EP0921999B1 - Dustcart with rear loader and interchangeable container - Google Patents

Abstract

Dust cart comprising a rear part (3) with a loading device for introducing the waste into the vehicle by known means and lifting and tipping means (4) to empty the waste containers. Parts of the rear or at least the lifting and tipping means (4) fastened thereto or the fastening means (2) thereof are flexibly coupled with each other with the result that they cause the height of the entire rear section to fall when it is swung down and substantially horizontal.

Description

Numerous proposals are known in the patent literature become the storage spaces of garbage trucks as interchangeable Train containers so that the one loaded on the collective tour (House) garbage not from a team of several to the most more distant waste treatment plants must be driven. It should simply be the containerized cargo space during the Collective tour exchanged with an empty one and with one Transport vehicle to be driven on.

With the usual garbage trucks in Europe Rear loading device interferes with the placement of these holds Rear superstructure if you do not have the container with forklifts on the wants to pick up different transfer points across the vehicle, but standard settling containers with parking supports are used. The container is carried by the vehicle using the air suspension or a seesaw, then the supports in Parking position brought and with lowered Rear loading device and lowered loading bridge the vehicle passed under this container. This often disturbs Rear loading device too bulging. She usually builds a lot long and is therefore too high when folded horizontally, to prevent the passage under the container in the case of standard supports enable. The standard height of the parking supports on the container is however necessary to commercial container transport vehicles to be able to use.

So you have garbage trucks with front loading devices developed (e.g. DE 42 04 062, 42 03 119), in which the Rubbish bins can be swiveled over the cab for emptying and the container is filled from above. He can be without place disruptive rear superstructures to the rear. This construction has the disadvantage, however, that the process of emptying the container runs slowly over the cab. At about 1200 Garbage can emptying usually per day means one A significant additional effort of a few seconds per emptying Increasing the price of the collection.

In order to be able to maintain the proven rear loading principle, in DE 27 27 492 the rotation of the entire structure suggested what, however, because of the payload of the vehicle the heavy structure lowers and is cumbersome. In the EP 0 588 033 the rear superstructure is completely decoupled from the vehicle and turned off. This requires an exact, lengthy process Docking and reconnecting the supply lines such as Hydraulic lines, which is due to possible air pockets through the Avoid separation. DE 4331750 provides the solution to the Problems of decoupling the loader and container in one opening the tail to the side, but this takes up a lot of space and if necessary, the container is to be made narrower to pass through to fit a mounting frame for the opening device, which reduces the transport volume.

Another problem with the containerization of Refuse collection vehicles consist in the closure of the container and its Handling after parking - regardless of the type its loading. DE 4301566 shows a rear side Closure of such a container, which with the loader in a closed position is brought to actuators save. This leads to the unloading of the container - how with DE 1225546 - problems when he is off the vehicle is uncoupled because the flap swings open around a pivot point can. The garbage is released after unlocking the rear wall fall out uncontrollably. Also in the documents EP 0201313, DE 2105830, DE 2312856 does not solve this. Furthermore, the Openings for injecting the garbage into the Containers are usually kept small, which means that they are only small Compaction of the waste takes place in the container, see here also DE 2407615. There is also no solution to the problem of Handling the parked container to empty it shown. Also, the expanding on all sides Prevent garbage that the slide shown there "at Swiveling the rear loading device away from the Garbage receiving opening will sink due to its own weight ".

DE 3703795 needs in connection with the problem not to be considered as it is only a protective hood shows for a rear loading device.

Furthermore, it is advantageous to use the garbage in the vehicle To compress press plates. The disadvantage is the abrasion and Maintenance requirements in the area of the shield guide. Since the loaded Rubbish is rarely homogeneous in the vehicle, it has a strong effect asymmetrical forces on the shield and its guidance and mostly cause abrasive damage. Here too is one To bring about improvement.

Returning to the principle of the arrangement of the Charging part (rear loading) should be noted: DE 2423023 the rear part when setting down the container swung away. For this purpose, a carrier device on the right and on the left in the rear of the container, which means that the Containers must be built narrower to pass through these carriers to be able to slide through. This is because of the limited Width of the vehicle (approx. 2.50 m) lost valuable cargo space.

Basically it is advantageous to drive under the container, see also DE 38 35 748, because then the container width is full can be used and no manual decoupling, docking and verification processes, etc. are required. With the 195 18 434 a loading plant has become known, which is very possesses variable properties and builds short, so that it is suitable for the principle of folding down is well suited and im horizontally folded down under the storage container can be carried out without cumbersome manipulations on the rear section.

In general, it can be disturbing that the stern (i.e. the Loading device) and / or the necessary pouring device (Lift-tilt device) for automatic emptying of the Rubbish bins, which are attached to the rear of the rear section, for Available headroom of the rear section (folded down) significantly reduced.

The object of the invention is, on the one hand, to have a garbage truck an overall arrangement of the rear loading part and the dumping device to design, which allows the rear part and / or the Form the pouring device so that it is horizontal folded down the underride of the cargo hold containers enable without the usual length of the loading tail must be changed and without lengthy docking processes become necessary or the volume of the container Fasteners for the rear section must be reduced. To the others the garbage truck is supposed to include a storage container, which may enable good waste compaction and yet that Parking and emptying the waste safely at all times dominates. There is another problem in that Compaction of the substances in the container, since the use is more common Hydraulic presses as heavy as with fixed bodies (Load limit!), Expensive and maintenance-prone. Therefore is often used on the compacting device at containerized Front loaders are dispensed with, which reduces the transport capacity and may make transportation more unprofitable. Therefore it is a further object of the invention, one Compacting device in the container to create the most possible Safe anywhere without any support against the vehicle can be put into operation, is easy to build and reliable works, but at least a safe emptying of a Rear loading container ensures. Furthermore, a general Facility can be found, which press plates more uniform leads to reduce wear and shear forces.

It is also necessary to close the container create that works reliably and accident-free and also one targeted unloading of waste from the parked container enables.

A) Die Schüttungseinrichtung oder Teile des Hecks wird gelenkig so angeordnet und befestigt, daß sie sich untergliedert zu mehreren Teilen vom Heckteil um eine oder mehrere waagrechte Achsen wegschwenken läßt/lassen und bei (waagrechter) Unterfahrposition des Heckteiles den erforderlichen Platzbedarf aufweisen. Dabei ist es sinnvoll, daß alle Elemente des Hecks, ggf. inkl. Schüttung so gestaltet sind, daß sie aneinander gekoppelt bleiben.

B) Der Absetzcontainer ist mit einem rolltorartigen Verschluß versehen, der den Container auch im abgestellten Zustand sicher verschlossen hält. Ferner kann er durch - bevorzugt hydraulisch arbeitende - Stellvorrichtungen jederzeit und zwangsgesteuert geöffnet und geschlossen werden.

C) Das im Container angebrachte, bekannte Verdichtungsschild wird beispielsweise mittels eines Seil- oder Kettenzuges bzw. einer Paarung Zahnrad/ Kette oder Zahnstange betätigt, wobei der Antrieb in einem vom Müll abgekapselten Raum angeordnet ist. Bevorzugt wird das Schild über eine hinter dem Schild liegende Welle angetrieben bzw. dort mit einem Laufrad für die Kette ausgestattet. Diese Antriebseinheit ist geschützt vom Müll installiert. Ihr Motor bzw. die Antriebseinheit kann auch auswechselbar angebracht sein und damit den Absetzcontainer billig gestalten. Wenn auf ein Verdichtungsschild, z.B. bei Biomüll-Ladung, verzichtet wird, wird der Transportcontainer zum Fahrerhaus hin konisch erweitert, dort mit einem großflächigen Verschluß und heckseitig mit Einhängemitteln wie Haken, Ösen etc. versehen, um nach dem Absetzen nach vorn entleert zu werden.

These tasks are solved by the following measures:

A) The dumping device or parts of the rear are articulated and fastened in such a way that they can be subdivided into several parts from the rear part by one or more horizontal axes and have the required space requirement when the rear part is in a (horizontal) underride position. It makes sense that all elements of the rear, including the bed if necessary, are designed so that they remain coupled to each other.

B) The settling container is provided with a roller shutter-type closure, which keeps the container securely closed even when it is parked. Furthermore, it can be opened and closed at any time and in a force-controlled manner by means of actuating devices, which preferably operate hydraulically.

C) The known compaction plate attached in the container is actuated, for example, by means of a cable or chain hoist or a pairing of gear / chain or rack, the drive being arranged in a space encapsulated by the waste. The shield is preferably driven via a shaft located behind the shield or is equipped there with an impeller for the chain. This drive unit is installed protected from the garbage. Your motor or the drive unit can also be attached interchangeably and thus make the deposit container cheap. If there is no compaction label, e.g. for organic waste loading, the transport container is conically extended to the driver's cab, there with a large-area closure and provided on the rear with hanging means such as hooks, eyes, etc., so that it can be emptied to the front after being set down.

Via positive means along the travel path of the Press plate like one on the right and one on the left Chain is achieved by evenly guiding the shield a rigid coupling, for example by means of a shaft Transmission element is installed, which the forces of different shield sides or position guides each for transfers to the other side. Correction of the shield advance can instead of: with chains and gears / transmission shaft for example by guide claws (which are preferred on the Be attached to the top of the storage space and positively - similar to an escapement of a watch - with the press plate work together) with a swivel or swivel Connection cross beam. This override controls the Jacking is also for press labels in non-containerized Garbage trucks advantageous.

The following Figures 1 to 4 show exemplary embodiments:
1a to 1c shows a lifting and tilting device (4) on the rear loading device (3) of a garbage truck (1). The usual fastening rail (9) preferably has on its upper side an axis of rotation or a joint (6 ") about which the entire lifting and tilting device can be rotated. Further axes of rotation for the rear attachment are 6 and 6 '. The fastening rail (9 ) is preferably held in the lower area by automatically snap-in fastening bolts or hooks (10). It is not absolutely necessary to hydraulically lift the dumping device in order to swing it out of its position at the rear of the vehicle (arrow A) since it decouples before the rear loading device is lowered can and is about the upper pivot point (6 ") from the rear wall (11) when lowering below, by moving the vehicle forward or by retracting the lower end of the lifting and tilting device (4) (arrow A) in a can be brought over the vertical spreading position.

The supply lines for hydraulics and electrics are in the Area of the upper axis of rotation (6 ") flexible and relocated to the outward movement (arrow A) of the Can follow pouring device. Uncoupling this Facilities are therefore not required.

In a further embodiment of the invention using a Hydraulics for the folding process (5 ") can actuate the Folding hydraulics by opening the lock (10) up to one Stop (10a) can be switched on automatically (Fig. 1a). This provides the correct operation of the hydraulics for folding down for sure. It can also be folded down using the one attached to the rear Discharge device can be effected by, for example between vehicle rear and bed frame in a known manner a spreading wedge or a cam is insertable, the spreads when the fill is raised.

Since the rear part (3) is often in its upper part to the rear and is open at the top, the axis of rotation (6 ") can also be significantly lower be placed (item arrow B), which shows the maneuverability of the Vehicle folded due to the shorter design Improved device under the storage container.

Fig. 2 shows a further advantageous division of the Loading tails using the example of a two-chamber vehicle with one horizontal partition (13a) divided container (2a, 2b), the rear (3a, 3b) also by a horizontal Partition (13b) is divided into an upper and lower part and thus the filling of different types of waste in a known manner via the rear openings (14a, 14b) with the help of the partition (13c) enables. The clearing blades (15a, 15b) work through the Drive shafts (16a, 16b) located close to the container. The chosen division of the tail thus prepares by its location behind the drive shafts no problems of power flow and enables a further subdivision for driving through the rear part of the garbage truck under the skip container. The Rear section, the rear wall of the rear section, parts thereof or Particularly outstanding parts can be used in this example be pivoted away (axis of rotation 6 "), so that in (approximately) horizontal condition a small height easily driving through allowed under the container. When dividing the tail generally make sure that the power flow in the rear part Operation of the loading and / or pouring device constructively Enough is done. As stated, in addition to the Filling device further parts that interfere with driving underneath like parts of the loading tub of the rear section, the ride for the Garbage workers, lamps, etc. are removed from the critical room.

The attachment of the in the vertical loading position closer to The rear part of the vehicle located in the container can be automatically engaging bolts and similar known means be ensured. To avoid damage during the It can make sense to avoid driving under the skip container be, at least one pivoted part with a roller (Example item 17).

Figures 3a and 3b show a storage container (2) which in Principle regardless of whether it is from the front, from the side or the rear is loaded safely, by means of a Can close roller shutters (51). 3a shows one lower container (2) with loading device (3) and Fig. 3b the Container (2) alone. So that the guide rails (52) are not clutter with garbage at the bottom, it is advantageous to Guide on the roller door side (e.g. guide wheels or bolts) is not to start at the bottom of the roller shutter, but something offset upwards (e.g. 15-20 cm) and the lower ends of the Guide rails in the vehicle longitudinal direction on at least one Side open or let it run out (item 62). They can also Guide wheels or bolts are tapered so that they during the closing movement the garbage to the inside of the container Push out the guide.

The opening (34) of the container (2) is closed by segments (50) of a roller shutter-like closure (51) which are connected to one another via joints (58). These guides can e.g. B. be flexibly covered against the ingress of garbage. The segments are guided laterally in rails (52), which are either fixed to the container or are displaceable or rotatable (for example pivotable about an upper pivot point P). The roller shutter-like container closure can be opened or closed by means of at least one actuator such as hydraulic pistons (53). In a special version, there is the possibility of z. B. manually open and in the case of its articulated storage to limit its originating from the compressed waste outward movement (arrow C) by a stop member (54) (Fig. 3b). At the same time, the closure is easier due to the relaxation of the garbage, possibly manually, z. B. pull up in a known manner on a rope and a crank. It is also possible that the clearing plate (55) (when the garbage must be cleared, the roller door must of course be open) works beyond the vertical to compress the garbage in the container so that the space in the closure area is completely free of garbage. This ensures a clean closure of the container. It is also possible to convey the garbage adjacent to the rolling gate inwards, in particular in the lower end position of the end segment (59), by pivoting this end segment towards the garbage (e.g. by controlling the curve of the segment in the rail (52) or by dividing the segment with a spread actuation (curve control, hydraulics)). In any case, the roller door should be guided closely to the scraper plate in the lower vertical position when closing.
If the garbage is only pressed into the container (here from the rear side) and if it does not have its own compaction label, the container (here towards the front) can be conically expanded in a known manner so that it can be emptied by lifting from the rear side allow.

As is known, the garbage can be removed by means of a grille (55) and a compression device shown as an example in FIG. 4 (Press and clearing plate 21) in the container (2) be pressed. Because of the then existing expansive forces in the Garbage, it is advantageous to open the closure elements (50) not in the container, but over the top (56) of the To lead containers out. So the closure is easy agile, especially if he is agile at the same time (Arrow D) mounted rail (52) is guided.

To prevent the vehicle from jumping open, which is prone to accidents Outward movement of the closure, for example by means of a Limit safety device such as a catch hook (54).

Figures 4a, 4b (with fixed) and 4c (with rotating Chain) show a known press and clearing plate (21) in Container (2) which by a cable or chain hoist (29) for Compaction and clearance of waste in the longitudinal direction of the Containers over a sheltered behind the press plate exemplary drive (22) with drive wheel (30) and Engagement pins or teeth (31) is moved. The Energy is supplied to drive the shield (21) As is known, in a flexible protective device (23) Hydraulic or power lines. Such a construction is advantageous because here the weight saving (in contrast to known hydraulic pistons that are heavy and expensive and Cause problems if they remain on the vehicle and from Containers must be uncoupled) allows a high payload and the parked container becomes quick by coupling one Forcibly drained energy supply while at the systems of today with plungers on the vehicle missing, even when parked, the container is conveniently closed unload.

A particular advantage of the invention is the use of at least one each preferably on the outside of the press shield running form-fitting guidance like a chain drive or a rack, because here a positive guidance along the Displacement of the dozer blade is given, so that it cannot jam laterally as a result of uneven propulsion and the chain is easily replaceable when worn, if the in the chain / rack meshing gears rigid with each other are connected. The chain is advantageous at the side or in the container attached guide profiles (25) and can also be covered against pollution. Position 27 is the container floor, item 28 a known connecting element for Fastening the container to the vehicle.

The chain can also be in a known manner with guide rollers be provided to the wrap angle on the drive sprocket to increase. This leads to a better load distribution Teeth and chain links. Is z. B. with the drive sprocket Provide at least one guide roller (30 ') (sketch 4bl shows a triangular arrangement with two guide rollers 30 '), it is in particularly advantageously possible at the same time that any Dirt particles are pushed out of the chain links.

4c is the drive for the revolving chain exemplary on the vehicle side and will be after the inclusion of the Containers coupled with the chain. It is even possible the drive unit (32), for example, with a known one Quick fastener to be provided so that it is from the container Removed can remain on the vehicle while the container as a cheap storage option for the contained therein Is used.

It is also possible to use a rope drive to press the press plate 4a, b, c to move. The drive can also be in Two parts should be designed so that one part is firmly attached to the vehicle remains and the part remaining in the container in known Way, e.g. B. by means of coupling, stub shaft, plug sleeve, Gear pairing etc. is coupled.

Claims (16)

1. Refuse vehicle consisting of a rear part (3) with a loading device for bringing refuse into the vehicle by known means such as loading bucket(s) and rake blade(s) or housings for these and optionally at least one lift-tilt device (4) for emptying refuse containers, characterised in that parts of the rear (3a, 3b) or at least the lift-tilt device(s) (4) fastened to the rear or their fastening device (9) are connected to one another in an articulated coupled manner, in such a way that they bring about a reduction in the height of the entire rear part in the folded down, virtually horizontal state, the overall height of the rear part being less in the folded out, expanded state than the clearance height of the deposited container.
2. Refuse vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that the lift-tilt device (4) situated at the rear or its fastening rail (9) preferably has a joint or a universal joint shaft (6'') in its upper region, which serves to fold down the lift-tilt device or parts thereof.
3. Refuse vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the rear (3a, b) [sic] or the lift-tilt device (4) is folded down via a power-operated device such as a hydraulic piston (5'') or a torque motor.
4. Refuse vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the fold down part is connected to a locking device with an interlocking or non-positive fit on the remaining loading device, wherein a stop (10a) is provided on the locking device (10) which, in the opened position, triggers the start-up of the power-operated device (5a, 5b, 5', 5'').
5. Refuse vehicle according to one or more of the preceding claims with a container or interchangeable container for vehicles with a pressing or raking blade (21) for collecting and/or storing, preferably domestic refuse or its constituents, characterised in that the blade (21) is moved in the container via a control cable (29) or chain (29') and a drive unit (32).
6. Refuse vehicle according to claim 5, characterised in that the drive unit (32) is located in a housing (33) kept apart from the refuse space or behind the pressing blade (21).
7. Refuse vehicle according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the drive unit (32) is fastened to the pressing blade (21) and moves therewith.
8. Refuse vehicle according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the drive unit (32) with known quick assembly devices (such as a bayonet closure) is attached to the container (2) or pressing blade (21) in a mountable/demountable fashion.
9. Refuse vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the drive unit consists of two units, of which preferably the one with the energy supply is rigidly fitted to the vehicle and the other remains on the container and can be coupled by means of known devices such as a coupler, plug-connection or similar.
10. Refuse vehicle according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that a guide for a pressing blade (21) is provided in the refuse vehicle, in that, to compensate the different feed paths due to the various resistances or friction against the pressing blade (21) along the displacement path on the loading space/container (2), means with interlocking fit such as chains (29) or intake claws are provided located at the side on the right and left, as seen in the direction of travel, in which means with interlocking fit, suitable for this purpose and associated with the pressing blade (21), such as toothed wheels (21) or journals, pins or designs in connection with the pressing blade (21), engage and which means are connected to one another by a transfer element such as a shaft or movably mounted rod.
11. Refuse vehicle according to one or more of the preceding claims with a closure for a container or interchangeable container (2), preferably for collecting and/or storing domestic refuse or its constituents, characterised in that it consists of at least two elements (50) coupled so as to be movable with one another, which close the container (2) in a known manner by hand or power drive.
12. Refuse vehicle according to claim 11, characterised in that it is guided laterally in rails (52), which are movable in the direction of the expanding refuse (arrow C) or counter thereto.
13. Refuse vehicle according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the mobility of the guide rail (52) is limited by a stop or a blocking element (54).
14. Refuse vehicle according to at least one of claims 11 to 13, characterised in that closure elements (50) for opening the container (2) are extended over the upper wall (56) of the container (2).
15. Refuse vehicle according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the closure elements (50) have a hydraulic drive (52) and/or hand drive.
16. Refuse vehicle according to at least one of claims 11 to 15, characterised in that at least the lower closure element or parts thereof carries out a movement in the intake direction.

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