EP0936854A1 - Procede et dispositif servant a cultiver des champignons - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif servant a cultiver des champignons

Info

Publication number
EP0936854A1
EP0936854A1 EP97923331A EP97923331A EP0936854A1 EP 0936854 A1 EP0936854 A1 EP 0936854A1 EP 97923331 A EP97923331 A EP 97923331A EP 97923331 A EP97923331 A EP 97923331A EP 0936854 A1 EP0936854 A1 EP 0936854A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
growing
carriers
growing space
nutrient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97923331A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Petrus Cornelis Oostvogels
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oostvogels Johannes P C
Original Assignee
Oostvogels Johannes P C
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oostvogels Johannes P C filed Critical Oostvogels Johannes P C
Publication of EP0936854A1 publication Critical patent/EP0936854A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/70—Harvesting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/62—Racks; Trays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for growing fungi, in particular edible toadstools, comprising the steps of: a) arranging a nutrient layer in a growing space, b) arranging mycelium in the nutrient layer, c) cultivating the mycelium to fungi, and d) harvesting the fungi .
  • Such a method is known and is generally applied for instance in mushroom farming.
  • a culture tray arranged in a rack is filled with a layer of compost of for instance 20 cm, in which is arranged a nursery material designated as mycelium, whereafter the whole is covered with a layer of earth of several centimetres.
  • the rack with culture trays is situated in a climate-conditioned growing space. After a period of about 4 weeks sufficient mushrooms have been grown from the mycelium to enable a first harvest. This takes place mechanically or manually, depending on the desired quality of the mushrooms. Because the compost layer is a very fertile nutrient layer for the mycelium, the latter still has sufficient vigour after the first harvest to make one or more additional harvests possible.
  • the total yield of the mushroom cultivation as according to the above described method amounts to roughly 20 to 40 kg/m 2 or more (50 kg/m 2 ) .
  • the culture trays or cases are placed loosely in a rack and for each harvest are taken out of the rack and carried outside the growing space using for instance a fork-lift truck.
  • the mushrooms are harvested, whereafter the cases are taken back into the growing space and re-placed in the rack until the following harvests.
  • sufficient space must be left clear in the growing space to enable manoeuvering with the culture trays, while repeated displacement of the culture trays is moreover time-consuming.
  • the above described methods have in common that they are comparatively costly due to the relatively high raw material consumption and the large amount of space taken up. In addition, these methods generally require the use of pesticides, which is undesirable from a public health viewpoint. Finally, with the known method it is possible only with great effort to maintain the temperature in the growing space within a desired range.
  • the invention therefore has for its object to provide an improved growing method. According to the invention this is achieved with a method of the above described type in that the nutrient layer arranged in the growing space is substantially compost -free . While as a result of making hardly any use of compost the yield of the culture per unit area is smaller than in the conventional method, the raw material costs are also consider- ably lower.
  • a single harvesting will moreover suffice in this method, which harvesting can therefore take place outside the growing space, whereby the space occupied by the culture trays is considerably smaller. Furthermore, because the fungi are harvested before the vermin specif- ic to such a culture is fully grown, the use of pesticides can be dispensed with. Finally, the temperature in the growing space can be controlled better in the method according to the invention, since it is particularly the compost which generates a relatively large amount of heat . Through control of the temperature in the growing space the moment of harvesting can moreover be adjusted precisely, whereby the workload of a grower can be properly spread.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for growing fungi with which the above described method can be performed.
  • Such an apparatus which comprises a frame for placing in a growing space which is provided with a number of substantially horizontal carriers for a nutrient layer placed one above another, is characterized according to the invention in that the carriers are arranged in the frame with an interspace in vertical direction, and the interspace is smaller than 40 cm, and preferably smaller than 30 cm.
  • This small interspace can be achieved because no side edges are required along the carriers due to the small thickness of the nutrient layer.
  • the growing space is utilized optimally by making use of carriers received in the frame with small interspacing. By placing for instance four times as many carriers above each other as would be possible in the conventional culture methods, the decrease in yield resulting from the omission of the compost nutrient layer is already partially compensated.
  • Preferred embodiments of the apparatus according to the invention form the subject-matter of the sub-claims 12-15.
  • fig. 1 shows a perspective detail view of a nutrient layer which is arranged on a carrier and which has therein fungi which are grown according to the method of the invention
  • fig. 2 is a perspective view of a part of a growing apparatus according to the invention.
  • a nutrient layer 2 is arranged in a growing space l (fig. 2) .
  • a nursery material for fungi known under the name mycelium, is then placed in this nutrient layer.
  • This mycelium is then cultivated to produce fungi 3 which can subsequently be harvested.
  • the method according to the invention is herein distinguished from the conventional methods in that no or hardly any use is made of compost for the nutrient layer 2.
  • the nutrient layer 2 is formed by a very thin compost layer 4 of for instance 1 cm, onto which is_ arranged a thicker layer, here for instance of about 2.5 cm, of moisture-absorbing and retaining material 5 such as for instance top soil (fig. 1) .
  • the thickness of the moisture-absorbing layer amounts to at least half the thickness of the compost layer, but is preferably equal to the thickness of the compost layer or, even more preferably, amounts to twice this thickness.
  • This harvesting which can take place about 3 to 4 weeks after the beginning of the growing cycle, produces for instance a quantity of fungi of 2 kg - 5 kg/m 2 of nutrient material. Because only one harvest is required, harvesting need not take place in the growing space 1 itself but can be carried out outside.
  • the nutrient layer 2 can be arranged for this purpose on a displaceable carrier 6, for instance in the form of cloth 7, for instance nylon cloth, slidable on a board 16. Because the fungi in growing space 1 do not have to be accessible for harvesting thereof, these carriers 6 can be arranged with relatively small interspacing in a growing apparatus 8.
  • This growing apparatus 8 herein comprises a frame 9 formed by a number of uprights 10, a number of longitudinal girders 11 and a number of transverse connections 12. Carriers 6 are placed with interspacing one above the other in this frame 9. Because only a very thin nutrient layer 2 is arranged on carriers 6 , the frame does not have to have any standing walls or side edges. This interspacing between two carriers 6 placed one above the other can thereby be less than 40 cm, and preferably less than 30 cm. The interspace more preferably even amounts to less than 20 cm, for instance 15 cm. In this manner a large number of carriers 6 can be placed one above another in frame 9, whereby a considerable quantity of fungi 3 can still be cultivated and harvested per unit area in growing space 1.
  • a frame which can contain for instance 5 layers of carriers with use of a conventional growing method is able to accommodate 20 layers of carriers with use of the method according to the invention.
  • a relatively large amount of space is further required around the carriers in the conventional growing method in order to enable interim harvesting in growing space 1, whereby fewer racks with carriers can be placed adjacently of each other.
  • the movable carriers 6 are formed in the shown embodiment by strips of nylon cloth 7 which are slidable over the boards 16 of frame 9.
  • a harvesting device 13 which consists of a portal 14 which is displaceable in the direction of arrow D between guide rails 15.
  • Portal 14 has a table 23 with a winding roller 21 which is driven by a motor 22.
  • the portal can be displaced upward and downward by means of a winding motor 18, whereby two suspension cables 17 are paid out or hauled in.
  • portal 14 are further suspended rotating knives 20 driven collectively by a motor 19.
  • Other knives can of course also be envisaged, such as for instance two flat knives which are placed one above the other and movable reciprocally in opposing directions and which extend over the whole width of the cloth.
  • the portal 14 is displaced such that table 23 lies in the line of one of the carriers 6, whereafter the cloth 7 present thereon is connected to a lead-in strip fastened to drum 21 and drum 21 is then rotated by motor
  • the knife 20 is herein moved reciprocally in transverse direction of the cloth strip, whereby the fully-grown fungi 3 protruding above the nutrient layer 2 are cut off. These are then discharged via a belt 26 extending in transverse direction and provided with carrier members and a cross conveyor 24.
  • a belt 26 extending in transverse direction and provided with carrier members and a cross conveyor 24.
  • the cloth is wound up nutrient material 2 falls onto a laterally placed conveyor belt 25 and is discharged in the direction of arrow S in order to be disinfected and made suitable for reuse or to be disposed of . In this manner the nutrient layers 2 with fungi 3 can be removed successively from all carriers 6 and the fungi 3 thereof harvested.
  • the apparatus can otherwise be made suitable for manual harvesting of fungi 3.
  • the table 23 is then lengthened by a few metres, while knife 20 can be omitted.
  • one or more passageways or benches can then be placed on which a number of pickers can stand or sit.
  • a cross conveyor 25 is again then placed for discharge of the nutrient material .
  • Preparing the apparatus 8 for a following growing cycle takes place in similar manner.
  • a lead-in strip is herein also connected to a fresh strip of nylon on which nutrient material and mycelium is then spread before cloth 7 is pulled into frame 9.
  • the raw material costs are considerably lower because less relatively expensive compost, or none at all, is used.
  • pesticides required, or hardly so, since the vermin specific to fungi has a growth cycle roughly the same as the growth cycle of the fungi, whereby the vermin does not develop before the fungi are harvested.
  • full use must be made of pesticides, particularly during the second and third harvest, since at that moment the vermin has developed.
  • cultivation can be better controlled with the method and apparatus according to the invention and less equipment is necessary to condition the climate in growing space 1. This is a result of the fact that compost develops heat, whereby the growth of the fungi is indeed accelerated but it also becomes more difficult to maintain the required temperatures in the order of 17 or 18 °C in growing space 1.
  • the temperature can be readily controlled and the growing process can thereby be regulated such that harvesting is not necessary for instance at weekends or outside normal working hours .
  • the workload for the grower can hereby be spread and the cultivation costs limited still further.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à faire pousser des champignons comestibles et consistant à (a) disposer une couche nourricière dans un espace de culture; (b) placer le mycélium dans la couche nourricière; (c) cultiver le mycélium afin d'obtenir des champignons; (d) récolter les champignons, la couche nourricière disposée dans l'espace de culture étant pratiquement exempte de compost. On peut préparer cette couche nourricière en disposant sur une couche de compost relativement mince, une couche absorbant l'humidité, dont l'épaisseur représente au moins la moitié de l'épaisseur de la couche de compost. Il est même possible de constituer la couche nourricière uniquement par une couche absorbant l'humidité. Ceci permet de limiter les coûts de la culture, de diminuer de façon encore plus évidente la consommation de matières premières et, par conséquent, d'augmenter le rendement spécifique de cette culture. L'invention concerne également un dispositif servant à mettre ce procédé en application et consistant en un cadre qu'on place dans un espace de culture pourvu de plusieurs supports sensiblement horizontaux pour une couche nourricière et placés les uns au-dessus des autres, ces supports étant situés dans le cadre avec un espace intermédiaire inférieur à 40 cm dans un sens vertical. On peut placer ces supports de façon mobile dans le cadre. Ceci permet de récolter les champignons sur les supports hors de l'espace de culture et d'économiser ainsi de l'espace.
EP97923331A 1997-05-23 1997-05-23 Procede et dispositif servant a cultiver des champignons Withdrawn EP0936854A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/NL1997/000292 WO1998052403A1 (fr) 1997-05-23 1997-05-23 Procede et dispositif servant a cultiver des champignons

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0936854A1 true EP0936854A1 (fr) 1999-08-25

Family

ID=19866190

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97923331A Withdrawn EP0936854A1 (fr) 1997-05-23 1997-05-23 Procede et dispositif servant a cultiver des champignons

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0936854A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998052403A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111758483A (zh) * 2020-05-18 2020-10-13 宁晋县坤茂食用菌科技有限公司 一种高产羊肚菌的种植方法

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9485917B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2016-11-08 Ecovative Design, LLC Method for producing grown materials and products made thereby
WO2010095932A1 (fr) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Verdellen Beheer B.V. Support de culture pour champignons et dispositif et procédé de culture de champignons
US20130340329A1 (en) 2010-12-22 2013-12-26 Hendrik van den Top Harvesting Device, Grow Space, Grow System and Method
DE102011011411B4 (de) * 2011-02-16 2018-08-23 Servatius Schneiders System und Verfahren zur Kultivierung und Ernte von Pilzen
CN104322277B (zh) * 2014-10-17 2017-09-22 浙江宏业新能源有限公司 一种拉网机
US11920126B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2024-03-05 Ecovative Design Llc Bio-manufacturing process
US11277981B2 (en) 2018-10-24 2022-03-22 Mycoworks, Inc. Monokaryon mycelial material and related method of production
WO2023196500A1 (fr) * 2022-04-08 2023-10-12 Ecovative Design Llc Systèmes et procédés de récolte de mycélium

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2065240C3 (de) * 1970-01-13 1975-04-17 Kuhn/Sohm Gmbh, Herisau (Schweiz) Einrichtung zum Kultivieren von Pflanzen, insbesondere Champignons
GB8621119D0 (en) * 1986-09-01 1986-10-08 Thompson B A Mushroom cultivation
NL8701239A (nl) * 1987-05-22 1988-12-16 Top Hendrik Van Den Inrichting voor het kweken van tuinbouwproducten, in het bijzonder champignons.
NL9001797A (nl) * 1990-08-10 1992-03-02 Alphonsus Hubertus Georgius Ba Werkwijze en inrichting voor het kweken van paddestoelen.
DE4026585A1 (de) * 1990-08-23 1992-03-05 Juergen Kynast Verfahren zur herstellung eines kuenstlichen, nicht kompostierten naehrbodens (substrat) fuer pilze, insbesondere speisepilze
WO1993013647A1 (fr) * 1992-01-14 1993-07-22 Campbell Soup Company Bac utilise pour cultiver du blanc de champignon
NL1001735C2 (nl) * 1995-11-23 1997-05-27 Johannes Petrus Cornelis Oostv Werkwijze en inrichting voor het telen van zwammen.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9852403A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111758483A (zh) * 2020-05-18 2020-10-13 宁晋县坤茂食用菌科技有限公司 一种高产羊肚菌的种植方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998052403A1 (fr) 1998-11-26

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