EP0898115A1 - Chaudière à lit fluidisé dense externe - Google Patents
Chaudière à lit fluidisé dense externe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0898115A1 EP0898115A1 EP98402063A EP98402063A EP0898115A1 EP 0898115 A1 EP0898115 A1 EP 0898115A1 EP 98402063 A EP98402063 A EP 98402063A EP 98402063 A EP98402063 A EP 98402063A EP 0898115 A1 EP0898115 A1 EP 0898115A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exchanger
- hearth
- heat exchanger
- tubes
- drum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
- F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
- F22B31/003—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions
- F22B31/0038—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions with tubes in the bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
- F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
- F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
- F22B31/0023—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes in the bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
- F22B31/0069—Systems therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a boiler comprising an evaporator immersed in a dense fluidized bed external.
- This heat exchanger commonly takes the form of a bundle of tubes and the circulation of the fluid can be natural or assisted by one or more pumps.
- the height of the fluidized bed is limited by the pressure of fluidization and also by the stability of the fluidization. We admit that this height can hardly exceed 4 meters and, in any case, it does not seem possible to foresee a height greater than 5 meters.
- the speed in these tubes must be suitable to avoid the appearance of DNB ("Departure from Nucleate Boiling" for critical heating) and to also avoid stratified flow, i.e. the appearance of a liquid vapor interface.
- DNB Departure from Nucleate Boiling
- a flow of this type generates phenomena of tube overheating, thermal shock and corrosion.
- the tubes To reach the required speed, the tubes must have a large section and large clearance heights at their ends higher.
- the hot particles are not present in quantity sufficient so that, the vaporization being weak, the speed in the tubes is insufficient and there is a risk appearance of DNB.
- assisted circulation heat exchangers allow overcome the difficulties encountered with exchangers with natural circulation.
- the assistance pumps are expensive and there is a risk of failure, which is detrimental to the availability of the boiler.
- the present invention thus relates to a boiler provided with a dense external fluidized bed of a design simple and very reliable.
- this boiler comprises a hearth with circulating fluidized bed, a gas separation member and solids extracted from this hearth, a dense fluidized bed external between the solids outlet of the separator and the base of the fireplace, this external bed comprising a first heat exchanger in which a fluid circulates coolant to evaporate, and, in addition, the outlet of this first exchanger is connected to a second exchanger thermal placed in the hearth.
- This second heat exchanger increases substantially the speed of circulation in the tubes of the first heat exchanger. So even if this one works in natural circulation, the tubes which make up can be arranged horizontally without risk for installation.
- the first heat exchanger is consisting of a bundle of tubes.
- these tubes are horizontal.
- these tubes are provided with at least one helical groove.
- the second exchanger is an integral part of a wall of the foyer.
- the second heat exchanger is immersed in the hearth.
- the invention is of particular interest when the hearth is a circulating fluidized bed comprising membranes internal welded to the cased walls of this hearth, these membranes being called screen extensions.
- the second heat exchanger is arranged in an extension of this foyer.
- This boiler therefore comprises a hearth 1 in which the combustion of solid particles is maintained.
- This hearth 1 is connected in its upper part to a separation 2 by an extraction pipe 12 which conveys combustion gases and recirculated particles.
- the separation member 2 evacuates the gases in an evacuation pipe 20 taking birth at its top and the particles in a recycling line 23 which opens into a fluidized bed dense external 3.
- This recycling line is generally provided with a siphon and ducts.
- the bed external is provided with a first heat exchanger 3A which here takes the form of a bundle of tubes arranged in coils in vertical planes, so that sections of elongated tubes are horizontal from preference.
- This first exchanger 3A is supplied with fluid coolant to evaporate, for example water, inlet pipe 39.
- the outlet 30 of this exchanger 3 is connected to a second heat exchanger 3B which is at household contact 1.
- a first embodiment of this second exchanger 3B shown in Figures 1 and 2 applies when the wall of the upper body of the hearth is made by a set of vertical pipes 1A secured between them.
- one of these pipes constitutes the second 3B exchanger connected at its lower end to the outlet 30 of the first exchanger 3A.
- the first exchanger 3A has a single outlet.
- the second exchanger 3B is an evaporator arranged at inside this foyer.
- the invention therefore applies to boilers whose 1 cased hearth is provided with a circulating fluidized bed. It is so common to provide at least one screen extension welded on the inside of the hearth wall. This extension screen is itself formed of vertical pipes secured between them.
- the second heat exchanger 3B is constituted by one of the pipes the screen extension which is connected at its end lower than the outlet 30 of the first exchanger 3A.
- the performance of the first 3A exchanger when the tube or tubes which constitute are grooved tubes ("rifled” in English), that is to say that they have on their internal surfaces one or more helical grooves. Indeed, due to centrifugal force, the vapor phase of the emulsion will concentrate towards the inside of the tubes, which repels the appearance of DNB.
- the invention is intended for a first natural circulation exchanger.
- the invention reduces the power of the or assistance pumps and therefore reduce the cost and power consumption accordingly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- un foyer à lit fluidisé circulant dont les parois comprennent des tuyaux verticaux dans lesquels circule une émulsion (phase liquide et phase vapeur) d'eau produite par évaporation de l'eau qui est introduite à la base de ces tuyaux ;
- un organe de séparation, généralement un cyclone, qui récupère en haut du foyer pour les diriger dans deux conduites distinctes les gaz de combustion et les particules de solides fluidisés dans ce foyer ;
- un lit fluidisé dense externe raccordé d'une part à la conduite particules de l'organe de séparation et d'autre part à la base du foyer, ce lit externe comprenant un échangeur thermique qui transmet la chaleur des particules au fluide caloporteur à évaporer qui est souvent de l'eau.
- La figure 1, un schéma d'une chaudière selon l'invention,
- La figure 2, une vue en coupe horizontale d'un premier mode de réalisation,
- La figure 3, une vue en coupe verticale d'un deuxième mode de réalisation, et
- La figure 4, une vue en coupe horizontale d'un troisième mode de réalisation.
Claims (8)
- Chaudière comportant un foyer (1) à lit fluidisé circulant, un organe de séparation (2) des gaz et des solides extraits de ce foyer, un lit fluidisé dense externe (3) entre la sortie solides (23) dudit organe de séparation (2) et la base dudit foyer (1), ce lit externe comprenant un premier échangeur thermique (3A) dans lequel circule un fluide caloporteur à évaporer, caractérisé en ce que la sortie (30) de ce premier échangeur (3A) est raccordée à un deuxième échangeur thermique (3B) placé dans le foyer (1).
- Chaudière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ledit premier échangeur thermique (3A) fonctionne en circulation naturelle.
- Chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit premier échangeur thermique (3A) est constitué d'un faisceau de tubes.
- Chaudière selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que lesdits tubes sont horizontaux.
- Chaudière selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits tubes sont pourvus d'au moins une rainure hélicoïdale.
- Chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit deuxième échangeur (3B) fait partie intégrante d'une paroi dudit foyer (1).
- Chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que ledit deuxième échangeur thermique (3B) est immergé dans ledit foyer (1).
- Chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que ledit deuxième échangeur thermique (3B) est disposé dans une extension d'écran (1B) dudit lit fluidisé circulant.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69810717T DE69810717T3 (de) | 1997-08-18 | 1998-08-14 | Kessel mit externer dichter Wirbelschicht |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9710425A FR2767379B1 (fr) | 1997-08-18 | 1997-08-18 | Chaudiere a lit fluidise dense externe |
FR9710425 | 1997-08-18 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0898115A1 true EP0898115A1 (fr) | 1999-02-24 |
EP0898115B1 EP0898115B1 (fr) | 2003-01-15 |
EP0898115B2 EP0898115B2 (fr) | 2012-06-13 |
Family
ID=9510338
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98402063A Expired - Lifetime EP0898115B2 (fr) | 1997-08-18 | 1998-08-14 | Chaudière à lit fluidisé dense externe |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6003476A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0898115B2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11182802A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR19990023666A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1118661C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE231230T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69810717T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2187908T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2767379B1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL328051A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA987423B (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009017972A2 (fr) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Échangeurs thermiques externes à paroi d'eau en un seul bloc |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI121637B (fi) * | 2004-07-23 | 2011-02-15 | Foster Wheeler Energia Oy | Menetelmä ja laite lämmönsiirtimen suojaamiseksi |
PL2735791T3 (pl) * | 2012-11-23 | 2015-12-31 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Kocioł mający wymiennik ciepła ze złożem fluidalnym |
CN112933622B (zh) * | 2021-02-02 | 2023-01-31 | 崔秋生 | 一种热回收内浮顶储罐油的装置及方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0068301A1 (fr) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-01-05 | Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Aktiengesellschaft | Générateur de vapeur avec foyer à lit fluidisé circulant, à pression atmosphérique ou suralimenté |
EP0274637A1 (fr) * | 1986-12-11 | 1988-07-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Générateur de vapeur à lit fluidisé circulant |
US5273000A (en) * | 1992-12-30 | 1993-12-28 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Reheat steam temperature control in a circulating fluidized bed steam generator |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3968346A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1976-07-06 | Cooksley Ralph D | Method and apparatus for electrically heating a fluid |
EP0206066B1 (fr) † | 1985-06-12 | 1993-03-17 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Dispositif de combustion à lit fluidisé circulant |
US5005528A (en) † | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-09 | Tampella Keeler Inc. | Bubbling fluid bed boiler with recycle |
US5463968A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1995-11-07 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Fluidized bed combustion system and method having a multicompartment variable duty recycle heat exchanger |
-
1997
- 1997-08-18 FR FR9710425A patent/FR2767379B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-08-14 ES ES98402063T patent/ES2187908T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-14 DE DE69810717T patent/DE69810717T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-14 EP EP98402063A patent/EP0898115B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-14 AT AT98402063T patent/ATE231230T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-17 US US09/134,864 patent/US6003476A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-17 JP JP10231038A patent/JPH11182802A/ja active Pending
- 1998-08-18 CN CN98117952A patent/CN1118661C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-18 PL PL98328051A patent/PL328051A1/xx unknown
- 1998-08-18 ZA ZA9807423A patent/ZA987423B/xx unknown
- 1998-08-18 KR KR1019980033438A patent/KR19990023666A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0068301A1 (fr) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-01-05 | Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Aktiengesellschaft | Générateur de vapeur avec foyer à lit fluidisé circulant, à pression atmosphérique ou suralimenté |
EP0274637A1 (fr) * | 1986-12-11 | 1988-07-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Générateur de vapeur à lit fluidisé circulant |
US5273000A (en) * | 1992-12-30 | 1993-12-28 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Reheat steam temperature control in a circulating fluidized bed steam generator |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009017972A2 (fr) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Échangeurs thermiques externes à paroi d'eau en un seul bloc |
WO2009017972A3 (fr) * | 2007-07-31 | 2010-04-01 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Échangeurs thermiques externes à paroi d'eau en un seul bloc |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0898115B1 (fr) | 2003-01-15 |
FR2767379B1 (fr) | 1999-11-12 |
KR19990023666A (ko) | 1999-03-25 |
ZA987423B (en) | 1999-09-22 |
JPH11182802A (ja) | 1999-07-06 |
DE69810717T2 (de) | 2003-10-23 |
CN1118661C (zh) | 2003-08-20 |
PL328051A1 (en) | 1999-03-01 |
FR2767379A1 (fr) | 1999-02-19 |
ATE231230T1 (de) | 2003-02-15 |
DE69810717T3 (de) | 2012-12-27 |
CN1211702A (zh) | 1999-03-24 |
DE69810717D1 (de) | 2003-02-20 |
US6003476A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
EP0898115B2 (fr) | 2012-06-13 |
ES2187908T3 (es) | 2003-06-16 |
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