EP0883141A1 - Heating process with magnetic field of a soft magnetic component - Google Patents

Heating process with magnetic field of a soft magnetic component Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0883141A1
EP0883141A1 EP98401043A EP98401043A EP0883141A1 EP 0883141 A1 EP0883141 A1 EP 0883141A1 EP 98401043 A EP98401043 A EP 98401043A EP 98401043 A EP98401043 A EP 98401043A EP 0883141 A1 EP0883141 A1 EP 0883141A1
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magnetic field
magnetic
intensity
maximum
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0883141B1 (en
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Georges Couderchon
Philippe Verin
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Mecagis SNC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14708—Fe-Ni based alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15333—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing nanocrystallites, e.g. obtained by annealing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15341—Preparation processes therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of heat treatment under magnetic field of a magnetic component, for example of a nucleus magnetic circuit breaker, made of a soft magnetic alloy such as than a FeNiMo 15-80-5 alloy, an amorphous Co base alloy or an alloy Nanocrystalline FeSiCuNbB.
  • a magnetic component for example of a nucleus magnetic circuit breaker, made of a soft magnetic alloy such as than a FeNiMo 15-80-5 alloy, an amorphous Co base alloy or an alloy Nanocrystalline FeSiCuNbB.
  • the shape of the cycle hysteresis is not essential. However, for many applications processing low amplitude electrical signals, for example circuit breakers RCDs, switching power supplies or connection transformers to digital telephone networks, the shape of the hysteresis cycle takes on a capital importance.
  • the shape of the hysteresis cycle is characterized, in particular, by the Br / Bm ratio, ratio of the residual induction to the maximum induction. When Br / Bm is greater than 0.9, approximately, the hysteresis cycle is said to be “rectangular”.
  • the hysteresis cycle is said " layer ".
  • Materials with a rectangular hysteresis cycle are used, for example example, to make the magnetic cores of magnetic amplifiers or switching power supply regulation stages.
  • Cycle materials of coated hysteresis are used, in particular, to produce the magnetic cores earth leakage breakers, electric filters or transformers galvanic decoupling.
  • soft magnetic alloys with low anisotropies are used (anisotropy coefficients less than 5000 ergs / cm 3 , and preferably less than 1000 ergs / cm 3 ), such as FeNiMo 15-80-5 alloys, amorphous Co base alloys or alloys of the FeSiCuNbB nanocrystalline type, and the magnetic components are subjected to annealing under an intense magnetic field. Annealing is carried out at a temperature below the Curie point of the alloy.
  • the magnetic field is longitudinal, that is to say parallel to the direction in which the magnetic properties will be measured, when one wants to obtain a rectangular hysteresis cycle. It is transverse, that is to say perpendicular to the direction in which the magnetic properties will be measured, when one wants to obtain a lying hysteresis cycle.
  • the magnetic field is applied for the duration of the treatment, and it is constant.
  • the temperature and the duration of treatment are the two parameters which affect the result of the heat treatment. These treatments, when they are of long duration (from one to a few hours), make it possible to obtain with good reliability either very rectangular hysteresis cycles (Br / Bm> 0.9), or hysteresis cycles very coated Br / Bm ⁇ 0.2).
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by giving means for reproducibly obtaining magnetic components by soft magnetic alloy having intermediate hysteresis cycles between very rectangular hysteresis cycles and very layered hysteresis cycles is that is, characterized by a Br / Bm ratio of between 0.3 and 0.9.
  • the invention relates to a heat treatment process under magnetic field of a magnetic component made of soft magnetic material such that, for example, a FeNiMo 15-80-5 alloy, an amorphous Co base alloy or a nanocrystalline FeSiCuNbB alloy, according to which the component is annealed magnetic at a temperature below the curie point of the magnetic material, and, during annealing, the magnetic component is subjected to a magnetic field longitudinal or transverse, alternating or continuous, applied in the form of a succession of slots each comprising a first part during which the intensity of the magnetic field reaches a maximum value, and a second part during which the intensity of the magnetic field has a minimum value.
  • This minimum value is preferably less than 10% of the maximum value of the field corresponding to the most important niche to which the component magnetic is subject.
  • the maximum intensities of the magnetic fields of two slots successive can be substantially equal or substantially different.
  • the maximum intensity of the magnetic field of the second slot can be less than the maximum intensity of the magnetic field of the first niche, so as to obtain a decrease in the maximum magnetic field throughout the treatment.
  • the maximum intensity of magnetic field of the last niche performed can, therefore, be less than 25% of the maximum intensity of the magnetic field of the first niche performed.
  • the minimum intensity of the field magnetic is zero.
  • each slot has a total duration of less than 30 minutes, the duration of the period during which the magnetic field has a maximum intensity is less than 15 minutes.
  • the heat treatment according to the invention which applies to any component magnetic soft magnetic alloy having very weak anisotropies, consists annealing under magnetic field at a temperature below the Curie point of soft magnetic alloy, in which the magnetic field is applied from discontinuously.
  • This heat treatment under magnetic field is carried out in a known heat treatment furnace under a unidirectional magnetic field in himself.
  • the magnetic component is a core magnetic ring consisting of a ribbon of soft magnetic alloy wound with so as to form a torus of rectangular section
  • the magnetic field is generated either by an electric conductor traversed by a direct electric current or alternating, on which the torus is threaded, either by a coil whose axis is parallel to the axis of revolution of the torus, and which surrounds the torus.
  • the field magnetic is longitudinal, i.e., parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ribbon soft magnetic alloy.
  • the magnetic field is transverse, that is, parallel to the surface of the ribbon, but perpendicular to the axis longitudinal of it.
  • the annealing temperature should preferably be greater than 0.5 times the Curie temperature expressed in degrees centigrade.
  • Each slot comprises a first part of duration ⁇ t ( ⁇ t 1 for C 1 , ⁇ t 2 for C 2 , etc.) during which the intensity of the magnetic field has a maximum value Hmax (Hmax 1 for C 1 , Hmax 2 for C 2 , etc.), and a second part of duration ⁇ t '( ⁇ t' 1 for C 1 , ⁇ t ' 2 for C 2 , etc.) during which the intensity of the magnetic field has a minimum value Hmin (Hmin 1 for C 1 , Hmin 2 for C 2 , etc.).
  • Hmax represents the intensity of the magnetic field.
  • Hmax represents the peak intensity of the magnetic field (maximum intensity reached at each alternation).
  • the slots are rectangular. But the slots can be, for example, of the trapezoidal type or of the triangular type, the intensity of the magnetic field decreasing regularly during the part of the niche corresponding to the intense magnetic field.
  • the maximum values of the magnetic field Hmax 1 and Hmax 2 are equal.
  • Hmax 3 is lower than Hmax 2 and higher than Hmax 4 .
  • the evolution of the successive maximum values of the magnetic field can be chosen at will.
  • these successive values can decrease throughout the treatment, starting from a value allowing to saturate the toroids during treatment (this value depends not only on the nature of the material constituting the toroids, but also on the dimensions tori) to reach, at the end of treatment, a value less than 25% of the initial value.
  • the minimum values of the magnetic field Hmin are, in general, substantially zero, and in any case must remain below 10% of the value maximum reached by the magnetic field during treatment.
  • ⁇ t are, in general, of the order of 5 minutes, and preferably should remain less than 15 minutes. They are not necessarily equal from niche to the other.
  • the number of slots can be chosen at will depending on the result obtain, and also, depending on the total duration of treatment which, from preferably, is more than 10 minutes and can reach several hours. In all in any case, the number of slots must be greater than 2.
  • magnetic cores in the form of tori were produced, 26 mm in outside diameter, 16 mm in inside diameter and 10 mm thick.
  • These magnetic cores were first subjected to a heat treatment by maintaining at the temperature of 530 ° C. for 1 hour in order to give them a nanocrystalline structure, then subjected to various anneals under magnetic field in accordance with the invention.
  • the different treatments were differentiated by the holding temperature, by the proportion of the holding time during which the magnetic field was applied and by the direction of the magnetic field.
  • the temperature retention time was 1 hour
  • the magnetic field was applied in the form of rectangular slots during which the maximum intensity of the magnetic field was sufficient to saturate the toroids for a few minutes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
  • Thin Magnetic Films (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Abstract

A magnetisable material such as an iron-nickel-molybdenum 15-80-5 alloy, an amorphous cobalt-based alloy or an iron-silicon-copper-niobium-boron nanocrystalline alloy is heated below the Curie point. It is subjected to a magnetic field whose intensity is varied over time, following a series of peaks. The intensity is progressively increased to a maximum and thereafter decreased to a minimum. The field may be longitudinal, transverse, unidirectional, continuous or alternating.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement thermique sous champ magnétique d'un composant magnétique, par exemple d'un noyau magnétique pour disjoncteur différentiel, constitué d'un alliage magnétique doux tel qu'un alliage FeNiMo 15-80-5, un alliage base Co amorphe ou un alliage FeSiCuNbB nanocristallin.The present invention relates to a method of heat treatment under magnetic field of a magnetic component, for example of a nucleus magnetic circuit breaker, made of a soft magnetic alloy such as than a FeNiMo 15-80-5 alloy, an amorphous Co base alloy or an alloy Nanocrystalline FeSiCuNbB.

Pour les applications en électrotechnique, telles que les transformateurs de mesure ou d'alimentation, on utilise des noyaux magnétiques constitués d'un matériau magnétique choisi pour ses propriétés magnétiques telles que la perméabilité magnétique ou les pertes. Pour ces applications, la forme du cycle d'hystérésis n'est pas essentielle. En revanche, pour de nombreuses applications traitant des signaux électriques de faible amplitude, par exemple les disjoncteurs différentiels, les alimentations à découpage ou les transformateurs de raccordement aux réseaux téléphoniques numériques, la forme du cycle d'hystérésis revêt une importance capitale. La forme du cycle d'hystérésis est caractérisée, notamment, par le rapport Br/Bm, rapport de l'induction rémanente à l'induction maximale. Lorsque Br/Bm est supérieur à 0,9, environ, le cycle d'hystérésis est dit « rectangulaire ». Lorsque le rapport Br/Bm est inférieur à 0,5, environ, le cycle d'hystérésis est dit « couché ». Les matériaux à cycle d'hystérésis rectangulaire sont utilisés, par exemple, pour réaliser les noyaux magnétiques des amplificateurs magnétiques ou des étages de régulation des alimentations à découpage. Les matériaux à cycle d'hystérésis couché sont utilisés, notamment, pour réaliser les noyaux magnétiques de disjoncteurs différentiels, de filtres électriques ou de transformateurs de découplage galvanique.For electrical engineering applications, such as transformers measurement or power supply, we use magnetic cores made up of a magnetic material chosen for its magnetic properties such as magnetic permeability or losses. For these applications, the shape of the cycle hysteresis is not essential. However, for many applications processing low amplitude electrical signals, for example circuit breakers RCDs, switching power supplies or connection transformers to digital telephone networks, the shape of the hysteresis cycle takes on a capital importance. The shape of the hysteresis cycle is characterized, in particular, by the Br / Bm ratio, ratio of the residual induction to the maximum induction. When Br / Bm is greater than 0.9, approximately, the hysteresis cycle is said to be “rectangular”. When the Br / Bm ratio is less than about 0.5, the hysteresis cycle is said " layer ". Materials with a rectangular hysteresis cycle are used, for example example, to make the magnetic cores of magnetic amplifiers or switching power supply regulation stages. Cycle materials of coated hysteresis are used, in particular, to produce the magnetic cores earth leakage breakers, electric filters or transformers galvanic decoupling.

Pour fabriquer des composants magnétiques en matériau magnétique doux ayant un cycle d'hystérésis de forme précise, rectangulaire ou couché, on utilise des alliages magnétiques doux à faibles anisotropies (coefficients d'anisotropie inférieurs à 5000 ergs/cm3, et, de préférence, inférieurs à 1000 ergs/cm3), tels que les alliages FeNiMo 15-80-5, les alliages base Co amorphes ou les alliages du type FeSiCuNbB nanocristallins, et on soumet les composants magnétiques à un recuit sous champ magnétique intense. Le recuit est effectué à une température inférieure au point de Curie de l'alliage. Le champ magnétique est longitudinal, c'est à dire parallèle à la direction dans laquelle on mesurera les propriétés magnétiques, lorsqu'on veut obtenir un cycle d'hystérésis rectangulaire. Il est transversal, c'est à dire perpendiculaire à la direction dans laquelle on mesurera les propriétés magnétiques, lorsqu'on veut obtenir un cycle d'hystérésis couché. Le champ magnétique est appliqué pendant toute la durée du traitement, et il est constant. La température et la durée de traitement sont les deux paramètres qui ont une incidence sur le résultat du traitement thermique. Ces traitements, lorsqu'ils sont de longue durée (de une à quelques heures), permettent d'obtenir avec une bonne fiabilité soit des cycles d'hystérésis très rectangulaires (Br/Bm > 0,9), soit des cycles d'hystérésis très couchés Br/Bm < 0,2). Mais ils ne permettent pas d'obtenir avec une fiabilité suffisante des cycles d'hystérésis ayant une forme intermédiaire (0,3 < Br/Bm < 0,9), très utiles pour certaines applications. En effet, pour obtenir de tels cycles d'hystérésis, il est nécessaire d'effectuer des recuits de faible durée, mais, alors, les résultats sont beaucoup trop aléatoires aussi bien en termes de rectangularité que de perméabilité pour pouvoir envisager une application industrielle. Il faut, en effet, pouvoir contrôler simultanément ces deux paramètres.To manufacture magnetic components from soft magnetic material having a hysteresis cycle of precise shape, rectangular or coated, soft magnetic alloys with low anisotropies are used (anisotropy coefficients less than 5000 ergs / cm 3 , and preferably less than 1000 ergs / cm 3 ), such as FeNiMo 15-80-5 alloys, amorphous Co base alloys or alloys of the FeSiCuNbB nanocrystalline type, and the magnetic components are subjected to annealing under an intense magnetic field. Annealing is carried out at a temperature below the Curie point of the alloy. The magnetic field is longitudinal, that is to say parallel to the direction in which the magnetic properties will be measured, when one wants to obtain a rectangular hysteresis cycle. It is transverse, that is to say perpendicular to the direction in which the magnetic properties will be measured, when one wants to obtain a lying hysteresis cycle. The magnetic field is applied for the duration of the treatment, and it is constant. The temperature and the duration of treatment are the two parameters which affect the result of the heat treatment. These treatments, when they are of long duration (from one to a few hours), make it possible to obtain with good reliability either very rectangular hysteresis cycles (Br / Bm> 0.9), or hysteresis cycles very coated Br / Bm <0.2). However, they do not allow hysteresis cycles having an intermediate form (0.3 <Br / Bm <0.9) to be obtained with sufficient reliability, which are very useful for certain applications. Indeed, to obtain such hysteresis cycles, it is necessary to carry out short-term annealing, but, then, the results are much too random both in terms of rectangularity and of permeability to be able to envisage an industrial application. These two parameters must be able to be controlled simultaneously.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier à cet inconvénient en donnant un moyen pour obtenir de façon reproductible des composants magnétiques en alliage magnétique doux ayant des cycles d'hystérésis intermédiaires entre les cycles d'hystérésis très rectangulaires et les cycles d'hystérésis très couchés, c'est à dire, caractérisés par un rapport Br/Bm compris entre 0,3 et 0,9.The object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by giving means for reproducibly obtaining magnetic components by soft magnetic alloy having intermediate hysteresis cycles between very rectangular hysteresis cycles and very layered hysteresis cycles is that is, characterized by a Br / Bm ratio of between 0.3 and 0.9.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de traitement thermique sous champ magnétique d'un composant magnétique en matériau magnétique doux tel que, par exemple, un alliage FeNiMo 15-80-5, un alliage base Co amorphe ou un alliage FeSiCuNbB nanocristallin, selon lequel on effectue un recuit du composant magnétique à une température inférieure au point de curie du matériau magnétique, et, pendant le recuit, on soumet le composant magnétique à un champ magnétique longitudinal ou transversal, alternatif ou continu, appliqué sous forme d'une succession de créneaux comportant chacun une première partie pendant laquelle l'intensité du champ magnétique atteint une valeur maximale, et une deuxième partie pendant laquelle l'intensité du champ magnétique a une valeur minimale. Cette valeur minimale est, de préférence, inférieure à 10% de la valeur maximale du champ correspondant au créneaux le plus important au quel le composant magnétique est soumis.To this end, the invention relates to a heat treatment process under magnetic field of a magnetic component made of soft magnetic material such that, for example, a FeNiMo 15-80-5 alloy, an amorphous Co base alloy or a nanocrystalline FeSiCuNbB alloy, according to which the component is annealed magnetic at a temperature below the curie point of the magnetic material, and, during annealing, the magnetic component is subjected to a magnetic field longitudinal or transverse, alternating or continuous, applied in the form of a succession of slots each comprising a first part during which the intensity of the magnetic field reaches a maximum value, and a second part during which the intensity of the magnetic field has a minimum value. This minimum value is preferably less than 10% of the maximum value of the field corresponding to the most important niche to which the component magnetic is subject.

Les intensités maximales des champs magnétiques de deux créneaux successifs peuvent être sensiblement égales ou sensiblement différentes. En particulier, pour tout couple de deux créneaux successifs, l'intensité maximale du champ magnétique du deuxième créneaux peut être inférieure à l'intensité maximale du champ magnétique du premier créneau, de façon à obtenir une décroissance du champ magnétique maximal tout au long du traitement. L'intensité maximale du champ magnétique du dernier créneau effectué peut, alors, être inférieure à 25 % de l'intensité maximale du champ magnétique du premier créneau effectué.The maximum intensities of the magnetic fields of two slots successive can be substantially equal or substantially different. In particular, for any couple of two successive slots, the maximum intensity of the magnetic field of the second slot can be less than the maximum intensity of the magnetic field of the first niche, so as to obtain a decrease in the maximum magnetic field throughout the treatment. The maximum intensity of magnetic field of the last niche performed can, therefore, be less than 25% of the maximum intensity of the magnetic field of the first niche performed.

De préférence, pour chaque créneau, l'intensité minimale du champ magnétique est nulle.Preferably, for each niche, the minimum intensity of the field magnetic is zero.

De préférence également, chaque créneau a une durée totale inférieure à 30 minutes, la durée de la période pendant laquelle le champ magnétique a une intensité maximale est inférieure à 15 minutes.Also preferably, each slot has a total duration of less than 30 minutes, the duration of the period during which the magnetic field has a maximum intensity is less than 15 minutes.

L'invention va maintenant être décrite plus en détails en regard de l'unique figure annexée qui représente l'évolution en fonction du temps de la température et du champ magnétique appliqué au cours du traitement thermique d'un composant magnétique en alliage magnétique doux. L'invention va, également, être illustrée par des exemples.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the single attached figure which represents the evolution as a function of time of the temperature and of the magnetic field applied during the heat treatment of a component magnetic soft magnetic alloy. The invention will also be illustrated by examples.

Le Traitement thermique selon l'invention, qui s'applique à tout composant magnétique en alliage magnétique doux ayant des anisotropies très faibles, consiste en un recuit sous champ magnétique à une température inférieure au point de Curie de l'alliage magnétique doux, dans lequel le champ magnétique est appliqué de façon discontinue. Ce traitement thermique sous champ magnétique est effectué dans un four de traitement thermique sous champ magnétique unidirectionnel connu en lui-même. Lorsque, par exemple, le composant magnétique est un noyau magnétique torique constitué d'un ruban en alliage magnétique doux enroulé de façon à former un tore de section rectangulaire, le champ magnétique est engendré soit par un conducteur électrique parcouru par un courant électrique continu ou alternatif, sur lequel le tore est enfilé, soit par une bobine dont l'axe est parallèle à l'axe de révolution du tore, et qui entoure le tore. Dans le premier cas, le champ magnétique est longitudinal, c'est à dire, parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du ruban en alliage magnétique doux. Dans le second cas, le champ magnétique est transversal, c'est à dire, parallèle à la surface du ruban, mais, perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de celui-ci.The heat treatment according to the invention, which applies to any component magnetic soft magnetic alloy having very weak anisotropies, consists annealing under magnetic field at a temperature below the Curie point of soft magnetic alloy, in which the magnetic field is applied from discontinuously. This heat treatment under magnetic field is carried out in a known heat treatment furnace under a unidirectional magnetic field in himself. When, for example, the magnetic component is a core magnetic ring consisting of a ribbon of soft magnetic alloy wound with so as to form a torus of rectangular section, the magnetic field is generated either by an electric conductor traversed by a direct electric current or alternating, on which the torus is threaded, either by a coil whose axis is parallel to the axis of revolution of the torus, and which surrounds the torus. In the first case, the field magnetic is longitudinal, i.e., parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ribbon soft magnetic alloy. In the second case, the magnetic field is transverse, that is, parallel to the surface of the ribbon, but perpendicular to the axis longitudinal of it.

La température de recuit doit, de préférence, être supérieure à 0,5 fois la température de Curie exprimée en degrés centigrades.The annealing temperature should preferably be greater than 0.5 times the Curie temperature expressed in degrees centigrade.

Le déroulement du traitement thermique, représenté à la figure 1, comporte :

  • pour la température, un maintien à la température de traitement , inférieure au point de Curie c, entre les instants t0 de début de traitement, et t1 de fin de traitement,
  • pour le champ magnétique, une succession de créneaux C1, C2, C3 et C4.
The heat treatment process, shown in Figure 1, includes:
  • for the temperature, maintaining at the treatment temperature , below the Curie point c, between the instants t 0 at the start of treatment, and t 1 at the end of treatment,
  • for the magnetic field, a succession of slots C 1 , C 2 , C 3 and C 4 .

Chaque créneau comporte une première partie de durée Δt (Δt1 pour C1, Δt2 pour C2, etc.) pendant laquelle l'intensité du champ magnétique a une valeur maximale Hmax (Hmax1 pour C1, Hmax2 pour C2, etc.), et une deuxième partie de durée Δt' (Δt'1 pour C1, Δt'2 pour C2, etc.) pendant laquelle l'intensité du champ magnétique a une valeur minimale Hmin (Hmin1 pour C1, Hmin2 pour C2, etc.).Each slot comprises a first part of duration Δt (Δt 1 for C 1 , Δt 2 for C 2 , etc.) during which the intensity of the magnetic field has a maximum value Hmax (Hmax 1 for C 1 , Hmax 2 for C 2 , etc.), and a second part of duration Δt '(Δt' 1 for C 1 , Δt ' 2 for C 2 , etc.) during which the intensity of the magnetic field has a minimum value Hmin (Hmin 1 for C 1 , Hmin 2 for C 2 , etc.).

Lorsque le champ magnétique est continu, Hmax représente l'intensité du champ magnétique. Lorsque le champ magnétique est alternatif, Hmax représente l'intensité de crête du champ magnétique (intensité maximale atteinte à chaque alternance).When the magnetic field is continuous, Hmax represents the intensity of the magnetic field. When the magnetic field is alternating, Hmax represents the peak intensity of the magnetic field (maximum intensity reached at each alternation).

Les créneaux, tels qu'ils ont été représentés, sont rectangulaires. Mais les créneaux peuvent être, par exemple, du type trapézoïdal ou du type triangulaire, l'intensité du champ magnétique décroissant régulièrement au cours de la partie du créneau correspondant au champ magnétique intense.The slots, as they have been represented, are rectangular. But the slots can be, for example, of the trapezoidal type or of the triangular type, the intensity of the magnetic field decreasing regularly during the part of the niche corresponding to the intense magnetic field.

Dans l'exemple représenté, les valeurs maximales du champ magnétique Hmax1 et Hmax2, correspondant aux deux créneaux successifs C1 et C2, sont égales. En revanche, Hmax3 est plus faible que Hmax2 et plus élevé que Hmax4 . En fait, l'évolution des valeurs maximales successives du champ magnétique peut être choisie à volonté. En particulier, ces valeurs successives peuvent décroítre tout au long du traitement, en partant d'une valeur permettant de saturer les tores en cours de traitement (cette valeurs dépend non seulement de la nature du matériau constituant les tores, mais, également, des dimensions des tores) pour atteindre, en fin de traitement, une valeur inférieure à 25% de la valeur initiale.In the example shown, the maximum values of the magnetic field Hmax 1 and Hmax 2 , corresponding to the two successive slots C 1 and C 2 , are equal. On the other hand, Hmax 3 is lower than Hmax 2 and higher than Hmax 4 . In fact, the evolution of the successive maximum values of the magnetic field can be chosen at will. In particular, these successive values can decrease throughout the treatment, starting from a value allowing to saturate the toroids during treatment (this value depends not only on the nature of the material constituting the toroids, but also on the dimensions tori) to reach, at the end of treatment, a value less than 25% of the initial value.

Les valeurs minimales du champ magnétique Hmin, sont, en général, sensiblement nulles, et, en tous cas, doivent rester inférieures à 10% de la valeur maximale atteinte par le champ magnétique au cours du traitement.The minimum values of the magnetic field Hmin, are, in general, substantially zero, and in any case must remain below 10% of the value maximum reached by the magnetic field during treatment.

Δt sont, en général, de l'ordre de 5 minutes, et, de préférence, doivent rester inférieures à 15 minutes. Elles ne sont pas nécessairement égales d'un créneau à l'autre. Les durées Δt' sont, en général, de l'ordre de 5 minutes, et, de préférence, doivent rester inférieures à 30 minutes.Δt are, in general, of the order of 5 minutes, and preferably should remain less than 15 minutes. They are not necessarily equal from niche to the other. The durations Δt 'are, in general, of the order of 5 minutes, and preferably must remain less than 30 minutes.

Le nombre de créneaux peut être choisi à volonté en fonction du résultat à obtenir, et, également, en fonction de la durée totale du traitement qui, de préférence, est supérieure à 10 minutes et peut atteindre plusieurs heures. En tout état de cause, le nombre de créneaux doit être supérieur à 2.The number of slots can be chosen at will depending on the result obtain, and also, depending on the total duration of treatment which, from preferably, is more than 10 minutes and can reach several hours. In all in any case, the number of slots must be greater than 2.

Dans une variante, certains créneaux sont réalisés sous champ longitudinal, les autres étant réalisés sous champ transversal.In a variant, certain slots are produced in the longitudinal field, the others being carried out under transverse field.

A titre d'exemple, avec un ruban en alliage Fe73,5Si13,5Nb3Cu1B9, On a fabriqué des noyaux magnétiques en forme de tores de 26 mm de diamètre extérieur, 16 mm de diamètre intérieur et 10 mm d'épaisseur. Ces noyaux magnétiques ont d'abord été soumis à un traitement thermique par maintien à la température de 530°C pendant 1 heure afin de leur conférer une structure nanocristalline, puis soumis à différents recuits sous champ magnétique conformes à l'invention. Les différents traitements se différenciaient par la température de maintien, par la proportion du temps de maintien pendant lequel le champ magnétique était appliqué et par la direction du champ magnétique. Dans tous les cas, le temps de maintien en température était de 1 heure, le champ magnétique était appliqué sous forme de créneaux rectangulaires au cours des quels l'intensité maximale du champ magnétique était suffisant pour saturer les tores pendant quelques minutes. Les formes des cycles d'hystérésis obtenus, caractérisées par le rapport Br/Bm, étaient :

Figure 00050001
By way of example, with a strip of Fe 73.5 Si 13.5 Nb 3 Cu 1 B 9 alloy, magnetic cores in the form of tori were produced, 26 mm in outside diameter, 16 mm in inside diameter and 10 mm thick. These magnetic cores were first subjected to a heat treatment by maintaining at the temperature of 530 ° C. for 1 hour in order to give them a nanocrystalline structure, then subjected to various anneals under magnetic field in accordance with the invention. The different treatments were differentiated by the holding temperature, by the proportion of the holding time during which the magnetic field was applied and by the direction of the magnetic field. In all cases, the temperature retention time was 1 hour, the magnetic field was applied in the form of rectangular slots during which the maximum intensity of the magnetic field was sufficient to saturate the toroids for a few minutes. The forms of the hysteresis cycles obtained, characterized by the Br / Bm ratio, were:
Figure 00050001

Sur ce tableau, on voit, par exemple, que pour un traitement sous champ transverse appliqué pendant 25% du temps et une température de recuit de 250°C, le rapport Br/Bm était de 0,35. En fait, ces valeurs étaient obtenues à +/- 0,02 près. De plus, les perméabilités magnétiques maximales à 50Hz étaient systématiquement supérieures d'au moins 25 % aux perméabilités magnétiques maximales à 50Hz obtenues par des traitements thermiques sous champ magnétique continu, conformément à l'art antérieur.On this table, we see, for example, that for a treatment under field transverse applied for 25% of the time and an annealing temperature of 250 ° C, the Br / Bm ratio was 0.35. In fact, these values were obtained to within +/- 0.02. In addition, the maximum magnetic permeabilities at 50Hz were systematically at least 25% higher than the maximum magnetic permeabilities at 50Hz obtained by heat treatments under a continuous magnetic field, in accordance with the prior art.

Plus précisément, avec un recuit à 400°C sous champ transverse appliqué sous forme de créneaux, le champ intense étant appliqué pendant 25 % du temps de maintien en température, on a obtenu un rapport Br/Bm compris entre 0,08 et 0,12 et une perméabilité magnétique d'impédance à 50 Hz µmax comprise entre 180 000 et 220 000.More precisely, with an annealing at 400 ° C. under a transverse field applied in the form of slots, the intense field being applied for 25% of the temperature maintenance time, a Br / Bm ratio of between 0.08 and 0 was obtained, 12 and a magnetic permeability of impedance at 50 Hz µ max between 180,000 and 220,000.

A titre de comparaison, on a effectué des traitements thermiques sous champ conformes à l'art antérieur, c'est à dire, au cours des quels le champ magnétique est maintenu constant pendant tout le maintien en température. Ces traitements ont consisté en un recuit à 350 °C sous champ perpendiculaire. Ils ont conduit à des valeurs de Br/Bm comprises entre 0,12 et 0,31, soit une dispersion cinq fois plus importante que dans l'exemple précédent. La perméabilité µmax étaient comprises entre 180 000 et 220 000.By way of comparison, heat treatments have been carried out under the field in accordance with the prior art, that is to say, during which the magnetic field is kept constant throughout the temperature maintenance. These treatments consisted of annealing at 350 ° C. under a perpendicular field. They led to Br / Bm values between 0.12 and 0.31, that is to say a dispersion five times greater than in the previous example. The permeability µ max was between 180,000 and 220,000.

Claims (10)

Procédé de traitement thermique sous champ magnétique d'un composant magnétique en matériau magnétique doux à faibles anisotropies tel que, par exemple, un alliage FeNiMo 15-80-5, un alliage base Co amorphe ou un alliage FeSiCuNbB nanocristallin, selon lequel on effectue un recuit du composant magnétique à une température inférieure au point de Curie du matériau magnétique, et, pendant le recuit, on soumet le composant magnétique à un champ magnétique longitudinal ou transversal, unidirectionnel, continu ou alternatif, caractérisé en ce que le champ magnétique est appliqué sous forme d'une succession de créneaux comportant chacun une première partie pendant laquelle l'intensité du champ magnétique atteint une valeur maximale, et une deuxième partie pendant laquelle l'intensité du champ magnétique a une valeur minimale.Method of heat treatment under magnetic field of a component magnet made of soft magnetic material with weak anisotropies such as, for example example, a FeNiMo 15-80-5 alloy, an amorphous Co base alloy or an alloy Nanocrystalline FeSiCuNbB, according to which the component is annealed magnetic at a temperature below the Curie point of the magnetic material, and, during annealing, the magnetic component is subjected to a magnetic field longitudinal or transverse, unidirectional, continuous or alternating, characterized in that the magnetic field is applied in the form of a succession of slots each comprising a first part during which the intensity of the field magnetic reaches a maximum value, and a second part during which the intensity of the magnetic field has a minimum value. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que, pour au moins deux créneaux successifs, les intensités maximales des champs magnétiques sont sensiblement égales.Method according to claim 1 characterized in that, for at least two successive slots, the maximum intensities of the magnetic fields are substantially equal. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que, pour au moins deux créneaux successifs, les intensités maximales des champs magnétiques sont sensiblement différentes.Method according to claim 1 characterized in that, for at least two successive slots, the maximum intensities of the magnetic fields are significantly different. Procédé selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que l'intensité maximale du champ magnétique du deuxième créneau est inférieure à l'intensité maximale du champ magnétique du premier créneau.Method according to claim 3 characterized in that the intensity maximum magnetic field of the second window is less than the intensity maximum magnetic field of the first niche. Procédé selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que, pour tout couple de deux créneaux successifs, l'intensité maximale du champ magnétique du deuxième créneau est inférieure à l'intensité maximale du champ magnétique du premier créneau.Method according to claim 4 characterized in that, for any couple of two successive slots, the maximum intensity of the magnetic field of the second slot is less than the maximum intensity of the magnetic field of the first niche. Procédé selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que l'intensité maximale du champ magnétique du dernier créneau effectué est inférieure à 25 % de l'intensité maximale du champ magnétique du premier cerneau effectué.Method according to claim 5 characterized in that the intensity maximum magnetic field of the last window performed is less than 25% of the maximum intensity of the magnetic field of the first kernel carried out. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce que, pour au moins un créneau, l'intensité minimale du champ magnétique est inférieure à 10% de l'intensité maximale atteinte par le champ magnétique au cours du traitement. Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in what, for at least one niche, the minimum intensity of the magnetic field is less than 10% of the maximum intensity reached by the magnetic field during of treatment. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que au moins un créneau a une durée totale inférieure à 30 minutes.Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one slot has a total duration of less than 30 minutes. Procédé selon la revendication 8 caractérisé en ce que, pour l'au moins un créneau dont la durée totale est inférieure à 30 minutes, la durée de la partie pendant laquelle le champ magnétique a une intensité maximale est inférieure à 15 minutes.Method according to claim 8 characterized in that, for at least one slot whose total duration is less than 30 minutes, the duration of the game during which the magnetic field has a maximum intensity is less than 15 minutes. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 caractérisé en ce que la durée totale du traitement thermique est supérieure à 10 minutes.Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the total duration of the heat treatment is greater than 10 minutes.
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