EP0884954A1

EP0884954A1 - Ensilage agent

Info

Publication number: EP0884954A1
Application number: EP97905121A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Bruno Käsler; Günter Gaus; Hans Müschen
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 1996-03-04
Filing date: 1997-02-28
Publication date: 1998-12-23
Also published as: IL125252A0; MX9806176A; CZ275698A3; AU1878797A; DE19608263A1; HUP9901816A3; NO984043L; SK116898A3; AU712872B2; CA2248007A1; ZA971807B; PL328860A1; HUP9901816A2; WO1997032487A1; NO984043D0

Abstract

An ensilage agent containing an active quantity of at least one methanogenic bacteria inhibitor.

Description

Ensiling agent

description

The invention relates to a ensiling agent containing an effective amount of at least one inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria. The invention also relates to a process for the production of the silage additive and its use for the silageing of green fodder and the prevention of aerobic and anaerobic digestion processes in the fermentation feed.

The production of silage is of exceptional economic importance in animal nutrition. A number of additives and processes for improving the fermentation process and for improving the silage quality are known. Thus, the currently valid list describes the tested by the German Agricultural Society (DLG) silage additives the use of salts of formic acid and propionic acid, nitrite compounds, sorbic acid, formaldehyde-generating compounds and sugar-containing ^¬ materials such as molasses.

DE-A 39 16 563 describes the addition of lactic acid-producing bacteria to improve the silage quality. The use of effective silage additives reduces feed losses due to nutrient degradation and prevents partial or complete spreading due to incorrect fermentation.

In general, if a very good silage is successful, a sufficient amount of lactic acid will be produced as quickly as possible and this will remain in the silage during the storage period mentioned.

Important parameters for good ensiling are e.g. the buffer capacity of the forage plants, the content of the plants in antimicrobial secondary substances, the acid and osmotolerance of the naturally occurring and produced lactic acid bacteria, the metabolic performance of the natural epiphyte population, the presence of a sufficient amount of fermentable carbohydrates and anaerobic conditions in the feedstock.

There are close interactions between these parameters. If atmospheric oxygen is present, fermentable carbohydrates can be broken down by parts of plants that have not yet died or their enzymes and by aerobic microorganisms. This process leads to a significant loss of nutrients, the lactic acid inhibits bacteria in their development and at the same time opens up growth opportunities for silage pests. This process continues until the atmospheric oxygen is used up. Under unfavorable conditions, this means that the rapid and necessary pH reduction in the silage is not achieved. Under these conditions, clostridia find favorable growth conditions for them. Butyric acid bacteria (clostridia) are anaerobic bacteria that degrade organic substrates with the exclusion of oxygen to alcohols, acids, C0 ₂ and N ₂ . Butyric acid is preferred as the acid. The growth of the clostridia and the associated formation of butyric acid considerably impair the quality of the silages. This fermentation of butyric acid can lead to the complete deterioration of the silage.

Clostridia are well-known feed and food spoilers.

From the published patent application DE 26 13 503, organic acids for ensiling green fodder are known. Lactic acid bacteria for isolating green fodder or the combination of organic acids and lactic acid bacteria are each described in the patents EP 369 198 B1 and EP 399 385 B1.

Clostridia can be suppressed by adding nitrite. Where the nitrite administration is problematic from a toxicological point of view.

Despite the use of nitrite or nitrate in ensiling, silages suffer a constant loss in weight and quality due to the respiration of sugar and starch through these undesirable microorganisms. This leads to considerable economic damage.

The object was therefore to prevent the development of butyric acid-forming bacteria (clostridia) in the silage without the abovementioned disadvantages and thus to specifically suppress anaerobic degradation processes in the silage.

Accordingly, it has now been found that by adding inhibitors of methaneogenic bacteria to the silage, the growth of the clostridia can be suppressed in a targeted manner and the fermentation and quality losses of silages can thereby be significantly reduced. The subject of the invention is a silage agent containing an effective amount of at least one inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria. The invention also relates to a method for producing the ensiling agent and its use for ensiling green fodder and preventing aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in the fermentation feed.

Inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria suitable for the silage additive according to the invention are all substances which selectively inhibit the growth of methaneogenic bacteria. Among methanogenic bacteria, Archaea are, for example, the following families and genera Methanobacteriacae, Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanospaera; Methanothermaceae, Methanotherumus; Methanococcaceae, Methanococcus; Methanosarcinaceae, Halomethanococcus, Methanococcoides, Methanohalobium, Methanohalophilus, Methanolobus, Methanosarcina, Methanosaeta; Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanoculleus, Methanogenium, Methanolacinia, Methanomicrobiuum, Methanoplanus, Methanospirilum; Methanocorpuscülaceae to understand Methanocorpusculum.

Inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria are, for example, antibiotics such as puromycin and / or bacitracin, bacteriocins and / or methanogenesis inhibitors such as bromethanesulfonic acid and / or monensin. Methanogenesis inhibitors are preferably used as inhibitors, very particularly preferably bromoethanesulfonic acid and / or monensin.

Individual inhibitors or combinations of different inhibitors can be used.

The inhibitors can be used alone to ensilage green fodder and prevent anaerobic degradation processes in fermentation feed or in combination with other silage aids, lactic acid produce the bacteria and / or auxiliaries for ensiling green feed and prevent aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in fermentation feed.

The inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria are present in an amount of 0.01 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 90% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 70% by weight, based on the total silage amount (= 100% by weight) was used.

Based on one ton of silage, the inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria can advantageously be used in an amount of 0.001 to 10 kg, in particular 0.05 to 8 kg, most preferably 0.1 to 5 kg.

All known inorganic and organic ensiling aids are suitable as ensiling aids. Inorganic silage auxiliaries are, for example, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, cobalt carbonate, sodium trium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt sulfate. Iron, zinc and / or copper sulfate, sodium metabisulfite, orthophosphoric acid, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and / or sulfuric acid. To be favoured

Sodium nitrite, sodium metabisulphite, sodium and / or potassium chloride.

Organic silage auxiliaries are, for example, formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine, organic acids and / or their agriculturally useful salts, without being restricted to these. Alphatic C 1 -C ₇ -mono-, di-, tricarboxylic acids, benzoic acid and / or their agriculturally useful salts such as, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, heptylic acid, acrylic acid, are preferably Maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, sorbic acid are used. Particularly preferred acids and / or their agriculturally useful salts are citric acid, formic acid and / or propionic acid. Particularly preferred salts are calcium formate, sodium formate, sodium propionate and / or calcium propionate.

Salts of the abovementioned acids which can be used in agriculture are salts of such bases which do not adversely affect the ensiling effect.

Particularly suitable basic salts are those of the alkali metals, preferably the sodium and potassium salts, those of the alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium, magnesium and / or barium salts and the transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, Zinc, cobalt and / or iron salts and the ammonium salts.

The silage auxiliaries can advantageously be present in an amount of 0.1 to 99.99% by weight, preferably 10 to 99.95% by weight, in particular 35 25 to 99.5% by weight, based on the total amount of silage additive (= 100 % By weight) can be used.

The silage auxiliaries can be added to the silage agent individually or in combination.

40

In principle, all strains of lactic acid-producing bacteria (= MSB) can be added to the silage additive according to the invention, which grow under the conditions prevailing in the silage and produce sufficient lactic acid, i.e. so much lactic acid

45 form that the resulting pH drop is so quickly follows that no unwanted microorganisms can develop.

Suitable MSB are advantageously those of the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacterium, Staphylococcus, Aerococcus and / or Pediococcus. Microorganisms of the genus Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and / or Leuconostoc are particularly suitable. The genus and species Lactobacillus plantarum is particularly suitable. The bacteria can be used in liquid, frozen or lyphilized form. Before use, they can be mounted on a carrier and / or mixed and / or granulated with further auxiliaries.

Suitable carriers are e.g. Calcium carbonate, bran, semolina, granulated sugar, bone meal, bolus, talcum, stearates of alkaline earths, table salt, rock salt or other minerals suitable for feeding. When mixing or applying the bacteria to a carrier, make sure that the bacteria are not damaged. Single strains of bacteria or combinations of different strains can be used.

The bacteria can advantageously be used in an amount of 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 0 to 1% by weight, based on the total amount of silage additive (= 100% by weight).

Auxiliaries in the sense of the invention are growth-promoting substances for microorganisms, such as products containing fermentable carbohydrates, for example molasses, boiled potatoes, grain red, dried whey, green meal, dry pulp, sugar. Starch or wood hydrolyzates.

The addition of enzymes which break down cellulolytic, amylolytic and / or other carbohydrates or nitrogen in bound form, for example urea or ammonium compounds such as ammonium sulfate, also has a growth-promoting effect.

Auxiliaries can advantageously be added to the ensiling agent produced according to the invention in an amount of 0 to 60% by weight, preferably 0 to 50% by weight, very particularly preferably in an amount of 0 to 30% by weight, based on the total amount of silage additive {= 100% by weight . -%) are added.

The silage material from fermentation feed that can be used according to the invention is not subject to any particular restriction. All easily silable feeds are suitable (slightly withered grass and other other forage plants with more than 3% sugar content in the fresh mass, withered grass> 30% dry matter, withered leguminous plants> 35% dry matter, silage maize and corncob products> 25% dry matter, whole plant cereals, moist cereals and damp maize, pressed pulp), moderately difficult to silage feed (Grass 20 to 25% dry matter, legumes 25 to 30% dry matter and other fodder plants with sugar contents of 1.5 to 3% in the fresh matter) or difficult to ensilage (grass <20% dry matter or legumes <20% dry matter with less as 1.5% sugar in the fresh mass as well as grass or legumes, the withering of which failed). The silage preferably has a moisture content of at least 50%, more preferably from 60 to 90% (corresponding to 40 to 10% dry matter).

The ensiling agent according to the invention is the silage in a

Amount of 0.01 to 20 kg, in particular 0.05 to 10 kg, most preferably 0.1 to 5 kg, added per ton of silage. The silage additive can be delivered to the farmer as individual components or as a finished mixture. In this case it is advantageous to use the components in such a way that an adverse mutual influence of the components is excluded. This can be achieved, for example, by micronization. It is advantageously added to the material to be ensiled in the form of a spreadable mixture of the components. However, it can also be added separately to the silage. The ensiling agent is applied either by hand, an applicator or a metering device during chopping and / or during or after the green fodder has been stored.

The invention is explained in more detail by means of the following examples, which represent preferred embodiments of the invention:

Example 1;

Alfalfa was ensiled with a dry matter content of 19% and 4 g of silage additive per kg of silage was added in all examples. Batch 1 (Table I) shows the control without the addition of ensiling agents. Run 2 shows the effect of herkömmli ^¬ chen silage additive of 50 wt -.% Sodium propionate and 50 wt -.% Of sodium formate. Table I: ensiling of alfalfa

Batch 3 shows the dry weight losses with a silage additive consisting of 45% by weight sodium propionate, 50% by weight sodium formate and 5% by weight bromoethanesulfonic acid as a methanogenesis inhibitor. Table I shows the mean values from three independent experiments each.

The use of methanogenesis inhibitors significantly reduces the weight loss of the silage material.

Example 2:

Meadow mixed grass with a dry matter content of 23% was ensiled. Batch 1 (control) in Table II shows a weight loss of 5.8 g.

A mixture of 50% by weight sodium propionate and 50% by weight

Sodium formate (batch 2) showed a loss of 3.0 g. The same mixture with 5% by weight of bromoethanesulfonic acid had only a weight loss of 2.0 g. Here, too, the mean values of three independent experiments are shown.

Table II: ensiling of mixed meadow grass

Claims

claims

1. ensiling agent containing an effective amount of at least one inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria.

2. Silage according to claim 1, containing an effective amount of at least one methanogenesis inhibitor.

3. ensiling agent according to claim 1 and / or 2, wherein bromethanesulfonic acid and / or monensin are used as methanoge¬ inhibitors.

4. ensiling agent according to claims 1 to 3, wherein one or more inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria in an amount of

0.001 to 10 kg ^' per ton of silage are added to the fermentation feed.

5. ensiling agent, containing an effective amount of at least one inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria and ensiling agents,

Lactic acid-producing bacteria and / or auxiliary substances.

6. ensiling agent according to claim 5, wherein organic acids and / or their agriculturally useful salts are used as ensiling agents.

7. ensiling agent according to claim 5 and / or 6, wherein aliphatic C ₇ -C ₇ mono-, di-, tricarboxylic acids, benzoic acid and / or their agriculturally useful salts are used as the silier auxiliary.

8. ensiling agent according to claims 5 to 7, wherein as lactic acid producing bacteria those of the genera Lactoba¬ cillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacterium, Staphylococcus, Aerococcus and / or Pediococcus are used.

9. A method for producing a silage additive according to claims 5 to 8, characterized in that inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria, silage auxiliaries, lactic acid-producing bacteria and / or auxiliaries are mixed.

10. A process for the preparation of a silage additive according to claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the individual components are granulated before or after mixing.

11. silage, containing a silage according to claims 1 to 8.

12. Silage, containing 0.01 kg to 20 kg of silage per ton of fermentation feed.

13. A method for preventing anaerobic degradation processes in green forage silages, characterized in that an effective amount of at least one inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria is added to the green feed plants.

14. A method for preventing aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in green forage silages, characterized in that the green forage plants are added an effective amount of at least one inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria and silage auxiliaries, bacteria producing lactic acid and / or auxiliaries.

15. Use of a silage additive according to claims 1 to 8 for ensiling green fodder and preventing aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in fermentation feed.

16. Use of one or more inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria for ensiling green fodder and preventing anaerobic degradation processes in fermentation feed.