EP0532468B1 - Electrical heating element - Google Patents

Electrical heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0532468B1
EP0532468B1 EP92810687A EP92810687A EP0532468B1 EP 0532468 B1 EP0532468 B1 EP 0532468B1 EP 92810687 A EP92810687 A EP 92810687A EP 92810687 A EP92810687 A EP 92810687A EP 0532468 B1 EP0532468 B1 EP 0532468B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wires
current supply
heating element
meshwear
textile
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EP92810687A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0532468A1 (en
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TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH
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TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
    • D04B1/12—Patterned fabrics or articles characterised by thread material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H05B3/345—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles knitted fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical heating element, in particular an areal electrical heating element, as can be used, for example, for seat heating in vehicles, in heating pads, heating blankets, heatable clothing, etc.
  • Such flexible and usually also flexible heating elements are already known. They generally consist of a flat sheath made of textile material or plastic, in which there is usually an electrical heating wire inserted in a zigzag or meandering shape, which can also be designed as a thin, flat band.
  • the U.S. 3,472,289 shows a heating textile in FIG. 11, in which heating threads are intermeshed as warp threads in the carrier material. The ends of the resistance conductors must be subsequently connected with a power supply wire.
  • Fig. 12 shows a similar arrangement in which the resistance wires are interwoven as weft threads.
  • the parallel resistance wires must be connected to each other later by power supply wires arranged in the edge area. This involves an additional work step and therefore additional costs.
  • the post-published EP-A-463 516 shows in FIG. 4 a warp knitted fabric in which the heating conductors are concatenated in parallel with a carrier textile material. Weft threads are inserted into the knitted fabric at defined intervals, which serve as power supply wires. The application of this technique is limited to knitted fabrics.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the known areal heating elements and to create a novel, universally usable and easy to produce electric heating element and to specify methods for its production.
  • the invention is therefore based on the idea of integrating the heat-emitting wires of an electrical resistance heating device into a flexible, stretchable and drapable knitted fabric.
  • the basic structure of the heating element according to the invention is such that at least two resistance wires are essentially parallel to one another and have electrical contact with at least two power supply wires, the resistance wires and the power supply wires of course not being allowed to have contact with each other.
  • the wires can be inserted as weft or warp threads or both during the manufacture of the knitted fabric. Incorporation can also be considered as a replacement for the stitch yarn or as a follower of the stitch yarn. If the connection is perpendicular to the direction of knitting, ie of stitches lying one above the other, one wire can be worked in using inlay technique. The wire can also be present as a slightly twisted component of a knitting yarn.
  • the construction of the knitted fabric of the heating element can be of any type, e.g. right-right, right-left, left-left, double stitches, etc. You can also work with a looped stitch to achieve reinforcement; this is particularly interesting for the power supply wires.
  • the known mesh techniques make it possible to achieve any shape of the heating surface. Even power semiconductors arranged in a semi-circle are possible. By grading the spacing of the power supply wires and / or by changing the density of the resistance wires or choosing wires of different thicknesses, the most diverse heating outputs are possible over the surface.
  • the necessary contact security between power supply and resistance wires is quite and safely given by the tight mesh binding of the textile fabric, as tests have shown. It is expedient to protect the heating element according to the invention against corrosion and moisture, at least at the crossing points, ie connecting points of the power supply and resistance wires, where there is also the risk of local elements being formed.
  • the wires can be provided with a corrosion-resistant but electrically conductive coating, for example made of a polymer that is made conductive with graphite, EC-soot or germanium, or from a self-conductive amide-imide polymer.
  • the finished heating element is preferably impregnated in a corrosion-resistant and moisture-resistant manner, at least in the area of the mentioned crossing points, for example with a dispersion of silicone resins or polytetrafluoroethylene, which is then dried. In some cases it is even better to use a silicone prepolymer, to dry the applied solution or dispersion and then to crosslink it thermally and / or catalytically.
  • a silicone prepolymer to dry the applied solution or dispersion and then to crosslink it thermally and / or catalytically.
  • Such protective substances are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the material of the wires can be chosen arbitrarily within the scope of the purpose to be achieved.
  • Possible current supply wires are copper, optionally silver-plated, and resistance wires are those of the known nickel-chromium alloys.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be a flat structure or else three-dimensional, e.g. as a preformed car seat cover. It is also suitable for the appropriate insert in clothing, e.g. Motorcyclist suits, and can be produced in the desired shape.
  • the heating conductors can consist of a resistance wire or other conductive materials and can also be coated or sheathed.
  • the heating conductors also do not have to run "undulating" (see below, Fig. 1).
  • a connection of the heating wire to the contact conductor, ie power supply wire, is not absolutely necessary after each tour. Rather, the heating power can be achieved by incorporating resistance wires of different thicknesses through a variable distance between the Wires and can be varied almost arbitrarily by individual connection with the contact conductor.
  • the e.g. Contact conductors that can be dimensioned in terms of wire thickness or width and material do not necessarily have to run perpendicularly or horizontally to the knitting direction, but can be adapted to the predetermined ideal shape and accordingly run obliquely or in the form of a curve, as already mentioned above.
  • the heating element does not first have to be produced two-dimensionally and then deformed, but can be constructed as a multi-dimensional structure with, if appropriate, variable heating output. This means that the heating output remains exactly reproducible at certain points, since there is no need to change the area in terms of the room shape due to subsequent deformation.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be produced in the desired shape, ie not in the meter. This eliminates the expensive further processing by cutting and sewing.
  • the heating power can be variably designed by the row density of the resistance wire, the appropriate dimensioning of the wires, the row width according to the contact conductor course and of course the binding variant. It is therefore not necessary, as previously, to interrupt one or more resistance wires in order to achieve the desired heating output.
  • the heating element can have two or more areas with heating wires which are connected on one side or not at all by means of power supply wires; this makes it possible in the simplest way to adapt the heating output to any special requests by connecting the power supply wires in series or in parallel.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be produced in the desired three-dimensional shape on the weaving machine and therefore does not have to be thermally deformed after production, it is possible to use any other fiber besides plastic fibers in the working yarns. All technical fibers including coated fibers can also be processed in combination.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be made corrosion-resistant and flame-retardant by plasma treatment and also by conventional treatment, possibly already of the fibers.
  • the heating elements according to the invention can be produced on textile machines, preferably on computer-controlled flat knitting machines.
  • a so-called "two and a half-dimensional" construction with pile thread or spacing structure can also be produced.
  • the knitwear 10 of the heating element is knitted from a yarn 12, which usually consists of a suitable synthetic fiber as a monofilament or staple fiber yarn, also as a microfiber yarn, e.g. Polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, or high temperature resistant fibers like Nomex.
  • a suitable synthetic fiber as a monofilament or staple fiber yarn, also as a microfiber yarn, e.g. Polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, or high temperature resistant fibers like Nomex.
  • the material of the yarn 12 must be selected so that it can withstand the desired temperature of the heating element.
  • Two warp threads 16 are shown as the right power supply wires.
  • the upper heating wires 18 are inserted weft threads, while the lower heating wires 20 are moving wires during knitting.
  • the power supply wires can also be incorporated using the set-up line. Through the subsequent knitted fabric with heating wires, the electricity is discharged again via the final set-up line. So you get a heating element with "horizontal” power supply and “vertical” resistance wires.

Abstract

The electrical heating element is a mesh network and has power supply and resistance wires which are incorporated in the course of production. The heating element is expandable, flexible and pliant and can be used, for example, as a car seat heater or in items of clothing which can be heated. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Heizelement, insbesondere ein flächenhaftes elektrisches Heizelement, wie es beispielsweise für Sitzheizungen in Fahrzeugen, in Heizkissen, Heizdecken, heizbaren Kleidungsstücken usw. einsetzbar ist.The invention relates to an electrical heating element, in particular an areal electrical heating element, as can be used, for example, for seat heating in vehicles, in heating pads, heating blankets, heatable clothing, etc.

Derartige biegsame und meist auch schmiegsame Heizelemente sind bereits bekannt. Sie bestehen im allgemeinen aus einer flachen Hülle aus Textilmaterial oder Kunststoff, in der sich ein meist zickzack- oder mäanderförmig eingelegter elektrischer Heizdraht befindet, der auch als dünnes, flaches Band ausgestaltet sein kann.Such flexible and usually also flexible heating elements are already known. They generally consist of a flat sheath made of textile material or plastic, in which there is usually an electrical heating wire inserted in a zigzag or meandering shape, which can also be designed as a thin, flat band.

Diese bekannten Heizelemente haben, obschon sie biegsam sind, den Nachteil, dass sie sich an unebene oder gar geknickte Unterlagen schlecht anpassen. Sie sind nicht dehnbar. Legt man sie um den Knick der Unterlage, so besteht die Gefahr, dass der Heizdraht bricht. Sie sind meist zu dick für eine nicht auftragende Unterlage, z.B. in Autositzen, und sind relativ teuer in der Herstellung. Ausserdem kann die elektrische Heizleistung nicht von Fall zu Fall geändert werden.These known heating elements, although they are flexible, have the disadvantage that they adapt poorly to uneven or even bent documents. They are not stretchy. If you place it around the kink of the pad, there is a risk that the heating wire breaks. They are usually too thick for a non-bulky surface, e.g. in car seats, and are relatively expensive to manufacture. In addition, the electrical heating output cannot be changed from case to case.

Die U.S. 3,472,289 zeigt in Fig. 11 ein Heiztextil, bei dem Heizfäden als Kettfäden in das Trägermaterial mitvermascht sind. Die Enden der Widerstandsleiter müssen nachträglich mit einem Stromzufuhrdraht verbunden werden. Fig. 12 zeigt eine ähnliche Anordnung, bei der die Widerstandsdrähte als Schußfäden mitvermascht sind. Auch hier müssen die parallel verlaufenden Widerstandsdrähte nachträglich durch im Randbereich angeordnete Stromzufuhrdrähte miteinander verbunden werden. Dies ist mit einem zusätzlichen Arbeitsgang und daher mit zusätzlichen Kosten verbunden.The U.S. 3,472,289 shows a heating textile in FIG. 11, in which heating threads are intermeshed as warp threads in the carrier material. The ends of the resistance conductors must be subsequently connected with a power supply wire. Fig. 12 shows a similar arrangement in which the resistance wires are interwoven as weft threads. Here, too, the parallel resistance wires must be connected to each other later by power supply wires arranged in the edge area. This involves an additional work step and therefore additional costs.

Die nachveröffentlichte EP-A-463 516 zeigt in Fig. 4 eine Kettenwirkware, bei der Heizleiter parallel zueinander laufend mit einem Trägertextilmaterial verkettet sind. In definierten Abständen sind in die Wirkware Schußfäden eingebracht, die als Stromzufuhrdrähte dienen. Die Anwendung dieser Technik ist jedoch auf Wirkware beschränkt.The post-published EP-A-463 516 shows in FIG. 4 a warp knitted fabric in which the heating conductors are concatenated in parallel with a carrier textile material. Weft threads are inserted into the knitted fabric at defined intervals, which serve as power supply wires. The application of this technique is limited to knitted fabrics.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Nachteile der bekannten flächenhaften Heizelemente zu überwinden und ein neuartiges, universell verwendbares und einfach herzustellendes elektrisches Heizelement zu schaffen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung anzugeben.The object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the known areal heating elements and to create a novel, universally usable and easy to produce electric heating element and to specify methods for its production.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das elektrische Heizelement gelöst, wie es im ersten unabhängigen Patentanspruch definiert ist, wobei besondere Ausgestaltungen Gegenstand abhängiger Ansprüche sind. Weiterhin ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des neuen Heizelements im fünften unabhängigen Patentanspruch niedergelegt.This object is achieved by the electrical heating element as defined in the first independent patent claim, special configurations being the subject of dependent claims. Furthermore, a method for Manufacture of the new heating element laid down in the fifth independent claim.

Die Erfindung beruht also auf dem Gedanken, die wärmeabgebenden Drähte einer elektrischen Widerstands-Heizvorrichtung in eine biegsame und dehnbare sowie drapierbare Strickware zu integrieren.The invention is therefore based on the idea of integrating the heat-emitting wires of an electrical resistance heating device into a flexible, stretchable and drapable knitted fabric.

Die Herstellung von Strickwaren ist bekannt und wird hier nicht erneut beschrieben. Die Einarbeitung der Stromzufuhrdrähte und der Widerstandsdrähte kann insbesondere auf Flachstrickmaschinen auf die verschiedenste Art und Weise erfolgen; in der nun folgenden näheren Beschreibung von Beispielen und Ausführungsformen soll, wenn nichts anderes erforderlich ist, kein Unterschied zwischen Stromzuführungs- und Widerstandsdrähten gemacht werden.The manufacture of knitwear is known and will not be described again here. The incorporation of the power supply wires and the resistance wires can be done in a variety of ways, in particular on flat knitting machines; in the following detailed description of examples and embodiments, unless otherwise required, no distinction should be made between power supply and resistance wires.

Die Grundstruktur des erfindungsgemässen Heizelementes ist derart, dass mindestens zwei Widerstandsdrähte im wesentlichen parallel zueinander liegen und mit mindestens zwei Stromzufuhrdrähten elektrischen Kontakt haben, wobei natürlich die Widerstandsdrähte und die Stromzufuhrdrähte unter sich keinen Kontakt haben dürfen.The basic structure of the heating element according to the invention is such that at least two resistance wires are essentially parallel to one another and have electrical contact with at least two power supply wires, the resistance wires and the power supply wires of course not being allowed to have contact with each other.

Die Drähte können bei der Herstellung der Strickware als Schuss- oder Kettfäden oder beides eingelegt werden. Weiter kommt die Einarbeitung als Ersatz des Maschengarnes oder als Mitlauf des Maschengarnes in Betracht. Der eine Draht kann, wenn es sich um die Verbindung senkrecht zur Strickrichtung, d.h. von übereinanderliegenden Maschen handelt, in Intarsientechnik eingearbeitet werden. Auch kann der Draht als leicht verzwirnter Bestandteil eines Maschengarnes vorliegen.The wires can be inserted as weft or warp threads or both during the manufacture of the knitted fabric. Incorporation can also be considered as a replacement for the stitch yarn or as a follower of the stitch yarn. If the connection is perpendicular to the direction of knitting, ie of stitches lying one above the other, one wire can be worked in using inlay technique. The wire can also be present as a slightly twisted component of a knitting yarn.

Die Konstruktion der Strickware des Heizelements kann ganz beliebig sein, z.B. rechts-rechts, rechts-links, links-links, Doppelmaschen usw. Auch kann mit umgehängten Maschen gearbeitet werden, um eine Verstärkung zu erzielen; dies ist insbesondere für die Stromzufuhrdrähte interessant.The construction of the knitted fabric of the heating element can be of any type, e.g. right-right, right-left, left-left, double stitches, etc. You can also work with a looped stitch to achieve reinforcement; this is particularly interesting for the power supply wires.

Die bekannten Maschentechniken gestatten es, eine beliebige Form der Heizfläche zu erzielen. Es sind selbst nahezu halbkreisförmig angeordnete Stromzufuhrdrähte möglich. Durch Abstufungen des Abstandes der Stromzufuhrdrähte und/ oder durch veränderte Dichte der Wiederstandsdrähte bzw. Wahl unterschiedlich dicker Drähte sind über die Fläche die unterschiedlichsten Heizleistungen möglich.The known mesh techniques make it possible to achieve any shape of the heating surface. Even power semiconductors arranged in a semi-circle are possible. By grading the spacing of the power supply wires and / or by changing the density of the resistance wires or choosing wires of different thicknesses, the most diverse heating outputs are possible over the surface.

Die erforderliche Kontaktsicherheit zwischen Stromzufuhr- und Widerstandsdrähten ist durch die feste Maschenbindung des textilen Flächengebildes durchaus und sicher gegeben, wie Versuche gezeigt haben. Dabei ist es günstig, das erfindungsgemässe Heizelement gegen Korrosion und Feuchtigkeit zu schützen, und zwar mindestens an den Kreuzungsstellen, d.h. Verbindungsstellen der Stromzufuhr- und Widerstandsdrähte, wo zudem die Gefahr der Bildung von Lokalelementen besteht. Zu diesem Zweck können die Drähte mit einem korrosionsfesten, aber elektrisch leitfähigen Ueberzug versehen werden, beispielsweise aus einem Polymer, das mit Graphit, EC-Russ oder Germanium leitfähig gemacht ist, oder aus einem selbst leitfähigen Amid-Imid-Polymer. Bevorzugt wird jedoch das fertige Heizelement mindestens im Bereich der genannten Kreuzungsstellen korrosionsfest und feuchtigkeitsresistent imprägniert, etwa mit einer Dispersion von Silikonharzen oder Polytetrafluorethylen, die dann getrocknet wird. In manchen Fällen ist es noch besser, ein Silikonprepolymer einzusetzen, die aufgebrachte Lösung bzw. Dispersion zu trocknen und anschliessend thermisch und/oder katalytisch zu vernetzen. Derartige Schutzsubstanzen sind dem Fachmann bekannt.The necessary contact security between power supply and resistance wires is quite and safely given by the tight mesh binding of the textile fabric, as tests have shown. It is expedient to protect the heating element according to the invention against corrosion and moisture, at least at the crossing points, ie connecting points of the power supply and resistance wires, where there is also the risk of local elements being formed. For this purpose, the wires can be provided with a corrosion-resistant but electrically conductive coating, for example made of a polymer that is made conductive with graphite, EC-soot or germanium, or from a self-conductive amide-imide polymer. However, the finished heating element is preferably impregnated in a corrosion-resistant and moisture-resistant manner, at least in the area of the mentioned crossing points, for example with a dispersion of silicone resins or polytetrafluoroethylene, which is then dried. In some cases it is even better to use a silicone prepolymer, to dry the applied solution or dispersion and then to crosslink it thermally and / or catalytically. Such protective substances are known to the person skilled in the art.

Das Material der Drähte kann im Rahmen des zu erreichenden Zweckes beliebig gewählt werden. Als Stromzufuhrdrähte kommen solche aus Kupfer, gegebenenfalls auch versilbert, und als Widerstandsdrähte solche aus den bekannten Nickel-Chrom-Legierungen in Betracht.The material of the wires can be chosen arbitrarily within the scope of the purpose to be achieved. Possible current supply wires are copper, optionally silver-plated, and resistance wires are those of the known nickel-chromium alloys.

Das erfindungsgemässe Heizelement kann als flaches Gebilde oder aber auch dreidimensional, z.B. als vorgeformter Autositzbezug, hergestellt werden. Es eignet sich zudem für die passende Einlage in Kleidungsstücke, z.B. Motorradfahreranzüge, und kann gleich in der gewünschten Form erzeugt werden.The heating element according to the invention can be a flat structure or else three-dimensional, e.g. as a preformed car seat cover. It is also suitable for the appropriate insert in clothing, e.g. Motorcyclist suits, and can be produced in the desired shape.

Neben den oben beschriebenen "netzartigen" Strickwaren sind alle anderen bekannten Bindungen in Verbindung mit einem Heizleiter bzw. mit Stromzufuhrdrähten anwendbar, auch in Kombination mit Kett- und/oder Schussverstärkung, und sind problemlos produzierbar. Dabei kann es sich, wie es ebenfalls oben bereits erwähnt ist, um eine flächige (zweidimensionale) oder dreidimensionale Struktur handeln. Solche dreidimensionale Strukturen und deren Herstellung sind in der Schweizer Patentanmeldung Nr. 2149/92 vom 8. Juli 1992 WO-A-9 401 607 der Anmelderin beschrieben.In addition to the "net-like" knitwear described above, all other known bindings can be used in conjunction with a heating conductor or with power supply wires, also in combination with warp and / or weft reinforcement, and can be produced without problems. As already mentioned above, this can be a flat (two-dimensional) or three-dimensional structure. Such three-dimensional structures and their production are described in the applicant's Swiss Patent Application No. 2149/92 of July 8, 1992 WO-A-9 401 607.

Die Heizleiter können aus einem Widerstandsdraht oder sonstigen leitenden Materialien bestehen und auch beschichtet oder ummantelt sein. Die Heizleiter müssen auch nicht "wellenförmig" verlaufen (vgl. weiter unten, Fig. 1). Eine Verbindung des Heizdrahtes zum Kontaktleiter, d.h. Stromzufuhrdraht, nach jeder Tour ist nicht zwingend erforderlich. Vielmehr kann die Heizleistung durch Einarbeiten verschieden starker Widerstandsdrähte, duch variablen Abstand der Drähte und durch individuelle Verbindung mit dem Kontaktleiter nahezu beliebig variiert werden.The heating conductors can consist of a resistance wire or other conductive materials and can also be coated or sheathed. The heating conductors also do not have to run "undulating" (see below, Fig. 1). A connection of the heating wire to the contact conductor, ie power supply wire, is not absolutely necessary after each tour. Rather, the heating power can be achieved by incorporating resistance wires of different thicknesses through a variable distance between the Wires and can be varied almost arbitrarily by individual connection with the contact conductor.

Der z.B. in Drahtstärke oder Breite und Material beliebig dimensionierbare Kontaktleiter muss nicht zwingend senkrecht bzw. waagerecht zur Strickrichtung verlaufen, sondern kann der vorgegebenen Idealform angepasst werden und demnach schräg oder in Form einer Kurve verlaufen, wie oben schon erwähnt wurde.The e.g. Contact conductors that can be dimensioned in terms of wire thickness or width and material do not necessarily have to run perpendicularly or horizontally to the knitting direction, but can be adapted to the predetermined ideal shape and accordingly run obliquely or in the form of a curve, as already mentioned above.

Sofern dreidimensionale Heizelemente gewünscht werden, muss das Heizelement nicht erst zweidimensional hergestellt und dann verformt werden, sondern kann als mehrdimensionale Struktur mit gegebenenfalls variabler Heizleistung konstruiert werden. Somit bleibt die Heizleistung auch punktuell exakt reproduzierbar, da eine Flächenveränderung in die Raumform durch nachträgliches Verformen entfällt.If three-dimensional heating elements are desired, the heating element does not first have to be produced two-dimensionally and then deformed, but can be constructed as a multi-dimensional structure with, if appropriate, variable heating output. This means that the heating output remains exactly reproducible at certain points, since there is no need to change the area in terms of the room shape due to subsequent deformation.

Das erfindungsgemässe Heizelement kann in der gewünschten Form, also nicht in Meterware hergestellt werden. Dadurch entfällt die teure Weiterverarbeitung durch Zuschnitt und Näherei.The heating element according to the invention can be produced in the desired shape, ie not in the meter. This eliminates the expensive further processing by cutting and sewing.

Die Heizleistung ist variabel konstruierbar durch Reihendichte des Widerstandsdrahtes, entsprechende Dimensionierung der Drähte, Reihenbreite entsprechend Kontaktleiterverlauf und natürlich auch der Bindungsvariante. Es ist demnach nicht wie bisher nötig, zur Realisierung der gewünschten Heizleistung einen oder mehrere Widerstandsdrähte zu unterbrechen. Das Heizelement kann zwei oder mehrere Bereiche mit Heizdrähten aufweisen, die einseitig oder gar nicht mittels Stromzufuhrdrähten verbunden sind; dadurch wird es möglich, auf einfachste Weise durch Serien- oder Parallelverbindung der Stromzufuhrdrähte die Heizleistung eventuellen Sonderwünschen anzupassen.The heating power can be variably designed by the row density of the resistance wire, the appropriate dimensioning of the wires, the row width according to the contact conductor course and of course the binding variant. It is therefore not necessary, as previously, to interrupt one or more resistance wires in order to achieve the desired heating output. The heating element can have two or more areas with heating wires which are connected on one side or not at all by means of power supply wires; this makes it possible in the simplest way to adapt the heating output to any special requests by connecting the power supply wires in series or in parallel.

Da das erfindungsgemässe Heizelement in der gewünschten dreidimensionalen Form auf der Web-Strick-Maschine hergestellt werden kann und daher nach der Herstellung nicht thermisch verformt werden muss, ist es möglich, in den Arbeitsgarnen ausser Kunststoffasern jede andere beliebige Faser einzusetzen. Es lassen sich also alle technischen Fasern einschliesslich ummantelten Fasern auch in Kombination miteinander verarbeiten.Since the heating element according to the invention can be produced in the desired three-dimensional shape on the weaving machine and therefore does not have to be thermally deformed after production, it is possible to use any other fiber besides plastic fibers in the working yarns. All technical fibers including coated fibers can also be processed in combination.

Das erfindungsgemässe Heizelement kann durch Plasmabehandlung und auch durch klassische Behandlung, eventuell bereits der Fasern, korrosionsfest und schwerentflammbar ausgerüstet werden.The heating element according to the invention can be made corrosion-resistant and flame-retardant by plasma treatment and also by conventional treatment, possibly already of the fibers.

Die erfindungsgemässen Heizelemente können auf Textilmaschinen, vorzugsweise auf rechnergesteuerten Flachstrickmaschinen, hergestellt werden. Neben der flächigen und dreidimensionalen Struktur ist auch eine sogenannte "zweieinhalbdimensionale" Konstruktion mit Polfaden bzw. Abstandsstruktur produzierbar.The heating elements according to the invention can be produced on textile machines, preferably on computer-controlled flat knitting machines. In addition to the flat and three-dimensional structure, a so-called "two and a half-dimensional" construction with pile thread or spacing structure can also be produced.

In der Zeichnung sind zur weiteren Erläuterung des Erfindungsgegenstandes einzelne Möglichkeiten der Einführung von Stromzufuhr- und Widerstandsdrähten in einer Figur schematisch zusammengefasst.To further explain the subject matter of the invention, the drawing schematically summarizes individual possibilities for introducing current supply and resistance wires in one figure.

Die Strickware 10 des Heizelementes ist aus einem Garn 12 gestrickt, das in der Regel aus einer geeigneten Kunstfaser als Monofilament oder Stapelfasergarn, auch als Mikrofasergarn besteht, z.B. Polyester, Polyurethan, Polyamid, oder hochtemperaturfesten Fasern wie Nomex. Selbstverständlich muss das Material des Garnes 12 so gewählt werden, dass es die gewünschte Temperatur des Heizelementes aushält.The knitwear 10 of the heating element is knitted from a yarn 12, which usually consists of a suitable synthetic fiber as a monofilament or staple fiber yarn, also as a microfiber yarn, e.g. Polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, or high temperature resistant fibers like Nomex. Of course, the material of the yarn 12 must be selected so that it can withstand the desired temperature of the heating element.

Die links in der Figur gezeichnete Stromzufuhr mit dem Draht 14, der ein dünner Kupferdraht oder eine Litze sein kann, ist in Intarsientechnik eingearbeitet. Als rechte Stromzufuhrdrähte sind zwei Kettfäden 16 gezeigt. Die oberen Heizdrähte 18 sind eingelegte Schussfäden, während die unteren Heizdrähte 20 beim Stricken mitlaufende Drähte sind.The power supply shown on the left in the figure with the wire 14, which can be a thin copper wire or a strand can, is incorporated in inlaid technology. Two warp threads 16 are shown as the right power supply wires. The upper heating wires 18 are inserted weft threads, while the lower heating wires 20 are moving wires during knitting.

Selbstverständlich tritt eine Dehnbarkeitsminderung des Heizelementes in der betreffenden Richtung ein, wenn Kett- oder Schussdrähte 16 bzw. 18 verwendet werden. Hochdehnbare erfindungsgemässe Heizelemente werden demnach bevorzugt mit Intersiendrähten 14 und vermaschten Heizdrähten 20 erzeugt.Of course, a reduction in the ductility of the heating element in the relevant direction occurs when warp or weft wires 16 or 18 are used. Highly stretchable heating elements according to the invention are therefore preferably produced with interior wires 14 and meshed heating wires 20.

Die Stromzufuhrdrähte können auch mit der set-up-Linie eingearbeitet werden. Durch das anschliessende beliebige Gestrick mit Heizdrähten wird der Strom über die abschliessende set-up-Linie wieder abgeleitet. Man erhält also ein Heizelement mit "waagerechten" Stromzufuhr- und "senkrechten" Widerstandsdrähten.The power supply wires can also be incorporated using the set-up line. Through the subsequent knitted fabric with heating wires, the electricity is discharged again via the final set-up line. So you get a heating element with "horizontal" power supply and "vertical" resistance wires.

Als zusätzliche Möglichkeit der Stricktechnik seien noch Fang und Umhängen erwähnt, und als weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeit der Aufbau von Werkzeugheizungen, Behälterheizungen, Rohrheizungen usw.As an additional possibility of knitting technology, catch and capes should be mentioned, and as a further application possibility the construction of tool heaters, container heaters, pipe heaters etc.

Claims (8)

  1. Electrical heating element consisting of a piece of textile knitwear having at least two conductive current supply wires (14, 16) separated from each other and resistive wires (20) extending between the current supply wires (14, 16), wherein a firm contact-providing connection between the current supply and resistive wires is realized, wherein said current supply wires (14, 16), during the manufacture of the knitted meshwear, are inserted into at least one row of superposed entwined meshes as warp threads, or in parallel into the mesh rows as weft threads or as inlaid work into at least one row each consisting of superposed entwined meshes, and said resistive wires (20) are worked into the meshes (12) of the insulating support textile between said current supply wires (14,16) by means of a finishing blanket or as a substitute of the support textile.
  2. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that said resistive wires and/or said current supply wires are provided with a corrosion and moisture-proof coating.
  3. Heating element according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said resistive wire is worked into the mesh yam as a twisted yarn.
  4. Heating element according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said current supply and resistive wires are worked into a piece of three-dimensional woven-knitted meshwear.
  5. Method for manufacturing an electrical heating element according to one or several of the preceding claims,
    wherein a piece of knitted textile meshwear is manufactured and in addition resistive wires (20) and current supply wires (14, 16) are worked in so that at the junctions a firm contact-providing connection exists between the current supply and the resistive wires,
    said resistive wires (20) being worked into the meshes of said insulating support material (12) of the textile meshwear by means of a finishing blanket or as a substitute of the support textile, and
    said current supply wires (14, 16), during the manufacture of the knitted meshwear, being introduced into the meshwear as warp or weft threads or as inlaid work into at least one row each consisting of superposed entwined meshes.
  6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the current supply and resistive wires (20) and/or the obtained textile meshwear is coated or impregnated in a corrosion-proof and moisture resistant manner, respectively, at least at the crossing points of the current supply and resistive wires (20).
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the manufactured electrical heating element is provided with a water-repellent heat-proof impregnation by treatment with a dispersion or solution of a silicone resin or fluorocarbon resin and subsequent drying.
  8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that a silicone prepolymer suitable to form a network is used and that it is formed into a network during or after drying.
EP92810687A 1991-09-11 1992-09-08 Electrical heating element Expired - Lifetime EP0532468B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2676/91 1991-09-11
CH267691 1991-09-11

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EP0532468B1 true EP0532468B1 (en) 1997-04-16

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EP (1) EP0532468B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE151941T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59208350D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2101825T3 (en)

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DE102005017197A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag Heating unit for heating three dimensional curved surface e.g. pipe, has conductor layer with two contact points, where layer comprises wrinkle free curved contour that corresponds to surface of end carrier
DE102006034860A1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Carl Freudenberg Kg Textile fabrics, methods of manufacture and use
DE102016112585A1 (en) * 2016-07-08 2018-01-11 H. Stoll Ag & Co. Kg Method for producing a knitted fabric with standing thread
DE102017210839A1 (en) * 2017-06-27 2018-12-27 Elringklinger Ag heating system
DE102018111893A1 (en) * 2018-05-17 2019-11-21 Mario Browa Heating textile, its production process and its use
DE102017127319B4 (en) 2017-11-20 2022-07-14 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Denkendorf Knitted product and method for its manufacture

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DE4434956A1 (en) * 1994-09-29 1996-06-05 Putz A U A Gmbh & Co Kg Electrical heating element and method for its production
AT407937B (en) * 1998-02-03 2001-07-25 Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech FLEXIBLE SURFACE HEATING ELEMENT WITH ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING CONTACT AND HEATING LADDERS
DE19820698B4 (en) * 1998-05-11 2007-01-25 Klaus Schneider Heat-giving blanket
LU90377B1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2000-09-26 Iee Sarl Flat heating element
US6160246A (en) * 1999-04-22 2000-12-12 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Method of forming electric heat/warming fabric articles
US6414286B2 (en) * 1999-04-22 2002-07-02 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Electric heating/warming fibrous articles
DE20308113U1 (en) * 2003-05-23 2004-07-01 Activline Gmbh & Co. Kg A method for manufacturing flexible surface heating elements for motor vehicle seats has the usual electrical conducting mat connected to the voltage supply through tubular conductive leads
DE102004038636A1 (en) 2004-07-24 2006-02-16 medi Bayreuth Weihermüller & Voigtmann GmbH & Co. KG Electrically biaxially conductive fabric
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DE102008034815A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-02-04 Cotexx Gmbh Electrical surface heating element is sectionally formed as heating knitted fabric with flexible electrical heat conductor, where loop of heating knitted fabric, forms multiple knitting rows that are interlaced with each other
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005017197A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag Heating unit for heating three dimensional curved surface e.g. pipe, has conductor layer with two contact points, where layer comprises wrinkle free curved contour that corresponds to surface of end carrier
DE102006034860A1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Carl Freudenberg Kg Textile fabrics, methods of manufacture and use
US7759264B2 (en) 2006-07-25 2010-07-20 Carl Freudenberg Kg Textile sheet, method for manufacturing same, and use
DE102016112585A1 (en) * 2016-07-08 2018-01-11 H. Stoll Ag & Co. Kg Method for producing a knitted fabric with standing thread
DE102017210839A1 (en) * 2017-06-27 2018-12-27 Elringklinger Ag heating system
DE102017127319B4 (en) 2017-11-20 2022-07-14 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Denkendorf Knitted product and method for its manufacture
DE102018111893A1 (en) * 2018-05-17 2019-11-21 Mario Browa Heating textile, its production process and its use
DE102018111893B4 (en) 2018-05-17 2019-12-24 Mario Browa Heiztextil, its manufacturing process and its use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0532468A1 (en) 1993-03-17
ES2101825T3 (en) 1997-07-16
ATE151941T1 (en) 1997-05-15
DE59208350D1 (en) 1997-05-22

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