EP0904460B1 - Heating system for box-type sleepers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a box-type sleeper for points fitted with heating elements (14, 17). The heating system can be accommodated better, in particular the reliability can be increased, by virtue of the fact that the box-type sleeper is closed and has at least one inlet aperture for several heating-element leads (12, 13).

Description

The invention relates to box sleepers in a closed construction for switch devices, in which electrical heating elements are arranged, as by DE-A-43 15 200 known.

For receiving and arranging complete clip locks, latch locks, vertical clamp closures as well as tongue testers and spring rockers for Movable tongues and / or moveable centerpiece tips have been used in recent years increasingly used box or trough sleepers. Through their dedication arise diverse advantages, e.g. a low-lubrication and low-maintenance point setting system less maintenance and the possibility of automatic tamping Box sleepers without destroying the ballast. The availability of the Switch setting systems are significantly increased.

The previously used box sleepers - which for better darning by means Switch tamping machines and improved settlement behavior are the same Box cross-sections such as wooden or concrete sleepers have - to the Reduce production costs, from relatively thin folded sheets to U-profiles formed, on the two flanges of which the upper chords are welded. To the cost to keep consciously low, the entire cross section of the box sleeper is disregarded after the welding process to glow with low stress, which is a brings increased cracking and corrosion.

Furthermore, by bending the approximately 10mm thick Box sleepers the disadvantage that the transitions from horizontal Floor area of the box sleeper a large to their vertical flange areas Have a bending radius. When darning the box sleepers is due to the big ones Bending radii cannot be optimally sealed because the ballast swells upwards. This stuffing problem can be more or less successfully managed on the one hand Hand plugs and on the other hand along the entire length of the box sleeper foot edges encounter welded angles.

To e.g. formation of ice in the box sleepers, which are mostly open at the top prevent in this electrical box threshold heaters - in the form of Heating rods - built-in. A prescribed or defined installation position for the There are no heating elements, so they are available from every installation company or installation team of the state railways different and mostly with major disadvantages in the Box sleepers can be installed. For one, the heat transfer is the Heating rods on the entire box threshold very bad because the heating rod with only two fastening clamps on the - bulged by the ballast and thereby wavy - floor plate is mounted. On the other hand, the heating element cross section is often in a water accumulation area so that premature corrosion and thereby a possible defect, e.g. a short circuit is preprogrammed.

Usually there are no or only a few in the floor area of the box sleepers Water drainage holes are provided so that they are on the uneven floor Form puddles of water that remain until evaporation and especially in Connection with dirt and waste accumulations in the box threshold to one Lead water sump.

Furthermore, after the installation of a tip lock, the mounting clamps of the screw connections for the heating elements often, no longer releasable, so that the Tip closure must be partially or completely disassembled before you get to the Heating rods arrives. The replacement of a defective heating element also takes time far too long, which significantly reduces the availability of the switch.

The invention is based, with a generic box threshold the task the arrangement or accommodation of the box sleeper heating improve, in particular the availability of the switch and operational safety increase.

This object is achieved by the combination of features of claim 1, the box threshold is formed at least with an inlet opening for heating element feed lines in such a way that the heating rod can be replaced through this opening. The entrance opening is located preferably in one of the two longitudinal walls of the box sleeper and is 60 ° in Inclined towards the front wall of the box sleeper. This allows the Heating rod feed lines - there are usually two heating rods for one box threshold - with a relatively small amount of buckling together through the entrance opening in the Introduce box threshold.

It is preferably provided in the invention that at all four ends Box threshold longitudinal sides of the inlet openings are formed. So it is possible, ever on which side and at what distance from the box threshold Electrical connection box is arranged, the supply cable on the shortest route and if necessary, without having to lay them in the ground, one of the four Feed entry openings. A is inserted into the unused entry openings Punch closure lid pressed in by a bow spring arranged on it in the respective entrance opening is held so that no ballast in the plug Box threshold can reach.

The entrance openings are chosen so large that one of the two supply cables Receiving angled cable protection tube, which is preferably made of plastic exists, can be inserted inside the box threshold. With that they are Supply cable on the one hand in the area of the entrance opening and on the other hand outside the box sleeper effectively protected against damage in the area of the ballast.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a is in the interior of the box threshold Cable protection tube arranged. A supply cable becomes that of the selected one Inlet opening on the closest heating element is fed directly while the other supply cables through the inner protective tube to the from the Heating rod removed from the inlet opening.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the cable protection tube Base bars rests and is held by means of clamping springs. The plinths are in the right-angled transition area between the longitudinal wall and the floor of the Box threshold arranged. Are over the entire length of the box threshold Tension springs arranged between two base bars, which are in the sleeper floor trained openings protrude and on a web delimiting the opening of the sleeper floor are fixed. On the one hand, the cable protection tube is through easy to push in between the clamping spring and base bars locked, on the other hand the clamped cable protection tube lies on the baseboards, so that any water on the sleeper floor is not in the Protective tube can penetrate.

Furthermore, end stops are advantageously assigned to the cable protection tube, between which the cable protection tube is embedded immovably axially; thereby a pinching of the cable between the front sides of the box threshold and the Cable protection tube effectively prevented.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the heating elements on a Spacer bar arranged and locked there by means of tension springs. The spacer bar is in the longitudinal axis of the box sleeper on the box sleeper floor arranged; on it lie the two arranged one after the other on one level Heating rods on. The preferably S-shaped tension springs are each on a raised base. The upper clamps overlap the heating rods and fix them on the spacer bar. The lower clamp of the Tension spring protrudes into a turnstile which is also formed in the sleeper floor Opening and is on a web of the raised base and delimiting the opening of the sleeper floor fixed securely.

So that the heating elements when inserted laterally into the pre-assembled tension springs on the one hand cannot be pushed over the spacer bar and on the other others are aligned in the axial direction, the heating rods are several on the Bottom rail assigned stops arranged.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the heating rod heads on a Place the skirting board and fasten it with a spring clip. The Skirting board is between the vertical longitudinal walls of the box threshold on the Box sleeper floor arranged. The heating rod heads are with an overlapping double-lobed clamp or one made of spring steel Band resiliently screwed against the skirting board. Thanks to the resilient screw connection the heating rod heads will be safely grounded if they are no longer intact Heating rod insulation guaranteed. The heating element heads are also on the side Stop assigned to when screwing the double-lobed clamp or Spring band to prevent the heating rod head from slipping.

Due to the increased arrangement of the heating elements or the heating element heads on the Box sleeper floor and the associated full-surface support results on the one hand, good heat transfer to the floor area of the box sleeper. On the other hand, it is possible in connection with the closed up Box threshold, the heating elements used up to now with an individual heating output of Exchange 2x450W for heating elements with a single heating output of 200-300W, which has a very big economic advantage. Furthermore, the Heating elements are not - as is usual with known arrangements - in the water collection area the box threshold, which effectively corrodes the heating rods is prevented.

To prevent water accumulation in the box sleepers from the outset, According to one embodiment of the invention, the sleeper floor is gutter-like trained and provided with at least one water drain opening. Under Channel-like formation of the floor are both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction Floor surfaces inclined towards the water drainage opening that understand the water direct the process to the lowest point. Preferably there are several water drainage openings provided, namely on the one hand in the longitudinal axis of the Box sleeper floor provided for the tension springs of the heating elements anyway Openings exploited and the other in the middle of the sleeper floor drain openings are also formed. This makes it possible that in the Drain any condensation water or rainwater that may occur can and with inclined box sleepers, e.g. an excessive turnout, in No water can accumulate inside. To increase the drainage effect, leave the edges of the water drainage openings bevel.

Figur 1

eine Kastenschwelle mit darin angeordneten Heizstäben, in der Draufsicht dargestellt;

Figur 2

die Kastenschwelle gemäß Fig. 1 mit zwei Eingangsöffnungen für Heizstabzuleitungen, von der Seite her gesehen und im Längsschnitt dargestellt;

Figur 3

als Einzelheit eine Eingangsöffnung der Kastenschwelle gemäß Fig. 2 mit einem Kabelschutzrohr, in der Draufsicht und im Schnitt dargestellt;

Figur 4a

als Einzelheit eine Eingangsöffnung der Kastenschwelle mit einem Verschlußdeckel, in der Draufsicht und im Teillängsschnitt dargestellt;

Figur 4b

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV von Fig. 4a;

Figur 5a

als Einzelheit eine Teilansicht eines Heizstabes gemäß Fig. 1, in der Draufsicht und im Längsschnitt dargestellt;

Figur 5b

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie V-V von Fig. 5a;

Fig. 6a,6b

als Einzelheit die Befestigung eines Heizstabkopfes, in der Draufsicht (Fig. 6a) und in der Vorderansicht (Fig. 6b) dargestellt;

Figur 7a

als Einzelheit eine Teilansicht eines in der Kastenschwelle gemäß Fig. 2 angeordneten Kabelschutzrohres, in der Draufsicht und im Längsschnitt dargestellt; und

Figur 7b

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VII - VII von Fig. 7a.

Further details and advantages of the invention emerge from the claims and the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawings are explained in more detail. Show it:

Figure 1

a box threshold with heating elements arranged therein, shown in plan view;

Figure 2

the box threshold according to Figure 1 with two inlet openings for heating rod leads, seen from the side and shown in longitudinal section.

Figure 3

as a detail, an entrance opening of the box sleeper according to FIG 2 with a cable protection tube, shown in plan view and in section.

Figure 4a

shown as a detail an entrance opening of the box sleeper with a closure cover, in plan view and in partial longitudinal section;

Figure 4b

a section along the line IV-IV of Fig. 4a;

Figure 5a

as a detail, a partial view of a heating element according to FIG 1, shown in plan view and in longitudinal section.

Figure 5b

a section along the line VV of Fig. 5a;

6a, 6b

as a detail, the attachment of a heating rod head, shown in plan view (Fig. 6a) and in front view (Fig. 6b);

Figure 7a

as a detail, a partial view of a cable protection tube arranged in the box sleeper according to FIG. 2, shown in plan view and in longitudinal section; and

Figure 7b

a section along the line VII - VII of Fig. 7a.

FIG. 1 shows a box sleeper 1 cast from spheroidal cast iron. At the four corners 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d of the longitudinal walls 3a, 3b of the box sleeper 1 are each an entrance opening 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d (cf. FIG. 2) are provided for inserting a cable protection tube 5. The Inlet openings 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are each about 60 ° to the two end faces 6a, 6b inclined (cf. FIGS. 2 and 3). This makes it possible for the Cable protection tube 5 in a relatively soft curve in the entrance opening 4a can be inserted and outside the entrance opening 4a in a small distance runs parallel to the longitudinal wall 3a of the box sleeper 1 (see FIG. 3). The in Exemplary embodiment input openings 4b, 4c, 4d are by means of a Cover 7 protected against the ingress of gravel, water and dirt.

The closure cover 7 is formed on its rear side 8 with two spring clips 9a, 9b, which, after the closure cover 7 has been pressed into the inlet openings 4b, 4c, 4d spread apart and apply non-positively to the opening walls 10a, 10b, whereby the lid 7 is held firmly in the inlet openings 4b, 4c, 4d (cf. Figures 4a, 4b). In addition, the closure cover 7 has two fixing pins 11a, 11b, the one axial Displacement of the closure cover 7 in the inlet openings 4b, 4c, 4d prevent.

According to FIG. 1, two heating rod supply cables 12, 13 led. The feed cable 12 becomes the one facing the input opening 4a Heating rod 14 fed directly and connected to the heating rod head 15, while the supply cable 13 by a further threshold floor-side associated with it Cable protection tube 16 up to the heating rod 17 removed from the input opening 4a is passed through where it is connected to the heating rod head 18 there (see Figure 2). The cable protection tube 16 lies on paired base webs 19 on. The base webs 19 are in the range of the right angle between the Longitudinal wall 3a cast to the box sleeper floor 20. As in Figures 7a and 7b is shown, in each case between a pair of base webs 19 in the sleeper floor 20 a molded opening 21 is formed. On the protruding into the opening 21 The web of the sleeper base 20 is the lower bracket 23 of a clamping spring 24 fixed. The upper bracket 25 of the clamping spring 24 places the cable protection tube 16 firmly against the base webs 19. The spread of the top Clamping bracket 25 - when pressing the cable protection tube 16 between the Base webs 19 and the clamping springs 24 - is by one on the sleeper floor 20 cast fin 26 limited. To an axial displacement of the To prevent cable protection tube 16 within the box threshold 1 are Cable protection tube 16 associated end stops 27 and 28 (see. Fig. 1 and 2).

The heating rods 14, 17 shown in Fig. 1 lie on one in the longitudinal axis the box sleeper 1 extending on the box sleeper floor 20 Spacer bar 29 on (see FIG. 5b). The heating rods 14, 17 are three each S-shaped tension springs 30 assigned. The tension springs 30 are on base-like Elevations 31 of the box sleeper floor 20 arranged and a lower U-shaped brackets 32 on one each in a sleeper floor 20 Provided opening 33 protruding web 34 of the sleeper floor 20 and the increase 31 fixed. The upper tensioning bracket 35 of the S-shaped tensioning spring 30 overlap the heating rods 14, 17 and place them over one in the upper one Clamping bracket 35 formed complementary recess 36 against movement the spacer bar 29. To like when inserting the heating rods 14, 17 schematically shown in Figure 5b - a pushing away of the tension spring 30 prevent the lower bracket 32 by means of a in a recess 37 arranged bulge 38 of the base-like elevation 31 fixed. Besides, will a lateral sliding of the tension spring 30 by on the base-like increase 31 designed limiting webs 39, 40 prevented. So that the heating rods 14, 17th when inserted between the spacer bar 29 and the upper bracket 35 not can be pushed laterally beyond the spacer bar 29 are the Heating rods 14, 17 associated with the insertion side 41 stops 42.

As shown in FIGS. 6a, 6b, the heads 15, 18 of the heating rods 14, 17 are located for reasons of corrosion technology as well as the heating rods 14, 17 even across on the sleeper floor 20 cast-on baseboards 43. The heating rod heads 15, 18 are via a spring clip 44 screwed to the skirting 43 on the Skirting board 43 set. So that the heating rod heads 15, 18 when screwing the spring clip 44 by means of the screws 45 and the accompanying Do not push clamps away in the direction of arrow 46, stops 47 are assigned to them. The resilient screw connection of the heating element heads 15, 18 ensures - if one is not more intact insulation - safe grounding of the heating element heads 15, 18 (cf. Fig. 1). The necessary earthing of the box threshold 1 is not carried out here shown grounding cable. For fastening the earth cable, e.g. by means of a Screw / nut combination, is in the longitudinal walls 3a, 3b next to each A bore 48 is provided in the inlet openings 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d (cf. FIGS. 1 and 2).

Both those formed in the longitudinal axis of the sleeper floor 20 Openings 33 as well as those in the middle of the sleeper floor 20 next to the Heating rods 14, 17 introduced openings 49 serve as a water drain. The Box sleeper floor 20 - as shown schematically in Fig. 5a - to the water drainage openings 33, 49 (see also FIG. 1) both in the longitudinal direction (see the arrow 50) as well as in the transverse direction (cf. arrow 51), so that in Drain the condensate or rainwater from the sleeper floor can.

Claims (8)

1. Box sleepers (1) in closed mode of construction for points equipment in which electric heating rods (14, 17) are arranged, characterised in that the box sleepers (11) are constructed with at least one entry opening (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) for heating rod feed lines (12, 13) in such a manner that, via this opening, of two heating rod feed lines (12, 13) guided in a common cable protection tube (5), one heating rod feed line (12) led directly is connectible to a heating rod head (15) of the heating rod (14) facing the entry opening and the other heating rod feed line (13) led through an associated further cable protection tube (16) is connectible to a heating rod head (18) of the heating rod (17) remote from the entry opening, wherein the heating rod heads (15, 18) are fastened to the box sleeper base (20).
2. Box sleeper according to claim 1, characterised in that entry openings (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) are formed at all four ends (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) of the box sleeper longitudinal sides (3a, 3b).
3. Box sleeper according to claims 1 and 2, characterised by a cable protection tube (16) arranged in the interior of the box sleeper (1).
4. Box sleeper according to claim 3, characterised in that the cable protection tube (16) rests on support webs (19) and is held by means of spring clips (24).
5. Box sleeper according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the heating rods (14, 17) are arranged on a spacer strip (29) and locked by tightening springs (30).
6. Box sleeper according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the heating rod feed lines (12, 13) rest by heating rod heads (15, 18) on a support strip (43) and are each fastened by a spring fastener (44).
7. Box sleeper according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the box sleeper base (20) is constructed to be groove-shaped and is provided with at least one water drainage opening (49).
8. Box sleeper according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that lateral abutments (42, 47) are associated with the heating rods (14, 17) and the heating rod heads (15, 18) and end abutments (27, 28) are associated with the cable protection tube (16).

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