EP0925440B1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0925440B1
EP0925440B1 EP98921342A EP98921342A EP0925440B1 EP 0925440 B1 EP0925440 B1 EP 0925440B1 EP 98921342 A EP98921342 A EP 98921342A EP 98921342 A EP98921342 A EP 98921342A EP 0925440 B1 EP0925440 B1 EP 0925440B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
fuel
pressure
passage
fuel injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98921342A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0925440A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Heinz
Roger Potschin
Klaus-Peter Schmoll
Friedrich Boecking
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0925440A1 publication Critical patent/EP0925440A1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0031Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0045Three-way valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08Injectors peculiar thereto
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0014Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a 3-way valve is used with which Help the control room either only with the high pressure fuel source or only with a fuel return tank connected is.
  • the actuation of the valve member this 3-way valve is made using an electromagnet.
  • This known configuration is accordingly the control of the 3-way valve either the injection valve member in fully open or in completely closed Positioned.
  • the fuel injection device with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the compared to the advantage that the valve body of the valve member can be brought into an intermediate position so that the Control room by appropriate control of the existing one Connection to the high-pressure fuel source on the one hand and on the other hand a lower pressure to the relief space or higher pressure than if the control room exclusively with one or the other of the pressure levels would be connected.
  • the injection valve member can thus also take an intermediate position corresponding to a partial opening, which allows a diminished in this position Fuel injection rate of fuel into the combustion chamber too cause. It can be beneficial in this way with the help a pre-injection of a 3-way valve of the defined type can be realized that regularly only a very small injection quantity requires.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation the fuel injection device
  • Figure 2 shows a fuel injection valve the fuel injector in Section
  • Figure 3 that controls the fuel injector Valve element
  • Figure 4 shows a pressure curve, the control and the effect of the control operations of the 3-way valve clarified.
  • the invention is based on a fuel injection device, which has a high-pressure fuel pump 5 which from a fuel reservoir 6, if necessary with the interposition a prefeed pump receives fuel and over a pressure line 7, brought to high pressure, a high-pressure fuel reservoir 8 feeds.
  • a high-pressure fuel pump 5 which from a fuel reservoir 6, if necessary with the interposition a prefeed pump receives fuel and over a pressure line 7, brought to high pressure, a high-pressure fuel reservoir 8 feeds.
  • These parts are as To denote high-pressure fuel sources.
  • To control the Pressure in the high-pressure fuel reservoir 8 is a pressure control valve 11 containing relief line 12 is provided, from the high-pressure fuel reservoir back to the fuel tank 6 leads.
  • the high-pressure fuel accumulator 8 supplies via fuel lines 15 each Fuel injection valve 14 with fuel injection pressure brought fuel.
  • control unit 18 which corresponds to the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine the opening of the fuel injection valves 14 controls and so the fuel injection start and fuel injection duration certainly. From this control unit at the same time also controlled the pressure control valve, whereby as one of the parameters of the pressure in the high-pressure fuel reservoir is detected by means of a pressure sensor 9 and the control unit is fed.
  • FIG. 2 shows parts of a fuel injection valve 14 in the Cut.
  • This has a housing 19 by in a Longitudinal bore 20 is a needle-like injection valve member 21 is led.
  • This injector member is at one end provided with a conical sealing surface 23, those protruding into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine Tip 24 of the valve housing interacts with a seat, from which lead out injection openings 25, which the interior of the fuel injector, here the injector member 21 surrounding, with under injection pressure Connects fuel-filled annular space 27 with the combustion chamber, so as to perform an injection when the injector member has lifted from its seat.
  • the annulus 27 is connected to a pressure chamber 29 which is in constant Connected to a pressure line 30, which with the fuel line 15 of the respective fuel injection valve connected is.
  • the so the high-pressure fuel storage 8 supplied fuel pressure also acts in the Pressure chamber 29 and there on a pressure shoulder 31, via which in known manner, the fuel injection valve member at suitable Conditions are lifted off its valve seat can. At the other end of the injection valve member, this is in guided a cylinder bore 33 and closes there its end face 34 a control room 36.
  • the closed position the injection valve member is by the Pressure in the control room 36 and also by a compression spring that here symbolically only as arrow F acting in the closing direction is registered, controlled. While the in closing force acting spring F is unchangeable in its characteristics, with the help of the pressure in the control room 36, the opening or. Closing movement of the injection valve member triggered.
  • control room 36 is connected via a channel 37 with a 3-way valve trained valve 40 connected.
  • a channel 37 opens into a valve chamber 41 in which a closing body 42 of the valve member 43 of the valve 40 is adjustable is arranged.
  • the valve member 43 has one with the locking body 42 firmly connected plunger 45.
  • Am Closing body is a first sealing surface 46 on its one End face and a second sealing surface 47 on its other End face arranged. The second face goes in a connecting part 48 to the plunger 45, the one has a smaller diameter than the rest, in a guide hole 50 guided plungers 45.
  • annular space 51 Between the guide bore and the connecting part 48 of the plunger 45 becomes an annular space 51 formed, into which an inflow channel 53 opens.
  • the forms Annulus 51 a flow channel between the inlet channel and the valve chamber 41.
  • a valve seat 54 At the mouth of the guide bore 50 in the valve chamber 41 is formed a valve seat 54, which as second valve seat together with the second sealing surface 47 acts.
  • Coaxial with this and coaxial with the valve member 43 or the closing body 42 is at the opposite end of the Valve chamber 41 formed a first valve seat 55 with which the first sealing surface 46 acts together. From valve seat 55 leads from a drain channel 57 from the valve chamber 41. This is also shown in Figure 2 and leads to the Fuel reservoir 6 back or to a different design Relief chamber.
  • the inflow channel 53 which can also be seen in Figure 2, is with connected to the fuel line 15 and can therefore fuel from the high-pressure fuel reservoir via the valve chamber 41 when the valve member 43 is lifted from the second valve seat 54 Feed control room 36.
  • the first and second sealing surfaces 46 and 47 are present Trap conical.
  • the actuation of the The valve member 43 does not take place via the tappet 45 drive 59, shown as a piezo arrangement, e.g. as sogn. Piezostack or as a magnetostrictive element is executed.
  • These drives have the advantage that they Carry out travel distances analogous to the application of voltage and with high actuation force, albeit absolutely Generatable path is relatively small, so that with large travel ranges large piezo element packs can also be used have to.
  • the further advantage of such drives is that that they act very quickly, so that fast switching operations are feasible, especially in the injection technology are of great advantage.
  • the valve body 42 can now be adjusted by the drive 59 be that either with its first sealing surface 46 comes to rest on the first valve seat 55 and thus the Connection between control room 36 and drain channel 59 blocks.
  • the high pressure of the control chamber 36 High-pressure fuel reservoir 5 supplied and the injection valve member 21 due to the resulting force from the its end face 34 acting pressure held in the closed position.
  • the valve body 42 With its second sealing surface 47 in contact on the second valve seat 54 and thus closes the Inlet of high pressure fuel to the control room 36 and opens the drain channel 57 at the same time.
  • the control chamber 36 is then relieved and the injection valve member 21 may be due to on his pressure shoulder 31 acting high fuel pressure get into the open position and thus a fuel injection cause. If the control room 36 again with high The injection valve member is filled with fuel pressure 21 again because of the predominant force in the closing direction brought into the closed position.
  • the throttle 58 provided in the drain channel 57. It can still be in the inlet channel 53 also a throttle 60 are used, the Influence of pressure in the control room affected, both throttles 58 and 60 together on the state of the intermediate position of the Valve body between the two valve seats and the Pressure formation in the control room 36 are coordinated.
  • These chokes and / or the respective approach of the closing body 42 have one or the other of the valve seats 54 and 55 Influence on the resulting pressure of the control of the pilot injection quantity.
  • the inlet channel opens 53 into the annular space 51.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is an injector comprising a HP source (8) from which fuel is fed into injection valves (14) controlled by a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive pulse (59) valve (40). Said pulse enables a three-way valve to be developed, the closing body (42) of which can be put into an intermediate position, where a control chamber (36) exerts upon said closing body a hydraulic force in the direction of closure (21) of the closing member in the injector and can be connected both to a HP fuel source (8) and to an unloading space so as to permit the control pressure to be set in a range from the source high pressure to the discharge pressure, thereby adjusting a partial opening of the closing element in the injecting valve, so that a reduced amount of fuel can be injected into the combustion chamber of the engine.

Description

Die Erfindung geht von einer Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung nach der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1 aus. Bei einer solchen, durch die DE 44 06 901 bekannten Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung wird ein 3-Wegeventil verwendet, mit dessen Hilfe der Steuerraum entweder nur mit der Kraftstoffhochdruckquelle oder nur mit einem Kraftstoffrücklaufbehälter verbunden ist. Die Betätigung des Ventilgliedes dieses 3-Wegeventils erfolgt mit Hilfe eines Elektromagneten. Mit dieser bekannten Ausgestaltung wird entsprechend der Ansteuerung des 3-Wegeventils entweder das Einspritzventilglied in völlig geöffnete oder in völlig geschlossene Stellung gebracht.The invention relates to a fuel injection device according to the preamble of claim 1. At a such, known from DE 44 06 901 fuel injection device a 3-way valve is used with which Help the control room either only with the high pressure fuel source or only with a fuel return tank connected is. The actuation of the valve member this 3-way valve is made using an electromagnet. With this known configuration is accordingly the control of the 3-way valve either the injection valve member in fully open or in completely closed Positioned.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 hat dem gegenüber den Vorteil, daß der Ventilkörper des Ventilglieds in eine Zwischenstellung gebracht werden kann, so daß der Steuerraum durch entsprechende Steuerung der zugleich vorhandenen Verbindung zur Kraftstoffhochdruckquelle einerseits und zum Entlastungsraum andererseits einen geringeren Druck bzw. höheren Druck aufweist als wenn der Steuerraum ausschließlich mit dem einen oder anderen der Druckniveaus verbunden wäre. Somit kann auch das Einspritzventilglied eine Zwischenstellung einnehmen entsprechend einer Teilöffnung, die es erlaubt in dieser Stellung eine verminderte Kraftstoffeinspritzrate von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum zu bewirken. Es kann auf diese Weise vorteilhaft mit Hilfe eines 3-Wegeventils der definierten Art eine Voreinspritzung realisiert werden, die regelmäßig eine nur sehr kleine Einspritzmenge erfordert. Durch die Teilerregung des Piezoelements oder des magnetostriktiven Elements führt dieses einen Teilweg aus und verharrt in einer Stellung zwischen den beiden Ventilsitzen. Im Anschluß daran kann das Ventilglied wieder in eine den Steuerraum belastende Stellung gebracht werden zur Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung zwischen einer Vor- und einer Haupteinspritzung, um schließlich in eine den Zuflußkanal ganz sperrende Position gebracht zu werden, was zur Entlastung des Steuerraums führt und die an die Voreinspritzung anschließende Haupteinspritzung bewirkt.The fuel injection device according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the compared to the advantage that the valve body of the valve member can be brought into an intermediate position so that the Control room by appropriate control of the existing one Connection to the high-pressure fuel source on the one hand and on the other hand a lower pressure to the relief space or higher pressure than if the control room exclusively with one or the other of the pressure levels would be connected. The injection valve member can thus also take an intermediate position corresponding to a partial opening, which allows a diminished in this position Fuel injection rate of fuel into the combustion chamber too cause. It can be beneficial in this way with the help a pre-injection of a 3-way valve of the defined type can be realized that regularly only a very small injection quantity requires. Due to the partial excitation of the piezo element or the magnetostrictive element leads this one Partial way out and remains in a position between the two Valve seats. Following this, the valve member brought back into a position stressing the control room are used to interrupt fuel injection between a pre and a main injection to finally in brought a position completely blocking the inflow channel be what leads to the relief of the control room and the the main injection follows the pre-injection.

In vorteilhafter Weise ist dabei gemäß Patentanspruch 2 der den Ventilkörper des Ventilgliedes betätigende Stößel fest mit diesem verbunden. Zur Einstellung der Entlastungsdynamik wird vorteilhaft gemäß Patentanspruch 3 in den Abflußkanal eine Drossel angeordnet.Advantageously, according to claim 2 tappet actuating the valve body of the valve member associated with this. For setting the relief dynamics is advantageous according to claim 3 in the drain channel arranged a choke.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung der Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung, Figur 2 ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil der Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung im Schnitt, Figur 3 das das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil steuernde Ventilglied und Figur 4 einen Druckverlauf, der die Ansteuerung und die Auswirkung der Steuervorgänge des 3-Wegeventils verdeutlicht.An embodiment of the invention is in the drawing shown and is described in more detail in the following description explained. 1 shows a schematic representation the fuel injection device, Figure 2 shows a fuel injection valve the fuel injector in Section, Figure 3 that controls the fuel injector Valve element and Figure 4 shows a pressure curve, the control and the effect of the control operations of the 3-way valve clarified.

Beschreibungdescription

Die Erfindung basiert auf einer Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung, die eine Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 5 aufweist, welche aus einem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 6 ggf. unter Zwischenschaltung einer Vorförderpumpe Kraftstoff erhält und über eine Druckleitung 7, auf hohen Druck gebracht, einem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 8 zuführt. Diese Teile sind als Kraftstoffhochdruckguelle zu bezeichnen. Zur Steuerung des Druckes im Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 8 ist eine ein Drucksteuerventil 11 enthaltende Entlastungsleitung 12 vorgesehen, die vom Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher zurück zum Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 6 führt. Der Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 8 versorgt über Kraftstoffleitungen 15 jeweils ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 14 mit auf Kraftstoffeinspritzdruck gebrachtem Kraftstoff. Diese Kraftstoffeinspritzventile werden elektrisch gesteuert und zwar von einem Steuergerät 18, das entsprechend Betriebsparametern der Brennkraftmaschine die Öffnung der Kraftstoffeinspritzventile 14 steuert und so den Kraftstoffeinspritzbeginn und die Kraftstoffeinspritzdauer bestimmt. Von diesem Steuergerät wird zugleich auch das Drucksteuerventil gesteuert, wobei als einer der Parameter der Druck im Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher mittels eines Druckfühlers 9 erfaßt wird und dem Steuergerät zugeführt wird.The invention is based on a fuel injection device, which has a high-pressure fuel pump 5 which from a fuel reservoir 6, if necessary with the interposition a prefeed pump receives fuel and over a pressure line 7, brought to high pressure, a high-pressure fuel reservoir 8 feeds. These parts are as To denote high-pressure fuel sources. To control the Pressure in the high-pressure fuel reservoir 8 is a pressure control valve 11 containing relief line 12 is provided, from the high-pressure fuel reservoir back to the fuel tank 6 leads. The high-pressure fuel accumulator 8 supplies via fuel lines 15 each Fuel injection valve 14 with fuel injection pressure brought fuel. These fuel injectors are electrically controlled by a control unit 18, which corresponds to the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine the opening of the fuel injection valves 14 controls and so the fuel injection start and fuel injection duration certainly. From this control unit at the same time also controlled the pressure control valve, whereby as one of the parameters of the pressure in the high-pressure fuel reservoir is detected by means of a pressure sensor 9 and the control unit is fed.

Figur 2 zeigt Teile eines Kraftstoffeinspritzventils 14 im Schnitt. Dieses weist ein Gehäuse 19 auf, indem in einer Längsbohrung 20 ein nadelartiges Einspritzventilglied 21 geführt ist. An seinem einen Ende ist dieses Einspritzventilglied mit einer kegelförmigen Dichtfläche 23 versehen, die an der in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine ragenden Spitze 24 des Ventilgehäuses mit einem Sitz zusammen wirkt, von dem aus Einspritzöffnungen 25 abführen, die das Innere des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils, hier den das Einspritzventilglied 21 umgebenden, mit unter Einspritzdruck stehenden Kraftstoff gefüllten Ringraum 27 mit dem Brennraum verbindet, um so eine Einspritzung zu vollziehen, wenn das Einspritzventilglied von seinem Sitz abgehoben hat. Der Ringraum 27 ist mit einem Druckraum 29 verbunden, der in ständiger Verbindung mit einer Druckleitung 30 steht, die mit der Kraftstoffleitung 15 des jeweiligen Kraftstoffeinspritzventils verbunden ist. Der so dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 8 zugeführte Kraftstoffdruck wirkt auch in dem Druckraum 29 und dort auf eine Druckschulter 31, über die in bekannter Weise das Kraftstoffeinspritzventilglied bei geeigneten Bedingungen von seinem Ventilsitz abgehoben werden kann. Am anderen Ende des Einspritzventilglieds ist diese in einer Zylinderbohrung 33 geführt und schließt dort mit seiner Stirnseite 34 einen Steuerraum 36 ein. Die Schließstellung des Einspritzventilgliedes wird dabei durch den Druck im Steuerraum 36 und auch durch eine Druckfeder, die hier symbolisch nur als in Schließrichtung wirkender Pfeil F eingetragen ist, gesteuert. Während die in Schließkraft wirkende Feder F in ihrer Charakteristik unveränderlich ist, wird mit Hilfe des Druckes im Steuerraum 36 die Öffnungsbzw. Schließbewegung des Einspritzventilglieds ausgelöst. Dazu ist der Steuerraum 36 über einen Kanal 37 mit einem als 3-Wegeventil ausgebildeten Ventil 40 verbunden. Dieses ist in Figur 3 in den Details näher dargestellt. Vom Steuerraum mündet hier der Kanal 37 in einen Ventilraum 41 ein, in dem ein Schließkörper 42 des Ventilglieds 43 des Ventils 40 verstellbar angeordnet ist. Dazu hat das Ventilglied 43 einen mit dem Schließkörper 42 fest verbundenen Stößel 45. Am Schließkörper ist eine erste Dichtfläche 46 an seiner einen Stirnseite und eine zweite Dichtfläche 47 an seiner anderen Stirnseite angeordnet. Die zweite Stirnfläche geht dabei in ein Verbindungsteil 48 zum Stößel 45 über, der einen kleineren Durchmesser hat als der übrige, in einer Führungsbohrung 50 geführte Stößel 45. Zwischen Führungsbohrung und dem Verbindungsteil 48 des Stößels 45 wird ein Ringraum 51 gebildet, in den ein Zuflußkanal 53 mündet. Dabei bildet der Ringraum 51 einen Durchflußkanal zwischen Zuflußkanal und dem Ventilraum 41. An der Mündung der Führungsbohrung 50 in den Ventilraum 41 ist ein Ventilsitz 54 ausgebildet, der als zweiter Ventilsitz mit der zweiten Dichtfläche 47 zusammen wirkt. Koaxial zu diesem und koaxial zu dem Ventilglied 43 bzw. dem Schließkörper 42 ist am gegenüberliegenden Ende des Ventilraums 41 ein erster Ventilsitz 55 ausgebildet, mit dem die erste Dichtfläche 46 zusammen wirkt. Vom Ventilsitz 55 aus führt ein Abflußkanal 57 vom Ventilraum 41 ab. Dieser ist in der Figur 2 ebenfalls dargestellt und führt zu dem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 6 zurück oder zu einem anders gestalteten Entlastungsraum. In dem Abflußkanal ist eine Drossel 58 vorgesehen, die den Abflußquerschnitt bei vom ersten Ventilsitz 55 abgehobenen Ventilkörper bestimmt. Der Zuflußkanal 53, der ebenfalls in Figur 2 erkennbar ist, ist mit der Kraftstoffleitung 15 verbunden und kann somit Kraftstoff aus dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher über den Ventilraum 41 bei vom zweiten Ventilsitz 54 abgehobenen Ventilglied 43 dem Steuerraum 36 zuführen.FIG. 2 shows parts of a fuel injection valve 14 in the Cut. This has a housing 19 by in a Longitudinal bore 20 is a needle-like injection valve member 21 is led. This injector member is at one end provided with a conical sealing surface 23, those protruding into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine Tip 24 of the valve housing interacts with a seat, from which lead out injection openings 25, which the interior of the fuel injector, here the injector member 21 surrounding, with under injection pressure Connects fuel-filled annular space 27 with the combustion chamber, so as to perform an injection when the injector member has lifted from its seat. The annulus 27 is connected to a pressure chamber 29 which is in constant Connected to a pressure line 30, which with the fuel line 15 of the respective fuel injection valve connected is. The so the high-pressure fuel storage 8 supplied fuel pressure also acts in the Pressure chamber 29 and there on a pressure shoulder 31, via which in known manner, the fuel injection valve member at suitable Conditions are lifted off its valve seat can. At the other end of the injection valve member, this is in guided a cylinder bore 33 and closes there its end face 34 a control room 36. The closed position the injection valve member is by the Pressure in the control room 36 and also by a compression spring that here symbolically only as arrow F acting in the closing direction is registered, controlled. While the in closing force acting spring F is unchangeable in its characteristics, with the help of the pressure in the control room 36, the opening or. Closing movement of the injection valve member triggered. For this purpose, the control room 36 is connected via a channel 37 with a 3-way valve trained valve 40 connected. This is shown in more detail in Figure 3. From the control room Here the channel 37 opens into a valve chamber 41 in which a closing body 42 of the valve member 43 of the valve 40 is adjustable is arranged. For this purpose, the valve member 43 has one with the locking body 42 firmly connected plunger 45. Am Closing body is a first sealing surface 46 on its one End face and a second sealing surface 47 on its other End face arranged. The second face goes in a connecting part 48 to the plunger 45, the one has a smaller diameter than the rest, in a guide hole 50 guided plungers 45. Between the guide bore and the connecting part 48 of the plunger 45 becomes an annular space 51 formed, into which an inflow channel 53 opens. The forms Annulus 51 a flow channel between the inlet channel and the valve chamber 41. At the mouth of the guide bore 50 in the valve chamber 41 is formed a valve seat 54, which as second valve seat together with the second sealing surface 47 acts. Coaxial with this and coaxial with the valve member 43 or the closing body 42 is at the opposite end of the Valve chamber 41 formed a first valve seat 55 with which the first sealing surface 46 acts together. From valve seat 55 leads from a drain channel 57 from the valve chamber 41. This is also shown in Figure 2 and leads to the Fuel reservoir 6 back or to a different design Relief chamber. There is a throttle in the drainage channel 58 provided that the discharge cross-section at from the first Valve seat 55 lifted valve body determined. The inflow channel 53, which can also be seen in Figure 2, is with connected to the fuel line 15 and can therefore fuel from the high-pressure fuel reservoir via the valve chamber 41 when the valve member 43 is lifted from the second valve seat 54 Feed control room 36.

Die erste und die zweite Dichtfläche 46 bzw. 47 sind im vorliegenden Falle kegelförmig ausgebildet. Die Betätigung des Ventilglieds 43 erfolgt über den Stößel 45 von einem nicht weiter dargestelltem Antrieb 59, der als Piezoanordnung, z.B. als sogn. Piezostack oder als magnetostriktives Element ausgeführt ist. Diese Antriebe haben den Vorteil, daß sie analog zur Spannungsbeaufschlagung Stellwege durchführen und zwar mit hoher Betätigungskraft, wenn auch der absolut erzeugbare Weg relativ klein ist, so daß bei großen Stellwegen auch große Piezoelementpackungen verwendet werden müssen. Der weitere Vorteil solcher Antriebe besteht darin, daß sie sehr schnell wirken, so daß schnelle Schaltvorgänge durchführbar sind, die insbesondere bei der Einspritztechnik von hohem Vorteil sind.The first and second sealing surfaces 46 and 47 are present Trap conical. The actuation of the The valve member 43 does not take place via the tappet 45 drive 59, shown as a piezo arrangement, e.g. as sogn. Piezostack or as a magnetostrictive element is executed. These drives have the advantage that they Carry out travel distances analogous to the application of voltage and with high actuation force, albeit absolutely Generatable path is relatively small, so that with large travel ranges large piezo element packs can also be used have to. The further advantage of such drives is that that they act very quickly, so that fast switching operations are feasible, especially in the injection technology are of great advantage.

Durch den Antrieb 59 kann nun der Ventilkörper 42 so verstellt werden, daß er entweder mit seiner ersten Dichtfläche 46 am ersten Ventilsitz 55 zur Anlage kommt und somit die Verbindung zwischen Steuerraum 36 und Abflußkanal 59 sperrt. In diesem Falle wird dem Steuerraum 36 der hohe Druck des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers 5 zugeführt und das Einspritzventilglied 21 aufgrund der resultierenden Kraft aus dem auf seine Stirnfläche 34 wirkenden Druck in Schließstellung gehalten. In einem anderen Schaltzustand des Antriebs 59 kommt der Ventilkörper 42 mit seiner zweiten Dichtfläche 47 in Anlage an dem zweiten Ventilsitz 54 und verschließt somit den Zulauf von Hochdruckkraftstoff zum Steuerraum 36 und öffnet zugleich den Abflußkanal 57. Der Steuerraum 36 wird sodann entlastet und das Einspritzventilglied 21 kann infolge des auf seine Druckschulter 31 wirkenden hohen Kraftstoffdrucks in Offenstellung gelangen und somit eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung bewirken. Wenn der Steuerraum 36 wieder mit hohem Kraftstoffdruck gefüllt wird wird das Einspritzventilglied 21 wegen der in Schließrichtung nun überwiegenden Kraft wieder in Schließstellung gebracht.The valve body 42 can now be adjusted by the drive 59 be that either with its first sealing surface 46 comes to rest on the first valve seat 55 and thus the Connection between control room 36 and drain channel 59 blocks. In this case, the high pressure of the control chamber 36 High-pressure fuel reservoir 5 supplied and the injection valve member 21 due to the resulting force from the its end face 34 acting pressure held in the closed position. In another switching state of the drive 59 comes the valve body 42 with its second sealing surface 47 in contact on the second valve seat 54 and thus closes the Inlet of high pressure fuel to the control room 36 and opens the drain channel 57 at the same time. The control chamber 36 is then relieved and the injection valve member 21 may be due to on his pressure shoulder 31 acting high fuel pressure get into the open position and thus a fuel injection cause. If the control room 36 again with high The injection valve member is filled with fuel pressure 21 again because of the predominant force in the closing direction brought into the closed position.

Statt der oben dargestellten Positionen des Schließkörpers 42 kann dieser nun in eine Zwischenstellung gebracht werden durch entsprechende Erregung der Piezoelemente des Antriebs 59, so daß sich im Steuerraum 36 ein mittlerer Druck zwischen dem höchsten Druckniveau entsprechend dem Druck im Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher und dem niedrigsten Druckniveau entsprechend dem Entlastungsdruck einstellen kann. Dies bewirkt in Abstimmung mit der auf das Einspritzventilglied wirkenden übrigen Kräfte die Möglichkeit, das Einspritzventilglied in eine Zwischenstellung zu bringen, über die gedrosselt Kraftstoff zur Einspritzung in den Brennraum gelangt. Diese Einspritzung wird vorzugsweise für eine Voreinspritzung verwendet, wie sie bei fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschinen zur Geräuschreduzierung erforderlich ist. In Figur 4 ist oben der Druckverlauf des Drucks P im Steuerraum 36 über die Zeit dargestellt und darunter der Hub des Einspritzventilglieds, der der jeweiligen Einspritzung in Menge und Dauer entspricht. Man erkennt, daß für die Haupteinspritzung H im oben stehenden Linienzug der Steuerraum 37 wesentlich höher entlastet wird als im Bereich der Voreinspritzung V.Instead of the positions of the closing body shown above 42 this can now be brought into an intermediate position by appropriate excitation of the piezo elements of the drive 59, so that there is an average pressure between 36 in the control room the highest pressure level corresponding to the pressure in High-pressure fuel storage and the lowest pressure level can adjust according to the relief pressure. this causes in coordination with that on the injection valve member acting other forces the possibility of the injection valve member in an intermediate position, throttled Fuel gets into the combustion chamber for injection. This injection is preferably for a pre-injection used as in spark-ignited internal combustion engines is required to reduce noise. In Figure 4 is the pressure curve of the pressure P in the control room above 36 represented over time and including the stroke of the injection valve member, that of the respective injection in quantity and duration corresponds. It can be seen that for the main injection H in the line above the control room 37 is relieved considerably higher than in the area of the pre-injection V.

Zur dynamischen Beeinflussung der Öffnungs- und Schließbewegungen des Einspritzventilgliedes 21 ist z.B. die Drossel 58 im Ablaufkanal 57 vorgesehen. Es kann weiterhin im Zulaufkanal 53 ebenfalls eine Drossel 60 eingesetzt werden, die den Druckanstieg im Steuerraum beeinflußt, wobei beide Drosseln 58 und 60 zusammen auf den Zustand der Zwischenstellung des Ventilkörpers zwischen den beiden Ventilsitzen und die Druckbildung im Steuerraum 36 abgestimmt sind. Diese Drosseln und/oder die jeweilige Annäherung des Schließkörpers 42 an den einen oder anderen der Ventilsitze 54 bzw. 55 haben Einfluß auf den resultierenden Druck der Steuerung der Voreinspritzmenge. Im hier gezeigten Beispiel mündet der Zulaufkanal 53 in den Ringraum 51 ein. In Umkehrung kann auch der Zulaufkanal an die Stelle des Ablaufkanals 57 von Figur 3 treten und der Ablaufkanal an die Stelle des Zulaufkanals 53 dieser Figur vorgesehen werden. Diese Ausgestaltung hat einerseits den Vorteil, daß im Bereich der Führung zwischen Führungsbohrung 50 und Stößel 45 nur geringe Kraftstoffdrücke herrschen, so daß hier ein Leckage vermindert wird. Andererseits wirkt aber in Schließstellung der am ersten Ventilsitz 54 befindlichen Dichtfläche 46 noch ein verhältnismäßig hoher Druck auf die Restfläche am Ventilkörper, der diesen entgegen dem Antrieb belastet. Diese Belastung ist jedoch mit Hilfe von hohe Kräfte verwirklichenden Piezoelementen beherrschbar.For dynamic influencing of the opening and closing movements of the injector member 21 is e.g. the throttle 58 provided in the drain channel 57. It can still be in the inlet channel 53 also a throttle 60 are used, the Influence of pressure in the control room affected, both throttles 58 and 60 together on the state of the intermediate position of the Valve body between the two valve seats and the Pressure formation in the control room 36 are coordinated. These chokes and / or the respective approach of the closing body 42 have one or the other of the valve seats 54 and 55 Influence on the resulting pressure of the control of the pilot injection quantity. In the example shown here, the inlet channel opens 53 into the annular space 51. Conversely, too the inlet channel in place of the outlet channel 57 of FIG 3 step and the drain channel in place of the inlet channel 53 of this figure are provided. This configuration has on the one hand the advantage that in the area of leadership between Guide bore 50 and plunger 45 only low fuel pressures prevail, so that leakage is reduced here. On the other hand, however, the first one works in the closed position Valve seat 54 located sealing surface 46 is still a relatively high pressure on the remaining surface on the valve body, the loaded against the drive. This burden is however, with the help of piezoelectric elements realizing high forces manageable.

Claims (4)

  1. Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine with a high-pressure fuel source (5, 8), connected to which is a fuel injection valve (14), which has an injection-valve member (21) for controlling an injection opening (25) and a control space (36), which is bounded by a movable wall (34), which is connected at least indirectly to the fuel injection-valve member (21), and with an inflow passage (53), via which the high-pressure fuel source can be connected to the control space (36), and with an outflow passage (57), via which the control space (36) can be connected to a relief space (6), the said connections to and from the control space being controllable by means of a valve (40), which has a valve member (43) with a closing body (42) that is arranged in such a way as to be displaceable coaxially with two valve seats (54, 55) in a valve space (41), which is connected continuously to the control space (36) by a passage (37), and with a tappet (45), which is moved by an electrically actuated drive (59), by means of which the closing body (42) is moved between the valve seats (54, 55), and which is guided in a guide hole (50) coaxially adjoining one of the valve seats (54), and a throughflow passage (51) being formed in the housing (19) of the valve (40) between one valve seat (54), the tappet (45, 48) and the guide hole (50), this throughflow passage being connected to the outflow or the inflow passage, and the inflow or the outflow passage continuing coaxially adjacent to the other valve seat (55), and a restrictor (58, 60) that controls the flow being arranged in at least one of the passages, characterized in that a piezoelectric element or a magnetostrictive element is provided as the drive (59) for the tappet (45), the excitation of the said element being controllable in such a way that the closing body (42) assumes a position in which one or the other of the valve seats (54, 55) is completely open or completely closed or assumes an intermediate position in which both valve seats (54, 55) are open with a controlling action, the control space (36) then undergoing partial relief, causing the injection-valve member (21) to move into a partially open position.
  2. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the tappet (45) is connected firmly to the closing body (42).
  3. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that respective restrictors (60, 58) are arranged in both the inflow passage (53) and the outflow passage (57).
  4. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inflow passage (53) opens into the valve space (41) on the side of the tappet (45).
EP98921342A 1997-07-11 1998-03-10 Fuel injector Expired - Lifetime EP0925440B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19729844 1997-07-11
DE19729844A DE19729844A1 (en) 1997-07-11 1997-07-11 Fuel injector
PCT/DE1998/000700 WO1999002849A1 (en) 1997-07-11 1998-03-10 Fuel injector

Publications (2)

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EP0925440A1 EP0925440A1 (en) 1999-06-30
EP0925440B1 true EP0925440B1 (en) 2002-06-19

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EP98921342A Expired - Lifetime EP0925440B1 (en) 1997-07-11 1998-03-10 Fuel injector

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US (1) US6196193B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0925440B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4024314B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100561791B1 (en)
DE (2) DE19729844A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1999002849A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0925440A1 (en) 1999-06-30
JP4024314B2 (en) 2007-12-19
KR20000068531A (en) 2000-11-25
DE59804498D1 (en) 2002-07-25
US6196193B1 (en) 2001-03-06
KR100561791B1 (en) 2006-03-21
JP2001500218A (en) 2001-01-09
DE19729844A1 (en) 1999-01-14
WO1999002849A1 (en) 1999-01-21

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