EP0920983B1 - Press pad - Google Patents

Press pad Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0920983B1
EP0920983B1 EP98120719A EP98120719A EP0920983B1 EP 0920983 B1 EP0920983 B1 EP 0920983B1 EP 98120719 A EP98120719 A EP 98120719A EP 98120719 A EP98120719 A EP 98120719A EP 0920983 B1 EP0920983 B1 EP 0920983B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
press pad
pad according
yarns
threads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98120719A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0920983A1 (en
Inventor
Walter Halterbeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heimbach GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Thomas Josef Heimbach and Co GmbH
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Publication of EP0920983A1 publication Critical patent/EP0920983A1/en
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Publication of EP0920983B1 publication Critical patent/EP0920983B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/06—Platens or press rams
    • B30B15/061—Cushion plates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a press pad for use in laminating presses with a fabric which has a first group of parallel threads and a second group of parallel threads crossing the threads of the first group, the threads of the first group being made of metal or having a metal content, and wherein the threads of the second group consist of or have a proportion of rubber-elastic material, and wherein the threads of the first group crank around the threads of the second group.
  • layer materials for example decorative chipboard coatings
  • laminating presses which can be designed as low or high pressure floor presses or short cycle presses.
  • Press pads are used which have the task of transferring the pressure over the entire surface and evenly to the material to be pressed.
  • the press pads must be able to withstand high pressures and also the temperatures present in such presses, and they must be able to transfer the heat emanating from the press plates to the material to be pressed quickly and without major losses, i.e. to have a high thermal conductivity in this direction.
  • Press cushions are known in the prior art which consist of a fabric which comprises two types of threads (EP 0 493 630 A1).
  • the threads are made of metal or have a metal component in order to improve the heat transfer to the material to be pressed.
  • Various proposals are made for the second group of threads, for example threads made of aromatic polyamide (EP 0 493 630 A1), made of silicone elastomer (DE 295 18 204 U1) or made of rubber, heat-resistant plastic monofilament or the like (EP 0 713 762).
  • the invention is therefore primarily based on the task of creating a press cushion with better thermal conductivity. Another task is to improve dimensional stability and to provide a smooth surface.
  • the thread density of the threads of the second group is so great that the threads of the first group pass between them only with compression of the rubber-elastic material of the threads of the second group.
  • the free distance between the threads of the second group in the undeformed state, ie without compression of the rubber-elastic material is less, preferably at least 10% less than the thickness extension of the threads of the first group in one plane, which goes through the longitudinal axis of these threads and extends perpendicular to the plane of the press cushion.
  • the basic idea of the invention is therefore to have a positive influence on the heat transfer by means of a special fabric geometry with a very high thread density in the threads of the second group.
  • the improved heat transfer is achieved in that the threads of the first group are forced to pass very steeply between these threads due to the small distance between the threads of the second group. This results in short heat paths between the two surfaces of the press pad, with the result that the pressing of the material to be heated takes place much faster. This means that much shorter cycle times can be achieved and energy consumption is also lower due to the lower temperature difference.
  • the threads of the first group dig into those of the second group with elastic compression of the rubber-elastic material of these threads, with the result that the threads do not slip against each other.
  • the processing of the fabric, that is the internal wear is kept comparatively low.
  • the dimensional stability in the direction of the threads of the first group is much better, even if the copper material which tends to shrink due to the formation of loops is used as the metal material.
  • the thermal conductivity of which is only a third of that of copper and the material price is significantly higher than that of copper. Since copper can be used on the basis of the fabric structure according to the invention, the thermal conductivity also increases considerably as a result, and this at significantly lower costs.
  • the threads are interwoven in such a way that the threads of the first group do not protrude beyond the plane formed by the outermost points of the threads of the second group, and are even better at a distance from this plane.
  • This design has the advantage that the threads of the first group are protected against abrasion when handling the press cushion.
  • the threads of the first group (metal threads) only come into contact with the adjacent surfaces of the press and the material to be pressed and then ensure good heat conduction when the laminating press is subjected to pressure.
  • the thread density of the threads of the first group is so high that the area coverage is between 50 and 80%, preferably between 60 and 70%. This high thread density also promotes the thermal conductivity and thus the rapid heating of the pressed material.
  • the threads have a weave with an even distribution of the cranks of the threads of the first group.
  • the number of cranks of the threads of the first group should be on each side of the fabric are between 20 and 30 per cm 2 . This high density of the cranks also ensures good heat transfer across the surface.
  • the rubber-elastic material has a Shore A hardness of 60 to 75. This hardness favors the storage of the threads of the first group and thus a firm tissue bond. In addition, the residual compressibility with this hardness is maintained for a long time.
  • All materials which have rubber-elastic properties and which are able to withstand the temperatures in the presses are suitable for the rubber-elastic material. Silicone elastomers are particularly suitable. A foamed rubber-elastic material is recommended, preferably with a specific weight of 0.3 to 0.5 g / cm 3 .
  • such metal materials should be used that have a high thermal conductivity.
  • copper or strength-modified copper alloys are particularly suitable for this. Due to the firm weave, the tendency of copper threads to shrink is counteracted, so that despite the use of this problematic material, no significant shrinkage could be determined. In this way, the high thermal conductivity and the low price of this material can be used for the press pad according to the invention.
  • the use of non-annealed copper (hard copper) is particularly advantageous because it has a high strength. Annealed copper (soft copper) is also an option.
  • threads of the first group have a plastic core thread, which is surrounded by at least one metal wire, and preferably in such a way that the plastic core thread is completely covered by the metal wire or wires.
  • the cover is preferably done by wrapping at least one metal wire, expediently a plurality of metal wires one above the other, or by stranding metal wires.
  • the stranding or wrapping of the metal wire or wires creates, in contrast to twisting, an almost circular thread, which forms a larger contact surface on the top and bottom of the press pad and thus good heat transfer from the press plates to the material to be pressed is achieved.
  • Heat-resistant plastics for example aramids, or monofilaments made of PPS, PEK, PEEK or the like or glass fiber threads are suitable for the plastic core thread.
  • the invention further provides that threads of the second group are surrounded on the outside with at least one metal wire, and preferably here also such that the threads of the second group are completely covered on the outside with the metal wire or wires.
  • This has the advantage that the threads of the second group also transfer heat promote, but do not lose their cushioning properties due to the proportion of rubber-elastic material.
  • the threads of the second group are also preferably wrapped here by stranding or wrapping.
  • the threads of the second group can consist entirely of rubber-elastic material, for example a silicone elastomer. However, better strength is achieved if these threads have a core thread which is surrounded by an extruded shell made of rubber-elastic material.
  • the core thread can have a central thread, for example made of aramid, glass fibers, metal, etc., around which the metal wires are stranded or wound.
  • the stranded metal wires should be partially S-shaped and partially Z-shaped, this advantageously being done alternately. This effectively prevents the press cushion from "wandering" in the press.
  • the threads of the second group should have a diameter of at least 1 mm, preferably of at least 1.5 mm. They then remain essentially stretched within the fabric and, together with their high thread density in relation to the thickness of the threads of the first group, promote a pronounced cranking of these threads.
  • the threads of the first group should have a diameter of at least 0.15 mm, which can go to 0.3 mm.
  • the press pad 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is designed as a single-layer fabric 2 with longitudinal threads extending in the warp direction - denoted by 3 for example - and transverse threads extending in the weft direction - denoted by 4, for example.
  • the transverse threads 4 are essentially stretched, i.e. they are not significantly pushed out of the press cushion plane by the integration with the longitudinal threads 3, while the longitudinal threads 3 wrap around the transverse threads 4 and thereby form pronounced offsets on the top and bottom, for example, designated 5, 6, which develop during operation under the action of pressure flatten and which are connected between the transverse threads 4 by intermediate sections - designated 7 by way of example. This results in a meandering course of the longitudinal threads 3.
  • a longitudinal thread 3 is shown in more detail in FIG. It has a twisted core thread 8 made of aramid, around which six metal wires - designated 9 by way of example - are twisted according to the type of stranding, in such a way that the core thread 8 is completely enveloped by the metal wires 9. This results in a very closed and relatively smooth surface of the longitudinal thread 3, which ensures good contact with the press plates and the material to be pressed.
  • the longitudinal thread 3 has a diameter of 0.2 mm.
  • the cross thread 4 shown enlarged in FIG. 4 has a core thread 10 of 0.2 mm diameter, which consists of a central thread 11 made of aramid and six metal wires — designated 12, for example — the metal wires 12 being stranded around the central thread 11.
  • the metal wire 12 consists of non-annealed copper (hard copper), whereby a high strength is achieved.
  • the core thread 10 is surrounded by an extruded-on elastomer sleeve 13 made of a silicone elastomer. This results in a diameter for the transverse threads 4 of 1.5 mm.
  • the thread density of the transverse threads 4 is such that the distance between the transverse threads 4 without woven-in longitudinal threads 3, that is to say in the undeformed state, is less than their diameter, that is to say less than 0.2 mm.
  • the longitudinal threads 3 thus dig into the elastic material of the elastomer sleeve 13 of the transverse threads 4. This not only has the advantage that the longitudinal threads 3 cannot shift in the direction of the longitudinal axes of the transverse threads 4, but rather force the longitudinal threads 3 to form steep intermediate sections 7.
  • Figure 6 shows a transverse thread 15 for a press pad, not shown here.
  • the cross thread 15 is suitable to also be used in the press pad 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2. It has an elastomer core 16 made of a silicone elastomer, which - which is not shown in more detail here - surrounds a core thread which is constructed in the same way as in the cross thread 4.
  • Metal wires - designated 17 by way of example - are stranded around the elastomer core 16. After completion of the stranding process, the entire area of the elastomer core 16 is surrounded by the metal wires 17, which thus form a gapless metal sheath.
  • the cross thread 15 is therefore suitable for improving the heat transfer through a press pad manufactured with it, be it as the only metal threads, be it in addition to metal longitudinal threads, or be that the longitudinal threads are also formed in the same way as the transverse threads 15.
  • FIG. 7 shows a transverse thread 18 which can be used as a replacement for or in combination with the transverse thread 15 according to FIG. 6 in a press cushion. It also has an elastomer core 19 made of a silicone elastomer, which — which is not shown in more detail here — surrounds a core thread that is constructed in the same way as in the cross thread 4.
  • a metal wire 20 is wound around the elastomer core 19, specifically in such a way that it surrounds the elastomer core 19 over the entire area and thus a gapless metal sheath is formed. It is expedient that the metal wire 20 is surrounded by another metal wire in the reverse winding direction, so that there is then a two-layer metal sheath. This ensures that a complete covering of the elastomer core 19 is ensured even in bends.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Presses And Accessory Devices Thereof (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The padding (1) for use in a laminate press, to spread the pressure evenly over the material, is a woven material (2) with one group of parallel filaments (3) and a further group of filaments (4) in parallel which intersect the first. The density of the second group of filaments (4) is such that the first group of filaments (3) can only pass between them by compression of the rubber elastic material (13) of the second filaments (4).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Preßpolster für den Einsatz in Laminierpressen mit einem Gewebe, das eine erste Gruppe paralleler Fäden und eine zweite Gruppe paralleler, die Fäden der ersten Gruppe kreuzender Fäden aufweist, wobei die Fäden der ersten Gruppe aus Metall bestehen oder einen Metallanteil haben und wobei die Fäden der zweiten Gruppe aus gummielastischem Material bestehen oder einen Anteil davon haben, und wobei die Fäden der ersten Gruppe um die Fäden der zweiten Gruppe kröpfen.The invention relates to a press pad for use in laminating presses with a fabric which has a first group of parallel threads and a second group of parallel threads crossing the threads of the first group, the threads of the first group being made of metal or having a metal content, and wherein the threads of the second group consist of or have a proportion of rubber-elastic material, and wherein the threads of the first group crank around the threads of the second group.

Die Herstellung von Schichtmaterialien, beispielsweise dekorativen Spanplattenbeschichtungen, erfolgt in Laminierpressen, die als Nieder- oder Hochdrucketagenpressen oder Kurztaktpressen ausgebildet sein können. Dabei werden Preßpolster eingesetzt, die die Aufgabe haben, den Druck vollflächig und gleichmäßig auf das Preßgut zu übertragen. Die Preßpolster müssen hohe Drücke und auch die in solchen Pressen vorhandenen Temperaturen standhalten können, und sie müssen in der Lage sein, die von den Preßplatten ausgehende Wärme schnell und ohne große Verluste auf das Preßgut überzuleiten, also eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit in dieser Richtung zu haben.The production of layer materials, for example decorative chipboard coatings, takes place in laminating presses, which can be designed as low or high pressure floor presses or short cycle presses. Press pads are used which have the task of transferring the pressure over the entire surface and evenly to the material to be pressed. The press pads must be able to withstand high pressures and also the temperatures present in such presses, and they must be able to transfer the heat emanating from the press plates to the material to be pressed quickly and without major losses, i.e. to have a high thermal conductivity in this direction.

Im Stand der Technik sind Preßpolster bekannt, welche aus einem Gewebe bestehen, das zwei Arten von Fäden umfaßt (EP 0 493 630 A1). Bei einer ersten Gruppe bestehen die Fäden aus Metall oder haben einen Metallanteil, um den Wärmeübergang zum Preßgut zu verbessern. Für die zweite Gruppe von Fäden werden verschiedene Vorschläge gemacht, beispielsweise Fäden aus aromatischem Polyamid (EP 0 493 630 A1), aus Siliconelastomer (DE 295 18 204 U1) oder aus Gummi, hitzebeständigem Kunststoffmonofilament oder dergleichen (EP 0 713 762).Press cushions are known in the prior art which consist of a fabric which comprises two types of threads (EP 0 493 630 A1). In a first group, the threads are made of metal or have a metal component in order to improve the heat transfer to the material to be pressed. Various proposals are made for the second group of threads, for example threads made of aromatic polyamide (EP 0 493 630 A1), made of silicone elastomer (DE 295 18 204 U1) or made of rubber, heat-resistant plastic monofilament or the like (EP 0 713 762).

Bei den bekannten Preßpolstern ist der Wärmedurchgang immer noch nicht befriedigend. Der Erfindung liegt somit in erster Linie die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Preßpolster mit einer besseren Wärmeleitfähigkeit zu schaffen. Eine weitere Aufgabe besteht darin, die Maßstabilität zu verbessern und eine glatte Oberfläche bereitzustellen.In the known press pads, the heat transfer is still unsatisfactory. The invention is therefore primarily based on the task of creating a press cushion with better thermal conductivity. Another task is to improve dimensional stability and to provide a smooth surface.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Fadendichte der Fäden der zweiten Gruppe so groß ist, daß die Fäden der ersten Gruppe nur unter Komprimierung des gummielastischen Materials der Fäden der zweiten Gruppe zwischen diesen hindurchgehen. Mit anderen Worten ist nach der Erfindung der freie Abstand zwischen den Fäden der zweiten Gruppe in unverformtem Zustand, d.h. ohne Komprimierung des gummielastischen Materials, geringer, vorzugsweise wenigstens 10 % geringer als die Dickener-streckung der Fäden der ersten Gruppe in einer Ebene, die durch die Längsachse dieser Fäden geht und sich senkrecht zur Ebene des Preßpolsters erstreckt. Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist es somit, durch eine besondere Gewebegeometrie mit sehr hoher Fadendichte bei den Fäden der zweiten Gruppe positiven Einfluß auf den Wärmedurchgang zu nehmen. Der verbesserte Wärmedurchgang wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Fäden der ersten Gruppe aufgrund des geringen Abstands zwischen den Fäden der zweiten Gruppe dazu gezwungen werden, sehr steil zwischen diesen Fäden hindurchzugehen. Hierdurch ergeben sich kurze Wärmewege zwischen den beiden Oberflächen des Preßpolsters mit der Folge, daß die Aufheizung des Preßguts wesentlich schneller vor sich geht. Deswegen lassen sich wesentlich kürzere Taktzeiten erzielen, und auch der Energieverbrauch ist wegen der niedrigeren Temperaturdifferenz geringer.This object is achieved in that the thread density of the threads of the second group is so great that the threads of the first group pass between them only with compression of the rubber-elastic material of the threads of the second group. In other words, according to the invention the free distance between the threads of the second group in the undeformed state, ie without compression of the rubber-elastic material, is less, preferably at least 10% less than the thickness extension of the threads of the first group in one plane, which goes through the longitudinal axis of these threads and extends perpendicular to the plane of the press cushion. The basic idea of the invention is therefore to have a positive influence on the heat transfer by means of a special fabric geometry with a very high thread density in the threads of the second group. The improved heat transfer is achieved in that the threads of the first group are forced to pass very steeply between these threads due to the small distance between the threads of the second group. This results in short heat paths between the two surfaces of the press pad, with the result that the pressing of the material to be heated takes place much faster. This means that much shorter cycle times can be achieved and energy consumption is also lower due to the lower temperature difference.

Aufgrund der großen Dichte der Fäden der zweiten Gruppe graben sich die Fäden der ersten Gruppe in die der zweiten Gruppe unter elastischer Komprimierung des gummielastischen Materials dieser Fäden ein mit der Folge, daß ein Verrutschen der Fäden gegeneinander vermieden wird. Hierdurch wird die Abarbeitung des Gewebes, also der innere Verschleiß, vergleichsweise gering gehalten. Hinzu kommt, daß die Maßstabilität in Richtung der Fäden der ersten Gruppe wesentlich besser ist, selbst wenn als Metallwerkstoff das zum Schrumpfen durch Schlingenbildung neigende Kupfer verwendet wird. Bei den bekannten Preßpolstern wird wegen dieser Schrumpfneigung ausschließlich Messing verwendet, dessen Wärmeleitfähigkeit nur ein Drittel desjenigen von Kupfer beträgt und dessen Materialpreis wesentlich höher ist als der des Kupfers. Da aufgrund des erfindungsgemäßen Gewebeaufbaus Kupfer verwendet werden kann, erhöht sich auch hierdurch die Wärmeleitfähigkeit erheblich, und dies zu wesentlich günstigeren Kosten.Because of the high density of the threads of the second group, the threads of the first group dig into those of the second group with elastic compression of the rubber-elastic material of these threads, with the result that the threads do not slip against each other. As a result, the processing of the fabric, that is the internal wear, is kept comparatively low. In addition, the dimensional stability in the direction of the threads of the first group is much better, even if the copper material which tends to shrink due to the formation of loops is used as the metal material. In the known press pads, because of this tendency to shrink, only brass is used, the thermal conductivity of which is only a third of that of copper and the material price is significantly higher than that of copper. Since copper can be used on the basis of the fabric structure according to the invention, the thermal conductivity also increases considerably as a result, and this at significantly lower costs.

In Ausbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Fäden derart verwebt sind, daß die Fäden der ersten Gruppe nicht über die von den äußersten Punkten der Fäden der zweiten Gruppe gebildeten Ebene vorstehen, besser noch Abstand zu dieser Ebene haben. Diese Ausbildung hat den Vorteil, daß die Fäden der ersten Gruppe bei der Handhabung des Preßpolsters gegen Abrieb geschützt sind. Erst bei Druckbeanspruchung in der Laminierpresse bekommen die Fäden der ersten Gruppe (Metallfäden) Kontakt mit den angrenzenden Flächen der Presse und des Preßguts und sorgen dann für eine gute Wärmeleitung.In an embodiment of the invention it is provided that the threads are interwoven in such a way that the threads of the first group do not protrude beyond the plane formed by the outermost points of the threads of the second group, and are even better at a distance from this plane. This design has the advantage that the threads of the first group are protected against abrasion when handling the press cushion. The threads of the first group (metal threads) only come into contact with the adjacent surfaces of the press and the material to be pressed and then ensure good heat conduction when the laminating press is subjected to pressure.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Fadendichte der Fäden der ersten Gruppe so hoch ist, daß die Flächenabdeckung zwischen 50 und 80 %, vorzugsweise zwischen 60 und 70 % liegt. Diese hohe Fadendichte fördert ebenfalls die Wärmeleitfähigkeit und damit die schnelle Erwärmung des Preßgutes.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the thread density of the threads of the first group is so high that the area coverage is between 50 and 80%, preferably between 60 and 70%. This high thread density also promotes the thermal conductivity and thus the rapid heating of the pressed material.

Für eine gleichmäßige Wärmeverteilung ist es darüber hinaus günstig, wenn die Fäden eine Gewebebindung mit gleichmäßiger Verteilung der Kröpfungen der Fäden der ersten Gruppe haben. Dabei sollte die Anzahl der Kröpfungen der Fäden der ersten Gruppe auf jeweils einer Gewebeseite zwischen 20 und 30 pro cm2 liegen. Auch diese hohe Dichte der Kröpfungen sorgt für eine gute und über die Fläche gleichmäßige Wärmeübertragung.For an even heat distribution, it is also favorable if the threads have a weave with an even distribution of the cranks of the threads of the first group. The number of cranks of the threads of the first group should be on each side of the fabric are between 20 and 30 per cm 2 . This high density of the cranks also ensures good heat transfer across the surface.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß das gummielastische Material eine Shore A-Härte von 60 bis 75 hat. Diese Härte begünstigt das Einlagern der Fäden der ersten Gruppe und damit einen festen Gewebeverband. Außerdem bleibt die Restkomprimierbarkeit bei dieser Härte über lange Zeit erhalten.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the rubber-elastic material has a Shore A hardness of 60 to 75. This hardness favors the storage of the threads of the first group and thus a firm tissue bond. In addition, the residual compressibility with this hardness is maintained for a long time.

Für das gummielastische Material kommen alle Materialien in Frage, die gummielastische Eigenschaften haben und die in der Lage sind, den Temperaturen in den Pressen standzuhalten. Besonders eignen sich Siliconelastomere. Empfehlenswert ist ein geschäumtes gummielastisches Material, vorzugsweise mit einem spezifischen Gewicht von 0,3 bis 0,5 g/cm3.All materials which have rubber-elastic properties and which are able to withstand the temperatures in the presses are suitable for the rubber-elastic material. Silicone elastomers are particularly suitable. A foamed rubber-elastic material is recommended, preferably with a specific weight of 0.3 to 0.5 g / cm 3 .

Für die Fäden der ersten Gruppe sollten solche Metallwerkstoffe verwendet werden, die eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit haben. Wie schon oben erwähnt, bieten sich hierfür insbesondere Kupfer oder festigkeitsmodifizierte Kupferlegierungen an. Aufgrund der festen Gewebeeinbindung wird der Neigung von Kupferfäden zum Schrumpfen entgegengewirkt, so daß trotz Verwendung dieses insoweit problematischen Werkstoffs keine nennenswerte Schrumpfung festgestellt werden konnte. Auf diese Weise kann die hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit und der günstige Preis dieses Werkstoffs für das erfindungsgemäße Preßpolster genutzt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung von nicht geglühtem Kupfer (Kupfer-hart), da es eine hohe Festigkeit hat. Aber auch geglühtes Kupfer (Kupfer-weich) kommt in Frage.For the threads of the first group, such metal materials should be used that have a high thermal conductivity. As already mentioned above, copper or strength-modified copper alloys are particularly suitable for this. Due to the firm weave, the tendency of copper threads to shrink is counteracted, so that despite the use of this problematic material, no significant shrinkage could be determined. In this way, the high thermal conductivity and the low price of this material can be used for the press pad according to the invention. The use of non-annealed copper (hard copper) is particularly advantageous because it has a high strength. Annealed copper (soft copper) is also an option.

Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß Fäden der ersten Gruppe einen Kunststoffseelenfaden aufweisen, der von wenigstens einem Metalldraht umgeben ist, und zwar vorzugsweise in der Weise, daß der Kunststoffseelenfaden von dem bzw. den Metalldrähten vollständig abgedeckt wird. Die Abdeckung geschieht dabei vorzugsweise durch Umwickeln wenigstens eines Metalldrahtes, zweckmäßigerweise mehrerer Metalldrähte übereinander, oder durch verseilung von Metall-drähten. Durch die Verseilung bzw. Umwicklung des bzw. der Metalldrähte entsteht im Gegensatz zu einer Verzwirnung ein nahezu kreisrunder Faden, wodurch sich eine größere Anlagefläche an Ober- und Unterseite des Preßpolsters bildet und damit ein guter Wärmeübergang von den Preßplatten zu dem Preßgut erzielt wird. Für den Kunststoffseelenfaden kommen hitzebeständige Kunststoffe, beispielsweise Aramide, oder Monofile aus PPS, PEK, PEEK oder dgl. oder Glasfaserfäden in Frage.According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that threads of the first group have a plastic core thread, which is surrounded by at least one metal wire, and preferably in such a way that the plastic core thread is completely covered by the metal wire or wires. The cover is preferably done by wrapping at least one metal wire, expediently a plurality of metal wires one above the other, or by stranding metal wires. The stranding or wrapping of the metal wire or wires creates, in contrast to twisting, an almost circular thread, which forms a larger contact surface on the top and bottom of the press pad and thus good heat transfer from the press plates to the material to be pressed is achieved. Heat-resistant plastics, for example aramids, or monofilaments made of PPS, PEK, PEEK or the like or glass fiber threads are suitable for the plastic core thread.

Die Erfindung sieht ferner vor, daß Fäden der zweiten Gruppe außenseitig mit wenigstens einem Metalldraht umgeben sind, und zwar auch hier vorzugsweise so, daß die Fäden der zweiten Gruppe außenseitig vollständig mit dem bzw. den Metalldrähten abgedeckt sind. Dies hat den Vorzug, daß auch die Fäden der zweiten Gruppe die Wärmeübertragung fördern, dabei jedoch ihre Polstereigenschaften aufgrund des Anteils an gummielastischem Material nicht verlieren. Die Umhüllung der Fäden der zweiten Gruppe geschieht auch hier vorzugsweise durch Verseilung oder Umwicklung. Innerhalb der Umhüllung durch die Metalldrähte können die Fäden der zweiten Gruppe vollständig aus gummielastischem Material, beispielsweise einem Silicon-elastomer bestehen. Eine bessere Festigkeit wird jedoch dann erreicht, wenn diese Fäden einen Seelenfaden aufweisen, der von einer aufextrudierten Hülle aus gummielastischem Material umgeben ist. Dabei kann der Seelenfaden einen Zentralfaden, z.B. aus Aramid, Glasfasern, Metall etc., aufweisen, um den Metalldrähte verseilt bzw. gewikkelt sind.The invention further provides that threads of the second group are surrounded on the outside with at least one metal wire, and preferably here also such that the threads of the second group are completely covered on the outside with the metal wire or wires. This has the advantage that the threads of the second group also transfer heat promote, but do not lose their cushioning properties due to the proportion of rubber-elastic material. The threads of the second group are also preferably wrapped here by stranding or wrapping. Within the sheath through the metal wires, the threads of the second group can consist entirely of rubber-elastic material, for example a silicone elastomer. However, better strength is achieved if these threads have a core thread which is surrounded by an extruded shell made of rubber-elastic material. The core thread can have a central thread, for example made of aramid, glass fibers, metal, etc., around which the metal wires are stranded or wound.

Die verseilten Metalldrähte sollten teilweise S- und teilweise Z-förmig geschlagen sein, wobei dies zweckmäßigerweise abwechselnd geschieht. Hierdurch kann ein "Wandern" des Preßpolsters in der Presse wirksam vermieden werden.The stranded metal wires should be partially S-shaped and partially Z-shaped, this advantageously being done alternately. This effectively prevents the press cushion from "wandering" in the press.

Um einerseits ein sehr stabiles und steifes, andererseits aber noch hinreichend anpassungsfähiges Preßpolster zu erhalten, sollten die Fäden der zweiten Gruppe einen Durchmesser von wenigstens 1 mm, vorzugsweise von wenigstens 1,5 mm haben. Sie bleiben dann innerhalb des Gewebes im wesentlichen gestreckt, und fördern zusammen mit ihrer im Verhältnis zur Dicke der Fäden der ersten Gruppe hohen Fadendichte eine ausgeprägte Kröpfung dieser Fäden. Dabei sollten die Fäden der ersten Gruppe einen Durchmesser von wenigstens 0,15 mm haben, der bis 0,3 mm gehen kann.In order on the one hand to obtain a very stable and rigid but on the other hand still sufficiently adaptable press pad, the threads of the second group should have a diameter of at least 1 mm, preferably of at least 1.5 mm. They then remain essentially stretched within the fabric and, together with their high thread density in relation to the thickness of the threads of the first group, promote a pronounced cranking of these threads. The threads of the first group should have a diameter of at least 0.15 mm, which can go to 0.3 mm.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher veranschaulicht. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Teil des erfindungsgemäßen Preßpolsters;
Figur 2
einen Querschnitt durch das Preßpolster gemäß Figur 1;
Figur 3
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Längsfadens des Preßpolsters gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2;
Figur 4
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Querfadens des Preßpolsters gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2;
Figur 5
einen Längsschnitt durch das Preßpolster gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 in verpreßtem Zustand und
Figur 6
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines anderen Querfadens für ein Preßpolster.
In the drawing, the invention is illustrated in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:
Figure 1
a longitudinal section through part of the press pad according to the invention;
Figure 2
a cross section through the press pad according to Figure 1;
Figure 3
a perspective view of a longitudinal thread of the press pad according to Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 4
a perspective view of a transverse thread of the press pad according to Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 5
a longitudinal section through the press pad according to Figures 1 and 2 in the pressed state and
Figure 6
a perspective view of another cross thread for a press pad.

Das in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Preßpolster 1 ist als einlagiges Gewebe 2 mit sich in Kettrichtung erstrekkenden Längsfäden - beispielhaft mit 3 bezeichnet - und sich in Schußrichtung erstreckenden Querfäden - beispielhaft mit 4 bezeichnet - ausgebildet. Dabei verlaufen die Querfäden 4 im wesentlichen gestreckt, d.h. sie werden durch die Einbindung mit den Längsfäden 3 nicht wesentlich aus der Preßpolsterebene herausgedrückt, während sich die Längsfäden 3 um die Querfäden 4 herumlegen und dabei an Ober- und Unterseite ausgeprägte Kröpfungen-beispielhaft mit 5, 6 bezeichnet bilden, welche sich im Betrieb unter Druckeinwirkung abflachen und die zwischen den Querfäden 4 durch Zwischenabschnitte - beispielhaft mit 7 bezeichnet - verbunden sind. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich ein mäanderförmiger Verlauf der Längsfäden 3.The press pad 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is designed as a single-layer fabric 2 with longitudinal threads extending in the warp direction - denoted by 3 for example - and transverse threads extending in the weft direction - denoted by 4, for example. The transverse threads 4 are essentially stretched, i.e. they are not significantly pushed out of the press cushion plane by the integration with the longitudinal threads 3, while the longitudinal threads 3 wrap around the transverse threads 4 and thereby form pronounced offsets on the top and bottom, for example, designated 5, 6, which develop during operation under the action of pressure flatten and which are connected between the transverse threads 4 by intermediate sections - designated 7 by way of example. This results in a meandering course of the longitudinal threads 3.

In Figur 3 ist eine Längsfaden 3 detaillierter dargestellt. Er weist einen gezwirnten Seelenfaden 8 aus Aramid auf, um den sechs Metalldrähte - beispielhaft mit 9 bezeichnet - nach Verseilungsart geschlagen sind, und zwar derart, daß der Seelenfaden 8 vollständig von den Metalldrähten 9 eingehüllt wird. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine sehr geschlossene und relativ glatte Oberfläche des Längsfadens 3, welche für einen guten Kontakt zu den Preßplatten und zum Preßgut sorgt. Der Längsfaden 3 hat einen Durchmesser von 0,2 mm.A longitudinal thread 3 is shown in more detail in FIG. It has a twisted core thread 8 made of aramid, around which six metal wires - designated 9 by way of example - are twisted according to the type of stranding, in such a way that the core thread 8 is completely enveloped by the metal wires 9. This results in a very closed and relatively smooth surface of the longitudinal thread 3, which ensures good contact with the press plates and the material to be pressed. The longitudinal thread 3 has a diameter of 0.2 mm.

Der in Figur 4 vergrößert dargestellte Querfaden 4 hat einen Seelenfaden 10 von 0,2 mm Durchmesser, der aus einem Zentralfaden 11 aus Aramid und sechs Metalldrähten-beispielhaft mit 12 bezeichnet - besteht, wobei die Metalldrähte 12 um den Zentralfaden 11 verseilt sind. Der Metalldraht 12 besteht aus nicht geglühtem Kupfer (Kupfer-hart), wodurch eine hohe Festigkeit erreicht wird. Der Seelenfaden 10 ist von einer auf-extrudierten Elastomerhülle 13 aus einem Siliconelastomer umgeben. Hierdurch ergibt sich ein Durchmesser für die Querfäden 4 von 1,5 mm.The cross thread 4 shown enlarged in FIG. 4 has a core thread 10 of 0.2 mm diameter, which consists of a central thread 11 made of aramid and six metal wires — designated 12, for example — the metal wires 12 being stranded around the central thread 11. The metal wire 12 consists of non-annealed copper (hard copper), whereby a high strength is achieved. The core thread 10 is surrounded by an extruded-on elastomer sleeve 13 made of a silicone elastomer. This results in a diameter for the transverse threads 4 of 1.5 mm.

Wie in Figur 1 zu erkennen ist, ist die Fadendichte der Querfäden 4 so bemessen, daß der Abstand der Querfäden 4 ohne eingewebte Längsfäden 3, also in unverformtem Zustand geringer ist als deren Durchmesser, also geringer als 0,2 mm. Die Längsfäden 3 graben sich somit in das elastische Material der Elastomerhülle 13 der Querfäden 4 ein. Dies hat nicht nur den Vorzug, daß sich die Längsfäden 3 nicht in Richtung der Längsachsen der Querfäden 4 verlagern können, sondern zwingen die Längsfäden 3 zur Ausbildung von steil verlaufenden Zwischenabschnitten 7.As can be seen in Figure 1, the thread density of the transverse threads 4 is such that the distance between the transverse threads 4 without woven-in longitudinal threads 3, that is to say in the undeformed state, is less than their diameter, that is to say less than 0.2 mm. The longitudinal threads 3 thus dig into the elastic material of the elastomer sleeve 13 of the transverse threads 4. This not only has the advantage that the longitudinal threads 3 cannot shift in the direction of the longitudinal axes of the transverse threads 4, but rather force the longitudinal threads 3 to form steep intermediate sections 7.

Aus Figur 2 - wie auch aus den Figuren 1 und 5 - ist zu erkennen, daß sich die Längsfäden 3 auch im Bereich ihrer Kröpfungen 5, 6 stark in das Material der Elastomerhülle 13 eingraben, so daß sie in nicht verpreßtem Zustand nicht über die von den äußeren Punkten der Querfäden 4 gebildete Ebene 14 vorstehen, vielmehr sogar Abstand zu dieser Ebene 14 haben. Erst unter verpreßdruck erhalten sie Kontakt zu den Preßplatten bzw. dem Preßgut.From Figure 2 - as well as from Figures 1 and 5 - it can be seen that the longitudinal threads 3 dig deep into the material of the elastomer sheath 13 in the region of their cranks 5, 6, so that they do not have in the compressed state over the of protrude the outer points of the transverse threads 4 formed plane 14, rather even distance to of this level 14. They are only in contact with the press plates or the material to be pressed under compression pressure.

Die Verformung des Preßpolsters 1 unter Verpreßdruck läßt sich Figur 5 entnehmen. Es ist zu sehen, daß die Kröpfungen 5, 6 der Längsfäden 3 flachgedrückt sind, so daß sich langgestreckte Wärmeübergangsflächen ergeben. Die Zwischenabschnitte 7 sind so verformt, daß sie nahezu senkrecht zwischen den Querfäden 4 verlaufen, so daß sich kurze Wärmeübertragungsstrecken von der einen zur anderen Seite des Preßpolsters 1 ergeben. Beides sorgt für eine schnelle Übertragung der Wärme von den Heizplatten auf das Preßgut.The deformation of the press pad 1 under compression pressure can be seen in Figure 5. It can be seen that the cranks 5, 6 of the longitudinal threads 3 are flattened, so that elongated heat transfer surfaces result. The intermediate sections 7 are deformed so that they run almost perpendicularly between the transverse threads 4, so that short heat transfer distances from one side to the other of the press cushion 1 result. Both ensure rapid heat transfer from the heating plates to the pressed material.

Figur 6 zeigt einen Querfaden 15 für ein hier nicht näher dargestelltes Preßpolster. Der Querfaden 15 ist geeignet, auch in dem Preßpolster 1 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 Anwendung zu finden. Er hat einen Elastomerkern 16 aus einem Silicon-elastomer, der - was hier nicht näher dargestellt ist - einen Seelenfaden umgibt, der in gleicher Weise aufgebaut ist wie bei dem Querfaden 4.Figure 6 shows a transverse thread 15 for a press pad, not shown here. The cross thread 15 is suitable to also be used in the press pad 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2. It has an elastomer core 16 made of a silicone elastomer, which - which is not shown in more detail here - surrounds a core thread which is constructed in the same way as in the cross thread 4.

Um den Elastomerkern 16 sind Metalldrähte - beispielhaft mit 17 bezeichnet - verseilt. Nach Abschluß des Verseilungsvorgangs ist der Elastomerkern 16 vollflächig von den Metall-drähten 17 umgeben, die damit eine lückenlose Metallumhüllung bilden. Der Querfaden 15 ist deshalb zur Verbesserung des Wärmedurchgangs durch ein damit hergestelltes Preßpolster geeignet, sei es als einzige Metallfäden, sei es zusätzlich zu Metallängsfäden, sei es, daß auch die Längsfäden in gleicher Weise ausgebildet sind wie die Querfäden 15.Metal wires - designated 17 by way of example - are stranded around the elastomer core 16. After completion of the stranding process, the entire area of the elastomer core 16 is surrounded by the metal wires 17, which thus form a gapless metal sheath. The cross thread 15 is therefore suitable for improving the heat transfer through a press pad manufactured with it, be it as the only metal threads, be it in addition to metal longitudinal threads, or be that the longitudinal threads are also formed in the same way as the transverse threads 15.

Figur 7 zeigt einen Querfaden 18, der als Ersatz für oder in Kombination mit dem Querfaden 15 gemäß Figur 6 in einem Preßpolster Verwendung finden kann. Er hat ebenfalls einen Elastomerkern 19 aus einem Siliconelastomer, der-was hier nicht näher dargestellt ist - einen Seelenfaden umgibt, der in gleicher Weise aufgebaut ist wie bei dem Querfaden 4.FIG. 7 shows a transverse thread 18 which can be used as a replacement for or in combination with the transverse thread 15 according to FIG. 6 in a press cushion. It also has an elastomer core 19 made of a silicone elastomer, which — which is not shown in more detail here — surrounds a core thread that is constructed in the same way as in the cross thread 4.

Um den Elastomerkern 19 ist eine Metalldraht 20 gewikkelt, und zwar derart, daß er den Elastomerkern 19 vollflächig umgibt und damit eine lückenlose Metallumhüllung gebildet wird. Es ist zweckmäßig, daß der Metalldraht 20 von einem weiteren Metalldraht in umgekehrter Wickelrichtung umgeben wird, so daß sich dann eine zweilagige Metallumhüllung ergibt. Dies stellt sicher, daß auch in Biegungen eine vollständige Umhüllung des Elastomerkerns 19 gewährleistet ist.A metal wire 20 is wound around the elastomer core 19, specifically in such a way that it surrounds the elastomer core 19 over the entire area and thus a gapless metal sheath is formed. It is expedient that the metal wire 20 is surrounded by another metal wire in the reverse winding direction, so that there is then a two-layer metal sheath. This ensures that a complete covering of the elastomer core 19 is ensured even in bends.

Claims (26)

  1. A press pad (1) for use in laminating presses, comprising a textile fabric (2) having a first group of parallel yarns (3) and a second group of parallel yarns (4, 15) which cross the yarns (3) of the first group, the yarns (3) of the first group consisting of metal or having a proportion of metal and the yarns (4, 15) of the second group consisting of rubber-elastic material (13) or having a proportion thereof and the yarns (3) of the first group crimping around the yams (4, 15) of the second group, characterised in that the density of the yams (4, 15) of the second group is so great that the yams (3) of the first group pass between them only by compressing the rubber-elastic material (13) of the threads (4, 15) of the second group.
  2. A press pad according to Claim 1, characterised in that the free distance between the yarns (4, 15) of the second group in the undeformed state is at least 10% less than the thickness of the threads (3) of the first group in a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of said threads (3) and extending perpendicularly to the plane of the press pad (1).
  3. A press pad according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the yarns (3, 4, 15) are interwoven in such a way that the yarns (3) of the first group do not project above the plane (14) formed by the outermost points of the yarns (4, 15) of the second group.
  4. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the density of the yarns (3) of the first group is so great that their area coverage is between 50 and 80%, preferably between 60 and 70%.
  5. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the yarns (3, 4, 15) have a weave texture with uniform distribution of the crimps (5, 6) in the yarns (3) of the first group.
  6. A press pad according to Claim 5, characterised in that the number of crimps (5, 6) in the yarns (3) of the first group is between 20 and 30 per cm2 on each side of the fabric.
  7. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the rubber-elastic material has a Shore A hardness of 60 to 75.
  8. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the rubber-elastic material is a silicone elastomer.
  9. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the rubber-elastic material is foamed and has a specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.5 g/cm3.
  10. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the metal is copper or a strength-modified copper alloy.
  11. A press pad according to Claim 10, characterised in that the copper is a non-annealed copper (hard copper).
  12. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that yarns (3) of the first group have a core thread (8) of plastics material which is surrounded by at least one metal wire.
  13. A press pad according to Claim 12, characterised in that the core thread (8) of plastics material is fully covered by the metal wire or wires (9).
  14. A press pad according to Claim 12 or 13, characterised in that metal wires (9) are stranded around the core thread (8) of plastics material.
  15. A press pad according to Claim 12 or 13, characterised in that at least one metal wire is wound around the core thread (8) of plastics material.
  16. A press pad according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterised in that the core thread (8) of plastics material is made of a heat-resistant material such as aramide, PPS, PEK, PEEK or the like.
  17. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that yarns (15) of the second group are surrounded externally by at least one metal wire (17).
  18. A press pad according to Claim 17, characterised in that the exteriors of the yarns (15) of the second group are completely covered by the metal wire or wires (17, 18).
  19. A press pad according to Claim 17 or 18, characterised in that metal wires (17) are externally stranded around the yarns (15) of the second group.
  20. A press pad according to Claim 17 or 18, characterised in that at least one metal wire is wound around the yarns (15) of the second group.
  21. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the yarns (4, 15) of the second group have a core thread (10) which is surrounded by a sheath (13) of rubber-elastic material.
  22. A press pad according to Claim 21, characterised in that the core thread (10) has a central thread (11) around which metal wires (12) are stranded.
  23. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterised in that the metal wires (9) are stranded partially in an "S" configuration and partially in a "Z" configuration.
  24. A press pad according to Claim 23, characterised in that the metal wires (9) are stranded alternately in an "S" and a "Z" configuration.
  25. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterised in that the yarns (4, 15) of the second group have a diameter of at least 1 mm, preferably at least 1.5 mm.
  26. A press pad according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterised in that the yarns (3) of the first group have a diameter of at least 0.15 mm.
EP98120719A 1997-12-05 1998-10-31 Press pad Expired - Lifetime EP0920983B1 (en)

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DE29721495U DE29721495U1 (en) 1997-12-05 1997-12-05 Press pad
DE29721495U 1997-12-05

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CZ (1) CZ294633B6 (en)
DE (2) DE29721495U1 (en)
DK (1) DK0920983T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2203869T3 (en)
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DE202010001226U1 (en) * 2010-01-20 2011-05-26 Helmbach GmbH & Co. KG, 52353 press pad
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DE59809559D1 (en) 2003-10-16
PL188168B1 (en) 2004-12-31
PL330109A1 (en) 1999-06-07
ATE249334T1 (en) 2003-09-15
HU9802776D0 (en) 1999-01-28
HU219898B (en) 2001-08-28
EP0920983A1 (en) 1999-06-09
DK0920983T3 (en) 2004-01-26
SK284583B6 (en) 2005-07-01
CZ382198A3 (en) 1999-06-16
CZ294633B6 (en) 2005-02-16
ES2203869T3 (en) 2004-04-16
HUP9802776A1 (en) 1999-07-28
PT920983E (en) 2004-01-30
DE29721495U1 (en) 1998-02-19
SK166898A3 (en) 1999-07-12

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