CN1211702A - 具有致密外部流化床的锅炉 - Google Patents

具有致密外部流化床的锅炉 Download PDF

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CN1211702A
CN1211702A CN98117952A CN98117952A CN1211702A CN 1211702 A CN1211702 A CN 1211702A CN 98117952 A CN98117952 A CN 98117952A CN 98117952 A CN98117952 A CN 98117952A CN 1211702 A CN1211702 A CN 1211702A
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heat exchanger
boiler
stove
fluidized bed
pipeline
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CN1118661C (zh
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让－克劳德·塞梅达尔
皮埃尔·戈维尔
克里斯蒂昂·埃诺
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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GEC Alsthom Stein Industrie
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F22B31/003—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions
    • F22B31/0038—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions with tubes in the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F22B31/0023—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes in the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0069—Systems therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种锅炉,它包括如下构件:一个循环式流化床炉(1);一个分离机构(2),该机构对该炉中提取的气体和固体进行分离;一个设置在分离机构(2)的固体出口(23)和所述炉(1)的下部之间的致密外部流化床(3),该外部流化床包括一个第一热交换器(3A),待蒸发的载热流体在该热交换器中循环。该第一热交换器的出口(30)与处于炉(1)内的第二热交换器(3B)相连。

Description

具有致密外部流化床的锅炉
本发明涉及一种锅炉，该锅炉包括一个浸入致密外部流化床中的蒸发器。
这种锅炉主要包括如下构件：
-一个循环式流化床炉，该炉的壁上包括一些垂直管道，水蒸发产生的水乳剂(液相和气相)在这些管道内循环，该水乳剂被引到这些管道的底部；
-一个通常为旋风机的分离机构，该机构在炉的上部进行回收，以便将燃气和在该炉中流化过的固体颗粒引入两个不同的管件中；
-一个致密外部流化床，该流化床一方面与分离机构的颗粒管件相连，另一方面与炉的底部相连，该外部流化床包括一个热交换器，热交换器将颗粒的热量传给待蒸发的载热流体，而该待蒸发的载热流体通常为水。
这种热交换器通常为管束形，流体可以自然流动，也可以用一个或多个泵使其加速流动。
自然循环的热交换器制造困难。首先，为了在运行中具有合适的流速，这些热交换器的管道需要斜置，这样，如果要求保持基本相同的热交换表面，则与平行管道情况相比，就要增加管道的高度。然而，流化床的高度受到流化压力以及流化稳定性的限制。任何情况下，所允许的这种高度基本不能超过4米，基本不考虑用超过5米的高度。其次，这些管道中的速度应当合适，以便防止出现DNB现象(对于临界加热的“偏离核沸腾”)，同时防止层流，也就是说防止出现液体蒸汽的交界面。这种流动会产生如下现象：管道过热、热冲击和腐蚀。为了得到需要的速度，管道的截面应当很大，管道上端应当留有比较大的蒸发高度。此外，在运行期间，没有足够的热颗粒，所以，蒸发量很少，管道中的速度不够大，因而会出现DNB现象。
进行加速循环的热交换器可以克服自然循环热交换器碰到的困难。但是，所用的泵很贵，而且这些泵会出现故障，这不利于提高锅炉的效率。
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有致密外部流化床的锅炉，该锅炉结构简单，并且具有较高的稳定性能。
根据本发明，该锅炉包括如下构件：一个循环式流化床炉；一个分离机构，该机构对该炉中提取的气体和固体进行分离；一个设置在分离机构的固体出口和所述炉的下部之间的致密外部流化床，该外部流化床包括一个第一热交换器，待蒸发的载热流体在该热交换器中循环，此外，该第一热交换器的出口与处于所述炉内的第二热交换器相连。
该第二热交换器可以明显增加第一热交换器管道中的循环速度。这样，即使第一热交换器的运行为自然循环，构成第一热交换器的管道也可以水平设置，而不会出现安装危险。
第一热交换器有利地由管束构成。
这些管道最好是水平的。
此外，这些管道具有至少一个螺旋槽。
这样就可以减少循环速度，以便防止这些管道中出现DNB现象。
根据锅炉的第一个实施方案，第二热交换器构成炉壁的组成部分。
根据第二实施方案，第二热交换器浸入炉中。
当炉为具有一些焊接到该炉的管壁上的内部膜片的循环流化床时，则本发明特别有利，这些膜片称为延伸屏。
同样，根据第三个实施方案，第二热交换器设置在该炉的延伸屏中。
通过下面结合附图对作为说明的锅炉实施例进行的详细描述，将会更清楚地理解本发明，其中：
图1是本发明锅炉的示意图；
图2是第一实施方案的水平剖视图；
图3是第二实施方案的垂直剖视图；
图4是第三实施方案的水平剖视图。
不同图中的构件用相同标号表示。
在图1中，只示出用于理解本发明所必需的锅炉构件。
因此该锅炉包括一个其内用于保存固体颗粒燃料的炉子1。该炉子1的上部通过输料管道12与分离机构2相连，所述管道用于传送气体燃料和再循环颗粒。
分离机构12例如是旋风机，它抽取排放管道20中的气体和再循环管道23中的颗粒，排放管道出自分离机构的上部，再循环管道通向致密外部流化床3。该再循环管道通常具有一个虹吸管和一些套管。所述外床有一个第一热交换器3A，第一热交换器为管束形，这些管子最好在垂直平面中弯曲，以便使纵向的管道部分为水平状态。通过进口管39向第一热交换器3A供应需蒸发的载热流体，例如供应水。该热交换器3的出口30与第二热交换器3B相连，第二热交换器与炉子1接触。
当炉体的上壁由一组彼此间连接在一起的垂直管道1A构成时，适于应用图1和2中所示的第二热交换器3B的第一实施方案。在这种情况下，其中一个管道构成第二热交换器3B，该管道的下端与第一热交换器3A的出口30相连。应注意到第一热交换器3A只有一个出口。通常，如果涉及的是管束，则可在第二热交换器中设置与管束所含的管道同样多的管道1A。
根据图3所示的第二实施方案，不论炉壁的性能如何，第二热交换器3B都是设置在该炉内的蒸发器。
所以本发明适用于其带有管道的炉子1中具有循环流化床的锅炉。所以通常设置至少一个焊接在炉壁内的延伸屏。该延伸屏本身由彼此连接在一起的垂直管道构成。
同样，根据第三实施方案，第二热交换器3B由延伸屏中的一个管道构成，该管道的下端与第一热交换器3A的出口30相连。
此外，当构成第一热交换器的一个或多个管道为刻槽管道时，也就是说在管道的内表面有一个或多个螺旋槽时，还可以改善第一热交换器3A的性能。其原因是，由于离心力作用，乳剂中的蒸汽会集中到管道内部，这样就可避免出现DNB现象。
通常本发明用于自然循环的第一热交换器。但是，如果使用加速循环热交换器，本发明就可以大大降低所用泵的功率，因而减少电能消耗。
上述实施方案仅是作为例子给出的，本领域技术人员很清楚，可以用不同的方法实施本发明，只要用等同的手段代替即可。

Claims (8)

1．一种锅炉，它包括如下构件：一个循环式流化床炉(1)；一个分离机构(2)，该机构对该炉中提取的气体和固体进行分离；一个设置在所述分离机构(2)的固体出口(23)和所述炉(1)的下部之间的致密外部流化床(3)，该外部流化床包括一个第一热交换器(3A)，待蒸发的载热流体在该热交换器中循环，其特征在于，该第一热交换器(3A)的出口(30)与处于炉(1)内的第二热交换器(3B)相连。
2．根据权利要求1所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述第一热交换器(3A)的运行为自然循环。
3．根据权利要求1或2所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述第一热交换器(3A)由管束构成。
4．根据权利要求3所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述管道是水平的。
5．根据权利要求3或4所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述管道具有至少一个螺旋槽。
6．根据上述任一权利要求所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述第二热交换器(3B)构成所述炉(1)的壁的组成部分。
7．根据权利要求1至5之一所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述第二热交换器(3B)浸入炉(1)中。
8．根据权利要求1至5之一所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述第二热交换器(3B)设置在所述循环流化床炉的延伸屏(1B)中。
CN98117952A 1997-08-18 1998-08-18 具有致密外部流化床的锅炉 Expired - Lifetime CN1118661C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9710425A FR2767379B1 (fr) 1997-08-18 1997-08-18 Chaudiere a lit fluidise dense externe
FR9710425 1997-08-18

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CN1211702A true CN1211702A (zh) 1999-03-24
CN1118661C CN1118661C (zh) 2003-08-20

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US (1) US6003476A (zh)
EP (1) EP0898115B2 (zh)
JP (1) JPH11182802A (zh)
KR (1) KR19990023666A (zh)
CN (1) CN1118661C (zh)
AT (1) ATE231230T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69810717T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2187908T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR2767379B1 (zh)
PL (1) PL328051A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA987423B (zh)

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FI121637B (fi) * 2004-07-23 2011-02-15 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Menetelmä ja laite lämmönsiirtimen suojaamiseksi
US20090031967A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Alstom Technology Ltd Integral waterwall external heat exchangers
PL2735791T3 (pl) * 2012-11-23 2015-12-31 General Electric Technology Gmbh Kocioł mający wymiennik ciepła ze złożem fluidalnym
CN112933622B (zh) * 2021-02-02 2023-01-31 崔秋生 一种热回收内浮顶储罐油的装置及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3968346A (en) * 1973-06-01 1976-07-06 Cooksley Ralph D Method and apparatus for electrically heating a fluid
DE3125849A1 (de) * 1981-07-01 1983-01-20 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Ag, 4200 Oberhausen Dampferzeuger mit zirkulierender atmosphaerischer oder druckaufgeladener wirbelschichtfeuerung sowie verfahren zu seiner regelung
ATE87077T1 (de) † 1985-06-12 1993-04-15 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verbrennungsvorrichtung mit zirkulierender wirbelschicht.
DE3642396A1 (de) * 1986-12-11 1988-06-16 Siemens Ag Dampferzeugeranlage mit einer zirkulierenden wirbelschicht
US5005528A (en) † 1990-04-12 1991-04-09 Tampella Keeler Inc. Bubbling fluid bed boiler with recycle
US5273000A (en) * 1992-12-30 1993-12-28 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Reheat steam temperature control in a circulating fluidized bed steam generator
US5463968A (en) * 1994-08-25 1995-11-07 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed combustion system and method having a multicompartment variable duty recycle heat exchanger

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Publication number Publication date
US6003476A (en) 1999-12-21
CN1118661C (zh) 2003-08-20
KR19990023666A (ko) 1999-03-25
ATE231230T1 (de) 2003-02-15
FR2767379B1 (fr) 1999-11-12
EP0898115A1 (fr) 1999-02-24
EP0898115B1 (fr) 2003-01-15
JPH11182802A (ja) 1999-07-06
DE69810717T3 (de) 2012-12-27
ZA987423B (en) 1999-09-22
ES2187908T3 (es) 2003-06-16
PL328051A1 (en) 1999-03-01
FR2767379A1 (fr) 1999-02-19
DE69810717D1 (de) 2003-02-20
DE69810717T2 (de) 2003-10-23
EP0898115B2 (fr) 2012-06-13

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Granted publication date: 20030820