EP0915018B1 - Method of filling and closing bags - Google Patents
Method of filling and closing bags Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0915018B1 EP0915018B1 EP98119260A EP98119260A EP0915018B1 EP 0915018 B1 EP0915018 B1 EP 0915018B1 EP 98119260 A EP98119260 A EP 98119260A EP 98119260 A EP98119260 A EP 98119260A EP 0915018 B1 EP0915018 B1 EP 0915018B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stitching
- sacks
- station
- closing
- clamping components
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000036829 Device dislocation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
- B65B7/02—Closing containers or receptacles deformed by, or taking-up shape, of, contents, e.g. bags, sacks
- B65B7/06—Closing containers or receptacles deformed by, or taking-up shape, of, contents, e.g. bags, sacks by collapsing mouth portion, e.g. to form a single flap
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
- B65B51/04—Applying separate sealing or securing members, e.g. clips
- B65B51/07—Sewing or stitching
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for performing of the method according to the preamble of claim 3.
- the filled sack starts up past a stationary glue head. During the run through the glue station there is no reduction in the transport speed required.
- EP-A-228 541 discloses a device for closing of filled bags known, being on a conveyor belt put down sacks from one along the top of the sack movable sewing device moved by an external drive be sewn up.
- the invention is based on the prior art mentioned at the beginning based on the task in a process known as assuming a sewing of the filled bag without a transfer of the filled bag before sewing on one to enable other transport device.
- the solution according to the invention has the significant advantage that sewing with practically any sewing speed in a carefully aligned position can be done. So far that is in most cases trimming of the upper margin, considered to be indispensable no need for sewing. Instead, it is precisely aligned Seam created with a perfect seam appearance.
- a filling station 11 a processing station 12, e.g. B. for beading and folding, and a Sewing station (13).
- a processing station 12 e.g. B. for beading and folding
- a Sewing station 13
- the transport terminal block pairs 8 or 8 ' For transporting the filled bag 2 to the subsequent stations serves a carriage 4, the transport terminal block pairs 8 or 8 'carries. These transport terminal strips are also transversely to the conveying direction towards or away from each other movable. In addition, they are also in and against moving in the direction of transport.
- the carriage 4 is horizontally displaceable via guide sleeves 5a stored on guide tubes 5.
- the drive of the Carriage 4 takes place via a drive chain 6, which by a drive motor 7 according to the cyclical Movements is driven.
- a drive chain 6 can a corresponding strap can also be provided.
- the sewing station 13 has two parallel guide tubes 15 on which guide sleeves 15a in and against the Have the conveying direction shifted. On the guide sleeves 15a sits the carrier 18 for the sewing head designated 19.
- the sewing head has a drive motor 21 for the Feed dog and for driving the sewing needle on that moves along the axis labeled 22.
- a Supply roll 20 is provided for the upper thread, another Supply roll 20a for the lower thread.
- the carrier 18 is moved by an external drive, which is made a drive motor 17 and a drive chain 16.
- the external drive is designed so that the drive motor 21 of the sewing head 19 driven feed dog Lead over the external drive works, the Advance is approx. 5 - 10%.
- the sewing head 19 is via connecting means, not shown in the longitudinal guide direction compared to that from the guide tubes 15 and guide sleeves 15a formed longitudinal guide elastically stored.
- the opened sack with filling material loaded In the filling station 11, the opened sack with filling material loaded.
- Another sack 2 " is in the sewing station 13. In this station is the sack 2 "by means of the terminal strips 8 ' have been moved, which sit on the sled 4.
- Figure 2 shows that the transport terminal strips 8 'filled Clamping sack below the 3 "fixed terminal strips hold.
- the formation of the seam speed is determined by the Transport speed of the external drive, the drive motor 17 and transport chain 16 exists.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff
des Patentanspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung
des Verfahrens nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 3.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble
of
Bei einem Verfahren und einer Vorrichtung dieser Art (EP 0 293 615 B1) erfolgt das Verschließen entweder in einer Schweißstation oder in einer Klebestation.In a method and a device of this type (EP 0 293 615 B1) is either closed in one Welding station or in a gluing station.
Bei bestimmten Anwendungen ist es erwünscht, das Verschließen durch Nähen vorzunehmen.In certain applications, it is desirable to close by sewing.
Bei der bekannten Vorrichtung läuft der befüllte Sack an einem ortsfest angeordneten Leimkopf vorbei. Beim Durchlauf durch die Leimstation ist keine Reduzierung der Transportgeschwindigkeit erforderlich.In the known device, the filled sack starts up past a stationary glue head. During the run through the glue station there is no reduction in the transport speed required.
Es ist nun nicht einfach möglich, bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung anstelle eines ortsfesten Leimkopfes einen ortsfesten Nähkopf vorzusehen. Bei einer solchen Lösung müßte die Fülleistung der Füllmaschine drastisch reduziert werden, denn die Nähgeschwindigkeit mit einem ortsfest angeordneten Nähkopf ist wesentlich geringer als die Transportgeschwindigkeit zwischen zwei Bearbeitungsstationen.It is not now simply possible with this known device instead of a fixed glue head, a fixed one Provide sewing head. With such a solution, the Filling capacity of the filling machine can be drastically reduced, because the sewing speed with a fixedly arranged Sewing head is much slower than the transport speed between two processing stations.
Es ist ein Verfahren zum Befüllen von Säcken oder Beuteln bekannt, bei dem in einer einzigen Station der Sack vollständig befüllt und gewogen und anschließend im Durchlauf durch eine Nähmaschine gefördert wird, die ortsfest angeordnet ist (DE-AS 1 165 482). Bei diesem bekannten Verfahren ist die Fülleistung schon aufgrund der Tatsache beschränkt, daß der gesamte Füllvorgang in einer einzigen Station erfolgt. Die Fülleistung ist damit einerseits durch die Verweildauer in der einzigen Füllstation begrenzt und andererseits durch die Geschwindigkeit, mit der der befüllte Sack die ortsfeste Nähstation durchläuft.It is a process for filling sacks or bags known, in which in a single station the sack completely filled and weighed and then continuously is conveyed by a sewing machine, which is arranged stationary is (DE-AS 1 165 482). In this known method the filling capacity is limited due to the fact that the entire filling process in a single Station is done. The filling performance is thus on the one hand the time spent in the single filling station is limited and on the other hand by the speed with which the filled Sack passes through the stationary sewing station.
Das sich aus der vergleichsweise geringen Nähgeschwindigkeit und der daraus folgenden Reduzierung der Fülleistung ergebende Problem wird bisher dadurch gelöst, daß vor dem Nähen der befüllte Sack auf ein separates Transportband abgesetzt wird. Bei einer solchen Absenkung auf ein separates Transportband verändert sich notwendigerweise die Position der Sackoberkante, die jedoch für eine sorgfältige Ausrichtung gegenüber dem Nähkopf wesentlich ist.This is due to the comparatively low sewing speed and the consequent reduction in filling capacity resulting problem is solved so far that before Sew the filled sack onto a separate conveyor belt becomes. With such a reduction to a separate one Conveyor belt necessarily changes position the top of the bag, however, for careful alignment compared to the sewing head is essential.
Es muß also bei derartigen Lösungen vor dem Einlaufen in die Nähstation mit ortsfestem Nähkopf zunächst eine entsprechende Ausrichtung erfolgen, um sicherzustellen, daß die Naht an der richtigen Stelle des befüllten Sacks angebracht wird.So it must be in such solutions before entering the sewing station with a fixed sewing head first has a corresponding one Alignment is done to ensure that the seam is placed in the right place on the filled sack becomes.
Zu diesem Zweck wird es beim Stand der Technik in den meisten Fällen als unerläßlich angesehen, vor dem Nähvorgang den oberen freien und zu vernähenden Rand zunächst noch zu besäumen, also abzuschneiden.For this purpose, it is in most of the prior art Cases considered essential before sewing the upper free edge to be sewn at first trimmed, so cut off.
Aus der EP-A-228 541 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Verschließen von gefüllten Säcken bekannt, wobei auf ein Transportband abgestellte Säcke von einer am oberen Bereich des Sacks entlang verfahrbaren, über Fremdantrieb bewegten Nähvorrichtung zugenäht werden.EP-A-228 541 discloses a device for closing of filled bags known, being on a conveyor belt put down sacks from one along the top of the sack movable sewing device moved by an external drive be sewn up.
Ausgehend von dem eingangs genannten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Verfahren der als bekannt vorausgesetzten Art ein Vernähen des befüllten Sacks ohne ein Umsetzen des befüllten Sacks vor dem Benähen auf eine andere Transportvorrichtung zu ermöglichen. The invention is based on the prior art mentioned at the beginning based on the task in a process known as assuming a sewing of the filled bag without a transfer of the filled bag before sewing on one to enable other transport device.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt mit den Merkmalen der Patentansprüche
1 bzw. 3.This object is achieved with the features of the
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung besitzt den maßgeblichen Vorteil, daß das Vernähen mit praktisch beliebiger Nähgeschwindigkeit in einer sorgfälig ausgerichteten Position erfolgen kann. Damit ist das bisher in den meisten Fällen als unerläßlich angesehene Besäumen des oberen Randes vor dem Nähen überflüssig. Statt dessen wird eine exakt ausgerichtete Naht mit einem perfekten Nahtbild erzeugt.The solution according to the invention has the significant advantage that sewing with practically any sewing speed in a carefully aligned position can be done. So far that is in most cases trimming of the upper margin, considered to be indispensable no need for sewing. Instead, it is precisely aligned Seam created with a perfect seam appearance.
Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Preferred embodiments of the invention are in the subclaims described.
Nachstehend wird eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung im einzelnen beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1 -
- eine schematische Seitenansicht auf drei Bearbeitungsstationen,
- Figur 2 -
- eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils II gemäß
Figur 1, - Figur 3 -
- die Ansicht gemäß
Figur 1 mit einem gegenüberFigur 1 nach links verschobenen Transportschlitten und nach links durchgelaufenem Nähkopf, - Figur 4 -
- eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite gemäß Pfeil IV
in
Figur 3.
- Figure 1 -
- a schematic side view of three processing stations,
- Figure 2 -
- 2 shows a view in the direction of arrow II according to FIG. 1,
- Figure 3 -
- 1 with a transport slide shifted to the left compared to FIG. 1 and a sewing head which has passed to the left,
- Figure 4 -
- a view of the end face according to arrow IV in Figure 3.
In der Zeichnung sind drei verschiedene Stationen nebeneinander
dargestellt, nämlich eine Füllstation 11, eine Bearbeitungsstation
12, z. B. zum Sicken und Umfalzen, und eine
Nähstation (13).In the drawing, three different stations are next to each other
shown, namely a
Mit 1 ist die Wäge- und Dosiereinrichtung der Füllstation 11 bezeichnet.With 1 the weighing and dosing device of the filling station Designated 11.
In allen Stationen sind ortsfest angeordnete Klemmleistenpaare
3 bzw. 3' bzw. 3" vorgesehen. Diese Klemmleistenpaare
sind aufeinander zu bzw. auseinander verfahrbar und können
den Sack 2 bzw. 2' bzw. 2" an dessen Oberseite klemmend ergreifen.In all stations there are fixed pairs of
Zum Transport des befüllten Sacks 2 in die Nachfolgestationen
dient ein Schlitten 4, der Transport-Klemmleistenpaare
8 bzw. 8' trägt. Auch diese Transport-Klemmleisten sind
quer zur Förderrichtung aufeinander zu bzw. voneinander weg
bewegbar. Darüber hinaus sind sie auch noch in und entgegen
der Transportrichtung beweglich.For transporting the filled
Der Schlitten 4 ist über Führungshülsen 5a horizontal verschieblich
auf Führungsrohren 5 gelagert. Der Antrieb des
Schlittens 4 erfolgt über eine Antriebskette 6, die von
einem Antriebsmotor 7 entsprechend den taktweise erfolgenden
Bewegungen angetrieben wird. Statt einer Kette 6 kann
auch ein entsprechender Riemen vorgesehen sein.The carriage 4 is horizontally displaceable via
Mit 10 ist das nur teilweise dargestellte Maschinengestell bezeichnet.With 10 is the machine frame shown only partially designated.
Die Nähstation 13 weist zwei parallele Führungsrohre 15
auf, auf denen sich Führungshülsen 15a in und entgegen der
Förderrichtung verschieben lassen. An den Führungshülsen
15a sitzt der Träger 18 für den mit 19 bezeichneten Nähkopf.
Der Nähkopf weist einen Antriebsmotor 21 für den
Transporteur und für das Antreiben der Nähnadel auf, die
sich entlang der mit 22 bezeichneten Achse bewegt. Eine
Vorratsrolle 20 ist für den Oberfaden vorgesehen, eine weitere
Vorratsrolle 20a für den Unterfaden.The
Der Träger 18 wird über einen Fremdantrieb bewegt, der aus
einem Antriebsmotor 17 und einer Antriebskette 16 besteht.
Der Fremdantrieb ist so ausgelegt, daß der vom Antriebsmotor
21 des Nähkopfes 19 angetriebene Transporteur mit einer
Voreilung gegenüber dem Fremdantrieb arbeitet, wobei die
Voreilung ca. 5 - 10 % beträgt.The
Der Nähkopf 19 ist über nicht dargestellte Verbindungsmittel
in Längsführungsrichtung gegenüber der aus den Führungsrohren
15 und Führungshülsen 15a gebildeten Längsführung
elastisch gelagert.The
Die beschriebene Vorrichtung arbeitet wie folgt:The described device works as follows:
In der Füllstation 11 wird der geöffnete Sack mit Füllgut
beschickt.In the
Dies erfolgt in Offenstellung, die durch nicht dargestellte
Greifer erzeugt wird. Nach dem Befüllen fahren die ortsfesten
Klemmleisten 3 zusammen, so daß der befüllte Sack in
der Füllstation 11 allein aufgrund der Klemmkraft gehalten
wird, wie dies in Figur 1 dargestellt ist.This is done in the open position, which is not shown
Gripper is generated. After filling, the stationary
In der Folgestation 12 befindet sich ein weiterer befüllter
Sack 2'. Dieser Sack 2' ist mit Hilfe der Transport-Klemmleisten
8, die am Schlitten 4 sitzen, in seine Position
gemäß Figur 1 gelangt. In dieser Position erfolgt die
Übernahme durch die ortsfesten Klemmleisten 3'.In the
Ein weiterer Sack 2" befindet sich in der Nähstation 13. In
diese Station ist der Sack 2" mittels der Klemmleisten 8'
bewegt worden, die am schlitten 4 sitzen.Another
Figur 2 zeigt, daß die Transport-Klemmleisten 8' den befüllten Sack unterhalb der ortsfesten Klemmleisten 3" klemmend halten.Figure 2 shows that the transport terminal strips 8 'filled Clamping sack below the 3 "fixed terminal strips hold.
Nachdem der Sack 2" in die Nähstation 13 gelangt ist, übernehmen
die Klemmleisten 3" das Halten des befüllten Sacks
in ortsfester Position. Die Transport-Klemmleisten 8" fahren
auseinander und der Schlitten 4 kann bei auseinandergefahrenen
Transport-Klemmleisten 8 bzw. 8' entgegen der Förderrichtung
F in die Position gemäß Figur 3 fahren. Während
des Verfahrens des Schlittens 4 in die Position gemäß Figur
3 bildet der Nähkopf 19 die in Figur 3 sichtbare Naht 23.After the
Die Bildung der Nahtgeschwindigkeit wird bestimmt von der
Transportgeschwindigkeit des Fremdantriebs, der aus Antriebsmotor
17 und Transportkette 16 besteht.The formation of the seam speed is determined by the
Transport speed of the external drive, the
Nach dem Nähvorgang wandert der Nähkopf 19 wieder in seine
aus Figur 1 ersichtliche Position zurück und steht für den
nächsten Nähvorgang zur Verfügung.After the sewing process, the
Claims (11)
- A process for filling and closing sacks (2, 2', 2'') or pouches, in particular made from paper, whereby the sacks (2, 2', 2'') are conveyed one by one in a hanging position from a filling station into following stations (12, 13), and are closed in a closing station (13)
characterised in that
in the closing station (13), the sacks (2, 2', 2'') held there in a fixed, hanging way are stitched by a stitching device (17, 18, 19, 20, 20a, 21, 22) which can be moved parallel to the conveyance direction of the sacks and contrary thereto via a external drive. - A process according to Claim 1
characterised in that
the closing seam (23) is formed with the movement of the stitching device (17, 18, 19, 20, 20a, 21, 22) contrary to the conveyance direction (F). - Apparatus for implementing the process according to Claim 1 or 2 with at least one filling station (11), at least one processing station (12) and a closing station (13), whereby the different stations respectively have pairs of fixed clamping components holding the sacks (2, 2', 2'') at the upper end, and with a transport device working in a periodic manner, whereby this transport device has horizontal-running clamping organs (8, 8', 8'') which grasp the filled sacks (2, 2', 2'') below the fixed clamping components (3, 3', 3'') of the stations and convey them in the hanging position into the following stations,
characterised in that
the closing station (13) has a stitching device (17, 18, 19, 20, 20a, 21, 22) which by means of an external drive (16, 17) and a guide (15, 15a) during the stitching process for the purpose of forming a closing seam (23) can be moved parallel to the transport path of the sacks (2, 2', 2''), and with fixed clamping components (3'') of the closing station (13) produces a closing seam (23) running parallel to the transport path of the sacks (2, 2', 2''). - Apparatus according to Claim 3
characterised in that
the stitching device (17, 18, 19, 20, 20a, 21, 22) for stitching the closing seam (23) is designed opposite to the transport direction of the sacks (2, 2', 2''). - A device according to Claims 3 and 4
characterised in that
the stitching device (17, 18, 19, 20, 20a, 21, 22) for stitching the closing seam (23), during the backward movement of the moveable clamping components (8'), is formed in the previous station (12). - A device according to Claim 3 or Claim 4
characterised in that
the stitching device (17, 18, 19, 20, 20a, 21, 22) for stitching the closing seam (13), after the backward movement of the moveable clamping components (8'), is formed in the previous station (12). - A device according to one or several of the Claims 3 to 6
characterised in that
the clamping components (3, 3', 3'') and / or the clamping organs (8, 8') are clamping strips. - A device according to one or several of the Claims 3 to 7
characterised in that
the transport device for the sacks (2, 2', 2'') is a carriage (4) with clamping components (8, 8') positioned at a distance from the neighbouring stations (11 to 12 / 12 to 13). - A device according to one or several of the Claims 3 to 8
characterised in that
the stitching head (19) is elastically mounted opposite to the longitudinal guide (15,15a) in the longitudinal guide direction. - A device according to one or several of the Claims 3 to 9
characterised in that
the transporter of the stitching head (19) works with advance in relation to the external drive (16, 17). - A device according to Claim 10
characterised in that
the advance amounts to around 5 - 10%.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19749025 | 1997-11-06 | ||
DE19749025A DE19749025A1 (en) | 1997-11-06 | 1997-11-06 | Process for filling and closing bags |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0915018A1 EP0915018A1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
EP0915018B1 true EP0915018B1 (en) | 2000-11-29 |
Family
ID=7847787
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98119260A Expired - Lifetime EP0915018B1 (en) | 1997-11-06 | 1998-10-13 | Method of filling and closing bags |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0915018B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19749025A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104150257A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-11-19 | 厦门市保源塑料制品有限公司 | Full-automatic winding machine |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105109763A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏华安科研仪器有限公司 | Electric tying machine |
CN105346777B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-05-08 | 内黄县昌兴生物机械设备有限公司 | Numerical-control full-automatic bacterium bag strapper |
CN112173275B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-06-17 | 衡阳市潇湘和创农业实业有限公司 | Assemble rose flower sauce continuity closing device |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE426688C (en) * | 1926-03-18 | Union Special Machine Co | Closing device for filled bags | |
DE1165482B (en) * | 1960-08-12 | 1964-03-12 | Buna Chem Werke Veb | Device for holding, closing and conveying bags in a bagging system with weight-based bag filling |
FR2400462A1 (en) * | 1977-08-18 | 1979-03-16 | Est Imprimerie Papeterie | BAGGING MACHINE FOR PULVERULENT PRODUCTS PACKAGING |
DE3615178A1 (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-06-25 | Windmoeller & Hoelscher | DEVICE FOR CLOSING FILLED BAGS |
DE3715702C2 (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1998-04-09 | Icoma Fbs Gmbh Packtechnik | Device for filling and closing gusseted bags |
-
1997
- 1997-11-06 DE DE19749025A patent/DE19749025A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-10-13 EP EP98119260A patent/EP0915018B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-13 DE DE59800362T patent/DE59800362D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104150257A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-11-19 | 厦门市保源塑料制品有限公司 | Full-automatic winding machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19749025A1 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
DE59800362D1 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
EP0915018A1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
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