EP0938158A2 - Antenne - Google Patents

Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0938158A2
EP0938158A2 EP99660027A EP99660027A EP0938158A2 EP 0938158 A2 EP0938158 A2 EP 0938158A2 EP 99660027 A EP99660027 A EP 99660027A EP 99660027 A EP99660027 A EP 99660027A EP 0938158 A2 EP0938158 A2 EP 0938158A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
section
conductor
approximately
point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99660027A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0938158A3 (fr
Inventor
Timo Saari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Oyj
Original Assignee
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd filed Critical Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd
Priority claimed from US09/252,159 external-priority patent/US6111545A/en
Publication of EP0938158A2 publication Critical patent/EP0938158A2/fr
Publication of EP0938158A3 publication Critical patent/EP0938158A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/12—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q11/14—Resonant antennas with parts bent, folded, shaped or screened or with phasing impedances, to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna or to obtain desired polarisation effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/04—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna with parts bent, folded, shaped, screened or electrically loaded to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is an antenna structure defined in the preamble of claim 1, particularly an antenna structure suitable for mobile stations.
  • the antenna must operate on two frequency ranges, such as the 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz ranges; the bandwidth or bandwidths must be relatively wide; the radiation and reception characteristics must be rather good when the device and the antenna are in different positions and in different locations regarding external objects; and yet the antenna must be relatively small and compact.
  • An antenna according to the invention is characterised in what is presented in the independent claim regarding an antenna.
  • a mobile station according to the invention is characterised in what is presented in the independent claim regarding a mobile station.
  • the basic idea of the invention is as follows:
  • the basis of the structure is a quarter-wave antenna, which can be electrically shortened with the aid of the design of a radiating conductor.
  • the conductor is extended, as seen from the end opposite to the feeding end, so that at least a part of the extended conductor is located rather close to the original antenna structure.
  • an electromagnetic feed-back is created in the antenna.
  • the feed-back provides the antenna with an extra resonance frequency at a desired point on the frequency axis.
  • the antenna can be made into a two-band antenna by arranging the first resonance frequency for instance in the 900 MHz band and the second one for instance in the 1.8 GHz band.
  • the bandwidth can also be made relatively wide in both operating ranges, which is important particularly when the device is used in different positions.
  • An advantage of the invention is further that the bandwidth of an antenna intended for single-band operation can be expanded by arranging a second resonance frequency close to the first one. A wider band also means a better matching in different operating positions of the device.
  • a further advantage is that the antenna can be made very small and flat.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that due to the flat form of the antenna it can in mobile phones be fastened to the back wall of the device, whereby the power emitted from the telephone to the user's body is kept as low as possible, which is advantageous due to the power consumption savings in the mobile station.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the antenna can be rather freely located. because it does not require any particular dielectric medium nor any parasitic elements. Due to the same reason the characteristics of the antenna remain stable over time and in changing environmental conditions.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the costs of the antenna are relatively low due to the very simple structure.
  • FIG. 1 is an example of a structure according to a preferred embodiment of the invention which provides an antenna with two operating bands, which are relatively far from each other.
  • the structure includes an antenna conductor 100 which seen from the feeder 150 first extends upwards (111), then sidewards (112), further downwards (113) and then sidewards (114) towards the section 111. Let's call the conductor formed by these sections the basic conductor.
  • the basic conductor has an extension directed upwards and containing a vertical section 115 and a bent oblique section 116.
  • the basic conductor and its extension together form the antenna conductor.
  • the antenna does not necessarily require anything else than the conductor shown in the figure, for instance no dielectric matter nor any separate support element.
  • Figure 1b shows a structure which in other respects is similar to that of figure la, except that the vertical section 111 is replaced by a vertical section 121, a horizontal section 122 and a vertical section 123.
  • the length of the added horizontal section 122 is of the same order as the other horizontal sections.
  • a "vertical section” means a substantially vertical part of a conductor and a “horizontal section” means a substantially horizontal part of a conductor, when the antenna points upwards.
  • An “oblique section” means a part of a conductor having a direction which differs from both the directions of a vertical section and a horizontal section. Thus the terms “vertical section”, “horizontal section” and “oblique section” are in no way connected to the operating position of the device.
  • the structure of figure la has a first resonance frequency, the magnitude of which depends on the total length of the antenna conductor. Between the sections 115 and 116 and the vertical sections 111 there is an electromagnetic coupling causing a second resonance frequency which in this case is substantially above the lower, i.e. the first resonance frequency. The value of the higher, i.e. the second resonance frequency depends mainly on the lengths of the vertical sections.
  • the first band means that frequency range around the first resonance frequency where the antenna is able to radiate substantially.
  • the second band means that frequency range around the second resonance frequency where the antenna is able to radiate substantially.
  • the width of the first band depends on the ratio of the lengths of the horizontal sections 112 and 114 and on the distance between the vertical sections 115 and 111.
  • the width of the second band again depends mainly on the mutual relations between the parts of the electromagnetic coupling: the distance between the vertical sections 115 and 111 and the angle between the oblique section 116 and the vertical section 111.
  • the vertical section 115 and the oblique section 116 are at a close distance to the vertical section 111.
  • “Close distance” means in this description and particularly in the claims such a distance between two sections of the antenna that the coupling between them substantially affects the radiation characteristics of the antenna, however so that said radiation characteristics are at least substantially retained at the first band.
  • a close distance can for instance be of the order of ⁇ /100, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the radiation of the antenna.
  • the structures according to figure 1 are characterised in that they can provide relatively large bandwidths, particularly a wide upper bandwidth.
  • the antenna band characteristics are often examined by measuring its reflection coefficient, i.e. the parameter s 11 or the return loss A r as a function of the frequency.
  • the return loss means the ratio of the energy supplied to the antenna to the energy returning from it. It is the inverse of the square of the absolute value of the reflection coefficient. The higher the return loss is, the greater part of the energy supplied into the antenna will radiate into the environment, i.e. the better the antenna functions. In the ideal case the return loss is thus infinite. When the return loss is one or 0 dB the antenna will not radiate at all: the energy supplied into it will return to the feeding source.
  • the reception characteristics of the antenna follow the transmission characteristics: the more effectively the antenna transmits at a certain frequency and in a certain direction, the more effectively it also receives said frequency from said direction.
  • figure 3 there is an example of the variations of the return loss A r in different operating situations as a function of the frequency for the antenna according to figure 1.
  • the operating situations are shown in figure 5.
  • the antenna of the mobile station is at the top and pointing upwards, and there are no other objects close to the mobile station.
  • figure 5b there is a human head adjacent the mobile station.
  • figure 5c there is a multi-function mobile station having its antenna at the top, but in an oblique position, as it could be during use.
  • the antenna is turned into a protected position close to the cover of the mobile station.
  • the curve 31 represents the situation of figure 5a
  • the curve 32 represents the situation of figure 5b
  • the curve 33 represents the situation of figure 5c
  • the curve 34 represents the situation of figure 5d.
  • the antenna is intended to operate on one hand in the band used by the GSM network and on the other hand in the band used by both the PCN and PCS networks.
  • the two latter cover the band between 1.71 GHz and 1.98 GHz, wherefore particularly the second band, i.e. the upper band of the antenna must be a wide one. From the curves it is seen that a condition of an acceptable operation is met, except for the curve 34, when a return loss A r value of 5 dB is considered as the limit. In this case, i.e.
  • the antenna in the case of a down turned antenna the antenna operates unsatisfactorily at the upper end of the bands used by both the GSM and PCS networks.
  • the figures are measurement results obtained in an exemplary test arrangement, and thus they do not represent the performance of a finally optimised product.
  • the radiation generated by the antennas according to figure 1 in a common mobile station is mainly vertically polarised; the difference to the horizontally polarised field strength is almost 10 dB on the average.
  • the directional pattern regarding the vertically polarised field is relatively even.
  • said polarisation difference can not be detected on the basis of a certain measurement arrangement.
  • Figure 2a shows an example of a structure where the bandwidth of an one-band antenna 200 is extended according to the invention.
  • the basic conductor in this structure forms a rectangular meander pattern.
  • the term "meander” means a continuous line without branching points and having a certain basic pattern or a variation of the basic pattern or different basic patterns successively repeated in the same direction.
  • a vertical section 202 which has an electromagnetic coupling the to the closest parts 201 of the meander pattern. This results in a further resonance frequency relatively close the main resonance frequency of the basic structure.
  • Figure 2b shows a structure which is similar to that of figure 2a, except that the meander pattern is made narrower at the upper part, so that the total width of the antenna is kept constant, taking into consideration the extension, i.e. the vertical section 202.
  • Figure 4 is an example of the effect caused by the vertical section 202 on the bandwidth of the antennas according to figure 2.
  • the curves 41 and 42 represent the return loss A r as a function of the frequency in an antenna with a meander pattern, which is turned into the protected position according to the figure 5d.
  • the curve 41 represents an antenna without the vertical section 202
  • the curve 42 represents an antenna according to the invention having a vertical section 202. In the latter case the tail edge of the band is moved about 50 MHz further. The front edge of the band has also moved a little further. A satisfactory operation is achieved in the range used by the GSM network, because the band is widened.
  • the curve 43 represents the return loss in free space when the antenna is in a normal operating position. There is only one curve, because the band does not substantially change with the addition according to the invention. The aim in said structure was also to improve the antenna characteristics only in said protective position.
  • Figure 6 shows examples of possible applications.
  • Figure 6a has a meander structure where an electromagnetic feed-back is made close to the feeding point of the antenna.
  • the structure of figure 6b has two coupling points relatively far from each other.
  • figure 6c the invention is applied in an L-antenna.
  • the inventive idea can be applied in numerous ways within the limits defined by the claims.
EP99660027A 1998-02-20 1999-02-17 Antenne Withdrawn EP0938158A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI980392A FI980392A (fi) 1998-02-20 1998-02-20 Antenni
FI980392 1998-02-20
US09/252,159 US6111545A (en) 1992-01-23 1999-02-18 Antenna

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0938158A2 true EP0938158A2 (fr) 1999-08-25
EP0938158A3 EP0938158A3 (fr) 2000-11-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99660027A Withdrawn EP0938158A3 (fr) 1998-02-20 1999-02-17 Antenne

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0938158A3 (fr)
FI (1) FI980392A (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001099228A1 (fr) * 2000-06-22 2001-12-27 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenne d'un appareil de communication portable, et appareil correspondant dote d'une telle antenne
US6950072B2 (en) 2002-10-23 2005-09-27 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Surface mount antenna, antenna device using the same, and communication device
EP1579529A2 (fr) * 2002-12-17 2005-09-28 Ethertronics, Inc. Antennes a encombrement reduit et performance amelioree
JP2006510321A (ja) * 2002-12-22 2006-03-23 フラクタス・ソシエダッド・アノニマ 移動通信デバイス用のマルチバンド・モノポール・アンテナ
WO2006073034A1 (fr) * 2005-01-05 2006-07-13 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Structure d’antenne et unité de communication sans fil équipée de celle-ci
EP1764866A1 (fr) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-21 Infineon Tehnologies AG Antenne monopole integrée miniaturisée
WO2007045665A1 (fr) * 2005-10-18 2007-04-26 Palm, Inc. Unite d'antenne a resonance multiple, circuit imprime correspondant et appareil de radiocommunication
US7239889B2 (en) 2001-10-31 2007-07-03 Nokia Corporation Antenna system for GSM/WLAN radio operation
DE10226910B4 (de) * 2001-06-20 2007-07-05 Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Oberflächenmontierbare Antenne und Verwendung derselben
US7423592B2 (en) 2004-01-30 2008-09-09 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antennas for mobile communications devices
US8207893B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2012-06-26 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US9099773B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2015-08-04 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
DE102005047418B4 (de) * 2004-10-14 2016-07-07 Mediatek Inc. Mehrband-Antenneneinrichtung, drahtlose Datenübertragungseinrichtung sowie Radiofrequenz-Chip
US9755314B2 (en) 2001-10-16 2017-09-05 Fractus S.A. Loaded antenna
US9761934B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2017-09-12 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2647211A (en) * 1949-01-11 1953-07-28 Lynne C Smeby Radio antenna
JPH057109A (ja) * 1991-06-27 1993-01-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 携帯電話用内蔵アンテナ
US5289198A (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-02-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Double-folded monopole
US5363114A (en) * 1990-01-29 1994-11-08 Shoemaker Kevin O Planar serpentine antennas
US5526007A (en) * 1992-03-26 1996-06-11 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Wire antenna for circularly polarized wave
EP0814536A2 (fr) * 1996-06-20 1997-12-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Yokowo Antenne et appareil de radio utilisant une telle antenne

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2647211A (en) * 1949-01-11 1953-07-28 Lynne C Smeby Radio antenna
US5363114A (en) * 1990-01-29 1994-11-08 Shoemaker Kevin O Planar serpentine antennas
JPH057109A (ja) * 1991-06-27 1993-01-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 携帯電話用内蔵アンテナ
US5526007A (en) * 1992-03-26 1996-06-11 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Wire antenna for circularly polarized wave
US5289198A (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-02-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Double-folded monopole
EP0814536A2 (fr) * 1996-06-20 1997-12-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Yokowo Antenne et appareil de radio utilisant une telle antenne

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 264 (E-1370), 24 May 1993 (1993-05-24) -& JP 05 007109 A (MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP), 14 January 1993 (1993-01-14) *
ROEDERER A G: "THE CROSS ANTENNA: A NEW LOW-PROFILE CIRCULARLY POLARIZED RADIATOR" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION,US,IEEE INC. NEW YORK, vol. 38, no. 5, 1 May 1990 (1990-05-01), pages 704-710, XP000135617 ISSN: 0018-926X *

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10056682B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2018-08-21 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US9761934B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2017-09-12 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US8207893B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2012-06-26 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US10355346B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2019-07-16 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US8610627B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2013-12-17 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US8558741B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2013-10-15 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US8471772B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2013-06-25 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US8212726B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2012-07-03 Fractus, Sa Space-filling miniature antennas
US7053839B2 (en) 2000-06-22 2006-05-30 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Antenna for a portable communication apparatus, and a portable communication apparatus comprising such an antenna
WO2001099228A1 (fr) * 2000-06-22 2001-12-27 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenne d'un appareil de communication portable, et appareil correspondant dote d'une telle antenne
DE10226910B4 (de) * 2001-06-20 2007-07-05 Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Oberflächenmontierbare Antenne und Verwendung derselben
US9755314B2 (en) 2001-10-16 2017-09-05 Fractus S.A. Loaded antenna
US7239889B2 (en) 2001-10-31 2007-07-03 Nokia Corporation Antenna system for GSM/WLAN radio operation
US6950072B2 (en) 2002-10-23 2005-09-27 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Surface mount antenna, antenna device using the same, and communication device
EP1579529A4 (fr) * 2002-12-17 2007-09-19 Ethertronics Inc Antennes a encombrement reduit et performance amelioree
EP1579529A2 (fr) * 2002-12-17 2005-09-28 Ethertronics, Inc. Antennes a encombrement reduit et performance amelioree
US8674887B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2014-03-18 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
US7411556B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2008-08-12 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
US8253633B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2012-08-28 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
US8259016B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2012-09-04 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
US8456365B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2013-06-04 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antennas for mobile communications devices
US7403164B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2008-07-22 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
JP2006510321A (ja) * 2002-12-22 2006-03-23 フラクタス・ソシエダッド・アノニマ 移動通信デバイス用のマルチバンド・モノポール・アンテナ
US7675470B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2010-03-09 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
US7423592B2 (en) 2004-01-30 2008-09-09 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antennas for mobile communications devices
DE102005047418B4 (de) * 2004-10-14 2016-07-07 Mediatek Inc. Mehrband-Antenneneinrichtung, drahtlose Datenübertragungseinrichtung sowie Radiofrequenz-Chip
WO2006073034A1 (fr) * 2005-01-05 2006-07-13 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Structure d’antenne et unité de communication sans fil équipée de celle-ci
US7538732B2 (en) 2005-01-05 2009-05-26 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenna structure and radio communication apparatus including the same
US7675463B2 (en) 2005-09-15 2010-03-09 Infineon Technologies Ag Miniaturized integrated monopole antenna
EP1764866A1 (fr) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-21 Infineon Tehnologies AG Antenne monopole integrée miniaturisée
WO2007045665A1 (fr) * 2005-10-18 2007-04-26 Palm, Inc. Unite d'antenne a resonance multiple, circuit imprime correspondant et appareil de radiocommunication
US8816911B2 (en) 2005-10-18 2014-08-26 Qualcomm Incorporated Multiple resonant antenna unit, associated printed circuit board and radio communication
US11735810B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2023-08-22 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US9899727B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2018-02-20 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US9099773B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2015-08-04 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US10644380B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2020-05-05 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US11031677B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2021-06-08 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US11349200B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2022-05-31 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI980392A (fi) 1999-08-21
EP0938158A3 (fr) 2000-11-02
FI980392A0 (fi) 1998-02-20

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