may combine: Magnesium (54% by mass), polytetrafluoroethylene (30% by mass), copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene (16% by mass).
- the invention finally relates to a propellant charge in particular for ammunition produced by such a process.
- This propellant charge will for example include a body tubular formed of at least two annular layers of pyrotechnic materials of a different nature, one layer external agglomerated propellant powder and an internal layer made of an ignition material.
- a tool 1 required to the implementation of the method according to the invention comprises a mold 2, which here delimits an internal volume substantially cylindrical with axis 3, and whose internal cylindrical surface 4 is chosen equal to the desired diameter for the object to to manufacture.
- the mold is closed at a lower end by a grid 5, which is constituted here by a plate perforated by holes 6 regularly distributed.
- the holes will be chosen with a diameter less than the granulometry of a granular material which is intended for the manufacture of the object.
- the mold 2, closed by the grid 5, is placed on a suction support 7 comprising a cavity 8.
- Means seals (not shown), such as seals, are arranged between the support 7 and the mold 8.
- the fixing of the support mold is secured by means of flanges (not represented).
- the cavity 8 internal to the support 7 is connected by a opening 9 to a pipe 10, itself connected to a suction means 11 (such as a vacuum pump actuated by a electric motor).
- the discharge nozzle 12 of the pump 11 is connected to a recovery tank 13.
- a valve 14 will advantageously be placed on the line 10 between the pump 11 and cavity 7.
- the mold can be produced (as well as the possible nucleus (s)) made of a material non-stick (such as polytetra-fluorethylene or Teflon) or cover the walls of the mold with such a material non-stick.
- a material non-stick such as polytetra-fluorethylene or Teflon
- the surface finish will also be chosen sufficiently smooth to facilitate demolding.
- Figure 2 shows this tool during the different steps for making an object 15, which is here a tube igniter for artillery ammunition.
- the mold 2 receives (before placing granular material) a cylindrical core 17 which is coaxial with mold 2 and made of non-stick material (or covered with such material).
- Means for example holding spacers, ensure positioning of the coaxial core on the surface internal cylindrical 4 of the mold 2.
- first film in the mold cylindrical 18 having the same diameter as the cylindrical surface internal 4 of the mold and a second cylindrical film 19 having same diameter as core 17.
- Films 18 and 19 are intended to be fixed respectively to the surface external cylindrical of the igniter tube and the surface internal cylindrical of its axial bore. They will ensure protection function of the igniter tube against humidity.
- the granular material will have a large particle size, for example greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. Indeed a too small a grain size may prevent the diffusion of a binder between the grains of the material as will be specified further.
- the material used is a black powder of particle size between 1.4 and 3.2 mm (PN3). It is dumped through a hopper 20.
- a binder 21 is poured into the mold in the liquid phase (step B).
- the binder is distributed by means of a container doser 22. Due to the particle size of the material 16, the binder 21 diffuses uniformly by gravity between the grains and wets all the granular material placed in the mold as well as the inserts formed by the protective films 18 and 19.
- the suction means 11 which have the effect of part of accelerating the diffusion of the binder through the grid 5, and on the other hand to evacuate the excess of binder, which flows through holes 6 and is discharged to the recovery basin 13.
- this suction operation also promotes drying the binder.
- the binder used to coat grains of black powder is a nitrocellulose glue obtained by dissolving 13 g of nitrocellulosic powder in 100 cubic centimeters of a suitable solvent (e.g. a mixture of 60% by volume of ethyl acetate, of 15% by volume acetone, 10% by volume of ethanol and 15% by volume Butyl acetate).
- a suitable solvent e.g. a mixture of 60% by volume of ethyl acetate, of 15% by volume acetone, 10% by volume of ethanol and 15% by volume Butyl acetate.
- the igniter tube is removed from the mold 15.
- the igniter tube may possibly be passed through oven to improve drying.
- the method according to the invention has made it possible during these three steps to make an igniter tube 15 to the dimensions definitive desired and comprising, thanks to the core 17, a axial ignition channel 23 (see Figure 3).
- the process has also allowed to obtain an igniter tube carrying a film of protection 18.19 on each cylindrical surface.
- the films of protection being made integral with the tube thanks to the binder.
- This igniter tube has a certain porosity due to the spontaneous arrangement of the grains during the placement of granular material.
- Distributing, like the proposes the invention, the binder by gravimetric diffusion and with a suction allows to distribute the quantity of binder just sufficient to agglomerate the grains, while maintaining the natural porosity of the unbound load.
- the porosity can be adjusted by the choice of the particle size range of the material. So by way of example, for a particle size between 0.1 and 0.5 mm the porosity is about 40% and for a particle size between 0.3 and 0.8mm the porosity is around 60%.
- the porosity of the tube obtained in the previous example is around from 30 to 50% by volume (approximately 16 cm3 of vacuum for a volume 38 cm3).
- the black powder igniter tube thus produced in the previous example has a density of around lg / cm3 (the density of the black powder is 1.76 g / cm3), its porosity is therefore about 40%.
- a classic igniter tube produced by the stack of rings of compressed black powder has a mass volume of 1.75 g / cm3 (and its porosity is less than 1%).
- the rise in pressure appears 34 milliseconds after initiation, and the maximum pressure appears 38.28 milliseconds after initiation, i.e. an effective ignition duration of approximately 4.28 milliseconds.
- the ignition is carried out with a temperature of about 1500 ° C and with reaction heat of the order of 450 cal / g.
- this energy is applied during twice as long, better results ignition performance.
- the progressiveness of the ignition is much better with the igniter according to the invention and such a result is due to the greater porosity of the igniter obtained according to the process according to the invention.
- the total mass of the igniter according to the invention thus tested is 38 g while that of the black powder tablet igniter is 51 g.
- the igniter according to the invention therefore ensures better ignition while having a lower mass, which reduces costs, clogging of the barrel, and risks pyrotechnics during the storage and handling by reducing the amount of material active.
- binders whether pyrotechnically active or inert.
- Liquid binders such as (non-exhaustive list): polyurethanes, acrylics, polyesters.
- Binders formed from a solid compound dissolved in a suitable solvent such as (non-exhaustive list): polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), nitrocellulose or polyvinyl nitrate (NPV).
- a suitable solvent such as (non-exhaustive list): polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), nitrocellulose or polyvinyl nitrate (NPV).
- binders may require a phase of polymerization to solidify (for example a resin polyurethane or epoxy).
- a phase of polymerization to solidify for example a resin polyurethane or epoxy.
- we will proceed to the end from step B and before demolding to a crosslinking phase by heating.
- the durations and temperatures of such a phase heating will be chosen by the skilled person in depending on the characteristics of the binder used.
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible to carry out other objects with controlled porosity than igniter tubes.
- mold 2 the external geometric shape desired for the object. This form may or may not have a symmetry of revolution.
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible to carry out other types of igniter tubes.
- FIG. 4 thus shows an igniter tube 15 having also a generally cylindrical shape and an axial channel 23.
- This igniter tube is formed by the stack of several annular layers 15a, 15b and 15c, the compositions are different.
- the complex igniter tube thus produced will again have porosity characteristics that the process according to the invention allows to master.
- This igniter tube can easily and inexpensively be carried out with the method according to the invention.
- step A The granular material is thus placed in the mold (step A) by several successive fillings of way to make the different layers.
- the binder is then poured into the mold in a single step B. It ensures the wetting of all the grains whatever their nature which will allow an intimate solidarity of each of the layers. This gives an igniter tube complex but having a mechanical behavior similar to that of a homogeneous igniter tube.
- FIG. 5 shows another type of igniter tube 15 which also has a generally cylindrical shape and a axial channel 23.
- This igniter tube consists of two concentric cylindrical layers 150a and 150b whose compositions are different.
- the internal layer 150a with a composition Boron / Potassium Nitrate (B / KNO3) formulated from so as to have a reaction speed close to 15 mm / s.
- B / KNO3 Boron / Potassium Nitrate
- This layer provides a transmission time of the reaction over the entire length of the igniter tube relatively short (axial progression of the reaction).
- the outer layer 150b will be produced with a composition B / KNO3 formulated with so as to have a reaction speed close to 8 mm / s. This layer promotes ignition of the propellant charge ammunition in the vicinity of its grains (radial ignition).
- Figure 6 shows a first tool for make such an igniter tube.
- the tool is shown here configured so as to produce an igniter tube not comprising than two concentric cylindrical layers.
- suction means (11) and the support suction (7) on which the mold is fixed so waterproof are not shown. These means are identical to those described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 which can refer.
- the mold 2 receives as in the embodiment according to Figure 2 an axial core 17.
- An intermediate screen tubular 24 is arranged coaxially with the core 17 and the internal cylindrical surface 4 of the mold 2.
- Means of support (not shown), for example spacers, will ensure the positioning of the core 17 and the screen 24 coaxially with the cylindrical surface 4.
- the screen 24 has the function of materializing the separation between two concentric cylindrical layers of the tube igniter. It will be constituted for example by a sheet of paper or thin cardboard (a few hundredths of a mm thick).
- a first hopper 20a will ensure the filling of the annular space between the core 17 and the screen 24 at using a first granular material 16a.
- a second hopper 20b will ensure (simultaneously or no) filling the annular space between the screen 24 and the cylindrical surface 4 of the mold by means of a second granular material 16b.
- screen 24 can be removed before filling with the binder.
- the binder will evenly coat and secure all grains of granular materials and will ensure in the same time the joining of the two annular layers.
- an igniter tube comprising more than two coaxial cylindrical layers in having several concentric screens and pouring into each annular space arranged between two consecutive screens a different granular material.
- screen 24 can be made in one energetic or combustible material (nitrofilm) that will remain in place between the two layers.
- This variant ensures mechanical properties more important, in particular improves the holding of the tube shock igniter.
- Figure 7 shows part of a second tool making it possible to produce an igniter tube according to FIG. 5.
- suction means have not been shown (11) and the suction support (7) on which the mold tightly. These means are identical to those described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 which we can report to.
- the tools used here include two molds, one first (not shown) intended to perform a first annular layer 150a of the igniter tube, and a second (shown in Figure 7) for performing a second annular layer 150b around this first layer.
- the tool shown in Figure 7 is actually similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. It differs therefrom in that the core 17 is replaced by a cylindrical layer annular 150a of a first agglomerated granular material thanks to the process according to the invention and in another mold (not shown) whose internal cylindrical surface is equal to the external diameter of this first layer.
- the second granular material 16b is poured through the hopper 20b in the annular volume separating the layer 150a and the cylindrical surface 4 of the second mold.
- igniter tube thus produced will have porosity characteristics that the process according to the invention allows to master.
- Another advantage of the process according to the invention is that it allows you to make objects of various shapes and with inserts.
- Figure 8 shows a third tool set up for allow the incorporation of other types of inserts into a igniter tube.
- the mold 2 is always closed at its lower part by a grid formed by a plate 5 pierced with holes 6.
- suction means have not been shown (11) and the suction support (7) on which the mold tightly. These means are identical to those described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 which we can report to.
- the mold is also closed at the level of its part. upper by a cover 25, fixed to the mold 2 by means (not shown), and carrying an orifice filling 26 intended to allow the material to pass granular 16.
- Threads of pyrotechnic composition 27 are stretched between cover 25 and plate 5. They are regularly angularly distributed around the surface axis mold 4 of mold 2.
- wires pass through cover and plate through holes and they are immobilized in translation by means suitable, e.g. locking screws 28 screwed into the cover or plate and each pinching a wire.
- the threads will for example be threads of a composition combining Magnesium, polytetrafluoroethylene (known as registered trademark Teflon), chlorofluoroethylene copolymer (known under the trademark Viton).
- Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene
- Viton chlorofluoroethylene copolymer
- the cover 25 maintains also an ignition cord 29 such as an explosion-proof cord one end of which is fixed to the grid 5 by means suitable, for example by clipping onto a clamp 30 carried by grid 5.
- an ignition cord 29 such as an explosion-proof cord one end of which is fixed to the grid 5 by means suitable, for example by clipping onto a clamp 30 carried by grid 5.
- the ignition cord is thus coaxial on the surface cylindrical 4 of the mold 2 and it extends longitudinally over the full height of the mold.
- the wire retaining screws are dismantled and we possibly shorten these so that they don't not come out of the igniter tube made.
- the function of the wires is to relay the ignition within of the material.
- the function of these wires is therefore different from those of known wires which are inserted inside the blocks of propellant charge (see for example the patents US3205286 and FR2640259).
- Known threads have the function of modifying the propagation speed of the combustion front of the block therefore to regulate the combustion regime of this one.
- the wire is made of an ignition material and it relays to both radially and axially the ignition reaction. We thus ensures better ignition performance whatever are the dimensions (axial and radial) of the igniter tube.
- the igniter tube described above allows a multi-point ignition of the material of the igniter tube from a single axial ignition which is given for example by the ignition cord 29.
- the latter may be a commercial component, for example a cord ITLX (registered trademark).
- Figure 9a shows a fourth tool more particularly suitable for making an igniter tube 15 (see Figure 9b) bearing at the level of a lower part a threaded fixing ring 31, for example metallic, and which will facilitate the mounting of the igniter tube on a artillery ammunition base (not shown).
- the mold 2 carries a cover 25 fixed to its part upper and a grid 5 linked to its lower part. Of sealing means (not shown) are arranged between the cover and mold.
- This tool comprises a cylindrical internal case 32 and an external case 33, also cylindrical and coaxial with the case internal.
- the two cases are held coaxial by means (not shown), for example spacers integral with the cover 25 of the mold and / or the grid 5.
- the cases 32 and 33 are pierced with radial holes 34 of which the diameter is less than the particle size of the material granular which must be implemented.
- the outer case 33 has an inner diameter equal to the diameter external wished for the igniter tube and which is also the external diameter of the threaded ring 31.
- the threaded ring 31 is positioned in the mold 2 before placement of granular material. It is supported by grid 5 and has a circular flange 31a on which applies the end of the case 33.
- the threaded ring is pierced with an axial bore 35 which is equal to the external diameter of the internal case 32.
- the ring 31 has an internal radial bead 36 which is intended to allow the joining of the ring and of the igniter tube material.
- the granular material 16 is placed by means of the hopper 20 and through hole 26 in space ring separating the cases 32 and 33. Then pour a binder in this same annular space.
- the ring 31 occupying the bottom of the annular space, it closes the holes 6 of the grid 5 which are at the bottom of this space.
- the suction means are not shown here but are connected as in Figures 1 and 2 to a support on which is positioned in a sealed manner.
- the means suction create a depression in the annular space separating the external surface of the case 33 and the surface cylindrical 4 of the mold 2. They also create a depression in the axial cavity internal to the case 32.
- an igniter tube including a threaded fixing ring and several layers (stacked ring or concentric cylindrical) of granular materials of different natures.
- Figure 10 shows another type of object that can be carried out with the method according to the invention.
- This object is a propellant charge module 37 for ammunition artillery.
- the module conventionally comprises a channel axial ignition 38. It consists of two layers in granular materials of different natures and agglomerated by means of a binder (for example polyvinyl nitrate or any other binder described with reference to the previous examples).
- the inner layer can advantageously be produced alone with a mold of the appropriate dimensions (such as that in Figure 2). Then place this layer as a core in a another mold (such as that of FIG. 7) to make the complete propellant charge module.
- the distribution of the porosity of the module is controlled and the mechanical strength of the module is insured even in the absence of an external envelope. It results, with lower cost, better reproducibility ballistic performances.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible in a simple way to make the igniter tube and propellant charge.
- the igniter tube according to the invention then provides a better ignition since it allows the removal of any barrier (such as known combustible tubes) between the ignition composition and propellant powder.
- the invention can also be implemented for realize other types of objects (energetic or not) in which we will seek to control the distribution of porosity, for example blocks of composition generating gases, whether or not integral with their ignition composition.
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Abstract
Description
- on met en place le ou les matériaux granulaires dans un moule aux dimensions de l'objet à réaliser et comportant au moins une ouverture d'évacuation, ouverture de dimensions inférieures à la granulométrie du matériau,
- on verse dans le moule un liant en phase liquide,
- on fait diffuser le liant entre les grains de matériau et on évacue le trop plein de liant au travers de l'ouverture d'évacuation à l'aide de moyens d'aspiration.
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un outillage mis en oeuvre avec le procédé selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 représente plusieurs étapes successives du procédé selon l'invention,
- les figures 3, 4 et 5 sont des représentations en coupes longitudinales de trois modes de réalisation de tubes allumeurs selon l'invention,
- la figure 6 est une vue en coupe d'un premier outillage mis en oeuvre pour réaliser le tube allumeur selon la figure 5,
- la figure 7 est une vue en coupe d'un deuxième outillage mis en oeuvre pour réaliser le tube allumeur selon la figure 5,
- la figure 8 est une vue en coupe d'un troisième outillage permettant l'inclusion d'inserts,
- la figure 9a est une vue en coupe d'un quatrième outillage permettant la réalisation d'inserts,
- la figure 9b est une vue en perspective d'un tube allumeur réalisé avec l'outillage selon la figure 9a.
- la figure 10 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une charge propulsive selon l'invention.
- la couche 15a avec une composition associant Bore, Nitrate de potassium et de la nitrocellulose comme liant (B/KNO3/NC), cette composition permet de délivrer des produits de réaction gazeux et condensables favorisant un allumage convectif,
- la couche 15b avec une composition associant Aluminium et Oxyde de cuivre (Al/CuO), composition qui permet de délivrer des produits de réaction essentiellement condensés ayant une température de réaction supérieure à 3200 °K, favorisant ainsi un allumage radiatif,
- la couche 15c avec une autre composition associant Bore, Nitrate de Potassium et nitrocellulose. Cette composition permet de délivrer des produits de réaction gazeux et condensables, mais elle sera formulée de façon à avoir une vitesse de réaction plus grande que celle décrite pour la couche 15a. Un tel allumeur permet de maítriser la fonction d'allumage en délivrant des produits de réaction spécifiques.
Claims (32)
- Procédé de fabrication d'un objet à partir d'au moins un matériau granulaire à granulométrie forte, par exemple supérieure ou égale à 0,1 mm, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes:on met en place le ou les matériaux granulaires (16) dans un moule (2) aux dimensions de l'objet à réaliser et comportant au moins une ouverture d'évacuation (6), ouverture de dimensions inférieures à la granulométrie du matériau,on verse dans le moule un liant (21) en phase liquide,on fait diffuser le liant entre les grains de matériau et on évacue le trop plein de liant au travers de l'ouverture d'évacuation à l'aide de moyens d'aspiration (11).
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le matériau granulaire comprend au moins un matériau énergétique tel qu'une poudre propulsive, un explosif, de la poudre noire ou une composition pyrotechnique.
- Procédé selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le liant est un liant solide dissous dans un solvant.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le liant est choisi parmi les composés suivants :nitrate de polyvinyle, nitrocellulose, caoutchouc, chlorure de polyvinyle ou son copolymère, acétate de polyvinyle ou son copolymère, copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène.
- Procédé selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le liant est un liant liquide polymérisable et en ce qu'on procède après diffusion du solvant à une étape de polymérisation du liant.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le liant est choisi parmi les composés suivants :polybutadiène, polyuréthanne, résine acrylique, résine polyester, résine epoxy.
- Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce que l'on dispose dans le moule au moins un insert destiné à être inclus ou solidaire de l'objet réalisé.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un insert est constitué par un film protecteur (18) destiné à enrober l'objet.
- Procédé selon une des revendications 7 ou 8 et mis en oeuvre avec au moins un matériau énergétique, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un insert est constitué par un cordeau d'allumage (29) du matériau énergétique.
- Procédé selon une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un insert est constitué par un autre objet obtenu par le procédé selon l'invention.
- Procédé selon une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un insert est constitué par un fil (27) traversant l'objet.
- Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'on met en place dans le moule au moins deux matériaux granulaires différents avant de verser le liant.
- Procédé selon la revendication 12 caractérisé en ce que les différents matériaux granulaires sont disposés sous forme de couches horizontales successives.
- Procédé selon la revendication 12 caractérisé en ce que les différents matériaux granulaires sont disposés sous forme de couches verticales successives, des moyens étant prévus pour isoler au moins temporairement les différentes couches les unes des autres lors de la mise en place des matériaux dans le moule.
- Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 14 caractérisé en ce que le moule est revêtu d'un matériau anti adhérent.
- Tube allumeur, notamment pour munition d'artillerie, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé par le procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 15.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un corps tubulaire formé de l'empilement d'au moins deux couches annulaires de matériaux pyrotechniques de natures différentes.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que au moins une couche est constituée par une composition associant Bore et Nitrate de potassium et une autre couche est constituée par un composition associant Aluminium et Oxyde de cuivre (CuO).
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une première couche associant :Bore : 5% à 35% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 65% à 95% en masse,Nitrocellulose : 0,5% à 5% en masse,Aluminium : 5% à 35% en masse,Oxyde de cuivre (CuO): 65% à 95% en masse.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que la première couche a pour composition:Bore : 19% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 80% en masse,Nitrocellulose : 1% en masse,Aluminium : 20% en masse,Oxyde de cuivre (CuO): 80% en masse.
- Tube allumeur selon une des revendications 19 ou 20, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une troisième couche associant :Bore : 65% à 95% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 5% à 25% en masse,Nitrocellulose : 1% à 10% en masse.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que la composition de la troisième couche est :Bore : 80% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 14% en masse,Nitrocellulose : 6% en masse.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un corps tubulaire formé d'au moins deux couches cylindriques concentriques de matériaux pyrotechniques de nature différente.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une couche interne associant :Bore : 5% à 35% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 65% à 95% en masse,Nitrocellulose : 0,5% à 5% en masse,Bore : 15% à 35% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 65% à 85% en masse.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 24, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une couche interne associant :Bore : 19% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 80% en masse,Nitrocellulose : 1% en masse,Bore : 25% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 75% en masse.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une couche interne associant :Bore : 5% à 25% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 65% à 85% en masse,collodion : 0,5% à 8% en masse,Bore : 5% à 25% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 65% à 85% en masse,chlorure de polyvinyle : 0,5% à 8% en masse.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une couche interne associant :Bore : 19% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 76% en masse,collodion : 5% en masse,Bore : 19% en masse,Nitrate de potassium: 76% en masse,chlorure de polyvinyle : 5% en masse.
- Tube allumeur selon une des revendications 16 à 27, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un fil de composition pyrotechnique s'étendant sur sensiblement toute sa longueur.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce que la composition pyrotechnique du fil associe:Magnésium : 45% à 65% en masse,polytétrafluoréthylène : 20% à 40% en masse,copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène : 5% à 25% en masse.
- Tube allumeur selon la revendication 29, caractérisé en ce que la composition pyrotechnique du fil associe:Magnésium : 54% en masse,polytétrafluoréthylène : 30% en masse,copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène : 16% en masse.
- Charge propulsive notamment pour munition caractérisée en ce qu'elle est réalisée par le procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 15.
- Charge propulsive selon la revendication 31, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comporte un corps tubulaire formé d'au moins deux couches annulaires de matériaux pyrotechniques de nature différente, une couche externe en poudre propulsive agglomérée et une couche interne en un matériau d'allumage.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9804021 | 1998-03-30 | ||
FR9804021A FR2776656B1 (fr) | 1998-03-30 | 1998-03-30 | Procede de fabrication d'un objet a partir d'un materiau granulaire, tube allumeur et charge propulsive obtenus avec un tel procede |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0949224A1 true EP0949224A1 (fr) | 1999-10-13 |
EP0949224B1 EP0949224B1 (fr) | 2004-05-26 |
Family
ID=9524726
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99400732A Expired - Lifetime EP0949224B1 (fr) | 1998-03-30 | 1999-03-25 | Procédé de fabrication d'un objet à partir d'un matériau granulaire, tube allumeur et charge propulsive obtenus avec un tel procédé |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6336981B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0949224B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69917523T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2776656B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL129274A (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA992433B (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2807610A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-10-12 | Giat Ind Sa | Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche |
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US6402781B1 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2002-06-11 | Mitralife | Percutaneous mitral annuloplasty and cardiac reinforcement |
DE10152177A1 (de) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-04-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Stabspule für Zündanlagen |
FR2878025B1 (fr) | 2004-11-12 | 2009-05-15 | Giat Ind Sa | Munition sans douille et procede de montage d'une telle munition |
FR2888923B1 (fr) | 2005-07-25 | 2010-12-17 | Giat Ind Sa | Munition et procede de montage d'une telle munition |
US7758709B2 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2010-07-20 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Monolithic gas generant grains |
US9193639B2 (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2015-11-24 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Methods of manufacturing monolithic generant grains |
US8057611B2 (en) * | 2007-08-13 | 2011-11-15 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Multi-composition pyrotechnic grain |
US8057612B2 (en) * | 2007-08-13 | 2011-11-15 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Methods of forming a multi-composition pyrotechnic grain |
JP5641934B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-13 | 2014-12-17 | オートリブ エーエスピー,インコーポレイティド | 多組成物着火塊と関連する形成方法 |
US8815029B2 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2014-08-26 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | High performance gas generating compositions |
US8808476B2 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2014-08-19 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Gas generating compositions having glass fibers |
US9062943B2 (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2015-06-23 | Dmd Systems, Llc | Spooling pyrotechnic device |
US9051223B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-06-09 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Generant grain assembly formed of multiple symmetric pieces |
AU2019229738B2 (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2024-01-18 | Bae Systems Plc | Pre-defined recess |
CN111397438A (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-10 | 上海新力动力设备研究所 | 一种适用于燃气发生器的带支架包覆药柱结构 |
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FR2593905A1 (fr) * | 1986-02-03 | 1987-08-07 | France Etat Armement | Allumeur destructible pour charges propulsives |
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- 1998-03-30 FR FR9804021A patent/FR2776656B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1999-03-25 DE DE69917523T patent/DE69917523T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-30 ZA ZA9902433A patent/ZA992433B/xx unknown
- 1999-03-30 IL IL12927499A patent/IL129274A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-30 US US09/280,700 patent/US6336981B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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GB750390A (en) * | 1951-08-15 | 1956-06-13 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Explosive composition and production thereof |
US3062147A (en) * | 1959-09-28 | 1962-11-06 | Du Pont | Igniter for solid propellant grains |
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US3537923A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1970-11-03 | Mb Assoc | Booster ignition compositions for small arms weapon containing boron and boron compositions |
GB1231181A (fr) * | 1967-05-05 | 1971-05-12 | ||
US3926697A (en) * | 1968-10-15 | 1975-12-16 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Solid block of propellant with a plurality of propulsion stages and methods of manufacture |
DE2015824A1 (fr) * | 1969-04-03 | 1970-11-19 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | |
FR2640259A1 (fr) * | 1983-10-26 | 1990-06-15 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Procede de fabrication par moulage d'un bloc de propergol solide a combustion frontale pilotee par des conducteurs de chaleur et bloc obtenu par ce procede |
FR2593905A1 (fr) * | 1986-02-03 | 1987-08-07 | France Etat Armement | Allumeur destructible pour charges propulsives |
EP0306616A2 (fr) * | 1987-09-11 | 1989-03-15 | Rheinmetall GmbH | Relais pyrotechnique d'allumage pour charge propulsive |
US4886560A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1989-12-12 | Hercules Incorporated | Ignition modifying overcoat for deterrent-coated smokeless propellant |
DE19501889A1 (de) * | 1994-01-24 | 1995-07-27 | Nof Corp | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zündmittelgranulats |
US5453236A (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1995-09-26 | Composite Design International, Inc. | Method of molding a load bearing pallet from recycled materials |
EP0728632A1 (fr) * | 1995-02-23 | 1996-08-28 | Morton International, Inc. | Allumeur linéaire pour gonfleur de coussin gonflable |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2807610A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-10-12 | Giat Ind Sa | Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche |
WO2001077604A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-10-18 | Giat Industries | Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche |
US6703580B2 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2004-03-09 | Giat Industries | Plasma torch incorporating a reactive ignition tube and igniter squib integrating such a torch |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0949224B1 (fr) | 2004-05-26 |
US6368434B1 (en) | 2002-04-09 |
FR2776656A1 (fr) | 1999-10-01 |
FR2776656B1 (fr) | 2000-04-28 |
US6336981B2 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
US20010050123A1 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
IL129274A0 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
IL129274A (en) | 2001-12-23 |
DE69917523D1 (de) | 2004-07-01 |
ZA992433B (en) | 1999-09-30 |
DE69917523T2 (de) | 2005-06-02 |
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