DE1234504B - Farm feed preparation - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

EUCHES

PATENT OFFICE

AJySfcESCRIBE

Int. CL:

A23k

German class: 53 g -5/01

Number: 1 234 504

File number: B 59229IV a / 53 g

Filing date: September 3, 1960

Opened on: February 16, 1967

The invention relates to a process for the production of fermented feed, in which fresh feed in a juice-rich, freshly harvested state is intimately mixed with dry, comminuted starch and, if necessary, sugary substances are added to the mixture in such an amount that it has a sugar content of 1 to 3 ° / ₀ possesses, whereupon this mixture is subjected to lactic acid fermentation in the absence of air in silos.

The ensiling of fresh feed, such as beets, beet leaves, potatoes, grass, etc. Like., is used for Preservation of these substances, whereby in the course of the natural fermentation process, depending on the raw material, different, sometimes considerable losses of substances to be ensiled occur. The high of Ensiling losses is essentially dependent on the water content of the raw materials used and on the Fermentation process.

To reduce the water content one has ζ. Β. fresh grass subjected to wilted silage * where * o it is allowed to wither or dry to a water content of about 60 to 70%. One also has to belittle of the water content, dry substances such as dried potatoes, dry-cut starch are added or the green fodder is crushed art that it remained covered with juice, whereby the water content of the crushed green fodder was reduced to 72 to 76 per cent. In fact, they all occur known silage preparations from considerable juice drains that have to be removed, which for the Valuable substances such as vitamins and mineral salts are lost in animal nutrition.

The inventor has succeeded in preparing fermentation feed in which all the juice is in the feed remains behind. Another major disadvantage that is inherent in all previously known ensiling methods is that that they supply fermented fodder which is insufficient for feeding alone; on the contrary, the cattle must have something extra Get high quality protein concentrate, the composition of which is adapted to the silage feed is to get the right protein-starch ratio tailored to the livestock.

The inventor has succeeded in producing suitable silage feed as a complete feed in that the protein content of the mixture to be ensiled before fermentation by adding dry, crushed oilseed extraction meal and / or fish or meat meal to a protein ^ starch unit ratio between 1: 4 and 1:10, in particular 1: 6, is set. According to the invention is from the juicy Fresh fodder, in particular beets, beet fermentation feed preparation

Applicant:

Biehl & Co., Hamburg 11, Kajen 2

Named as inventor:

Heinrich Biehl, Heinrichshof near Trittau

leaves, potatoes and grass, gone out; this juicy fresh feed is freshly harvested State, so without prior reduction of the water content by z. B. Wilting of the grass or the like, with dry starchy, dry protein-containing substances and, provided the fresh feed contains less than 2% sugar, dry sugary substances are intimately mixed and these Mixture ensiled.

Before the time of the invention, fresh forage rich in juice was already dry before the silage Starchy substances were added, once to bind the water, but also, for example, to make it more nutrient-rich Get feed. For example, corn on the cob was added to juicy fresh feed, that is a feed that contains both starch and protein. However, you have the protein-starch ratio given no importance. According to the invention, however, this is crucial for the fermentation process. While so far the opinion was generally held in specialist circles that the addition of protein to a feed that is to be preserved by fermentation, has an unfavorable influence on the fermentation process, see above the inventor found that this is not the case. On the contrary, the fermentation process is favorable affects when the starch-protein ratio is within certain limits, namely between 1: 4 and 1:10, preferably 1: 6. Starch and protein additives in these orders of magnitude result in higher lactic acid contents and lower fermentation losses; the protein is not broken down in the process. Albeit a fermentation feed preparation with a far starch-egg white ratio was previously possible, protein still had to be added to this fermented fodder before it was fed in order to be brought to the correct ratio of nutrients to each other. Because it is now has succeeded in narrowing the protein-starch ratio in the preparation of the fermentation fodder, the prerequisite is

709 909/144

created for this, immediately upon introduction of the to produce a complete feed for the fermentation of certain feed. It has been shown that in the According to the invention selected combination all necessary for optimal nutrition of the pets Feed additives without any disadvantage, i.e. fermentation does not result in any losses that would make the economy more economical Could make the result unfavorable, can be added. It will be except work-related Advantages also advantages in terms of profitability compared to the previously usual type and Manner of feed preparation and administration.

According to the invention, the composition of the raw materials prepared for fermentation is chosen so that

1. a water content of 50 to 75% is achieved in the silage compared to a water content of the juicy fresh substance of 78 to 90 ° / ₀ ,

2. a sugar content of at least 1 to 3 ° / ₀ in _{M is set in} the silage,

3. Approximately a protein-starch ratio in the finished fermentation feed from 1: 4 to 1:10, advantageously from 1: 6, is obtained as it is present in grain is,

4. The formation of lactic acid compared to other acids is promoted.

The setting of the water content required under 1 of 50 to 75% is achieved by adding dry, predominantly starchy substances such as meal (e.g. barley, rye, wheat, oats, Corn ^ or TapiokamehKauchCassava or Manioka); In this way, all of the juice is retained in the fermentation feed.

The sugar content of at least 1 to 3% provided for under 2 is achieved by adding of sugar directly or dates or sugary fruits according to their sugar content or sugary Beet pulp.

The achievement of the protein-starch ratio mentioned under 3 of preferably about 1: 6 is achieved by adding vegetable or animal products Protein substances, such as soybean extraction meal (or other protein-rich extraction meal), fish meal (or other fish products) as well as meat meal and the like made from meat or meat waste Products.

The influencing of fermentation in favor of lactic acid formation mentioned under 4 takes place once through the intended added sugar, further through setting a favorable water content, through the as usual, anaerobic ensiling conditions, and in particular through the addition of an antibiotic (up to 50 g / t), such as aureomycin, bacitracin or a.

It goes without saying that when ensiling sugary green fodder, for example salary or sugar beets, the added sugar to the silage additive can be omitted. After the procedure According to the invention, a new fermentation arises in the course of the fermentation which occurs spontaneously in the prepared substrate Feed, which in its quality in terms of taste and utilization in the animal body compared to before is much improved. The biological value of the individual components used is determined in accordance with the method Use of the mixture improved by around 10%, so that the achievable profit from the feed is increased. Above all, however, the above procedure determines the amount of \ Fermentation losses greatly reduced; among other things, the water-soluble ones otherwise lost when the juice is removed remain Substances are now preserved in the feed so that ensiling can be carried out without draining the juice.

The table shows the test results obtained when ensiling one sugary and one practically sugar-free fresh food can be seen. The values under a) were without the addition of dry components with juice drainage, the values under b) without the addition of dry components and without Juice outflow obtained, and under c) the values are listed which result when ensiling according to the method of the invention.

Examples of the composition of the dry mix components are

fo _r grass

^ o 1 T _a nioka flour

12 «/ * wholesome sugar beet pulp,
6 ° / ₀ soybean meal, extracted,
containing 4.0 g of aureomycin in 100 kg;

for beets

8O ° / o tapioca flour,

20% Sqja bean meal, extracted,

containing 4.0 g aureomycin in 100 kg,

° " ^{/ o} cog meal,
¹ ^ J. » Tapioca flour,

⁴ / »Soybean meal, extracted
containing 4.0 g aureomycin in 100 kg,

or

50% barley meal,
42% tapioca flour,

8 <y _o fish meal,
containing 4.0 g of aureomycin in 100 kg;

for potatoes

73 <y _o tapioca flour,

27% fish meal,

containing 6.7 g of aureomycin in 100 kg,

50% rye meal,
35% soybean meal, extracted,
15% tapioca flour,
containing 6.7 g of aureomycin in 100 kg;

60% tapioca flour,

28% date-tapioca mixture (as before),
12% soybean meal, extracted,
containing 4.0 g of aureomycin in 100 kg.

For each type of fresh substance to be ensiled, a suitable mixture of dry components is used and auxiliaries produced and usually in a ratio of 75% fresh substance and 25% Dry component added. For potatoes, a ratio of 85 and 15% dry component has been found Proven to be useful. These components are then intimately mixed with each other during the ensiling process, either in a separate mixing process or directly when entering the silo (common Application to the conveyor belt or the like) taking into account the correct mixing ratio. For example, large

technical work options are illustrated schematically in the drawing. It shows

F i g. 1 shows an embodiment of the method of the invention in the flow diagram and

Fi g. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the method of the invention, also in the flow diagram.

In the F i g. 1 and 2 is the storage container for the fresh feed with 1 and the storage container for the premixed dry components are denoted by 2. Via one or more dosing devices 3, which are, for example, scales, the material according to FIG. 1 passes into a batch mixer 4, in to which it is intimately mixed. This batch mixer is used directly, for example via a conveyor belt, fed to the silo 5, in which it is ensiled. If several silos are to be fed at the same time, see above it is recommended to use the fresh feed and the dry components as shown in FIG. 2 shown in one To mix the continuous mixer 6 and into the silos 5 via a movably arranged portion dispenser 7 bring in.

The reduction in fermentation losses is due to the lowering of the water content, the influence on fermentation and the appropriate combination of protein and starch components. In addition to the antibiotics, which largely prevent the degradation reactions apart from lactic acid fermentation, the reduction in the water content is responsible for the positive influence on the fermentation process. The reason for the particularly good utilization of the fermented feed by the animals is seen in the joint fermentation of the various feed components, with a new, complex feed being created through biological "digestion".
Furthermore, in the case of the method described, there is no loss whatsoever, but in practice a gain of around 5%, compared to previous practice even of 30% and more.

The findings presented are in numerous small fermentation tests, large silo tests with subsequent ones Feeding attempts on several hundred pigs have been substantiated.

Art utter mixture Amount in
Silage loss pH Acid condition vinegar butter
acid j - Feed utilization <jrun Salary Amount in
Silage at milk acid
(free) - through the animals beets the dry components Dry
Dimensions acid
(free) composition 80% tapioca flour 0.7% - 20 _^0/0 soybean meal - 4.1 1.0% a) 100% 40 g / t aureo - 4.0 0.257, b) 100% mycin 25% 46% 3.85 0.4% c) 75% 25% 0.16% Based on the 57 « 1.77. Beet share in Lining - 10% better than Ryegrass 0.017 at a) and b) - 78% tapioca flour 16% dates 0.7% 6% soy meal - 5.1 0.65% a) 100% 40 g / t aureo - 4.8 0.2% b) 100 o / _o mycin 25% 10.5% 3.65 0.4% c) 75o / _o 6.17o 0.55% Based on the 3.27 » 1.85% Share of grass in Feed about 20% better than with a) and b) or fresh grass

Claims (5)

Patent claims: 1. Process for the production of fermented feed, in which fresh feed in the form of Beets, beet leaves, potatoes and / or grass or the like in a juicy, freshly harvested state with dry, crushed starch in the form of crushed grain or flour made from dried Tubers are intimately mixed and the mixture, if necessary, sugary substances in be added in such an amount that it has a sugar content of 1 to 3%, whereupon this The mixture is subjected to lactic acid fermentation in silos with the exclusion of air, characterized in that that for the production of silage feed suitable as complete feed the protein content of the mixture to be ensiled before fermentation by adding dry, crushed oil seed extraction meal and / or of fish or meat meals to a protein-starch unit ratio between 1: 4 and 1:10, in particular 1: 6, is set. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of fresh feed in the mass provided for ensiling proportion to the starch and protein carrier proportion is about 75:25. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the for ensiling provided mass before fermentation in a manner known per se, an antibiotic in a quantity of not more than 50 g / t is added. 4. Process according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that from the crushed Starch carrier, the crushed protein carrier and possibly the sugary substance and the antibiotic a first mixture is formed and that this first mixture together With the fresh feed, which is rich in juice, a second mixture ready for ensiling is made will. 5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that with a water content of the juice-rich fresh feed of 78 to 90 ° / ₀ 10 by adding the crushed dry starch and protein carriers, the water content of the The mass intended for ensiling is adjusted to about 50 to 75%. Considered publications: German Auslegeschrift No. 1033 498; Swiss Patent No. 233117; USA Patent No. 2,940,857; Böttcher, »Feed Conservation through Silage«, 1957, pp. 63 to 79 and 88 to 90; Stöckmann, "feed preparation", 1951, p. 38; S m i r η O w, »Feed preparation machines«, 1958, Pp. 71 to 77; Eichholtz, "Silage and similar fermentation products", 1960, pp. 79 and 82; Chemisches Zentralblatt, 1954, p. 2075; 1956, pp. 3446 and 12146 to 12147; 1959, p. 6661; "Field and Forest", 1959, issue 36, pp. 5 to 7 1 sheet of drawings 709 509/144 2.67 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin