DE19528076C2 - Poultry feed made from plant components - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a poultry feed made from plants Components, in particular for reducing the nitrogen content in the Feces and improvement of feed conversion, as well as a lowering the cholesterol level in the egg yolk.

The components known in the prior art form the Basis of the feed according to the invention.

The value of feed is generally determined by feeding experiments on certain animals. The value of the The higher the feed, the smaller the factor of the animal feed fed per kilogram of live weight achieved,  or per egg mass produced. To achieve this goal is a certain need for nutrients and active ingredients in the feed provide.

Of the three nutrients carbohydrates, fats and proteins The proteins are particularly important. The feathers best around 95% and the meat almost 50% from protein.

In the metabolic processes in the digestive tract can from the Dietary protein both carbohydrates and fats are formed the. Conversely, this is not possible. From carbohydrates and fats cannot produce protein in the body. The Protein must therefore be supplied to the animal every day in the required amount become.

The protein content alone is not critical. Rather comes it depends on the usability of the dietary protein. For example legumes have a high protein content, but the recovery The availability of the protein offered does not meet the requirements.

The proteins are known to consist of building blocks, the amino acid Ren. In the metabolism, however, the animals can only the amino acid use that correspond to the body or feather protein, or they need to build them, and they can only do so much Recycle protein as it corresponds to the amino acids present. If the feed now contains too little of a required amino acid, so this amino acid limits protein utilization.

Protein utilization is particularly critical with regard to Fe derbildung. For the feather formation, poultry need in the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cy stin. Unfortunately, these two amino acids are in Hull Must contain too little fruit. That's how it is, for example Protein of the peas is only 49% usable, that of the sweet peas only 47% and that of the beans only 35%. Not to exploit that en The animals excrete unused protein. The You can need protein in the grain mixes with high content  on legumes only through excessive feed intake cover what puts a corresponding burden on the body, high feed costs caused and the nitrogen content in the excrement enormous elevated.

It is therefore important to consider the fact that protein is a nutrient to take into account that proteins and its building blocks, the amino acids that cannot be stored in the digestive tract. The need quantity must therefore be added daily.

In order to achieve the optimum in nutrients and active ingredients, in 1994 rearing experiments with different feed mixtures carried out, their methods and results further below are explained.

In addition, at several points in research Attempts have been made to assess the influence of various nutrients and Active ingredients in the feed towards growth and feed utilization observe. It turned out that methionine in all unsublimented feed mixtures in poultry animals first time limit is.

It has also been found in various research projects that a certain mixing ratio of energy, protein, Methionine and lysine levels increase muscle growth in animals influenced, d. H. feed utilization could be increased.

Both methionine and lysine are for poultry Protein metabolism the first limiting amino acids.

It is also known from the literature that the egg yolk chole sterol content primarily from the fats and Carbohydrates in the diet is dependent. The fat metabolism of the chicken, as far as researched so far, is very much that of the mammal similar. Endogenous cholesterol synthesis also occurs in chickens instead, with the liver playing a central role, as in mammals plays. By reducing the raw protein content, the  Feed mix less energy, which reduces the raw fat content can be lowered, which is ultimately beneficial to the Chole sterol level in the egg yolk.

Furthermore, the raw fiber content of the feed could the formation of cholesterol is important. Finally the vitamin C content of the food is also significant Influence on cholesterol formation in egg yolk.

For ecological and health policy reasons it is Obtaining an economic breeding result is necessary To offer breeders a feed that has a number of factors taking into account the growth and production of the Ge winged animals affected.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to use a feed To provide tel that both the nitrogen content in the faeces and also lowers the cholesterol level in the egg yolk and is optimal Guaranteed feed conversion.

This object is achieved by the in the Characteristics located main claims solved.

According to the method for the production of poultry gel feed consisting essentially of the main ingredients herbal components, as well as mineral and active ingredient mixtures exists, the nitrogen content in the Excretions decreased and feed utilization increased be a by the feed known per se certain amount of first limiting amino acids is added and at the same time the energy content and the raw protein content of the Feed by lowering the plant components is set.

The invention is based on the finding that the poultry who are fed exclusively with whole grain mixtures which have relatively high nitrogen levels in the faeces.  

By lowering the energy content in the basic feed of the feed The feed must contain a certain amount of synthetic first limiting amino acids are fed to the metabolism to ensure.

The level of amino acid additions results from the content of Amino acids in the grain types used. Every grain type has a specific amino acid composition, whereby it is always are the first limiting amino acids.

The following calculation factors for determining the various additives were empirically determined in complex test series, the raw protein content (RP) being known. For

• Methionine: RP.0.026 =% by weight
• - Lysine: RP.0,060 =% by weight
• - Threonine: RP.0.037.

The values of these factors can easily be increased by approx. ± 15% fluctuate without reducing the effectiveness of the feed.

In an exemplary series of experiments, a feed was used as Complete feed with the following composition on chicken chicks rehearsing.

Trial 1

Corn (30.00% by weight), Wheat (24.08% by weight), Barley (15.10% by weight) %), Soybean meal 44 (26.00% by weight), dicalcium phosphate (1.5% by weight) Soybean oil (1.2% by weight), calcium carbonate (0.70% by weight), additional Mineral and active ingredient mixture (1.10% by weight), methionine (0.12% by weight), Lysine (0.18% by weight), L-carnitine (0.02% by weight).

The additive L-carnitine is used to optimize the energy gieumsetzung. It surprisingly turned out that the weight gain despite a reduction in Energiege was larger than with conventional feed. The after The following table shows a comparison of the weight gains  of chicken chicks with the poultry feed according to the invention ter alone and one used in previous experiments conventional rearing feed were fed, the comp Preparation of the crude protein the same as in the invention poultry feed, but without L-carnitine, but with 0.12% by weight methionine and 0.18% by weight lysine supplemented. The Weight amounts of the two poultry feeds were in both Cases the same.

Table I

A feed utilization factor of results from these values 1.84 in the complete feed according to the invention compared to one Feed conversion factor of 1.92 for conventional rearing feed ter. The feed conversion factor is the quotient of the Weighted total feed divided by measured chick weight.

In addition, all chicken chicks have been improved Spring formation observed.

Faecal examinations by the Agricultural Investigation and Research Institute Hameln (LUFA) have shown a drastic reduction in the nitrogen content in the faeces in feeding experiments with the feed according to the invention; for example, a nitrogen content of 30.57 kg / t was measured in a sample (1) from feedings with conventional feed, which also contained the ammonium nitrogen (NH ₄ -N). In contrast, the same examination of the faeces over the same period of time with the feed according to the invention showed a comparatively large nitrogen reduction, so that under the same conditions the nitrogen content was found to be only 24.26 kg / t of dry matter.

The reduced crude protein possible through the addition of amino acids and energy content of a poultry feed brings in laying hens feed further advantages. The raw protein content could go through Use of only herbal components can be reduced. This purely vegetable feed results from the addition of Vitamin C and L-carnitine are significant cholesterol lowers egg yolk. In addition, the Crude fiber content increased to approx. 6%.

Trial 2

In a further experiment 2, the vitamin C content in the laying hen feed was around 200 mg / kg Feed, so that a satisfactory conversion of Cholesterol was present in bile acid as a function of the liver. Further optimization attempts with different feed mixes Schungen led to the fact that especially in laying hen feed the crude fiber content is between 5.4% and 6.8% by weight and the vitamin C content was between 180 mg / kg and 220 mg / kg Animal feed lay. In addition to the vitamin C content mentioned the feed contains an additive L-carnitine.

Poultry species, mostly only with whole grain mixtures are known to be nourishers, large stick emitters Amounts of substance in the feces. These types of poultry, such as Pigeons, and all bird species must have an amino acid additive  get first limiting acids in liquid or powder form, whereby the effect of the N reduction in the excretions in the essential is achieved. The amount of amino acid additives results from the amino acid content of the used Components. Each component has a specific amino acid composition, but it is always the first mitogenic amino acids.

Preliminary test 3

In contrast to the feed mix for laying hens according to the publication Die Mühle und Mischfuttertechnik, issue 34, 1980, page 445, which contains an additive methionine and lysine, became a mixture of grains in this experiment, the is supplemented with methionine, lysine and threonine and 35% Legume contains what a raw protein content of Corresponds to 16.45% and gives 10.1% of usable crude protein, tested. The amounts by weight were 2.22 g / kg, corresponding to 0.22% by weight Methionine, 7.43 g / kg, corresponds to 0.74% by weight of lysine and 4.426 g / kg, corresponds to 0.443% by weight of threonine. The energy content this feed mixture was 11.9 MJ / kg. Obtain these values on the usable raw protein in the feed. This one Attempt previous experiments with feed whose Energy content was about 12 MJ / kg and only, as in the above. was standing the technique mentioned, supplemented with methionine and lysine did not show satisfactory results, all about 7-8% among those with the feed according to the invention achieved results were. To the optimal value of the factor (f), another attempt 4 was made to: is described below.  

Trial 4

This feed contains a raw protein content of 19.4%, Methionine content 4.4 g / kg, of which 19.4% crude protein can be used is. The energy content of this feed mixture is 12.45 MJ / kg. In addition, this feed contained an addition of Lysine and threonine with the known additions of Methionine. In particular, this rearing feed consisted of one Extrudate with 20.00% crude protein and a mixture of grains with 16.00% crude protein. The feed was on 50% of the pigeons Daily ration of extrudate in the morning and 50% of the daily ration Grain mixture fed in the evening. The salary of the The limiting amino acids were fed on threonine made differently within the range. The  The content of the amino acids methionine and lysine was in added two different dosages, the higher Salary corresponded to the optimum range.

The corresponding values are in Table II below listed. The convertible energy content corresponded to 12.5 MJ / kg for the whole food.

Table II

The perfect feathering of the youngsters came after one Time from 23 to 29 days. For group 1 it was 29 days for group 2 25 days, for group 3 23 days and for group 4 23 Days.

The same groups were used under the same experimental conditions 1 to 4 fed with a conventional poultry feed, whereby the weight of the youngsters in group 1 after 22 days 341 g, group 2 at 355 g, group 3 at 378 g and at Group 4 was 379 g. On average around 10% lower than at the poultry feed according to the invention.

Trial 5

In this feeding trial, exactly the same feed was used medium as in experiments 3 and 4 the feed L-Carnitine added daily in the drinking water. The  Results from the test series (test 3, test 4 and Experiment 5) are tabulated in Table III.

Table III

The test results clearly show that a feed mix with the addition of L-carnitine the entire metabolism sel best activated and thus the best results supplies.

By heat treatment, such as extrusion ren, the effectiveness of the feed according to the invention may still be significantly increased.

Claims (3)

1. Poultry feed made from plant components and a known additive, mineral and active ingredient mixture, with reduced energy and raw protein content, supplemented with methionine, lysine and threonine, based on the raw protein content of the feed mixture
0.026 times the amount of methionine,
0.060 times the amount of lysine and
0.037 times the amount of threonine
added, the values of these limiting amino acids can fluctuate by +/- 15%. 2. Poultry feed according to claim 1, characterized ge indicates that to reduce the Rohpro feed content the proportion of extraction is reduced. 3. Poultry feed consisting of the main components of vegetable components, namely maize (30.00% by weight), wheat (24.08% by weight), barley (15.10% by weight), soybean meal 44 ( 26.00 wt .-%), dicalcium phosphate (1.5 wt .-%), soybean oil (1.2 wt .-%) and calcium carbonate (0.7 wt .-%) and a known mixture of minerals and an active ingredient mixture known per se (1.10% by weight), characterized by the addition of
0.42% by weight methionine;
0.18 wt% lysine;
0.02 wt% L-carnitine.