EP0935514A1 - Procede de realisation de raccordements a vis - Google Patents

Procede de realisation de raccordements a vis

Info

Publication number
EP0935514A1
EP0935514A1 EP97943860A EP97943860A EP0935514A1 EP 0935514 A1 EP0935514 A1 EP 0935514A1 EP 97943860 A EP97943860 A EP 97943860A EP 97943860 A EP97943860 A EP 97943860A EP 0935514 A1 EP0935514 A1 EP 0935514A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screw
acoustic emission
screwing
predetermined
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97943860A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas LÖFFLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weber Schraubautomaten GmbH
Original Assignee
Weber Schraubautomaten GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weber Schraubautomaten GmbH filed Critical Weber Schraubautomaten GmbH
Publication of EP0935514A1 publication Critical patent/EP0935514A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
    • B25B23/1425—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
    • B23P19/065—Arrangements for torque limiters or torque indicators in screw or nut setting machines
    • B23P19/066—Arrangements for torque limiters or torque indicators in screw or nut setting machines by electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing screw connections and can preferably be used in assembly processes in industrial production.
  • torque or angle measurement systems are used, which are integrated in the screwing system. If a preset torque is reached when the screw is screwed in, a signal output by the torque or angle of rotation measurement system is used to switch off the drive unit, or the screw is turned further by a predetermined angle of rotation.
  • a device for determining the pretensioning force of screws located in a component with the aid of at least one coil through which alternating current flows is disclosed, the screws at least partially consisting of the surface facing the coil (s) made of electrically conductive material, and being proportional to the pretensioning force the distance between the screws and at least one coil is detected by the latter as a measurement signal, the head of the screw having a projecting region facing the component.
  • This method has the disadvantage that it can only be used for screws made of electrically conductive material. Changes in length caused by plastic deformations cannot be recorded. The lengths to be measured are so small that this process can hardly be used under rough production conditions or only with considerable technical effort.
  • DE 401 7726 describes a fastening screw with an at least partially threaded shaft and an actuating end on which a head, a pin boss or the like. are provided, a first end surface being provided at the confirmation end of the fastening screw and a second end surface being provided at the free end of the shaft, and measuring surfaces for ultrasonic measurement are provided in both end surfaces, which extend only over part of the end surfaces and to the end surfaces in the sense of a Elevation and / or depression are arranged axially offset.
  • This device uses ultrasound to measure the change in length of the screw.
  • the prestressing force is determined directly from the material characteristics and the geometrical dimensions of the screw using methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the subjects of patent applications DE 1 9507391 and DE 4025430 are based on the same principle.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for the direct determination of the prestressing force on screw connections, which overcomes the problems described above.
  • the object is achieved with a method according to claim 1, wherein two components are pressed together with a predetermined prestressing force by means of a screw which is rotated by an adjustable screwing device. Due to the elongation of the screw, an acoustic emission is emitted from the screw material.
  • the process is characterized by the following process steps:
  • the acoustic emission signals are evaluated using the methods of sound emission analysis known in the prior art.
  • the advantage of the method is that a signal that correlates closely with the pretensioning force is obtained, which is independent of the friction in the thread or on the screw head and can optionally be used to control or regulate the screwing-in process. It is possible to combine this acoustic emission signal with the measurement signals of the measured variables torque, angle of rotation, screw length, yield point, screw-in depth previously known from the prior art. These combinations are used for screw connections in which compliance with specified quality features is particularly closely tolerated. If necessary, it is also possible to combine more than two measured variables. Another and essential advantage of the method is that the acoustic emission is also detected in the vicinity of the screw can be. This is the first time that a method is available for the direct determination of the prestressing force of a screw in a screw connection, in which the measurement variable does not have to be tapped directly on the screw itself.
  • a suitable environment is selected on the screw in which the acoustic emission is easy to detect.
  • a suitable location is preferably the front or side surface of the screw head or the front surface of the screw end. Depending on the specific installation conditions, another location can be selected that enables direct contact between the sensor for recording the acoustic emission and the screw.
  • a suitable location is selected at which the acoustic emission can be easily detected.
  • the sound transmission conditions must be taken into account.
  • An optimal position is determined by means of a few tests.
  • the acoustic emission is detected both directly on the screw and at a suitable location in the immediate vicinity of the screw. With special requirements and under special conditions, this procedure offers greater reliability when evaluating acoustic emissions.
  • the screw-in depth of the screw is continuously determined using a depth sensor.
  • the signal from the depth sensor exceeds a predetermined limit value T and the detection of the acoustic Emission is started.
  • the rotation angle measurement is started.
  • the screw spindle with which the screw is screwed in is switched off. It is then checked whether the angle of rotation is in a predetermined range. If the angle of rotation is within the specified range, the screw connection is assessed as good, if the angle of rotation is outside the specified range, the screw connection is assessed as defective.
  • the torque on the screw is continuously determined using a torque sensor.
  • the signal from the torque sensor exceeds a predetermined limit value M and the detection of the acoustic emission is started.
  • a rotation angle measurement is started. The ratio of the two variables is calculated from the determined torque and the angle of rotation. If the acoustic emission reaches a further predetermined limit value E2, the screw spindle is switched off and it is checked whether the ratio of torque / angle of rotation and / or the angle of rotation and / or the torque are within predetermined ranges.
  • the screw Before the screw is screwed in, its length L1 is measured. Then, while simultaneously measuring the screw-in depth using a depth gauge and measuring the torque, the screw is screwed in until the screw head rests. With the headrest, the measurement signal of the depth gauge reaches a limit value T, after which the detection of the acoustic emission is started. If the acoustic emission reaches a predetermined value E1, the rotation angle measurement is started. If the acoustic emission reaches a further predetermined value E2, the screw spindle is switched off and the length L2 of the screw is measured. The prestressing force is calculated from the length difference L2-L1 using the known geometric dimensions and the strength characteristics of the screw.
  • the production of the screw connection is controlled via the torque or the angle of rotation or the yield point, the monitoring being carried out via the acoustic emission.
  • the screw is screwed in while measuring the torque up to the headrest.
  • the torque reaches a predetermined value M 1, after which the acoustic emission is detected is started. If the torque reaches a predetermined value M2, the screw spindle is switched off. It is then checked whether the acoustic emissions are within a predetermined range or meet predetermined criteria. This means that the elongation of the screw can be checked indirectly without the disruptive influence of thread and head friction.
  • the screw is screwed in while measuring the torque up to the headrest.
  • the torque reaches a predetermined value M 1, after which the detection of the acoustic emission and the angle of rotation is started.
  • a predetermined angle of rotation D 1 the screw spindle is switched off. It is then checked whether the acoustic emissions are within a predetermined range or meet certain criteria. In particular, this method can be used to determine whether the screw has not been drawn into the area of plastic deformation or has been drawn too far.
  • Variant 3 The screw is screwed in while measuring the torque up to the headrest. After the head rest, the torque rises sharply and reaches a predetermined value M 1. At this point the torque / angle of rotation ratio is determined and acoustic emission measurement is started. After a predetermined ratio of torque / angle of rotation, the screw spindle is switched off. It is then checked whether the acoustic emission is within a predetermined range or meets predetermined criteria.
  • the method according to the invention is used for redundant monitoring of the screwing-in process. It can be combined with the methods known from the prior art. One of these possible combinations will be explained as an example for others.
  • a screw is screwed in while simultaneously measuring the torque using an "operating mode fast".
  • a threshold torque M 1 which signals and ensures that the screw head is in place
  • an "operating mode slow” is switched on and a rotation angle monitoring is activated at the same time.
  • the screw is turned slowly until a technologically predetermined shutdown torque M2 is reached.
  • the size of the angle of rotation between M 1 and M2 can be used to determine whether the measured angle of rotation corresponds to a predetermined angle of rotation and thus the screw is tightened in accordance with the technological specification.
  • the rotation angle control is monitored redundantly, in which it is determined whether a characteristic cal pattern of the acoustic emission matches a comparison pattern stored in the memory unit.
  • This redundant control increases the statistical certainty with which the quality of the screw connection is assessed with regard to the contact pressure.
  • This method can preferably be used for tightly toleranced screw connections. Another advantage is that the redundant monitoring can be retrofitted to existing screw-in devices
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the screw is placed on the component and screwed in, at the same time the screw-in depth is measured with a depth sensor.
  • the depth sensor emits a signal that starts the measurement of the acoustic emission (AE).
  • An AE sensor that can be detachably coupled to the screw detects the high-frequency AE signals generated in the screw, which in the present example are in the range from 1 30 to 300 kHz.
  • the AE signals are processed into a quasi-static signal. For this purpose, bandpass filtering is first carried out in order to increase the ratio of useful and interference signals.
  • the bandpass filter is dimensioned in such a way that disturbing sound signals, which arise from the friction processes in the thread or from other sound sources, are separated from the useful signal, which is generated by the elongation of the screw.
  • the signal is then squared and averaging is carried out.
  • the averaging as well as the width and position of the frequency range depends on the screw or screw type and is determined by tests. If empirical values are already available for a specific screw type, only an optimization may be necessary.
  • further bandpass filters can be used. If the filtered quasi-static signal of the acoustic emission exceeds a predetermined limit value E1, the rotation angle measurement is started. If a further limit value E2 is reached, the screw spindle is switched off.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de réalisation de raccordements à vis définis, selon lequel deux éléments constitutifs sont comprimés l'un contre l'autre avec une force de précontrainte prédéterminée, à l'aide d'une vis vissée par un dispositif de vissage régulable, la vis produisant une émission acoustique. Ce procédé comprend les étapes suivantes: détecter l'émission acoustique produite dans la vis pendant un processus de vissage en cours; comparer l'émission acoustique intervenant pendant le processus de vissage en cours, avec des données prédéterminées mémorisées; déterminer selon des critères prédéterminés si le processus de vissage se déroule comme il se doit. Ce procédé s'utilise de préférence dans des opérations de montage dans le cadre de la production à échelle industrielle.
EP97943860A 1996-10-30 1997-09-11 Procede de realisation de raccordements a vis Withdrawn EP0935514A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1996143933 DE19643933C1 (de) 1996-10-30 1996-10-30 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schraubverbindungen
DE19643933 1996-10-30
PCT/EP1997/004986 WO1998018601A1 (fr) 1996-10-30 1997-09-11 Procede de realisation de raccordements a vis

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0935514A1 true EP0935514A1 (fr) 1999-08-18

Family

ID=7809682

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97943860A Withdrawn EP0935514A1 (fr) 1996-10-30 1997-09-11 Procede de realisation de raccordements a vis

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0935514A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001511073A (fr)
CN (1) CN1235570A (fr)
AU (1) AU719448B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9712394A (fr)
CA (1) CA2269949A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19643933C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998018601A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE518436C2 (sv) * 1998-05-14 2002-10-08 Atlas Copco Tools Ab Metod för bestämning av axialkraften i ett gängat fästelement vid åtdragning över sträckgränsen
DE19944702A1 (de) * 1999-09-17 2001-03-22 Weber Schraubautomaten Gmbh Schraubvorrichtung
DE19944717A1 (de) * 1999-09-17 2001-03-22 Weber Schraubautomaten Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Schraubvorrichtung
DE10042291C1 (de) * 2000-08-29 2002-02-14 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren zur Überwachung und Steuerung eines Schraubvorganges
US20080131228A1 (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Caterpillar Inc. Fastener tightening system utilizing ultrasonic technology
JP5163270B2 (ja) * 2008-05-13 2013-03-13 マツダ株式会社 ボルト締結方法及びその装置
FR3006765B1 (fr) * 2013-06-11 2015-07-03 Airbus Operations Sas Procede et dispositif de detection d'un phenomene de grippage par emission acoustique
US20170321502A1 (en) * 2016-05-06 2017-11-09 Baker Hughes Incorporated Use of acoustic emission technology in oilfield tubular make ups
CN107470896B (zh) * 2017-09-05 2019-04-12 天合汽车零部件（上海）有限公司 紧固件外螺纹初配内螺纹监控装置及监控方法
DE102019211303A1 (de) * 2019-07-30 2021-02-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Arbeitsfortschrittes einer Handwerkzeugmaschine
DE102021124669A1 (de) 2021-09-23 2023-03-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Prozesskontrolle bei Schraubprozessen
CN114952239B (zh) * 2022-06-07 2023-10-20 江苏悦阳光伏科技有限公司 光伏组件接线盒盒盖的自动安装及效果检测装置

Family Cites Families (10)

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LU84553A1 (fr) * 1982-12-24 1984-10-22 Benoit De Halleux Procede de mesure de contrainte dans un milieu et element et assemblage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
JPS60150919A (ja) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-08 Hitachi Ltd 型枠のねじの自動締結装置
JPH02274441A (ja) * 1989-04-18 1990-11-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd ネジ部材の緩み検出装置
JP2913322B2 (ja) * 1989-09-08 1999-06-28 横浜ゴム株式会社 ランフラット空気入りラジアルタイヤ
DE4017726C2 (de) * 1990-06-01 1993-12-16 Kellermann Fa Rudolf Befestigungsschraube
DE4025430A1 (de) * 1990-08-10 1992-02-13 Psm Drucklufttechnik Vertrieb Drehschrauberkopf
US5277261A (en) * 1992-01-23 1994-01-11 Makita Corporation Tightening tool
DE4410722A1 (de) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zur berührungsfreien Bestimmung der Vorspannkraft
JPH0858284A (ja) * 1994-08-29 1996-03-05 Kotobuki:Kk シャープペンシル
DE19507391C2 (de) * 1994-09-06 2003-08-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schraubvorrichtung zum ultraschallgesteuerten Anziehen von Schraubverbindungen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9818601A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19643933C1 (de) 1998-03-12
CA2269949A1 (fr) 1998-05-07
BR9712394A (pt) 1999-08-31
WO1998018601A1 (fr) 1998-05-07
CN1235570A (zh) 1999-11-17
AU719448B2 (en) 2000-05-11
AU4554997A (en) 1998-05-22
JP2001511073A (ja) 2001-08-07

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