EP0941016B1 - Electrode courbée - Google Patents

Electrode courbée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0941016B1
EP0941016B1 EP99103899A EP99103899A EP0941016B1 EP 0941016 B1 EP0941016 B1 EP 0941016B1 EP 99103899 A EP99103899 A EP 99103899A EP 99103899 A EP99103899 A EP 99103899A EP 0941016 B1 EP0941016 B1 EP 0941016B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
partial
arc
leg
limb
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99103899A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0941016A2 (fr
EP0941016A3 (fr
Inventor
Josef Winter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0941016A2 publication Critical patent/EP0941016A2/fr
Publication of EP0941016A3 publication Critical patent/EP0941016A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0941016B1 publication Critical patent/EP0941016B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode according to claim 1.
  • Such electrodes are used, for example, in resistance heating devices used, but they are also at other areas of technology applicable where curved Electrodes to conduct or divert large currents Amperage are required.
  • the resistance heaters mentioned above exist essentially two on one electrically insulating Electrode applied with a substrate Power source are connected. There is one between the electrodes Heating layer mostly from a variety of PTC elements, through the one self-regulation of the desired Room temperature and secondly a reduction in electricity or power consumption is achieved. Are the PTC elements at the start of the heater start-up phase but still cold, their resistance is still low, which is why high current peaks occur.
  • thermographic Measurements could finally be shown that the Stream concentrated in the sharp-edged bends 35 or corners 35 and thus leads to contact failure.
  • Electrodes 1 (see FIG. 7) with the structure of the first leg 10, connecting piece 30 and second leg 20 are known. These electrodes are characterized by the fact that they are characterized by Rounding the boundary lines of the electrodes in the kink area 35 no longer have any sharp edges, points and corners. This is in contrast to the corner Electrodes reduces the risk of burning, due to the massive design of the electrodes however, there is still a certain likelihood of contact failure. As with the electrodes placed in a corner lies the critical area, i.e. the area in which the greatest warming occurs and thus burns on is most likely on the inside of the kink or Side with the smallest radius of curvature of the electrodes, whereby it can lead to peak effects again.
  • Electrodes To burn the electrodes with large currents to meet, must be in the cornered or rounded Electrodes increases the width or height of the electrodes become. However, this leads to an increased use of Electrode material, which results in both an increase in Expresses weight as well as material costs.
  • GB 21 54 403 discloses a resistance heating device, which are arranged on a glass plate is, the electrical power supply via curved electrodes provided. These electrodes point a first leg, a second leg and an arch on the first leg with the second leg connects, the bow to reduce the risk of a local thermal overload several from each other has electrically insulated partial arches, each extend in the direction from the first to the second leg.
  • the arch has the same cross-sectional area like the first and second leg.
  • the electrodes here can be formed both flat and spatially. To the lost through the non-conductive areas To compensate for space, the overall width or Total cross-sectional area of the arch in contrast to the first or second leg enlarged. This allows in the in this way, arcs designed at least the same total current density as in a solid arch without gaps, which the same overall width or total cross-sectional area as the has first and / or second legs can be achieved.
  • the electrical insulation of the partial arches simply by be created that the partial sheets are spaced apart become. But it can also be achieved that an electrically insulating material in the room is inserted between the partial sheets.
  • the resistances of the partial arches are designed such that they're heading towards from an inside of the arch remove from one side of the sheet. This makes it possible adjust the current density distribution so that in partial arcs with a small radius of curvature, i.e. partial arches on the Inside of the arch, only low current densities, with partial arches large radius of curvature, however, i.e. Partial arches on the outside of the arch, greater current densities occur.
  • This configuration proves to be particularly useful for such electrodes particularly advantageous that bent at an acute angle are.
  • the resistance gradient can then be achieved with these electrodes of the partial sheets from the inside of the sheet to the outside of the sheet be set so that partial sheets with a smaller Radius of curvature with currents of lesser strength than partial arcs with a larger radius of curvature.
  • the resistances of the partial arches are designed such that it is in the direction from the inside of the arch to the Have the same value on the outside of the sheet.
  • all sub-sheets present the problem of local current concentrations avoided especially on the inside of the bow.
  • the partial sheets can move from one to the other Longitudinal direction of the first leg perpendicular to a line line perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the second leg extend, here then the widths or cross-sectional areas of the partial sheets from the inside of the sheet increase the outside of the bow.
  • Arrangement with the same partial arc resistance can be found here with the same arc width or arc cross-sectional area greater current density can be achieved because fewer spacings or cutouts that are not used to conduct the electrical Contribute electricity between the individual partial arches are provided.
  • first leg over arches with two second leg are also the second two Legs connected to each other via a second arch.
  • This second sheet has at least two partial sheets, via which a desired current distribution can be set in this way is that a local thermal overload that will burn out can lead, especially to areas with small Radius of curvature also avoided between the second legs becomes.
  • Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a schematic representation a first electrode which is useful for understanding the present Invention.
  • the electrode 1 has a first leg 10, which has an arch section 30 or arch 30 is connected to a second leg 20.
  • the bow 30 is, as shown in Fig. 1, formed such that the Angle between the first 10 and second 20 legs, i.e., the first leg 10 with respect to a longitudinal direction L1 and the second leg 20 with respect to a longitudinal direction L2, which is a right angle.
  • the arch also has a first Partial sheet 31 and a second partial sheet 32, which itself extend from the first 10 to the second 20 legs.
  • the first partial arc 31, which has an electrical resistance R1 has a length 11 and a width A1 or Cross-sectional area A1
  • the second partial arch 32 which represents an electrical resistance R2
  • a length 12 has a width A2 or cross-sectional area A2.
  • both flat and spatial electrodes have a cross-sectional area, albeit at flat electrodes the height compared to the width very can be small. Therefore in the following it becomes a generalization only the term "cross-sectional area" is used.
  • a spacing 40 provides electrical insulation between the first 31 and the second partial sheet 32, an insulating material 40 also being inserted between them can be.
  • the resistance R1 of the first sub-arc 31, which is on the inside of the bow 35 and therefore a small one Has radius of curvature is in this first embodiment dimensioned so that it is larger than the resistance R2 of the second sub-sheet 32, which is on the outside of the sheet 36 is located and has a large radius of curvature. Because of this dimensioning of the resistors R1 and R2, in which the ratio l1 / A1 is greater than l2 / A2, is the current density in the outer or second partial arc 32 larger than in the inner or first partial sheet 31 this way, local thermal overloads in the first Partial arc 31 avoided because of the larger share of electricity on the second partial sheet 32, which is due to the larger Radius of curvature tolerated larger currents, have been distributed is.
  • Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a schematic representation a second electrode which is useful for understanding the present Invention.
  • the electrode 1 has a first one Leg 10 on a sheet 30 with a second Leg 20 is connected.
  • the arch 30 in FIG. 2 is so it is shown that the angle between the first 10 and second 20 legs is rectangular, the angle can be any assume appropriate or technically realizable value.
  • Two of each other extend within the arch 30 electrically insulated partial sheets 31, 32 from one to the longitudinal direction L1 of the first leg 10 is inclined line S1 one inclined to the longitudinal direction L2 of the second leg 20 Line S2.
  • the bevels S1, S2 or oblique lines S1, S2 are designed so that the lengths 11, 12 and the cross-sectional areas A1, A2 of the partial arches 31, 32 essentially are the same. This essentially results same electrical resistors R1 and R2 leading to one even distribution of the current on the partial arc 31 the inside of the sheet 35 and the partial sheet 32 on the outside of the sheet 36 lead.
  • R1 and R2 leading to one even distribution of the current on the partial arc 31 the inside of the sheet 35 and the partial sheet 32 on the outside of the sheet 36 lead.
  • three or more partial sheets can be used to make one uniform current distribution within a partial sheet to reach. This makes it possible to avoid local thermal overloads in places of a partial arc with a small radius of curvature to avoid.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a schematic representation a third electrode which is useful for understanding the present Invention shown.
  • the electrode 1 has a first leg 10 on a sheet 30 with a second Leg 20 is connected.
  • the right one shown in Fig. 3 Angle between the first 10 and second 20 legs can, however, any practical or technically feasible Accept value.
  • Two electrically insulated from each other Partial arches 31, 32 extend within the arch 30 from one to the longitudinal direction L1 of the first leg 10 vertical line T1 to a to the longitudinal direction L2 of the second leg 20 vertical line T2.
  • the lengths 11.12 and the cross-sectional areas A1, A2 of the partial arches 31, 32 are designed so that the ratio l1 / A1 essentially equal to the ratio l2 / A2 and thereby the resistance R1 is substantially equal to resistor R2.
  • the partial sheet 31 has one on the inside of the sheet smaller length 11, but also a smaller cross-sectional area A1 as the partial sheet 32 on the outside of the sheet. Again, more than two partial sheets can be avoided local thermal overload.
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of a schematic representation an exemplary embodiment of the electrode according to the present invention.
  • This embodiment is a development of the second shown in Fig. 2 Electrode for explaining the present invention, wherein the same reference numerals designate the same parts.
  • L1 of the first leg 10th and those perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L2 of the second leg 20 T1, T2 or sloping S1, S2 lines for illustration only of the individual parts 10, 20, 30 of the electrode 1 are shown.
  • a major difference from the second Embodiment is that within the arch 30th a spread V1 adjacent to the first leg 10 or adjacent to the second leg 20 a spread V2 is formed.
  • V1 V2 additional partial arches can be installed, creating a large total current density in the arc region 30 is reached.
  • the additional partial arcs are thus those by the Distance to the line of the electric current lost spaces or volumes compensated for.
  • the fourth embodiment multiple sub-arches used to make an even To achieve current density distribution.
  • Embodiments of the electrode 1 is a first Leg 10 over arch areas 30 with two second legs 20a and 20b connected.
  • the arc regions 30 have here two isolated from each other by a spacing 40 Partial sheets 31 and 32.
  • the first one second leg 20a via a second sheet 50 with the second second leg 20b connected. That second bow 50 in turn has two partial arches 51 and 52, which are electrically isolated from one another by a spacing 60 are.
  • the electrode 1 has a variety of can have second legs, the angle between the first leg and the second leg or the angles between the second legs each functional or technically realizable value. Furthermore is as already mentioned above, it is advantageous small angles more than two partial arches in the arc areas to provide an even or corresponding to the To achieve radius of curvature designed current density distribution and thus the risk of local thermal overload or to minimize a burnout.

Landscapes

  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Electrode (1) comportant
       une première branche (10),
       au moins une seconde branche (20), et
       au moins un coude (30), chaque coude (30) reliant la première branche (10) à respectivement une seconde branche (20) et chaque coude (30) présentant au moins deux coudes partiels (31,32) isolés électriquement entre eux, qui s'étendent respectivement dans la direction allant de la première branche (10) jusqu'à respectivement une seconde branche (20), caractérisée en ce que
       chaque coude (30) présente une plus grande aire de section transversale que la première branche (10) et/ou la seconde branche (20).
  2. Electrode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les coudes partiels (31,32) sont isolés électriquement par un élément d'écartement (40).
  3. Electrode selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les coudes partiels (31,32) sont isolés électriquement par un matériau isolant (40).
  4. Electrode selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les résistances électriques respectives (R1,R2) des coudes partiels (31,32) vont en s'amenuisant à partir d'un côté interne de coude (35) jusqu'à un côté externe de coude (36).
  5. Electrode selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les résistances électriques respectives (R1,R2) des coudes partiels (31,32) présentent sensiblement la même valeur.
  6. Electrode selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les coudes partiels (31,32) s'étendent à partir d'une ligne (S1) oblique par rapport à la direction longitudinale (L1) de la première branche (10) jusqu'à une ligne (S2) oblique par rapport à la direction longitudinale (L2) de la seconde branche (20), les aires de section transversale (A1,A2) des coudes partiels depuis le côté interne de coude (35) jusqu'au côté externe de coude (36) étant sensiblement de même grandeur.
  7. Electrode selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les coudes partiels (31,32) s'étendent à partir d'une ligne (T1) perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale (L1) de la première branche (10) jusqu'à une ligne (T2) perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale (L2) de la seconde branche (20), les aires de section transversale (A1/A2) des coudes partiels (31,32) augmentant à partir du côté interne de coude (35) jusqu'au côté externe de coude (36).
  8. Electrode selon l'un des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'électrode (1) présente deux secondes branches (20a,20b), la première seconde branche (20a) étant raccordée par un second coude (50) à la deuxième seconde branche (20b) et le second coude (50) présentant au moins deux coudes partiels (51,52) isolés électriquement entre eux.
EP99103899A 1998-03-02 1999-03-01 Electrode courbée Expired - Lifetime EP0941016B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19808667A DE19808667C2 (de) 1998-03-02 1998-03-02 Gebogene Elektrode
DE19808667 1998-03-02

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0941016A2 EP0941016A2 (fr) 1999-09-08
EP0941016A3 EP0941016A3 (fr) 2000-06-21
EP0941016B1 true EP0941016B1 (fr) 2003-05-28

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ID=7859338

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99103899A Expired - Lifetime EP0941016B1 (fr) 1998-03-02 1999-03-01 Electrode courbée

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0941016B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19808667C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2194398T3 (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2154403A (en) * 1984-01-31 1985-09-04 Glaverbel Heatable glazing panels
US5128513A (en) * 1990-06-22 1992-07-07 Ford Motor Company Bus bar arrangement for an electrically heated vision unit
DE19704352B4 (de) * 1997-02-05 2005-04-28 Josef Winter Widerstands-Heizvorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0941016A2 (fr) 1999-09-08
EP0941016A3 (fr) 2000-06-21
DE59905696D1 (de) 2003-07-03
DE19808667C2 (de) 2001-08-30
DE19808667A1 (de) 1999-09-16
ES2194398T3 (es) 2003-11-16

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